Creating Web Sites with HTML and CSS
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The document provides steps for converting an image-based website design into XHTML and CSS code. It discusses identifying sections, deciding on a layout type, distinguishing content from style, and creating the basic page structure with appropriate HTML tags. Floating DIVs and DIVs that behave like tables are described as options for multi-column page layouts. Centering content, vertical alignment, and image formats are also covered.
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Creating Web Sites with HTML and CSS
- 1. Web Sites with XHTML and CSS Svilen Ivanov Bulgarian Association of Software Developers www.devbg.org
- 2. Table of Contents From Image to XHTML+CSS: Step by Step
- 3. Floating DIVs and DIVs Behaving Like Tables
- 4. Vertical Alignment of DIVs
- 6. Web Site with Frames
- 7. Web Site with Tables
- 8. Web Site with DIVs
- 9. Slice and Dice: Showcases
- 10. From Image to XHTML+CSS Creating Web Sites Step by Step
- 11. From Image to XHTML+CSS Steps for converting a Web site image to XHTML + CSS ( + JavaScript ) Decide on the layout type
- 12. Fixed width – what resolution (800, 1024, …)?
- 13. Fluid width – which parts will resize?
- 15. Header, main, footer, columns, navigation, etc.
- 16. Decide on the layout model
- 17. DIVs vs. tables (any good reason to use tables?)
- 18. From Image to XHTML+CSS (2) Steps for converting a Web site image to XHTML + CSS ( + JavaScript ) Distinguish between content and style
- 19. Text vs. images – which belongs to the content and which is part of the styling?
- 20. Create the page layout
- 21. Create the layout DIVs and define their CSS
- 22. Create the contents of each section
- 23. Test the site in different Web browsers
- 24. Fixed vs. Fluid Layout Page layout can be fixed or fluid
- 25. Fixed width Typical users use at least 1024 x 768 resolution
- 26. 900px-1000px page width is OK
- 27. Mobile devices have smaller screen Fluid width Ensure the main page content resizes correctly
- 28. Beware of very large screens (e.g. 1920 x 1200)
- 29. Fix the min-width for the main <div>
- 30. Identifying Site Sections Typical Web sites consist of header, main section and footer
- 31. The main content usually has some main section, sidebars or navigation controls
- 32. The main section could be split in columns Main section Header Footer Left Side Bar Right Side Bar Column 1 Column 2 Column 3
- 33. Frames vs. Table vs. DIVs? Site layout with frames is old-fashioned
- 34. Using tables for columned design is incorrect! Tables are considered SEO unfriendly The other option is to use <div> tags To place them in columns they must be floating
- 35. When they are floating, you can fix their width, but height is determined by their content (or is fixed)
- 36. When height is determined by content, background may not be applied properly
- 37. Footer must also be floating with clear:left
- 38. Frames vs. Table vs. DIVs? Site layout with frames is old-fashioned
- 39. Using tables for columned design is incorrect! Tables are considered SEO unfriendly The other option is to use <div> tags To place them in columns they must be floating
- 40. When they are floating, you can fix their width, but height is determined by their content (or is fixed)
- 41. When height is determined by content, background may not be applied properly
- 42. Footer must also be floating with clear:left
- 43. Floating DIVs Floating DIVs are not part of their parent DIV Their height is the height of their content
- 44. The parent container's height can be less left <div> Floating-right <div> Non-floating <div> The container <div> has height based on its non-floating content
- 45. Floating DIVs Live Demo floating-divs.html
- 46. DIVs Behaving Like Tables display:table makes DIVs behave like table:
- 47. Supported in all W3C-compliant browsers Internet Explorer supports this since IE8 #container { display: table; }
- 48. #row { display: table-row; }
- 49. #left, #right, #middle { display: table-cell; } <div id="container">
- 54. </div>
- 55. </div>
- 56. DIVs Behaving Like Tables Live Demo table-with-divs.html
- 57. Vertical Alignment of DIV Aligning a DIV vertically is a complex task You need three nested <div> elements: #container { display: table; height: 400px; }
- 58. #row { display: table-row; }
- 59. #cell { display: table-cell; vertical-align: middle; } <div id="container">
- 62. </div>
- 63. </div> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/ xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> DOCTYPE is important!
- 64. Vertical Alignment of DIVs Live Demo div-vertical-alignment.html
- 65. Distinguish between Content and Style Separating content from presentation The HTML content is the essential information published in the Web page, e.g. text + images
- 66. The presentation is the layout and styles used to format the content or decorate it The content should live in the HTML
- 67. The presentation should live in the CSS
- 68. When the CSS is disabled, the site should look like an article with titles, lists and paragraphs
- 69. GIF, JPEG or PNG? GIF, JPEG and PNG are the three most common image formats in the Web JPEG is used for large images, e.g. photos
- 70. GIF and PNG support transparency Used for bullets, icons and small images
- 71. Transparent PNG not supported by old browsers
- 72. PNG files are larger than GIF
- 73. GIF supports less colors than PNG
- 75. Centering a Fixed-Width Site Several ways to center the content of the site: Placing it in <center> tag – deprecated
- 76. Using CSS text-align:center Will affect all child nodes too Using CSS margin:0 auto
- 77. The width of the content is fixed
- 78. The left and right margins are set to automatic width: 900px;
- 80. Centering Site Contents – Example <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
- 81. <head>
- 83. body { background-color: #CCCCCC; }
- 84. #site-contents {
- 85. width: 940px; margin: 20px auto; }
- 86. </style>
- 87. </head>
- 88. <body>
- 90. <h1>Welcome to our Web site!</h1>
- 91. ...
- 92. </div>
- 93. </body>
- 94. </html>
- 95. Centered Site Contents Live Demo ************
- 96. Web Site Based on Frames Web sites based on frames Easy-to-develop
- 97. Works for small and simple Web sites
- 98. Considered old-fashioned, not recommended! <frameset rows="85,*" cols="*" frameborder="no" border="0" framespacing="0">
- 101. <frameset cols="126,*" frameborder="no" border="0"
- 106. </frameset>
- 107. </frameset>
- 108. Web Site with Frames Live Demo ************
- 109. Web Site Based on Tables Web sites based on tables Easy to layout the page elements
- 110. Semantically incorrect, not recommended! <table class="siteTable">
- 114. </tr>
- 118. </tr>
- 121. </table>
- 122. Web Site with Tables Live Demo ************
- 123. Web Site Based on DIVs Web sites based on DIVs The best, semantically correct approach
- 124. Sometimes is hard to implement <div id="header">
- 127. </div>
- 131. </div>
- 133. Web Site with DIVs Live Demo ************
- 134. Creating a Web Site Slice and Dice: Showcases
- 135. Slice and Dice Showcase We should convert the following image to XHTML+CSS:
- 136. Layout and Style Fixed width or fluid width? Fixed width will work well Need to center the content and use some background to fill the rest of the page Frames, tables or DIVs? DIVs with table layout will work best
- 137. Step 1 – Determine the Pieces First step is to determine the parts of the design
- 138. Step 1 – Determine the Pieces (2) This is the logo – should be image tag the site header div This can be background image
- 139. Step 1 – Determine the Pieces (3) 3 columns design: Easiest way is – table, one row, three cells Menu cell Body cell Right cell
- 140. Step 1 – Determine the Pieces (4) Footer – div, center the text with CSS
- 141. Step 1 – Determine the Pieces (5) two separate lists in table or two floating divs DIV with links (A tags) Unordered lists, strong tags, links Article headings (H1 and H2 tags)
- 142. Step 2 – Which Parts are Image and Which HTML? All elements backgrounds and borders are solid so we can use css colors instead of images Browsers do not support such font and effects so we have to place this text using image This bullets can be either CSS background image or default list bullet
- 143. Step 3 – The Small Details Look for the small details and decide if they should be in CSS, HTML or image Example: this images have border that should be defined in the CSS, not part of the image
- 144. Case Study Example site design http://pypt.org/
- 145. Case Study: Text or Image Three ways to create the top part: Use text over background image, absolute positioned DIVs
- 146. Use table, slice the image to fit the needed rows and columns
- 147. Leave the text in the image
- 148. Case Study: Two Backgrounds To achieve the underline and the leaf image we can use only CSS. We need two tags: Outer tag has the leaf as background image, padding-left so the inner doesn’t cover it
- 149. Inner tag has the underline as background image, repeat-x, positioned in the bottom
- 150. Note: the underline background image is 1px wide to save bandwidth!
- 151. Case Study: Rounded Corners Rounded border corners are supported by CSS3 Not yet supported by most browsers
- 152. But soon will be
- 153. We can create them with multiple images in table
- 154. Too much code
- 155. jQuery to the rescue!
- 156. Exercises Create this with XHTML and CSS. Using tables and frames are not allowed!
- 157. See the file: site-sample.png
- 158. Exercises (2) Create this with XHTML and CSS. Using tables and frames is not allowed!
- 159. See the file: architecture.psd