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Creative Commons 101: Copyright and Open Licensing
- Creative Commons licenses provide an open alternative to traditional copyright licenses. They allow creators to retain copyright while giving people official permission to share and reuse their work. - There are six main Creative Commons license types that vary in whether they allow commercial use, modifications, and require shared alike terms. Properly marking works with the correct Creative Commons license is important. - Open licenses like Creative Commons benefit both creators and users by making informal sharing legally permissible and enabling others to build upon and redistribute creative works.
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Creative Commons 101: Copyright and Open Licensing
- 1. COPYRIGHT, OPEN LICENSING& CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSES Meredith Jacob Public Lead – Creative Commons United States American University Washington College of Law Except where noted, all slides licensed CC-BY 4.0 by Creative Commons United States
- 2. • CC licenses Copyright • Copyright Basics • Creative Commons Licenses • Questions WHAT WE’LL COVER
- 3. • Works withinthe copyright system • Author still holds copyright to the work • Traditional licenses are one to one (negotiated) • Open licenses like the Creative Commons licenses are one to the public/one to many WHAT IS AN OPEN LICENSE?
- 4. Just like traditionalcopyrighted material, CC licenses can be applied to: • Images • Textbooks • Articles • Slides • Reports • Videos • Simulations In print or digital formats (or dance or song, etc!) CC LICENSE ON ALL TYPES OF WORKS
- 5. Unlike traditional copyright,materials have been released under an open copyright license that allows users to: • Update and remix • Translate • Share new versions • Post online With clear legal rights rather than tolerated (or private) use FORMAL VS. TOLERATED USES OF COPYRIGHTED WORKS
- 6. The purpose ofcopyright in the United States draws from Art. 1 Sec. 8, Clause 8, where it states that Congress shall have the power: “to promote the progress of science and the useful art, by securing for authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writings and discoveries” WHAT IS THE PURPOSE OF COPYRIGHT?
- 7. Copyright is intendedto incentivize authors (and other creators) to write and to invest in making new creative works. This view of copyright exists in the United States and other common law countries that draw from British legal tradition COPYRIGHT IS INTENDED TO INCENTIVIZE AUTHORS
- 8. Copyright law grantsto the author or copyright owner the exclusive right to: • reproduce, make derivatives of, sell, distribute to the public, perform or display publicly, the copyrighted work, • subject to fair use and other limitations and exceptions to copyright law. Copyright owners may assign all the rights in their copyright, or give limited licenses that allow others to make specific use of their works. WHAT IS COPYRIGHT?
- 9. Copyright law appliesto intellectual property that are “original works of authorship.” • Common types of works protected by copyright include literary, artistic, and musical works. • Copyright is automatic, so it applies as soon as the work has been created. Copyright protection in the United States lasts for the life of the author plus 70 years or 95 years for an institutional author. After this time period has expired, works fall into the public domain and are free from copyright restrictions. WHAT DOES COPYRIGHT PROTECT?
- 10. There are anumber of exceptions and limitations to copyright. Functional concepts, names, and logos are typically covered by patent or trademark law, if protected at all, rather than copyright. Copyright protects the specific expression of a work - the words - but not the underlying idea. ARE THERE LIMITS TO WHAT COPYRIGHT PROTECTS?
- 11. NOTHING WHAT DO YOUHAVE TO DO TO GET A COPYRIGHT?
- 12. The public domaincontains works that are copyrightable, but are not currently protected by copyright. These include: • Works where the copyright has expired • Works that are in the public domain because of statute, such as works that are created by US federal employees in the course of their employment • Works dedicated to the public domain via CC0 THE PUBLIC DOMAIN
- 13. COPYRIGHT EVALUATION Covered by copyrightlaw? YES Fair use or other copyright limitation? Creative Commons Licensed Insitutional license or subscription Allowed free classroom use (not open license) NO Public Domain Idea (not expression)
- 14. • Works withinthe copyright system • Author still holds copyright to the work • Traditional licenses are one to one (negotiated) • Open licenses like the Creative Commons licenses are one to the public/one to many WHAT IS AN OPEN LICENSE?
- 15. Advantages • Takes advantagedigital distribution and authorship • Ability to improve, remix, and translate • Makes informal reuse formally permissible (and possible on the open internet) WHAT ARE THE ADVANTAGES OF AN OPEN LICENSE?
- 16. • Clearly communicatesto the public that the resource is free to reuse • Grants the public a license to access, reproduce, publicly perform, publicly display, adapt, distribute, and otherwise use for any purposes • provided that the licensee gives attribution to the designated authors of the intellectual property. WHAT DOES A CREATIVE COMMONS LICENSE DO?
- 17. Except where otherwisenoted, this work is licensed under: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 THE CC LICENSE MARK AND LINK
- 18. THE HUMAN READABLEVERSION
- 19.
- 20. There are sixtypes of CC licenses: TYPES OF CC LICENSES
- 21. BY – Attribution •Shared by all the license • In the place that copyright notice is normally given • As requested by the author LICENSE TERMS
- 22. Open Educational Resourcesand Creative Commons Licenses by Meredith Jacob, slideshare.net/Meredith Jacob under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License (CC BY) http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 ATTRIBUTION EXAMPLE
- 23. SA – ShareAlike • Any new derivative work must be released under the same license – Is there a derivative work? – Is it possible to use a single license? LICENSE TERMS
- 24. When you reusematerials in combination, you have to decide if you are creating an adaptation. Things that are an adaptation - A remix that contains segments of content combined into a new work - Edited and/or combined images REUSING AND REMIXING CC LICENSED MATERIAL
- 25. When you reusematerials in combination, you have to decide if you are creating an adaptation. Things that are generally not an adaptation: - A compilation or playlist of content and excerpts from content - Setting unedited images for illustration along side narrative text REUSING AND REMIXING CC LICENSED MATERIAL
- 26. “Explaining ND Licenseswith Steampunk Space Rhinos” by Meredith Jacob under a CC BY 4.0 License. Original mages used in clockwise order from upper right are (1) “Cable Green” by David Kidler from Flickr under a CC By 2.0 License (2)”Hubble Views ‘Third Kind’ of Galaxy” by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center from Flickr under a CC By 2.0 License (3) “View of the Americas on 12.13.14” by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center from Flickr under a CC By 2.0 License (4)”A unicorn with curves?” by Mark Gunn from Flickr under a CC By 2.0 License ”Look to the Stars” by davidd from Flickr under a CC By 2.0 License. Original images were re-sized, color-altered and stamped with the CC logo to create this new work. THIS IS DEFINITELY AN ADAPTATION
- 27. NC – NonCommercial • Not directed primarily towards commercial purpose • Does not depend on the status of the user LICENSE TERMS - NC
- 28. ND – NoDerivatives • The license does not allow users to make derivatives • Does not apply to setting images alongside text (including resizing) LICENSE TERMS - ND
- 29. MARKING YOUR WORK ©2013 by CCSSO. Operational Best Practices for Statewide Large-Scale Assessment Programs 2013 Edition is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 it is available at http://www.ccsso.org/Resources/Publications/Operational_ Best_Practices_for_Statewide_Large- Scale_Assessment_Programs.html
- 30. • creativecommonsusa.org • creativecommons.org •mjacob@wcl.american.edu • slideshare.net/MeredithJacob OPPORTUNITIES TO LEARN MORE