Download to read offline
Creative Commons and Open Education - helping teachers to collaborate and share
- 1. CREATIVE COMMONS AND OPENEDUCATION HELPING TEACHERS TO COLLABORATE AND SHARE Delia Browne, Director, National Copyright Unit Ryan Merkley, CEO, Creative Commons
- 2. WHO ARE THENATIONAL COPYRIGHT UNIT (NCU)? • The Ministers’ Copyright Advisory Group (CAG), through the NCU, is responsible for copyright policy and administration for the Australian school and TAFE sector. This involves: • Managing the obligations under the educational copyright licenses • Advocating for better copyright laws on the School and TAFE sector’s behalf • Educating the School and TAFE sector regarding their copyright responsibilities • Managing copyright compliance and cost management –increased use of ICT in schools has cost and risk issues • Developing and implementing Smartcopying practices: Education Lead for CC Australia, advocate for the use and creation of CC licensed materials
- 3. WHY IS COPYRIGHT IMPORTANT? •Schools are the biggest users of copyright material in Australia: it’s estimated that schools spend over 700 million dollars a year buying educational content • Jurisdictions spend an additional $100 million to copyright collecting societies to use other people's content in the classroom • Schools copyright ecosystem is very complicated: free exceptions for certain uses and materials, compulsory licences or voluntary blanket licences for other types of materials and uses • The pressure on copyright licence fees is increasingly upwards with increased use of technology
- 4. COPYRIGHT LAWS AREOUTDATED AND INCONSISTENT • Outdated laws are holding back innovation in schools: laws designed in the age of the photocopier are not working in the age of the iPad, 3D printer and data/text mining.
- 5. AUSTRALIAN COPYRIGHT LAWS: COMPLEX,INFLEXIBLE & OUTDATED • Current copyright laws penalise teachers for using new technologies in Australian classrooms. • Complex mix of compulsory licences for educational use where non prejudicial/non consumptive and technical uses are remunerated alongside some free educational use exceptions. "Learning with iPads" by Michael Coghlan is licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 (https://www.flickr.com/photos/mikecogh/7691519996)
- 6. • Different copyrightrules apply depending on whether teachers use blackboards or interactive whiteboards. • Australian schools pay millions of dollars each year simply to use freely available Internet materials such as health fact sheets or overseas free teaching resources. AUSTRALIAN COPYRIGHT LAWS: COMPLEX, INFLEXIBLE & OUTDATED
- 7. AUSTRALIAN SCHOOLS PAYMILLIONS OF DOLLARS TO USE FREELY AVAILABLE INTERNET MATERIALS • Displaying a Spanish translation using a translation app to a Spanish class; • Taking screenshots of course offerings on a number of universities’ websites; • Telling students to print an information sheet on malaria from The Royal Commonwealth Society’s website; • Telling students to print a web page from the RSPCA’s website giving information about how to be an animal foster carer.
- 8. REAL LIFE EXAMPLES •Displaying an image of a cat on screen from www.petfinder.com.au; not free • Taking a screenshot of a website that compares times in different cities around the world; not free • Printing a factsheet on head lice from the Department of Health and Ageing’s website to hand out to students; not free • Taking a screenshot of a yellow raincoat from Bunnings website’s to include as a graphic in a PowerPoint presentation. not free
- 9. AUSTRALIAN COPYRIGHT EXCEPTIONSARE NOT FIT FOR THE DIGITAL AGE • Many traditional educational uses (such as playing a movie to students in a classroom) are no longer permitted or attract additional licence fees - if teachers choose to use digital technologies or provide online alternatives to traditional classroom activities instead of the older ‘chalk and talk’ approaches. • It is not clear what educational use of educational apps is allowed • Schools pay for the use of "Orphaned Works"
- 10. THE SOLUTION…. Open EducationalResources
- 11. OER ARE… teaching, learning,and research materials in any medium that reside in the public domain or have been released under an open licence that permits their free use and re- purposing by others.
- 12. OER – FUNDAMENTAL VALUES Resourcesare free for any individual to use Are licensed for unrestricted distribution Possibility of adaptation, translation, re-mix, and improvement.
- 13. OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES • Safer:free to reuse, remix, redistribute and adapt education resources without running the risk of breaching the complex copyright rules. • Internet compatible: it is better adapted to the Internet and the freedom which the Internet provides to copy, distribute, adapt and remix resources. • Enabler: enables educators to reuse, remix and adapt resources since the copyright owner has already given permission to everyone. • Accessible: over 1 billion CC-licensed works.
- 14. OPEN EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES • Collaborative:encourages collaboration and creates communities based on sharing of education resources • Cheaper: saves money on copyright fees and administrative costs of seeking permission and allows education resources to be shared freely online with very low transaction costs. • Equitable: offers equal access to knowledge for everyone and allows for education resources to be adapted for minorities and those with disabilities.
- 15. POLICY OBJECTIVES OFOER • Aligning OER to key educational challenges • Ensure sustainability of OER initiatives • Integrating OER into the whole of learning setting • Supporting teachers and learners • Saving costs in producing/purchasing content • Saving costs under Australia education statutory licences • Improving quality of educational resources • Reduces risk of copyright non compliance
- 16. HOW DO MATERIALSBECOME ‘OER’….
- 18. A simple, standardised way togrant copyright permissions to your creative work.
- 19. CC: HOW ITALL WORKS • CC creates a “some rights reserved” model. • The copyright owner retains copyright ownership in their work while inviting certain uses of their work by the public. • CC licences create choice and options for the copyright owner.
- 20. Attribution Non-Commercial No DerivativeWorks Share Alike STEP 1: CHOOSE YOUR LICENCE CONDITIONS
- 21. STEP 2: CHOOSEYOUR LICENCE
- 22. There are 4primary licence elements which are mixed to create a licence: Attribution – attribute the author Non-commercial – no commercial use No Derivative Works – no remixing ShareAlike – remix only if you let others remix See the CC information pack at: http://www.smartcopying.edu.au/scw/go/pid/956 CC PRIMARY LICENCE ELEMENTS
- 23. Attribution – sharealike Attribution – non-commercial share alike Attribution – non-commercial – no derivatives Attribution Attribution - non-commercial Attribution - no derivatives SIX STANDARD CC LICENCES
- 24. Licence Type LicenceConditions Attribution Freely use, copy, adapt and distribute to anyone provided the copyright owner is attributed. Attribution No Derivatives Freely use, copy and distribute to anyone but only in original form. The copyright owner must be attributed. Attribution Share Alike Freely use, copy, adapt and distribute provided the new work is licensed under the same terms as the original work. The copyright owner must be attributed. CC LICENCES
- 25. CC LICENCES Licence TypeLicence Conditions Attribution Non Commercial Freely use, copy, adapt and distribute for non- commercial purposes. The copyright owner must be attributed. Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives Freely use, copy and distribute verbatim copies of the original work for non-commercial purposes. The copyright owner must be attributed. Attribution Non Commercial Share Alike Freely use, copy, adapt and distribute for non- commercial purposes provided the new work is licensed under the same terms as the original work. The copyright owner must be attributed.
- 27. WHICH CC LICENCE? •CC BY is the recommended licence as allows for the greatest possible reuse of licensed material • CC BY ND (No Derivatives) is not recommended as it prevents others from making adaptations • CC BY NC (Non Commercial) is also not recommended as it restricts further use and may not be useable by the non-government school sector. Teaching resources can be sold on a cost recovery basis under CC BY
- 28. OVER 1 BILLIONITEMS CC BY – C Green 2011
- 29. BEST WAY TOFIND CC MATERIALS The new CC Search: https://ccsearch.creativecommons.org/
- 30.
- 31. BENEFITS OF CCLICENSED RESOURCES • Essential to manage copyright licence fees • Reduces the risk of copyright infringement; • Enables wider sharing and reuse of teaching and learning resources by parents, teachers, students, schools and administering bodies; • Does not prevent administering bodies from cost recovery and commercialisation activities. It guarantees resources committed to the development of OER materials can be recouped by commercialisation or cost recovery if desired; • Allows students, teachers, parents and administering bodies to share, adapt and use without fear of copyright infringement;
- 32. BENEFITS OF CCLICENSED RESOURCES • Schools can do more with OER as not limited to copying/usage limits • Enables parents of disadvantaged students or students with learning difficulties to have access to resources outside of the school setting, to improve their students educational outcomes; • Provides a better return to taxpayers; • Brings Australia into alignment with other developed countries, such as the United States, that have already mandated adoption of OER; and • Implementation and adoption of a national OER policy will support the aims of the Smartcopying Report: to manage and control the costs of print and digital copying at the school system level while still providing appropriate access to materials that support desired educational outcomes.
- 33. OER AND CCIN AUSTRALIA • Australia is one of the signatories of the Paris Declaration on Open Education Resources • All Australian Departments of Education to licence their websites and publications under CC BY 4.0 where possible. • The non- government school sector is also beginning to license their learning resources under CC licenses to ensure wider sharing. • The Australian Schools sector is actively encouraged to use OER in preference to closed publicly funded educational resources. See http://www.smartcopying.edu.au/open- education/open-education-resources.
- 34. OER AND CCIMPLEMENTATION – ISSUES IN AUSTRALIA • Other countries are moving ahead and Australia is falling behind – for example, US’ GoOpen campaign and EU’s Opening Up Education initiative • Lack of Australian produced OER means teachers are forced to use OER predominantly from the US rather than Australian funded resources. • The Australian Government has joined the Open Government Partnership, but has yet to include OER in a national action plan. • Publicly funded resources must be openly licensed. Taxpayers are essentially paying for these materials twice: once when publicly funded resources are created and then again when they are used in schools.
- 35. OER is criticalbecause it facilities educational users that can otherwise be impossible – or overly costly- because of copyright restrictions.
- 36. OER: THE WAYOF THE FUTURE “In an era of limited resources, educators must figure out how to do more with fewer financial resources. One action that would improve school efficiency and financing is to have educational resources developed with taxpayer dollars be licensed under a creative commons license that would improve accessibility to instructional materials. Budget circumstances require schools to get more efficient, boost productivity, and make do with fewer financial resources. While this poses obvious problems for school districts, it also creates the possibility of making changes in business operations that are innovative and transformational.”
- 37. OER: THE WAYOF THE FUTURE “Technology, in particular the internet, must be fully exploited. Schools, universities and vocational and training institutions must increase access to education via open educational resources." “New technologies…together with globalisation and the emergence of new education providers, are radically changing the way people learn and teach. Open access to education resources offers an unprecedented opportunity to enhance both excellence and equity in education.”
- 38. USEFUL LINKS • OERin Australia • OER Toolkit for teachers, e learning and curriculum developers • Creative Commons Information Pack for teachers and students • Where to find CC licensed materials • Videos on OER
- 39. SMARTCOPYING WEBSITE • NationalCopyright Guidelines for Schools and TAFEs • Practical and simple information sheets and FAQs • Interactive teaching resources on copyright • Search the site for answers to your copyright questions www.smartcopying.edu.au
- 40. more information Delia Browne NationalCopyright Director National Copyright Unit delia.browne@det.nsw.edu.au +61 2 7814 1214