CSS Custom Properties (aka CSS Variable)

Oct 25, 20180 likes418 views

CSS custom properties, also known as CSS variables, allow authors to store reusable values that can be used throughout a document. Custom properties are defined with a double hyphen prefix like --main-color and accessed with the var() function like color: var(--main-color). They can be used to create reusable themes, dynamic UIs that respond to user input, and more accessible interfaces. CSS variables provide inheritance, fallbacks, and other advantages over preprocessors. They are supported in all modern browsers but polyfills exist for older environments.

CSS Custom Properties
Add Variables to Your CSS

“CSS Custom Properties” — @geoffrey_crofte 2
Geoffrey Crofte
geoffrey.crofte.fr
creativejuiz.fr
UX/UI Web Designer at Maltem (Foyer)
@geoffrey_crofte

“CSS Custom Properties” — @geoffrey_crofte
Overview
What are Custom Properties?
Quick start with CSS Variables.
Why CSS C.P. instead of Sass variables?
Use cases & Demos
Takeaways

What are Custom Properties?
CSS Variables
IIIIIIII

$color: #bada55;
@color: #bada55;
This not about…

This is more about…
http://bit.ly/csscurrentcolor

“CSS Custom Properties” — @geoffrey_crofte
A custom property is any
property whose name starts
with two dashes […] like --foo

“CSS Custom Properties” — @geoffrey_crofte
Custom properties are solely for
use by authors and users; CSS
will never give them a meaning
beyond what is presented here.

CSS Custom Properties (aka CSS Variable)

Custom properties define variables
Variables are referenced with the var() notation
They are Case-Sensitive
Their value is “extremely permissive”
What the Spec says…

Do the fu%€
you want with them.
In other words…

--variableName: value;
CSS Declaration
:root {
}

--variableName: value;
CSS Declaration
.element {
}

property: var(--variableName);
.element {
}
CSS Use

The main issue with Sass (or LESS) variables:
They have to be computed to get their value.
Computation

Why not pushing transformations directly in JavaScript?
Now you’re wondering…

Why not pushing transformations directly in JavaScript?
Now you’re wondering…
Maintainability / Portability 
style=“transform…” is dirty. Period.

Why not pushing transformations directly in JavaScript?
Now you’re wondering…
Maintainability / Portability 
style=“transform…” is dirty. Period. 
Inheritance 
style=“transform…” do not make --x and
--y inherited.

--variableName: value !important;
:root {
}
CSS Variables are CSS properties

--variableName: lolilol;
:root {
}
(kind of) Silent error

--spacing: 20;
:root {
}
You can’t “build up” values.
margin: var(--spacing)px;
:root {
}

--spacing: 20;
:root {
}
You can’t “build up” values.
margin: var(--spacing)px;
:root {
}
Doesn’t work

--spacing:;
:root {
}
Strange behaviour
--spacing: ;
:root {
}
Invalid
Valid
Yeah, that’s a space caracter.

Fallback value
var(--variableName, default);

Fallback value
Doesn’t support var()
Fallback is there

Fallback value
Doesn’t support var()
Fallback is there
--bgColor Value

Fallback value
Doesn’t support var()
Fallback is there
--bgColor Value
Transparent

Variable as Fallback
var(--var1, var(--var2, default));

Variable as Fallback
var(--var1, var(--var2, var(--var3,
var(--var4, var(--var5,
default)))));

@supports (color: var(--)) {
…
}
Support Testing

Polyfills
https://github.com/aaronbarker/css-variables-polyfill

“CSS Custom Properties” — @geoffrey_crofte
Some resources
CSS Variable Secrets (Lea Verou Smashing Conf. 2017)
CSS Custom Properties (CCSWG W3C documentation)
CSS Mouse Tracking Gradient (Gradient on Text demonstration)
CSS Variable Tutorials (A series of 4 short videos about CSS Variables)

“CSS Custom Properties” — @geoffrey_crofte 55
Geoffrey Crofte
geoffrey.crofte.fr
creativejuiz.fr
UX/UI Web Designer at Maltem (Foyer)
@geoffrey_crofte

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CSS Custom Properties (aka CSS Variable)

1. CSS Custom Properties Add Variables to Your CSS

2. “CSS Custom Properties” — @geoffrey_crofte 2 Geoffrey Crofte geoffrey.crofte.fr creativejuiz.fr UX/UI Web Designer at Maltem (Foyer) @geoffrey_crofte

3. “CSS Custom Properties” — @geoffrey_crofte Overview What are Custom Properties? Quick start with CSS Variables. Why CSS C.P. instead of Sass variables? Use cases & Demos Takeaways

4. What are Custom Properties?

5. What are Custom Properties? CSS Variables IIIIIIII

6. $color: #bada55; @color: #bada55; This not about…

7. This is more about… http://bit.ly/csscurrentcolor

8. This is more about… http://bit.ly/csscurrentcolor

9. currentColor But this is not about…

10. “CSS Custom Properties” — @geoffrey_crofte A custom property is any property whose name starts with two dashes […] like --foo

11. “CSS Custom Properties” — @geoffrey_crofte Custom properties are solely for use by authors and users; CSS will never give them a meaning beyond what is presented here.

12. “CSS Custom Properties” — @geoffrey_crofte Custom properties are solely for use by authors and users; CSS will never give them a meaning beyond what is presented here.

14. Custom properties define variables Variables are referenced with the var() notation They are Case-Sensitive Their value is “extremely permissive” What the Spec says…

15. Do the fu%€ you want with them. In other words…

16. How to use CSS Variables?

17. --variableName: value; CSS Declaration :root { }

18. --variableName: value; CSS Declaration .element { }

19. property: var(--variableName); .element { } CSS Use

20. Quick Example of use

21. Why CSS instead of Sass Variables?

22. The main issue with Sass (or LESS) variables: They have to be computed to get their value. Computation

23. CSS Variables are alive

24. JavaScript can access them

25. Media Queries ❤ CSS Variables

26. Media Queries ❤ CSS Variables

27. CSS Variables are inherited

28. CSS Variables are inherited

29. CSS Variables are inherited

30. CSS Variables are inherited

31. Demos & Use Cases

32. http://bit.ly/cssvargradient

33. Mouse position

34. CSS Transformation

35. CSS Transformation

36. CSS Transformation

37. CSS Transformation

38. CSS Transformation

39. CSS Transformation

40. CSS Transformation

41. Why not pushing transformations directly in JavaScript? Now you’re wondering…

42. Why not pushing transformations directly in JavaScript? Now you’re wondering…

43. Why not pushing transformations directly in JavaScript? Now you’re wondering… Maintainability / Portability  style=“transform…” is dirty. Period. 

44. Why not pushing transformations directly in JavaScript? Now you’re wondering… Maintainability / Portability  style=“transform…” is dirty. Period.  Inheritance  style=“transform…” do not make --x and --y inherited.

45. Why not pushing transformations directly in JavaScript? Now you’re wondering… Maintainability / Portability  style=“transform…” is dirty. Period.  Inheritance  style=“transform…” do not make --x and --y inherited. It’s a philosophy  CSS is for styling. JS is not. 

46. Why not pushing transformations directly in JavaScript? Now you’re wondering… Maintainability / Portability  style=“transform…” is dirty. Period.  Inheritance  style=“transform…” do not make --x and --y inherited. It’s a philosophy  CSS is for styling. JS is not.  Futur proof  Let the CSS engine handle that part.

47. http://bit.ly/cssvargradient2

48. CSS Transformation

49. Themable interfaces

50. Themable interfaces

51. Themable interfaces

52. Themable interfaces

53. Themable interfaces

54. Accessibility Example

55. Accessibility Example

56. Responsive

57. Responsive

58. Further Takeaways

59. --variableName: value !important; :root { } CSS Variables are CSS properties

60. --variableName: lolilol; :root { } (kind of) Silent error

61. --spacing: 20; :root { } You can’t “build up” values. margin: var(--spacing)px; :root { }

62. --spacing: 20; :root { } You can’t “build up” values. margin: var(--spacing)px; :root { } Doesn’t work

63. --spacing:; :root { } Strange behaviour --spacing: ; :root { } Invalid Valid Yeah, that’s a space caracter.

64. Fallback value var(--variableName, default);

65. Fallback value

66. Fallback value Doesn’t support var()

67. Fallback value Doesn’t support var() Fallback is there

68. Fallback value Doesn’t support var() Fallback is there

69. Fallback value Doesn’t support var() Fallback is there --bgColor Value

70. Fallback value Doesn’t support var() Fallback is there --bgColor Value

71. Fallback value Doesn’t support var() Fallback is there --bgColor Value Transparent

72. Variable as Fallback var(--var1, var(--var2, default));

73. Variable as Fallback var(--var1, var(--var2, var(--var3, var(--var4, var(--var5, default)))));

74. You can’t cycle with variables

75. You can’t cycle with variables

76. @supports (color: var(--)) { … } Support Testing

77. Compatibility

78. Polyfills https://github.com/aaronbarker/css-variables-polyfill

79. “CSS Custom Properties” — @geoffrey_crofte Some resources CSS Variable Secrets (Lea Verou Smashing Conf. 2017) CSS Custom Properties (CCSWG W3C documentation) CSS Mouse Tracking Gradient (Gradient on Text demonstration) CSS Variable Tutorials (A series of 4 short videos about CSS Variables)

80. Thanks!

81. “CSS Custom Properties” — @geoffrey_crofte 55 Geoffrey Crofte geoffrey.crofte.fr creativejuiz.fr UX/UI Web Designer at Maltem (Foyer) @geoffrey_crofte

CSS Custom Properties (aka CSS Variable)

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