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and
today you got all you need in HTML ,CSS, andJavaScript
in just one document....
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The document provides an introduction to HTML basics including HTML document structure, common tags, and formatting. It discusses the <!DOCTYPE> declaration, <head> and <body> sections, common text formatting tags, headings, paragraphs, comments, and includes code examples.
The document provides an overview of HTML and CSS, covering topics such as the structure of an HTML document, HTML tags, CSS, and how to create a basic webpage. It discusses what HTML and CSS are, why they are needed, popular HTML tags, and gives examples of adding CSS to an HTML document. It also provides a hands-on tutorial showing how to build a simple website covering HTML basics and using CSS for styling.
This document provides an introduction to HTML document structure. It discusses the <!DOCTYPE> declaration, <head> and <body> sections, common text formatting tags, hyperlinks using the <a> tag, and linking to other sections of the same document. Examples are included to demonstrate various HTML elements, tags, and attributes.
This document provides an introduction to HTML and CSS. It discusses what HTML and CSS are used for, with HTML defining the content or structure of a document and CSS controlling the style. It outlines some of the most important HTML elements like <div>, <span>, <p>, and <h1-h6> and how they are used. It also introduces new HTML5 elements like <header>, <nav>, <section>, <article>, and <aside>. The document then discusses CSS selectors for targeting elements, properties for changing elements, and values. It notes that browsers have default styling and custom properties. Finally, it encourages keeping CSS simple and mentions available frameworks.
HTML stands for Hyper Text Mark-up Language and CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheet. HTML 5 is the latest utility programming language. There is no big difference between HTML and HTML5. Copy the link given below and paste it in new browser window to get more information on HTML CSS:- www.transtutors.com/homework-help/computer-science/html-css.aspx
This document provides an overview of HTML and CSS topics including:
- A brief history of HTML and CSS standards from 1990 to present.
- Descriptions of common HTML elements like <body>, <head>, <img>, <a>, and lists.
- Explanations of CSS concepts like selectors, properties, units, positioning, and layout fundamentals.
- Details on CSS topics like the box model, centering content, semantic HTML, and flexbox.
The document serves as a course outline or reference for learning HTML and CSS fundamentals.
This document discusses HTML and CSS. It provides an overview of HTML, describing it as a markup language used to define web pages using tags. It gives examples of basic HTML tags and page structure. It also covers CSS, explaining that CSS is used to style and lay out HTML elements, including different ways of inserting CSS like inline, internal, and external stylesheets. The document provides examples of HTML code and CSS code.
This document provides an introduction to HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. It defines HTML as the standard markup language for creating web pages using tags to describe structure. CSS is described as using cascading style sheets to describe how HTML elements are displayed, and can be applied internally, inline, or via external stylesheets. JavaScript is defined as an interpreted scripting language that can display data in alerts, by writing to the HTML output or browser console, or modifying HTML elements.
This document provides instructions for creating and editing basic HTML and CSS files using Notepad on Windows. It outlines 5 steps: 1) open Notepad, 2) save the file with an .html or .css extension, 3) view the web page by double-clicking the HTML file, 4) edit files by double-clicking to open in Notepad, and 5) save edited files using File > Save.
The document provides an introduction to basic HTML tags and concepts. It begins with an overview of HTML as a markup language and covers common tags such as headings, paragraphs, links, and images. It then discusses HTML page structure using tags like <html>, <head>, <body>, and the <DOCTYPE> declaration. The document also covers other important topics such as attributes, headings, comments, text formatting, links, tables, lists, forms, and basic page layouts using <div> tags. Throughout, it provides examples to illustrate each concept and refers the reader to external resources for more details.
HTML & CSS are languages used to structure and style web pages. HTML provides the content structure using elements, tags, and attributes. CSS controls the style and layout using selectors, properties, and values. Some common HTML terms include elements, tags, and attributes. A basic HTML document structure includes DOCTYPE, html, head, title, and body tags. CSS can be used to style HTML elements by selecting them with tags, classes, IDs and applying properties like color, font-size, background, and more.
This document provides an introduction to HTML and CSS for frontend development. It begins with an overview of the instructor and goals of the course. Key concepts of HTML like tags, elements, and attributes are explained. CSS topics covered include selectors, properties, values, and layout techniques like positioning. Code examples and exercises are provided to demonstrate and practice the concepts. The document encourages continued learning and offers additional resources through Thinkful.
This document provides an overview of basic HTML structure and elements. It discusses what HTML is, how it uses markup tags to describe web page structure with elements like headings, paragraphs, and links. It also covers HTML syntax and documents, how to structure a basic HTML page with tags for the root, head, title, and body. The document demonstrates using block and inline elements and attributes to build out web pages. It provides examples of different text formatting tags and tags for things like quotes, lines, and comments.
Lee Lundrigan is giving a lecture on introducing HTML and CSS. He discusses XML, the foundation of HTML, and basic HTML tags like paragraphs, headings, lists and links. The class will cover HTML and CSS basics but not advanced topics like HTML5, CSS3 or cross-browser compatibility. Students are assigned homework to create an HTML page with images, text and links and read about well-formed XML.
What is HTML - An Introduction to HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)Ahsan Rahim
Â
What is HTML?
HTML stands for "Hypertext Markup Language". A standardized system for tagging text files to achieve font, colour, graphic, and hyperlink effects on World Wide Web pages.
Hypertext Markup Language is the standard markup language for creating the Web pages and Web Applications. With Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) & JavaScript for creating World Wide Web pages.
HTML is a computer language devised to allow website creation. These websites can then be viewed by anyone else connected to the Internet.
HTML is relatively easy to learn & it consists of a series of short codes typed into a text-file by the site author â these are the tags. The text is then saved as a html file, and viewed through a browser.
This is Part 1 of a two-lecture series on implementing HTML. I created this lecture in an effort to keep my design students from "fearing the code" they encounter in an introductory level course to Dreamweaver and Web Site design.
The document provides an agenda for a workshop on HTML, CSS, and putting them together. It covers HTML topics like semantic tags, comments, and best practices. It then discusses CSS topics such as IDs vs classes, floats, shorthand, and putting HTML and CSS together with project structure and layouts. The workshop aims to give an introduction to HTML, CSS, and how to structure websites using these languages.
The document provides an overview of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) including:
1) HTML is a markup language used to describe web pages using tags to structure content like headings, paragraphs, lists, links, images and tables.
2) Various HTML tags are described like <h1>-<h6> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, <b> for bold, <i> for italic, and <a> for links.
3) Additional HTML concepts covered include internal and external CSS, meta tags, images, tables, frames, iframes and cascading style sheets (CSS) for styling content.
about this presentation:
1) this presentation was a quickie for non-tech employees, who wanted a basic understanding of html/css, as it related to a white-label SAAS product;
2) the back-end/front-end definitions relate to the specific application (it's inaccurate if node.js is in the picture)
This document provides an overview of an HTML and CSS crash course, including:
- Introductions and goals of learning frontend development concepts
- Explanations of HTML tags, elements, and attributes
- Explanations of CSS selectors, properties, values, and basic layout techniques
- Examples and drills for applying HTML and CSS concepts
- A positioning exercise for further practice with CSS layout
The document guides students through building their first website and provides resources for continuing to learn frontend development on their own.
The document provides an overview of HTML 5 including:
- HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language and is the core markup language used to structure web pages.
- Common IDEs and browsers for developing HTML include Notepad, Visual Studio Code, Chrome, and Firefox.
- Key HTML elements include <html>, <head>, <body>, <div>, <p>, <img>, <a>, <ul>, <ol>, <table>, and <form>.
- Attributes like class, id, and src are used to provide additional information and functionality.
- HTML allows adding headings, text formatting, comments, links, images, videos, and tables to structure and design web pages.
Äạng Minh TuẼn presents best practices for HTML and CSS. He outlines 10 rules: make code skinable, sensible, simple, semantic, fast, standard-compliant, safe with fallbacks, well-structured, continually studied, and smart about breaking rules when needed. The presentation provides examples of good and bad code for each rule and emphasizes separating structure from style using CSS over HTML attributes.
HTML is a markup language used to define the structure and layout of web pages. It uses tags like <h1> and <p> to mark headings and paragraphs. CSS is used to style and lay out HTML elements, using selectors, declarations, and properties to change things like colors and positioning. JavaScript can be added to HTML pages with <script> tags and is used to add interactive elements and dynamic behavior by manipulating HTML and responding to user input. It has data types like strings and numbers and control structures like if/else statements.
This document provides an introduction and overview of HTML and related web technologies. It begins with an explanation of the internet and World Wide Web, then defines key concepts like URLs, DNS, IP addresses, and HTTP. It proceeds to explain the difference between server-side and client-side coding. The document then covers the basic structure of an HTML document using tags like <html>, <head>, and <body>. It defines common text-level, structural, and media tags. Finally, it discusses relative vs. absolute links and the default styling applied by browsers.
The document provides an introduction to HTML basics including text, images, tables and forms. It covers the structure of an HTML document with the <head> and <body> sections. It describes common tags for headings, paragraphs, hyperlinks and images. It also discusses attributes, comments, and different ways to style and format text in HTML. The document is intended to teach HTML fundamentals.
These are the slides from my Intro to HTML talk that I gave for Trade School Indy on 12 Feb, 2014.
More information posted at http://randyoest.com/html/ or follow me on Twitter at @amazingrando.
Slides from 'Back to Basics' quarterly theme presentation @Version 1 covering: general front-end best practice guidelines,HTML markup, CSS, Java Script, Accessibility, Performance, Cross-browser compatibility, Code Reviews and Tools & resources
The document provides an introduction to HTML basics, including:
- The structure of an HTML document with <head> and <body> sections
- Common tags for headings, paragraphs, links, and text formatting
- How to add images, hyperlinks, and sections to an HTML page
- Examples of creating a basic HTML page and using various tags
This document provides an introduction to HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. It defines HTML as the standard markup language for creating web pages using tags to describe structure. CSS is described as using cascading style sheets to describe how HTML elements are displayed, and can be applied internally, inline, or via external stylesheets. JavaScript is defined as an interpreted scripting language that can display data in alerts, by writing to the HTML output or browser console, or modifying HTML elements.
This document provides instructions for creating and editing basic HTML and CSS files using Notepad on Windows. It outlines 5 steps: 1) open Notepad, 2) save the file with an .html or .css extension, 3) view the web page by double-clicking the HTML file, 4) edit files by double-clicking to open in Notepad, and 5) save edited files using File > Save.
The document provides an introduction to basic HTML tags and concepts. It begins with an overview of HTML as a markup language and covers common tags such as headings, paragraphs, links, and images. It then discusses HTML page structure using tags like <html>, <head>, <body>, and the <DOCTYPE> declaration. The document also covers other important topics such as attributes, headings, comments, text formatting, links, tables, lists, forms, and basic page layouts using <div> tags. Throughout, it provides examples to illustrate each concept and refers the reader to external resources for more details.
HTML & CSS are languages used to structure and style web pages. HTML provides the content structure using elements, tags, and attributes. CSS controls the style and layout using selectors, properties, and values. Some common HTML terms include elements, tags, and attributes. A basic HTML document structure includes DOCTYPE, html, head, title, and body tags. CSS can be used to style HTML elements by selecting them with tags, classes, IDs and applying properties like color, font-size, background, and more.
This document provides an introduction to HTML and CSS for frontend development. It begins with an overview of the instructor and goals of the course. Key concepts of HTML like tags, elements, and attributes are explained. CSS topics covered include selectors, properties, values, and layout techniques like positioning. Code examples and exercises are provided to demonstrate and practice the concepts. The document encourages continued learning and offers additional resources through Thinkful.
This document provides an overview of basic HTML structure and elements. It discusses what HTML is, how it uses markup tags to describe web page structure with elements like headings, paragraphs, and links. It also covers HTML syntax and documents, how to structure a basic HTML page with tags for the root, head, title, and body. The document demonstrates using block and inline elements and attributes to build out web pages. It provides examples of different text formatting tags and tags for things like quotes, lines, and comments.
Lee Lundrigan is giving a lecture on introducing HTML and CSS. He discusses XML, the foundation of HTML, and basic HTML tags like paragraphs, headings, lists and links. The class will cover HTML and CSS basics but not advanced topics like HTML5, CSS3 or cross-browser compatibility. Students are assigned homework to create an HTML page with images, text and links and read about well-formed XML.
What is HTML - An Introduction to HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)Ahsan Rahim
Â
What is HTML?
HTML stands for "Hypertext Markup Language". A standardized system for tagging text files to achieve font, colour, graphic, and hyperlink effects on World Wide Web pages.
Hypertext Markup Language is the standard markup language for creating the Web pages and Web Applications. With Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) & JavaScript for creating World Wide Web pages.
HTML is a computer language devised to allow website creation. These websites can then be viewed by anyone else connected to the Internet.
HTML is relatively easy to learn & it consists of a series of short codes typed into a text-file by the site author â these are the tags. The text is then saved as a html file, and viewed through a browser.
This is Part 1 of a two-lecture series on implementing HTML. I created this lecture in an effort to keep my design students from "fearing the code" they encounter in an introductory level course to Dreamweaver and Web Site design.
The document provides an agenda for a workshop on HTML, CSS, and putting them together. It covers HTML topics like semantic tags, comments, and best practices. It then discusses CSS topics such as IDs vs classes, floats, shorthand, and putting HTML and CSS together with project structure and layouts. The workshop aims to give an introduction to HTML, CSS, and how to structure websites using these languages.
The document provides an overview of HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) including:
1) HTML is a markup language used to describe web pages using tags to structure content like headings, paragraphs, lists, links, images and tables.
2) Various HTML tags are described like <h1>-<h6> for headings, <p> for paragraphs, <b> for bold, <i> for italic, and <a> for links.
3) Additional HTML concepts covered include internal and external CSS, meta tags, images, tables, frames, iframes and cascading style sheets (CSS) for styling content.
about this presentation:
1) this presentation was a quickie for non-tech employees, who wanted a basic understanding of html/css, as it related to a white-label SAAS product;
2) the back-end/front-end definitions relate to the specific application (it's inaccurate if node.js is in the picture)
This document provides an overview of an HTML and CSS crash course, including:
- Introductions and goals of learning frontend development concepts
- Explanations of HTML tags, elements, and attributes
- Explanations of CSS selectors, properties, values, and basic layout techniques
- Examples and drills for applying HTML and CSS concepts
- A positioning exercise for further practice with CSS layout
The document guides students through building their first website and provides resources for continuing to learn frontend development on their own.
The document provides an overview of HTML 5 including:
- HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language and is the core markup language used to structure web pages.
- Common IDEs and browsers for developing HTML include Notepad, Visual Studio Code, Chrome, and Firefox.
- Key HTML elements include <html>, <head>, <body>, <div>, <p>, <img>, <a>, <ul>, <ol>, <table>, and <form>.
- Attributes like class, id, and src are used to provide additional information and functionality.
- HTML allows adding headings, text formatting, comments, links, images, videos, and tables to structure and design web pages.
Äạng Minh TuẼn presents best practices for HTML and CSS. He outlines 10 rules: make code skinable, sensible, simple, semantic, fast, standard-compliant, safe with fallbacks, well-structured, continually studied, and smart about breaking rules when needed. The presentation provides examples of good and bad code for each rule and emphasizes separating structure from style using CSS over HTML attributes.
HTML is a markup language used to define the structure and layout of web pages. It uses tags like <h1> and <p> to mark headings and paragraphs. CSS is used to style and lay out HTML elements, using selectors, declarations, and properties to change things like colors and positioning. JavaScript can be added to HTML pages with <script> tags and is used to add interactive elements and dynamic behavior by manipulating HTML and responding to user input. It has data types like strings and numbers and control structures like if/else statements.
This document provides an introduction and overview of HTML and related web technologies. It begins with an explanation of the internet and World Wide Web, then defines key concepts like URLs, DNS, IP addresses, and HTTP. It proceeds to explain the difference between server-side and client-side coding. The document then covers the basic structure of an HTML document using tags like <html>, <head>, and <body>. It defines common text-level, structural, and media tags. Finally, it discusses relative vs. absolute links and the default styling applied by browsers.
The document provides an introduction to HTML basics including text, images, tables and forms. It covers the structure of an HTML document with the <head> and <body> sections. It describes common tags for headings, paragraphs, hyperlinks and images. It also discusses attributes, comments, and different ways to style and format text in HTML. The document is intended to teach HTML fundamentals.
These are the slides from my Intro to HTML talk that I gave for Trade School Indy on 12 Feb, 2014.
More information posted at http://randyoest.com/html/ or follow me on Twitter at @amazingrando.
Slides from 'Back to Basics' quarterly theme presentation @Version 1 covering: general front-end best practice guidelines,HTML markup, CSS, Java Script, Accessibility, Performance, Cross-browser compatibility, Code Reviews and Tools & resources
The document provides an introduction to HTML basics, including:
- The structure of an HTML document with <head> and <body> sections
- Common tags for headings, paragraphs, links, and text formatting
- How to add images, hyperlinks, and sections to an HTML page
- Examples of creating a basic HTML page and using various tags
This document lists various skills and techniques involved in web design including graphic design, interface design, user experience design, search engine optimization, front end and back end development, programming languages like HTML, Java Script, CSS and PHP. It also mentions trends in web design like parallax, responsive design, SVG, interactive and ghost buttons. The document indicates that web designers use different tools depending on their role and lists skills like marketing, communication design, user experience design, page layout, typography, motion graphics and quality of code.
Learn about web development, MVC frameworks, CRUD applications. Learn about Git, Github and Heroku, and how to create a basic Ruby on Rails web application.
We are born collaborators. As children weâre taught to share our toys, take turns on the playground, and, perhaps most powerful, use our imagination. These fundamental skills transcend from the playground to the classroom, and later into the workplace.
Overtime, though, we lose the spark once had on the playground. Innovation comes at the cost of time and frustration, and workplace collaboration becomes unproductive. It doesnât have to, and shouldnât, be this way.
Within this workshop weâll cover collaboration in detail, outlining practices to help strengthen communication, establish understood roles, self-selected leaders, and work together. Collaboration shouldnât be futile and a few simple practices can make all the difference in increasing team productivity and happiness.
As a river flows from its source to its mouth, changes take place in its morphology and landforms. In the upper course, waterfalls and rapids form where the gradient suddenly changes. Potholes are carved by turbulent water. Meanders develop from sediment bars and cause lateral stream migration. Oxbow lakes are left when meanders are cut off. In lowlands, flooding leads to levees, floodplains and deltas where deposition exceeds removal of sediment at the river's mouth. A variety of landforms result from erosion and depositional processes along a river's course.
This document provides an introduction and overview of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for web development. It covers the basics of each language, including common tags and elements in HTML, syntax and selectors in CSS, and how to incorporate JavaScript in HTML pages. It also discusses tools used for web development and lists learning resources for further studying HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
This document discusses various electronic communication systems including amplitude modulation (AM) and frequency modulation (FM) transmitters and receivers. It provides block diagrams and circuit implementations of basic AM transmitters using a transistor modulator. It also covers AM receivers using diode and synchronous detectors. For FM it discusses varactor diode modulation, direct and phase locked loop transmitters as well as FM receiver designs using slope detection. Circuit simulations and output waveforms are presented for several of the communication system examples.
Ruby on Rails is a web application framework that is designed to make programming web applications easier and more enjoyable. It includes features like an object-relational mapper called Active Record that allows database rows to be represented as objects, conventions that reduce configuration, and support for test-driven development. Rails is built on Ruby, an interpreted object-oriented programming language, and aims to be programmer friendly and allow powerful applications to be built quickly. Several experts praise Rails for lowering the barriers to entry for programming and being a well-thought-out framework.
This document discusses developing mobile web apps using HTML5, jQuery, and PhoneGap/Apache Cordova. It covers the hybrid approach of using HTML/CSS/JavaScript for the front-end and PhoneGap to package it as a native mobile app. Tools mentioned include Apache Cordova, Node.js, Eclipse, and Xcode. It provides an overview of key topics to be covered in subsequent days, such as the mobile web page structure using jQuery Mobile, connecting to online databases using PHP and MySQL, and building apps with PhoneGap Build.
Yes, Designer, You CAN Be a Product LeaderShay Howe
Â
There are many different ways to get into product leadership, and as a designer you are better suited than most. You have a knack for details, problem solving, and organization. And those skills, believe it or not, make you better suited to get your start in product leadership than many other career paths.
Over the course of my career Iâve been a designer, front-end engineer, and now, most recently, a product leader. Iâm ready to demystify what it takes to become a product leader, share the steps I took, and provide advice so that you too may jump into product.
Itâs not a journey without itâs struggles but itâs ripe with opportunity and enjoyment!
HTML and CSS can be a little daunting at first. This workshop covers the basics, breaks down the barrier to entry and shows you how you can start using HTML and CSS now.
This afternoon I gave a very short introduction to computer programming at Trade School (tradeschool.ourgoods.org). I used JavaScript to illustrate the process of learning how to program, mainly because there's nothing to install and it has many practical uses.
You've been tasked with developing a new front end feature. HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are nothing new to you, in fact you even know a few tricks to get this feature out the door. It doesn't take you long and the code works like a charm, yet you have a looming suspicion that some of the code might not be up to par. You're likely right, and you're definitely better than that.
We often write code without paying attention to the bigger picture, or overall code base. Upon stepping back we notice areas of duplicate code, ripe for refactoring. It's time to build more modular front ends, focusing on the reusability of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, and to take maintainability to heart.
This document summarizes a knowledge sharing session on HTML and CSS basics. It covers topics like HTML tags and structures, CSS rules and selectors, the CSS box model, positioning, sprites, and hacks for dealing with browser inconsistencies. The session introduced fundamental concepts for using HTML to structure content and CSS for styling and layout, providing examples for common tags, selectors, properties and techniques. It aimed to give attendees an overview of the core building blocks of HTML and CSS.
The document provides an overview of HTML, CSS, JavaScript and jQuery. It describes what each technology is, examples of common tags and syntax, and how they are used together. HTML is a markup language used to define the structure and layout of web pages using tags. CSS is used to style and lay out HTML elements, and can be linked externally or embedded internally or inline. JavaScript can be used to add interactive elements and dynamic behavior to HTML pages client-side. jQuery is a JavaScript library that simplifies tasks like HTML document traversal and manipulation, events, animations and Ajax.
Transform SharePoint default list forms with HTML, CSS and JavaScriptJohn Calvert
Â
This document discusses transforming SharePoint list forms by customizing the out-of-the-box forms using HTML, CSS and JavaScript. It presents three approaches to customizing the forms: styling the existing forms, using a custom HTML table layout, and using a custom tab layout. It demonstrates moving fields from the default forms into the custom forms using JavaScript. The approaches allow creating attractive, customized forms without requiring advanced tools like SharePoint Designer.
- HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are becoming the new standard for building applications and interactive experiences on the web.
- Best practices include using semantic HTML, clean CSS with a focus on maintainability, and JavaScript performance optimizations.
- Key techniques discussed are image sprites, progressive enhancement, and jQuery selector chaining to reduce DOM lookups.
Introduction to Ruby and Introduction to Ruby on Rails basic concepts for beginners. The google presentation is even better in full screen https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1EE0VuB_PkD2-8j5JNs6CUQHb4J9ToIgC7-IxYTojiS0/pub?start=false&loop=false&delayms=3000#slide=id.p
This document provides an introduction to HTML document structure. It discusses the <!DOCTYPE> declaration, <head> and <body> sections, common text formatting tags, hyperlinks using the <a> tag, and comments. Examples are provided to illustrate HTML elements, tags, and attributes. The document aims to explain basic HTML structure and elements in depth for creating web pages.
This document provides an introduction to HTML document structure and formatting. It discusses the basic structure of an HTML document including the <!DOCTYPE>, <head>, and <body> sections. It also covers common text formatting tags such as <b>, <i>, <u> and others. The document uses examples to demonstrate how to properly structure an HTML document and apply basic formatting tags.
This document provides an introduction to HTML document structure and formatting. It discusses the basic structure of an HTML document including the <!DOCTYPE>, <head>, and <body> sections. It also covers common text formatting tags such as <b>, <i>, <u> and others. The document uses examples to demonstrate how to properly structure an HTML document and apply basic formatting tags.
This document provides an introduction to HTML basics including document structure, tags, elements, and common text formatting elements. It discusses the structure of an HTML document with the <head> and <body> sections. The <head> section contains metadata about the page like the <title>. The <body> contains the visible page content and supports headings, paragraphs, and divisions. It also covers basic text formatting tags and provides code examples to demonstrate HTML pages.
The document provides an introduction to HTML basics, including:
- How the web works using a client-server model with HTTP as the request-response protocol.
- The structure of an HTML page, which contains text marked up with tags to describe its semantic structure and formatting.
- The main sections of an HTML document - the <head> for metadata and <body> for visible content. The <head> includes the <title> and can contain <meta>, <script>, <style> tags.
- Common text formatting tags like <b>, <i>, <em>, headings like <h1>-<h6>, and block elements like <p> and <div>.
The document provides recommendations for HTML study materials including books and introduces basic HTML concepts like page structure, tags, and common elements. It discusses the <head> and <body> sections, formatting text, inserting images and links, and organizing content with headings and paragraphs in under 3 sentences.
HTML is a markup language used to describe and structure web pages. It uses tags to define headings, paragraphs, links, images, and other content. An HTML file contains a head and body section. The head contains meta information about the page like the title. The body contains the visible page content. Common tags include headings, paragraphs, links, images, and divs to group content. Attributes provide extra information about elements.
The document provides an introduction to HTML basics including the structure of an HTML document and common tags. It discusses the <head> and <body> sections, with the <head> containing metadata like the <title> and optional <meta>, <script>, and <style> tags. The <body> contains the visible page content and supports text formatting, hyperlinks, images, lists, and divisions/spans.
The document provides an introduction to HTML basics, including:
- HTML document structure with <head> and <body> sections
- Common tags like headings, paragraphs, hyperlinks and images
- Attributes that can be added to tags
- How to add comments and formatting to text
- Examples of basic HTML pages using different tags
The document provides an introduction to HTML basics, including:
- HTML uses a client-server architecture with HTTP to deliver web pages as text files containing HTML tags
- HTML tags provide semantic structure and formatting for web page content, with opening and closing tags wrapping elements like paragraphs, headings, and images
- Simple HTML pages can be created with a text editor and include the basic <html>, <head>, <body> structure along with common text and image elements
The document discusses HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), the standard markup language used to create web pages. It provides an overview of HTML, including that HTML uses tags to identify and structure content, allows for embedding of multimedia, and is an evolving standard maintained by the W3C. Key HTML elements are described such as the <head> and <body> tags which define the document structure, and other common tags for text formatting, lists, links, images and tables.
Girl Develop It Cincinnati: Intro to HTML/CSS Class 1Erin M. Kidwell
Â
Here is some basic HTML code with <html>, <body>, <h1>, <h2>, and <p> tags:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>My First Webpage</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>This is a Main Heading</h1>
<h2>This is a Subheading</h2>
<p>This is a paragraph of text.</p>
</body>
</html>
This document provides an overview of an HTML development course taught by Syed Ali. The course covers topics such as HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, Bootstrap, jQuery, and NodeJS. It then goes on to describe key HTML elements such as headings, paragraphs, links, images, lists, forms, and tables. It also covers attributes, styles, multimedia like video and audio, and the structure of an HTML document.
This class covers basic HTML tags and terminology. The instructor introduces common HTML tags like <html>, <head>, <title>, <body>, <p>, <h1-h6>, <strong>, and <a> and explains how they are used. Students learn about HTML elements, self-closing tags, and attributes. The goal is for students to understand basic HTML terms and structure, know common tags, and be able to build a simple HTML page by the end of the class.
Visual studio ide componects dot net framworkDipen Parmar
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The document describes the main components of the Visual Studio IDE. It discusses the various menus including File, Edit, View, Project, Build, Format, Data, Tools, Window, and Help. It also covers the main windows of the IDE like the Toolbox Window, Solution Explorer, Properties Window, Output Window, Command Window, and Task List Window.
Google started in 1996 as a research project at Stanford University by Larry Page and Sergey Brin. It now consists of over 450,000 servers located around the world and has over 2,668 employees known as "Googlers". Google is the world's most visited website and makes 99% of its profit from advertising. It owns other major companies like YouTube, DoubleClick, and Motorola Mobility.
Eyes are organs that detect light and convert it into electro-chemical signals in neurons. Eyes are very sensitive, as a candle can be detected from 1 mile away. Eyes contain over 2 million working parts and are composed of cornea, retina, iris and other structures. Eyes evolve over 500 million years ago and gave early animals an advantage over those without vision. Today, eyes allow humans to see in color and process large amounts of visual information.
Cheese is a diverse group of milk-based food products produced in a variety of flavors, textures, and forms around the world. There are over 2,000 varieties of cheeses, and the United States produces over 25% of the world's cheese supply each year at nearly 9 billion pounds annually. Cheese provides key nutrients like calcium, protein, and various vitamins and can help prevent tooth decay when eaten in moderation.
The Burj Khalifa in Dubai is currently the tallest manmade structure in the world at 829.84 m (2,723 ft). It holds numerous records including the highest number of stories, the tallest free-standing structure, and the highest observation deck. The design was inspired by the Hymenocallis flower and it took over 22 million man-hours and materials including 110,000 tons of concrete and 55,000 tons of steel rebar to complete construction. The Burj Khalifa also has the fastest elevators in the world that can travel at 65km/hr and houses over 12,000 residents across its 6 million square feet of space.
1. Apple Inc. was established in 1976 by Steve Jobs, Steve Wozniak, and Ronald Wayne to design and market consumer electronics, software, and personal computers.
2. Some of Apple's most well-known and pioneering products include the Macintosh line of computers, the iPod, the iPhone, and the iPad.
3. The Apple-1, designed and built by Wozniak, was Apple's first personal computer and was sold for $666.66 in 1976.
Businass related thought for the week in wordDipen Parmar
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This summary provides the high level and essential information from the document in 3 sentences:
The document is a collection of 57 thoughts on various topics from different sources intended to be insightful and inspiring. The thoughts cover subjects like the workplace, business, life, science, history, and more. A new thought will be sent out each week by email to over 2,100 contacts worldwide on topics aimed to be illuminating and hopefully inspiring based on principles of diversity, optimism, trust, creativity and growth.
14 health tricks you should know about your bodyDipen Parmar
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1. The document provides 14 health tricks related to the human body and brain. It discusses tricks to relieve throat tickles, improve hearing abilities, reduce pain from injections, clear stuffed noses, prevent acid reflux, cure toothaches, treat burns, stop dizziness, reduce heart rate anxiety, cure headaches, prevent nearsightedness, relieve tingling sensations, breathe underwater, and improve memory.
2. Many of the tricks provide explanations for how they work based on nerve pathways or reflexes in the body. For example, scratching the ear can relieve a throat tickle due to a muscle spasm reflex and blowing on the thumb can slow a racing heart by stimulating the vagus nerve.
13 amazing natural and unique phenomenonDipen Parmar
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This document lists and briefly describes 13 amazing natural phenomena:
1) Electric blue seas caused by bioluminescent plankton washing up on beaches.
2) Snow chimneys that form over Arctic volcanoes when steam freezes and builds tall ice structures.
3) Moonbows, faint rainbows caused by moonlight rather than sunlight.
4) Firebows, colorful arcs that appear in cirrus clouds when sunlight hits ice crystals at the right angle.
5) The aurora borealis caused by charged particles from the sun interacting with the Earth's magnetic field.
This document lists the top 140 richest people in the world along with their net worth, age, source of wealth, and country of citizenship. It shows that Bill Gates is the richest with a net worth of $77.2 billion from Microsoft and is from the United States. Carlos Slim Helu from Mexico has a net worth of $71.9 billion from telecom and Amancio Ortega from Spain has $65.3 billion from retail. The majority of the richest people derive their wealth from industries like technology, investments, retail, and telecom.
This presentation has been made keeping in mind the students of undergraduate and postgraduate level. To keep the facts in a natural form and to display the material in more detail, the help of various books, websites and online medium has been taken. Whatever medium the material or facts have been taken from, an attempt has been made by the presenter to give their reference at the end.
In the seventh century, the rule of Sindh state was in the hands of Rai dynasty. We know the names of five kings of this dynasty- Rai Divji, Rai Singhras, Rai Sahasi, Rai Sihras II and Rai Sahasi II. During the time of Rai Sihras II, Nimruz of Persia attacked Sindh and killed him. After the return of the Persians, Rai Sahasi II became the king. After killing him, one of his Brahmin ministers named Chach took over the throne. He married the widow of Rai Sahasi and became the ruler of entire Sindh by suppressing the rebellions of the governors.
HOW YOU DOIN'?
Cool, cool, cool...
Because that's what she said after THE QUIZ CLUB OF PSGCAS' TV SHOW quiz.
Grab your popcorn and be seated.
QM: THARUN S A
BCom Accounting and Finance (2023-26)
THE QUIZ CLUB OF PSGCAS.
Coleoptera, commonly known as beetles, is the largest order of insects, comprising approximately 400,000 described species. Beetles can be found in almost every habitat on Earth, exhibiting a wide range of morphological, behavioral, and ecological diversity. They have a hardened exoskeleton, with the forewings modified into elytra that protect the hind wings. Beetles play important roles in ecosystems as decomposers, pollinators, and food sources for other animals, while some species are considered pests in agriculture and forestry.
Stewart Butler - OECD - How to design and deliver higher technical education ...EduSkills OECD
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Stewart Butler, Labour Market Economist at the OECD presents at the webinar 'How to design and deliver higher technical education to develop in-demand skills' on 3 June 2025. You can check out the webinar recording via our website - https://oecdedutoday.com/webinars/ .
You can check out the Higher Technical Education in England report via this link đ - https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/higher-technical-education-in-england-united-kingdom_7c00dff7-en.html
You can check out the pathways to professions report here đ https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pathways-to-professions_a81152f4-en.html
SEM II 3202 STRUCTURAL MECHANICS, B ARCH, REGULATION 2021, ANNA UNIVERSITY, R...RVSPSOA
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Principles of statics. Forces and their effects. Types of force systems. Resultant of concurrent and
parallel forces. Lamiâs theorem. Principle of moments. Varignonâs theorem. Principle of equilibrium.
Types of supports and reactions-Bending moment and Shear forces-Determination of reactions for
simply supported beams. Relation between bending moment and shear force.
Properties of section â Centre of gravity, Moment of Inertia, Section modulus, Radius of gyration
for various structural shapes. Theorem of perpendicular axis. Theorem of parallel axis.
Elastic properties of solids. Concept of stress and strain. Deformation of axially loaded simple bars.
Types of stresses. Concept of axial and volumetric stresses and strains. Elastic constants. Elastic
Modulus. Shear Modulus. Bulk Modulus. Poissonâs ratio. Relation between elastic constants.
Principal stresses and strain. Numerical and Graphical method. Mohrâs diagram.
R.K. Bansal, âA Text book on Engineering Mechanicsâ, Lakshmi Publications, Delhi,2008.
ďˇ R.K. Bansal, âA textbook on Strength of Materialsâ, Lakshmi Publications, Delhi 2010.
ďˇ Paul W. McMullin, 'Jonathan S. Price, âIntroduction to Structuresâ, Routledge, 2016.
P.C. Punmia, âStrength of Materials and Theory of Structures; Vol. Iâ, Lakshmi
Publications, Delhi 2018.
2. S. Ramamrutham, âStrength of Materialsâ, Dhanpatrai and Sons, Delhi, 2014.
3. W.A. Nash, âStrength of Materialsâ, Schaums Series, McGraw Hill Book Company,1989.
4. R.K. Rajput, âStrength of Materialsâ, S.K. Kataria and Sons, New Delhi , 2017.
*Order Hemiptera:*
Hemiptera, commonly known as true bugs, is a large and diverse order of insects that includes cicadas, aphids, leafhoppers, and shield bugs. Characterized by their piercing-sucking mouthparts, Hemiptera feed on plant sap, other insects, or small animals. Many species are significant pests, while others are beneficial predators.
*Order Neuroptera:*
Neuroptera, also known as net-winged insects, is an order of insects that includes lacewings, antlions, and owlflies. Characterized by their delicate, net-like wing venation and large, often prominent eyes, Neuroptera are predators that feed on other insects, playing an important role in biological control. Many species have aquatic larvae, adding to their ecological diversity.
Trends Spotting Strategic foresight for tomorrowâs education systems - Debora...EduSkills OECD
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Deborah Nusche, Senior Analyst, OECD presents at the OECD webinar 'Trends Spotting: Strategic foresight for tomorrowâs education systems' on 5 June 2025. You can check out the webinar on the website https://oecdedutoday.com/webinars/ Other speakers included: Deborah Nusche, Senior Analyst, OECD
Sophie Howe, Future Governance Adviser at the School of International Futures, first Future Generations Commissioner for Wales (2016-2023)
Davina Marie, Interdisciplinary Lead, Queens College London
Thomas Jørgensen, Director for Policy Coordination and Foresight at European University Association
Dashboard Overview in Odoo 18 - Odoo SlidesCeline George
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Odoo 18 introduces significant enhancements to its dashboard functionalities, offering users a more intuitive and customizable experience. The updated dashboards provide real-time insights into various business operations, enabling informed decision-making.
Based in Wauconda, Diana Enriquez teaches dual-language social studies at West Oak Middle School, guiding students in grades 6-8. With a degree from Illinois State University and an ESL/Bilingual certification, she champions diversity and equity in education. Dianaâs early experience as a special education paraprofessional shaped her commitment to inclusive and engaging learning.
Smart Borrowing: Everything You Need to Know About Short Term Loans in Indiafincrifcontent
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Short term loans in India are becoming a go-to financial solution for individuals needing quick access to funds without long-term commitments. With fast approval, minimal documentation, and flexible tenures, these loans are ideal for handling emergencies, unexpected bills, or short-term goals. Understanding key aspects like short term loan features, eligibility, required documentation, and how to apply for a short term loan can help borrowers make informed decisions. Whether you're salaried or self-employed, short term loans offer convenience and speed. This guide walks you through the essentials so you can secure the right loan at the right time.
Pragya Champion's Chalice is the annual Intra Pragya General Quiz hosted by the club's outgoing President and Vice President. The prelims and finals are both given in the singular set.
How to Configure Add to Cart in Odoo 18 WebsiteCeline George
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In this slide, weâll discuss how to configure the Add to Cart functionality in the Odoo 18 Website. This feature enhances the shopping experience by offering three flexible options: Stay on the Product Page, Go to the Cart, or Let the User Decide through a dialog box.
Forestry Model Exit Exam_2025_Wollega University, Gimbi Campus.pdfChalaKelbessa
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This is Forestry Exit Exam Model for 2025 from Department of Forestry at Wollega University, Gimbi Campus.
The exam contains forestry courses such as Dendrology, Forest Seed and Nursery Establishment, Plantation Establishment and Management, Silviculture, Forest Mensuration, Forest Biometry, Agroforestry, Biodiversity Conservation, Forest Business, Forest Fore, Forest Protection, Forest Management, Wood Processing and others that are related to Forestry.
2. Table of Contents
1. Introduction to HTML
ď How theWebWorks?
ď What is a Web Page?
ď My First HTML Page
ď BasicTags: Hyperlinks, Images, Formatting
ď Headings and Paragraphs
2. HTML in Details
ď The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
ď The <head> Section: Title, Meta, Script, Style
2
3. Table of Contents (2)
2. HTML in Details
ď The <body> Section
ď Text Styling and FormattingTags
ď Hyperlinks: <a>, Hyperlinks and Sections
ď Images: <img>
ď Lists: <ol>, <ul> and <dl>
3. The <div> and <span> elements
4. HTMLTables
5. HTML Forms
3
4. How the Web Works?
ďŽ WWW use classical client / server architecture
ď HTTP is text-based request-response protocol
4
Page request
Client running a
Web Browser
Server runningWeb
Server Software
(IIS, Apache, etc.)
Server response
HTTP
HTTP
5. What is a Web Page?
ďŽ Web pages are text files containing HTML
ďŽ HTML â Hyper Text Markup Language
ď A notation for describing
ď document structure (semantic markup)
ď formatting (presentation markup)
ď Looks (looked?) like:
ď A Microsoft Word document
ďŽ The markup tags provide information about
the page content structure
5
6. Creating HTML Pages
ďŽ An HTML file must have an .htm or .html file
extension
ďŽ HTML files can be created with text editors:
ď NotePad, NotePad ++, PSPad
ďŽ Or HTML editors (WYSIWYG Editors):
ď Microsoft FrontPage
ď Macromedia Dreamweaver
ď Netscape Composer
ď Microsoft Word
ď Visual Studio 6
8. HTML Structure
ďŽ HTML is comprised of âelementsâ and âtagsâ
ď Begins with <html> and ends with </html>
ďŽ Elements (tags) are nested one inside another:
ďŽ Tags have attributes:
ďŽ HTML describes structure using two main sections:
<head> and <body>
8
<html> <head></head> <body></body> </html>
<img src="logo.jpg" alt="logo" />
9. HTML Code Formatting
ďŽ The HTML source code should be formatted to
increase readability and facilitate debugging.
ď Every block element should start on a new line.
ď Every nested (block) element should be indented.
ď Browsers ignore multiple whitespaces in the page
source, so formatting is harmless.
ďŽ For performance reasons, formatting can be
sacrificed
9
10. First HTML Page
10
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>My First HTML Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This is some text...</p>
</body>
</html>
test.html
11. <!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>My First HTML Page</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>This is some text...</p>
</body>
</html>
First HTML Page:Tags
11
Opening tag
Closing tag
An HTML element consists of an opening tag, a closing tag
and the content inside.
14. Some SimpleTags
ďŽ HyperlinkTags
ďŽ ImageTags
ďŽ Text formatting tags
14
<a href="http://www.telerik.com/"
title="Telerik">Link to Telerik Web site</a>
<img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" />
This text is <em>emphasized.</em>
<br />new line<br />
This one is <strong>more emphasized.</strong>
15. Some SimpleTags â Example
15
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>Simple Tags Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="http://www.telerik.com/" title=
"Telerik site">This is a link.</a>
<br />
<img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" />
<br />
<strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> text.
</body>
</html>
some-tags.html
16. Some SimpleTags â Example (2)
16
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>Simple Tags Demo</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="http://www.telerik.com/" title=
"Telerik site">This is a link.</a>
<br />
<img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" />
<br />
<strong>Bold</strong> and <em>italic</em> text.
</body>
</html>
some-tags.html
17. Tags Attributes
ďŽ Tags can have attributes
ď Attributes specify properties and behavior
ď Example:
ď Few attributes can apply to every element:
ď id, style, class, title
ď The id is unique in the document
ď Content of title attribute is displayed as hint
when the element is hovered with the mouse
ď Some elements have obligatory attributes
17
<img src="logo.gif" alt="logo" />
Attribute alt with value "logo"
18. Headings and Paragraphs
ďŽ HeadingTags (h1 â h6)
ďŽ ParagraphTags
ďŽ Sections: div and span
18
<p>This is my first paragraph</p>
<p>This is my second paragraph</p>
<h1>Heading 1</h1>
<h2>Sub heading 2</h2>
<h3>Sub heading 3</h3>
<div style="background: skyblue;">
This is a div</div>
19. Headings and Paragraphs â
Example
19
<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head><title>Headings and paragraphs</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Heading 1</h1>
<h2>Sub heading 2</h2>
<h3>Sub heading 3</h3>
<p>This is my first paragraph</p>
<p>This is my second paragraph</p>
<div style="background:skyblue">
This is a div</div>
</body>
</html>
headings.html
20. <!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head><title>Headings and paragraphs</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Heading 1</h1>
<h2>Sub heading 2</h2>
<h3>Sub heading 3</h3>
<p>This is my first paragraph</p>
<p>This is my second paragraph</p>
<div style="background:skyblue">
This is a div</div>
</body>
</html>
Headings and Paragraphs â
Example (2)
20
headings.html
22. Preface
ďŽ It is important to have the correct vision and
attitude towards HTML
ď HTML is only about structure, not appearance
ď Browsers tolerate invalid HTML code and parse
errors â you should not.
22
23. The <!DOCTYPE> Declaration
ďŽ HTML documents must start with a document
type definition (DTD)
ď It tells web browsers what type is the served code
ď Possible versions: HTML 4.01, XHTML 1.0
(Transitional or Strict), XHTML 1.1, HTML 5
ďŽ Example:
ď See http://w3.org/QA/2002/04/valid-dtd-list.html for a list
of possible doctypes
23
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
24. HTML vs. XHTML
ďŽ XHTML is more strict than HTML
ď Tags and attribute names must be in lowercase
ď All tags must be closed (<br/>, <img/>) while
HTML allows <br> and <img> and implies
missing closing tags (<p>par1 <p>par2)
ď XHTML allows only one root <html> element
(HTML allows more than one)
24
25. XHTML vs. HTML (2)
ďŽ Many element attributes are deprecated in
XHTML, most are moved to CSS
ďŽ Attribute minimization is forbidden, e.g.
ďŽ Note:Web browsers load XHTML faster than
HTML and valid code faster than invalid!
25
<input type="checkbox" checked>
<input type="checkbox" checked="checked" />
26. The <head> Section
ďŽ Contains information that doesnât show
directly on the viewable page
ďŽ Starts after the <!doctype> declaration
ďŽ Begins with <head> and ends with </head>
ďŽ Contains mandatory single <title> tag
ďŽ Can contain some other tags, e.g.
ď <meta>
ď <script>
ď <style>
ď <!â- comments --> 26
27. <head> Section: <title> tag
ďŽ Title should be placed between <head> and
</head> tags
ďŽ Used to specify a title in the window title bar
ďŽ Search engines and people rely on titles
27
<title>Telerik Academy â Winter Season 2009/2010
</title>
28. <head> Section: <meta>
ďŽ Meta tags additionally describe the content
contained within the page
28
<meta name="description" content="HTML
tutorial" />
<meta name="keywords" content="html, web
design, styles" />
<meta name="author" content="Chris Brewer" />
<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="5;
url=http://www.telerik.com" />
29. <head> Section: <script>
ďŽ The <script> element is used to embed
scripts into an HTML document
ď Script are executed in the client's Web browser
ď Scripts can live in the <head> and in the <body>
sections
ďŽ Supported client-side scripting languages:
ď JavaScript (it is not Java!)
ď VBScript
ď JScript
29
31. <head> Section: <style>
ďŽ The <style> element embeds formatting
information (CSS styles) into an HTML page
31
<html>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
p { font-size: 12pt; line-height: 12pt; }
p:first-letter { font-size: 200%; }
span { text-transform: uppercase; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Styles demo.<br />
<span>Test uppercase</span>.
</p>
</body>
</html>
style-example.html
32. Comments: <!-- -->Tag
ďŽ Comments can exist anywhere between the
<html></html> tags
ďŽ Comments start with <!-- and end with -->
32
<!â- Telerik Logo (a JPG file) -->
<img src="logo.jpg" alt=âTelerik Logo">
<!â- Hyperlink to the web site -->
<a href="http://telerik.com/">Telerik</a>
<!â- Show the news table -->
<table class="newstable">
...
33. <body> Section: Introduction
ďŽ The <body> section describes the viewable
portion of the page
ďŽ Starts after the <head> </head> section
ďŽ Begins with <body> and ends with </body>
33
<html>
<head><title>Test page</title></head>
<body>
<!-- This is the Web page body -->
</body>
</html>
34. Text Formatting
ďŽ Text formatting tags modify the text between
the opening tag and the closing tag
ď Ex. <b>Hello</b> makes âHelloâ bold
<b></b> bold
<i></i> italicized
<u></u> underlined
<sup></sup> Samplesuperscript
<sub></sub> Samplesubscript
<strong></strong> strong
<em></em> emphasized
<pre></pre> Preformatted text
<blockquote></blockquote> Quoted text block
<del></del> Deleted text â strike through
34
35. Text Formatting â Example
35
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Notice</h1>
<p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p>
<p><pre>Next paragraph:
preformatted.</pre></p>
<h2>More Info</h2>
<p>Specifically, weâre using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br />
Next line.</p>
</body>
</html>
text-formatting.html
36. Text Formatting â Example (2)
36
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>Page Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Notice</h1>
<p>This is a <em>sample</em> Web page.</p>
<p><pre>Next paragraph:
preformatted.</pre></p>
<h2>More Info</h2>
<p>Specifically, weâre using XHMTL 1.0 transitional.<br />
Next line.</p>
</body>
</html>
text-formatting.html
37. Hyperlinks: <a>Tag
ďŽ Link to a document called form.html on the
same server in the same directory:
ďŽ Link to a document called parent.html on
the same server in the parent directory:
ďŽ Link to a document called cat.html on the
same server in the subdirectory stuff:
37
<a href="form.html">Fill Our Form</a>
<a href="../parent.html">Parent</a>
<a href="stuff/cat.html">Catalog</a>
38. Hyperlinks: <a>Tag (2)
ďŽ Link to an external Web site:
ď Always use a full URL, including "http://", not
just "www.somesite.com"
ď Using the target="_blank" attribute opens
the link in a new window
ďŽ Link to an e-mail address:
38
<a href="http://www.devbg.org" target="_blank">BASD</a>
<a href="mailto:bugs@example.com?subject=Bug+Report">
Please report bugs here (by e-mail only)</a>
39. Hyperlinks: <a>Tag (3)
ďŽ Link to a document called apply-now.html
ď On the same server, in same directory
ď Using an image as a link button:
ďŽ Link to a document called index.html
ď On the same server, in the subdirectory english of
the parent directory:
39
<a href="apply-now.html"><img
src="apply-now-button.jpg" /></a>
<a href="../english/index.html">Switch to
English version</a>
40. Hyperlinks and Sections
ďŽ Link to another location in the same document:
ďŽ Link to a specific location in another document:
40
<a href="#section1">Go to Introduction</a>
...
<h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2>
<a href="chapter3.html#section3.1.1">Go to Section
3.1.1</a>
<!â- In chapter3.html -->
...
<div id="section3.1.1">
<h3>3.1.1. Technical Background</h3>
</div>
43. Links to the Same Document â
Example
43
<h1>Table of Contents</h1>
<p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br />
<a href="#section2">Some background</A><br />
<a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br />
...the rest of the table of contents...
<!-- The document text follows here -->
<h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2>
... Section 1 follows here ...
<h2 id="section2">Some background</h2>
... Section 2 follows here ...
<h3 id="section2.1">Project History</h3>
... Section 2.1 follows here ...
links-to-same-document.html
44. Links to the Same Document â
Example (2)
44
<h1>Table of Contents</h1>
<p><a href="#section1">Introduction</a><br />
<a href="#section2">Some background</A><br />
<a href="#section2.1">Project History</a><br />
...the rest of the table of contents...
<!-- The document text follows here -->
<h2 id="section1">Introduction</h2>
... Section 1 follows here ...
<h2 id="section2">Some background</h2>
... Section 2 follows here ...
<h3 id="section2.1">Project History</h3>
... Section 2.1 follows here ...
links-to-same-document.html
45. ďŽ Inserting an image with <img> tag:
ďŽ Image attributes:
ďŽ Example:
Images: <img> tag
src Location of image file (relative or absolute)
alt Substitute text for display (e.g. in text mode)
height Number of pixels of the height
width Number of pixels of the width
border Size of border, 0 for no border
<img src="/img/basd-logo.png">
<img src="./php.png" alt="PHP Logo" />
45
48. a. Apple
b. Orange
c. Grapefruit
Ordered Lists: <ol>Tag
ďŽ Create an Ordered List using <ol></ol>:
ďŽ Attribute values for type are 1, A, a, I, or i
48
1. Apple
2. Orange
3. Grapefruit
A. Apple
B. Orange
C. Grapefruit
I. Apple
II. Orange
III. Grapefruit
i. Apple
ii. Orange
iii. Grapefruit
<ol type="1">
<li>Apple</li>
<li>Orange</li>
<li>Grapefruit</li>
</ol>
49. Unordered Lists: <ul>Tag
ďŽ Create an Unordered List using <ul></ul>:
ďŽ Attribute values for type are:
ď disc, circle or square
49
⢠Apple
⢠Orange
⢠Pear
o Apple
o Orange
o Pear
ď§ Apple
ď§ Orange
ď§ Pear
<ul type="disk">
<li>Apple</li>
<li>Orange</li>
<li>Grapefruit</li>
</ul>
50. Definition lists: <dl> tag
ďŽ Create definition lists using <dl>
ď Pairs of text and associated definition; text is in
<dt> tag, definition in <dd> tag
ď Renders without bullets
ď Definition is indented
50
<dl>
<dt>HTML</dt>
<dd>A markup language âŚ</dd>
<dt>CSS</dt>
<dd>Language used to âŚ</dd>
</dl>
56. Block and Inline Elements
ďŽ Block elements add a line break before and
after them
ď <div> is a block element
ď Other block elements are <table>, <hr>,
headings, lists, <p> and etc.
ďŽ Inline elements donât break the text before
and after them
ď <span> is an inline element
ď Most HTML elements are inline, e.g. <a>
56
57. The <div>Tag
ďŽ <div> creates logical divisions within a page
ďŽ Block style element
ďŽ Used with CSS
ďŽ Example:
57
<div style="font-size:24px; color:red">DIV
example</div>
<p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-
weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>
div-and-span.html
58. The <span>Tag
ďŽ Inline style element
ďŽ Useful for modifying a specific portion of text
ď Don't create a separate area
(paragraph) in the document
ďŽ Very useful with CSS
58
<p>This one is <span style="color:red; font-
weight:bold">only a test</span>.</p>
<p>This one is another <span style="font-size:32px;
font-weight:bold">TEST</span>.</p>
span.html
60. HTMLTables
ďŽ Tables represent tabular data
ď A table consists of one or several rows
ď Each row has one or more columns
ďŽ Tables comprised of several core tags:
<table></table>: begin / end the table
<tr></tr>: create a table row
<td></td>: create tabular data (cell)
ďŽ Tables should not be used for layout. Use CSS
floats and positioning styles instead
60
61. HTMLTables (2)
ďŽ Start and end of a table
ďŽ Start and end of a row
ďŽ Start and end of a cell in a row
61
<table> ... </table>
<tr> ... </tr>
<td> ... </td>
64. Complete HTMLTables
ďŽ Table rows split into three semantic sections:
header, body and footer
ď <thead> denotes table header and contains
<th> elements, instead of <td> elements
ď <tbody> denotes collection of table rows that
contain the very data
ď <tfoot> denotes table footer but comes
BEFORE the <tbody> tag
ď <colgroup> and <col> define columns (most
often used to set column widths)
64
65. Complete HTMLTable: Example
65
<table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width:100px" /><col />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr><th>Column 1</th><th>Column 2</th></tr>
</thead>
<tfoot>
<tr><td>Footer 1</td><td>Footer 2</td></tr>
</tfoot>
<tbody>
<tr><td>Cell 1.1</td><td>Cell 1.2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Cell 2.1</td><td>Cell 2.2</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
header
footer
Last comes the body (data)
th
columns
66. <table>
<colgroup>
<col style="width:200px" /><col />
</colgroup>
<thead>
<tr><th>Column 1</th><th>Column 2</th></tr>
</thead>
<tfoot>
<tr><td>Footer 1</td><td>Footer 2</td></tr>
</tfoot>
<tbody>
<tr><td>Cell 1.1</td><td>Cell 1.2</td></tr>
<tr><td>Cell 2.1</td><td>Cell 2.2</td></tr>
</tbody>
</table>
Complete HTMLTable:
Example (2)
66
table-full.html
Although the footer is
before the data in the
code, it is displayed last
By default, header text
is bold and centered.
68. ďŽ cellpadding
ďŽ Defines the empty
space around the cell
content
ďŽ cellspacing
ďŽ Defines the
empty space
between cells
Cell Spacing and Padding
ďŽ Tables have two important attributes:
68
cell cell
cell cell
cell
cell
cell
cell
71. ďŽ rowspan
ďŽ Defines how
many rows the
cell occupies
ďŽ colspan
ďŽ Defines how
many columns
the cell occupies
Column and Row Span
ďŽ Table cells have two important attributes:
71
cell[1,1] cell[1,2]
cell[2,1]
colspan="1"colspan="1"
colspan="2"
cell[1,1]
cell[1,2]
cell[2,1]
rowspan="2" rowspan="1"
rowspan="1"
75. HTML Forms
ďŽ Forms are the primary method for gathering
data from site visitors
ďŽ Create a form block with
ďŽ Example:
75
<form></form>
<form name="myForm" method="post"
action="path/to/some-script.php">
...
</form>
The "action" attribute tells where
the form data should be sent
The âmethod" attribute tells how
the form data should be sent â
via GET or POST request
76. Form Fields
ďŽ Single-line text input fields:
ďŽ Multi-line textarea fields:
ďŽ Hidden fields contain data not shown to the user:
ď Often used by JavaScript code
76
<input type="text" name="FirstName" value="This
is a text field" />
<textarea name="Comments">This is a multi-line
text field</textarea>
<input type="hidden" name="Account" value="This
is a hidden text field" />
77. Fieldsets
ďŽ Fieldsets are used to enclose a group of related
form fields:
ďŽ The <legend> is the fieldset's title.
77
<form method="post" action="form.aspx">
<fieldset>
<legend>Client Details</legend>
<input type="text" id="Name" />
<input type="text" id="Phone" />
</fieldset>
<fieldset>
<legend>Order Details</legend>
<input type="text" id="Quantity" />
<textarea cols="40" rows="10"
id="Remarks"></textarea>
</fieldset>
</form>
78. Form Input Controls
ďŽ Checkboxes:
ďŽ Radio buttons:
ďŽ Radio buttons can be grouped, allowing only one
to be selected from a group:
78
<input type="checkbox" name="fruit"
value="apple" />
<input type="radio" name="title" value="Mr." />
<input type="radio" name="city" value="Lom" />
<input type="radio" name="city" value="Ruse" />
80. Other Form Controls (2)
ďŽ Reset button â brings the form to its initial state
ďŽ Image button â acts like submit but image is
displayed and click coordinates are sent
ďŽ Ordinary button â used for Javascript, no default
action
80
<input type="reset" name="resetBtn"
value="Reset the form" />
<input type="image" src="submit.gif"
name="submitBtn" alt="Submit" />
<input type="button" value="click me" />
81. Other Form Controls (3)
ďŽ Password input â a text field which masks the
entered text with * signs
ďŽ Multiple select field â displays the list of items in
multiple lines, instead of one
81
<input type="password" name="pass" />
<select name="products" multiple="multiple">
<option value="Value 1"
selected="selected">keyboard</option>
<option value="Value 2">mouse</option>
<option value="Value 3">speakers</option>
</select>
82. Other Form Controls (4)
ďŽ File input â a field used for uploading files
ď When used, it requires the form element to have a
specific attribute:
82
<input type="file" name="photo" />
<form enctype="multipart/form-data">
...
<input type="file" name="photo" />
...
</form>
83. Labels
ďŽ Form labels are used to associate an explanatory
text to a form field using the field's ID.
ďŽ Clicking on a label focuses its associated field
(checkboxes are toggled, radio buttons are
checked)
ďŽ Labels are both a usability and accessibility
feature and are required in order to pass
accessibility validation.
83
<label for="fn">First Name</label>
<input type="text" id="fn" />
84. HTML Forms â Example
84
<form method="post" action="apply-now.php">
<input name="subject" type="hidden" value="Class" />
<fieldset><legend>Academic information</legend>
<label for="degree">Degree</label>
<select name="degree" id="degree">
<option value="BA">Bachelor of Art</option>
<option value="BS">Bachelor of Science</option>
<option value="MBA" selected="selected">Master of
Business Administration</option>
</select>
<br />
<label for="studentid">Student ID</label>
<input type="password" name="studentid" />
</fieldset>
<fieldset><legend>Personal Details</legend>
<label for="fname">First Name</label>
<input type="text" name="fname" id="fname" />
<br />
<label for="lname">Last Name</label>
<input type="text" name="lname" id="lname" />
form.html
87. TabIndex
ďŽ The tabindex HTML attribute controls the
order in which form fields and hyperlinks are
focused when repeatedly pressing theTAB key
ď tabindex="0" (zero) - "natural" order
ď If X >Y, then elements with tabindex="X" are
iterated before elements with tabindex="Y"
ď Elements with negative tabindex are skipped,
however, this is not defined in the standard
87
<input type="text" tabindex="10" />
89. HTML Frames
ďŽ Frames provide a way to show multiple HTML
documents in a single Web page
ďŽ The page can be split into separate views
(frames) horizontally and vertically
ďŽ Frames were popular in the early ages of HTML
development, but now their usage is rejected
ďŽ Frames are not supported by all user agents
(browsers, search engines, etc.)
ď A <noframes> element is used to provide
content for non-compatible agents.
89
90. HTML Frames â Demo
90
<html>
<head><title>Frames Example</title></head>
<frameset cols="180px,*,150px">
<frame src="left.html" />
<frame src="middle.html" />
<frame src="right.html" />
</frameset>
</html>
frames.html
ďŽ Note the target attribute applied to the
<a> elements in the left frame.
91. Inline Frames: <iframe>
ďŽ Inline frames provide a way to show one
website inside another website:
91
<iframe name="iframeGoogle" width="600" height="400"
src="http://www.google.com" frameborder="yes"
scrolling="yes"></iframe>
iframe-demo.html
93. Table of Contents
ďŽ What is CSS?
ďŽ Styling with Cascading Stylesheets (CSS)
ďŽ Selectors and style definitions
ďŽ Linking HTML and CSS
ďŽ Fonts, Backgrounds, Borders
ďŽ The Box Model
ďŽ Alignment, Z-Index, Margin, Padding
ďŽ Positioning and Floating Elements
ďŽ Visibility, Display, Overflow
ďŽ CSS DevelopmentTools
93
94. CSS: A New Philosophy
ďŽ Separate content from presentation!
94
Title
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Suspendisse at pede ut purus
malesuada dictum. Donec vitae
neque non magna aliquam
dictum.
⢠Vestibulum et odio et ipsum
⢠accumsan accumsan. Morbi at
⢠arcu vel elit ultricies porta. Proin
tortor purus, luctus non, aliquam
nec, interdum vel, mi. Sed nec
quam nec odio lacinia molestie.
Praesent augue tortor, convallis
eget, euismod nonummy, lacinia
ut, risus.
Bold
Italics
Indent
Content
(HTML document)
Presentation
(CSS Document)
95. The Resulting Page
95
Title
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet,
consectetuer adipiscing elit.
Suspendisse at pede ut purus
malesuada dictum. Donec vitae neque
non magna aliquam dictum.
⢠Vestibulum et odio et ipsum
⢠accumsan accumsan. Morbi at
⢠arcu vel elit ultricies porta. Proin
Tortor purus, luctus non, aliquam nec,
interdum vel, mi. Sed nec quam nec
odio lacinia molestie. Praesent augue
tortor, convallis eget, euismod
nonummy, lacinia ut, risus.
97. CSS Introduction
ďŽ Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
ď Used to describe the presentation of documents
ď Define sizes, spacing, fonts, colors, layout, etc.
ď Improve content accessibility
ď Improve flexibility
ďŽ Designed to separate presentation from content
ďŽ Due to CSS, all HTML presentation tags and
attributes are deprecated, e.g. font, center, etc.
97
98. CSS Introduction (2)
ďŽ CSS can be applied to any XML document
ď Not just to HTML / XHTML
ďŽ CSS can specify different styles for different
media
ď On-screen
ď In print
ď Handheld, projection, etc.
ď ⌠even by voice or Braille-based reader
98
99. Why âCascadingâ?
ďŽ Priority scheme determining which style rules
apply to element
ď Cascade priorities or specificity (weight) are
calculated and assigned to the rules
ď Child elements in the HTML DOM tree inherit
styles from their parent
ď Can override them
ď Control via !important rule
99
101. Why âCascadingâ? (3)
ďŽ Some CSS styles are inherited and some not
ď Text-related and list-related properties are
inherited - color, font-size, font-family,
line-height, text-align, list-style, etc
ď Box-related and positioning styles are not
inherited - width, height, border, margin,
padding, position, float, etc
ď <a> elements do not inherit color and text-
decoration
101
102. Style Sheets Syntax
ďŽ Stylesheets consist of rules, selectors,
declarations, properties and values
ďŽ Selectors are separated by commas
ďŽ Declarations are separated by semicolons
ďŽ Properties and values are separated by colons
102
h1,h2,h3 { color: green; font-weight: bold; }
http://css.maxdesign.com.au/
103. Selectors
ďŽ Selectors determine which element the rule
applies to:
ď All elements of specific type (tag)
ď Those that mach a specific attribute (id, class)
ď Elements may be matched depending on how
they are nested in the document tree (HTML)
ďŽ Examples:
103
.header a { color: green }
#menu>li { padding-top: 8px }
104. Selectors (2)
ďŽ Three primary kinds of selectors:
ď By tag (type selector):
ď By element id:
ď By element class name (only for HTML):
ďŽ Selectors can be combined with commas:
This will match <h1> tags, elements with class
link, and element with id top-link
104
h1 { font-family: verdana,sans-serif; }
#element_id { color: #ff0000; }
.myClass {border: 1px solid red}
h1, .link, #top-link {font-weight: bold}
105. Selectors (3)
ďŽ Pseudo-classes define state
ď :hover, :visited, :active , :lang
ďŽ Pseudo-elements define element "parts" or are
used to generate content
ď :first-line , :before, :after
105
a:hover { color: red; }
p:first-line { text-transform: uppercase; }
.title:before { content: "Âť"; }
.title:after { content: "ÂŤ"; }
106. Selectors (4)
ďŽ Match relative to element placement:
This will match all <a> tags that are inside of <p>
ďŽ * â universal selector (avoid or use with care!):
This will match all descendants of <p> element
ďŽ + selector â used to match ânext siblingâ:
This will match all siblings with class name link
that appear immediately after <img> tag 106
p a {text-decoration: underline}
p * {color: black}
img + .link {float:right}
107. Selectors (5)
ďŽ > selector â matches direct child nodes:
This will match all elements with class error, direct
children of <p> tag
ďŽ [ ] â matches tag attributes by regular expression:
This will match all <img> tags with alt attribute
containing the word logo
ďŽ .class1.class2 (no space) - matches elements
with both (all) classes applied at the same time
107
p > .error {font-size: 8px}
img[alt~=logo] {border: none}
108. Values in the CSS Rules
ďŽ Colors are set in RGB format (decimal or hex):
ď Example: #a0a6aa = rgb(160, 166, 170)
ď Predefined color aliases exist: black, blue, etc.
ďŽ Numeric values are specified in:
ď Pixels, ems, e.g. 12px , 1.4em
ď Points, inches, centimeters, millimeters
ď E.g. 10pt , 1in, 1cm, 1mm
ď Percentages, e.g. 50%
ď Percentage of what?...
ď Zero can be used with no unit: border: 0;
108
109. Default Browser Styles
ďŽ Browsers have default CSS styles
ď Used when there is no CSS information or any
other style information in the document
ďŽ Caution: default styles differ in browsers
ď E.g. margins, paddings and font sizes differ
most often and usually developers reset them
109
* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
body, h1, p, ul, li { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
110. Linking HTML and CSS
ďŽ HTML (content) and CSS (presentation) can be
linked in three ways:
ď Inline: the CSS rules in the style attribute
ď No selectors are needed
ď Embedded: in the <head> in a <style> tag
ď External: CSS rules in separate file (best)
ď Usually a file with .css extension
ď Linked via <link rel="stylesheet" href=âŚ> tag
or @import directive in embedded CSS block
110
111. Linking HTML and CSS (2)
ďŽ Using external files is highly recommended
ď Simplifies the HTML document
ď Improves page load speed as the CSS file is
cached
111
112. Inline Styles: Example
112
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0
Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/
DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Inline Styles</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Here is some text</p>
<!--Separate multiple styles with a semicolon-->
<p style="font-size: 20pt">Here is some
more text</p>
<p style="font-size: 20pt;color:
#0000FF" >Even more text</p>
</body>
</html>
inline-styles.html
113. Inline Styles: Example
113
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0
Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/
DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Inline Styles</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>Here is some text</p>
<!--Separate multiple styles with a semicolon-->
<p style="font-size: 20pt">Here is some
more text</p>
<p style="font-size: 20pt;color:
#0000FF" >Even more text</p>
</body>
</html>
inline-styles.html
114. CSS Cascade (Precedence)
ďŽ There are browser, user and author stylesheets
with "normal" and "important" declarations
ď Browser styles (least priority)
ď Normal user styles
ď Normal author styles (external, in head, inline)
ď Important author styles
ď Important user styles (max priority)
114
a { color: red !important ; }
http://www.slideshare.net/maxdesign/css-cascade-1658158
115. CSS Specificity
ďŽ CSS specificity is used to determine the
precedence of CSS style declarations with the
same origin. Selectors are what matters
ď Simple calculation: #id = 100, .class = 10,
:pseudo = 10, [attr] = 10, tag = 1, * = 0
ď Same number of points? Order matters.
ď See also:
ď http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2007/07/27/css-specificity-things-
you-should-know/
ď http://css.maxdesign.com.au/selectutorial/advanced_conflict.htm
115
116. Embedded Styles
ďŽ Embedded in the HTML in the <style> tag:
ď The <style> tag is placed in the <head>
section of the document
ď type attribute specifies the MIME type
ď MIME describes the format of the content
ď Other MIME types include text/html,
image/gif, text/javascript âŚ
ďŽ Used for document-specific styles
116
<style type="text/css">
117. Embedded Styles: Example
117
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0
Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-
transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Style Sheets</title>
<style type="text/css">
em {background-color:#8000FF; color:white}
h1 {font-family:Arial, sans-serif}
p {font-size:18pt}
.blue {color:blue}
</style>
<head>
embedded-stylesheets.html
118. Embedded Styles: Example (2)
118
âŚ
<body>
<h1 class="blue">A Heading</h1>
<p>Here is some text. Here is some text. Here
is some text. Here is some text. Here is some
text.</p>
<h1>Another Heading</h1>
<p class="blue">Here is some more text.
Here is some more text.</p>
<p class="blue">Here is some <em>more</em>
text. Here is some more text.</p>
</body>
</html>
119. âŚ
<body>
<h1 class="blue">A Heading</h1>
<p>Here is some text. Here is some text. Here
is some text. Here is some text. Here is some
text.</p>
<h1>Another Heading</h1>
<p class="blue">Here is some more text.
Here is some more text.</p>
<p class="blue">Here is some <em>more</em>
text. Here is some more text.</p>
</body>
</html>
Embedded Styles: Example (3)
119
120. External CSS Styles
ďŽ External linking
ď Separate pages can all use a shared style sheet
ď Only modify a single file to change the styles across
your entire Web site (see http://www.csszengarden.com/)
ďŽ link tag (with a rel attribute)
ď Specifies a relationship between current document
and another document
ď link elements should be in the <head>
120
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"
href="styles.css">
121. External CSS Styles (2)
@import
ď Another way to link external CSS files
ď Example:
ď Ancient browsers do not recognize @import
ď Use @import in an external CSS file to
workaround the IE 32 CSS file limit
121
<style type="text/css">
@import url("styles.css");
/* same as */
@import "styles.css";
</style>
122. External Styles: Example
122
/* CSS Document */
a { text-decoration: none }
a:hover { text-decoration: underline;
color: red;
background-color: #CCFFCC }
li em { color: red;
font-weight: bold }
ul { margin-left: 2cm }
ul ul { text-decoration: underline;
margin-left: .5cm }
styles.css
123. External Styles: Example (2)
123
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0
Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-
transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
<head>
<title>Importing style sheets</title>
<link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"
href="styles.css" />
</head>
<body>
<h1>Shopping list for <em>Monday</em>:</h1>
<li>Milk</li>
âŚ
external-styles.html
126. Text-related CSS Properties
ďŽ color â specifies the color of the text
ďŽ font-size â size of font: xx-small, x-small,
small, medium, large, x-large, xx-large,
smaller, larger or numeric value
ďŽ font-family â comma separated font names
ď Example: verdana, sans-serif, etc.
ď The browser loads the first one that is available
ď There should always be at least one generic font
ďŽ font-weight can be normal, bold, bolder,
lighter or a number in range [100 ⌠900]
126
127. CSS Rules for Fonts (2)
ďŽ font-style â styles the font
ď Values: normal, italic, oblique
ďŽ text-decoration â decorates the text
ď Values: none, underline, line-trough,
overline, blink
ďŽ text-align â defines the alignment of text or
other content
ď Values: left, right, center, justify
127
128. Shorthand Font Property
ďŽ font
ď Shorthand rule for setting multiple font
properties at the same time
is equal to writing this:
128
font:italic normal bold 12px/16px verdana
font-style: italic;
font-variant: normal;
font-weight: bold;
font-size: 12px;
line-height: 16px;
font-family: verdana;
129. Backgrounds
ďŽ background-image
ď URL of image to be used as background, e.g.:
ďŽ background-color
ď Using color and image and the same time
ďŽ background-repeat
ď repeat-x, repeat-y, repeat, no-repeat
ďŽ background-attachment
ď fixed / scroll
129
background-image:url("back.gif");
130. Backgrounds (2)
ďŽ background-position: specifies vertical and
horizontal position of the background image
ď Vertical position: top, center, bottom
ď Horizontal position: left, center, right
ď Both can be specified in percentage or other
numerical values
ď Examples:
130
background-position: top left;
background-position: -5px 50%;
131. Background Shorthand Property
ďŽ background: shorthand rule for setting
background properties at the same time:
is equal to writing:
ď Some browsers will not apply BOTH color and
image for background if using shorthand rule
131
background: #FFF0C0 url("back.gif") no-repeat
fixed top;
background-color: #FFF0C0;
background-image: url("back.gif");
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-attachment: fixed;
background-position: top;
132. Background-image or <img>?
ďŽ Background images allow you to save many
image tags from the HTML
ď Leads to less code
ď More content-oriented approach
ďŽ All images that are not part of the page
content (and are used only for "beautification")
should be moved to the CSS
132
133. Borders
ďŽ border-width: thin, medium, thick or
numerical value (e.g. 10px)
ďŽ border-color: color alias or RGB value
ďŽ border-style: none, hidden, dotted,
dashed, solid, double, groove, ridge,
inset, outset
ďŽ Each property can be defined separately for
left, top, bottom and right
ď border-top-style, border-left-color, âŚ
133
134. Border Shorthand Property
ďŽ border: shorthand rule for setting border
properties at once:
is equal to writing:
ďŽ Specify different borders for the sides via
shorthand rules: border-top, border-left,
border-right, border-bottom
ďŽ When to avoid border:0 134
border: 1px solid red
border-width:1px;
border-color:red;
border-style:solid;
135. Width and Height
ďŽ width â defines numerical value for the width
of element, e.g. 200px
ďŽ height â defines numerical value for the
height of element, e.g. 100px
ď By default the height of an element is defined
by its content
ď Inline elements do not apply height, unless you
change their display style.
135
136. Margin and Padding
ďŽ margin and padding define the spacing
around the element
ď Numerical value, e.g. 10px or -5px
ď Can be defined for each of the four sides
separately - margin-top, padding-left, âŚ
ď margin is the spacing outside of the border
ď padding is the spacing between the border and
the content
ď What are collapsing margins?
136
137. Margin and Padding: Short Rules
ďŽ margin: 5px;
ď Sets all four sides to have margin of 5 px;
ďŽ margin: 10px 20px;
ď top and bottom to 10px, left and right to 20px;
ďŽ margin: 5px 3px 8px;
ď top 5px, left/right 3px, bottom 8px
ďŽ margin: 1px 3px 5px 7px;
ď top, right, bottom, left (clockwise from top)
ďŽ Same for padding
137
139. IE Quirks Mode
ďŽ When using quirks
mode (pages with no
DOCTYPE or with a
HTML 4Transitional
DOCTYPE), Internet
Explorer violates the
box model standard
139
140. Positioning
ďŽ position: defines the positioning of the
element in the page content flow
ďŽ The value is one of:
ď static (default)
ď relative â relative position according to where
the element would appear with static position
ď absolute â position according to the innermost
positioned parent element
ď fixed â same as absolute, but ignores page
scrolling
140
141. Positioning (2)
ďŽ MarginVS relative positioning
ďŽ Fixed and absolutely positioned elements do
not influence the page normal flow and usually
stay on top of other elements
ď Their position and size is ignored when
calculating the size of parent element or
position of surrounding elements
ď Overlaid according to their z-index
ď Inline fixed or absolutely positioned elements
can apply height like block-level elements
141
142. Positioning (3)
ďŽ top, left, bottom, right: specifies offset of
absolute/fixed/relative positioned element as
numerical values
ďŽ z-index : specifies the stack level of
positioned elements
ď Understanding stacking context
142
Each positioned element creates a stacking
context.
Elements in different stacking contexts are
overlapped according to the stacking order of
their containers. For example, there is no way
for #A1 and #A2 (children of #A) to be placed
over #B without increasing the z-index of #A.
143. Inline element positioning
ďŽ vertical-align: sets the vertical-alignment
of an inline element, according to the line
height
ď Values: baseline, sub, super, top, text-top,
middle, bottom, text-bottom or numeric
ďŽ Also used for content of table cells (which apply
middle alignment by default)
143
144. Float
ďŽ float: the element âfloatsâ to one side
ď left: places the element on the left and
following content on the right
ď right: places the element on the right and
following content on the left
ď floated elements should come before the
content that will wrap around them in the code
ď margins of floated elements do not collapse
ď floated inline elements can apply height
144
146. Clear
ďŽ clear
ď Sets the sides of the element where other
floating elements are NOT allowed
ď Used to "drop" elements below floated ones or
expand a container, which contains only floated
children
ď Possible values: left, right, both
ďŽ Clearing floats
ď additional element (<div>) with a clear style
146
147. Clear (2)
ďŽ Clearing floats (continued)
ď :after { content: ""; display: block;
clear: both; height: 0; }
ď Triggering hasLayout in IE expands a container
of floated elements
ď display: inline-block;
ď zoom: 1;
147
148. Opacity
ďŽ opacity: specifies the opacity of the element
ď Floating point number from 0 to 1
ď For old Mozilla browsers use âmoz-opacity
ď For IE use filter:alpha(opacity=value)
where value is from 0 to 100; also, "binary and
script behaviors" must be enabled and
hasLayout must be triggered, e.g. with zoom:1
148
149. Visibility
ďŽ visibility
ď Determines whether the element is visible
ď hidden: element is not rendered, but still
occupies place on the page (similar to
opacity:0)
ď visible: element is rendered normally
149
150. Display
ďŽ display: controls the display of the element
and the way it is rendered and if breaks should
be placed before and after the element
ď inline: no breaks are placed before and after
(<span> is an inline element)
ď block: breaks are placed before AND after the
element (<div> is a block element)
150
151. Display (2)
ďŽ display: controls the display of the element
and the way it is rendered and if breaks should
be placed before and after the element
ď none: element is hidden and its dimensions are
not used to calculate the surrounding elements
rendering (differs from visibility: hidden!)
ď There are some more possible values, but not
all browsers support them
ď Specific displays like table-cell and table-row
151
152. Overflow
ďŽ overflow: defines the behavior of element when
content needs more space than you have specified by
the size properties or for other reasons.Values:
ď visible (default) â content spills out of the
element
ď auto - show scrollbars if needed
ď scroll â always show scrollbars
ď hidden â any content that cannot fit is clipped
152
153. Other CSS Properties
ďŽ cursor: specifies the look of the mouse cursor
when placed over the element
ď Values: crosshair, help, pointer,
progress, move, hair, col-resize, row-
resize, text, wait, copy, drop, and others
ďŽ white-space â controls the line breaking of
text.Value is one of:
ď nowrap â keeps the text on one line
ď normal (default) â browser decides whether to
brake the lines if needed
153
154. Benefits of using CSS
ďŽ More powerful formatting than using
presentation tags
ďŽ Your pages load faster, because browsers
cache the .css files
ďŽ Increased accessibility, because rules can be
defined according given media
ďŽ Pages are easier to maintain and update
154
155. Maintenance Example
155
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
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text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
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text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
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text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
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text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
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text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
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canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
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text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
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text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
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canât read it
anyway! Har har
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Title
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canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
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canât read it
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har! Use Css.
Title
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canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
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canât read it
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Title
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Title
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canât read it
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har! Use Css.
Title
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canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
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canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
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canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
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text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
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text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
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text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
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text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
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text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
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text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
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text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
anyway! Har har
har! Use Css.
Title
Some random
text here. You
canât read it
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har! Use Css.
Title
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text here. You
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CSS
file
160. Table of Contents
ďŽ What is DHTML?
ďŽ DHTMLTechnologies
ď XHTML, CSS, JavaScript, DOM
160
161. Table of Contents (2)
ďŽ Introduction to JavaScript
ď What is JavaScript
ď Implementing JavaScript into Web pages
ď In <head> part
ď In <body> part
ď In external .js file
161
162. Table of Contents (3)
ďŽ JavaScript Syntax
ď JavaScript operators
ď JavaScript DataTypes
ď JavaScript Pop-up boxes
ď alert, confirm and prompt
ď Conditional and switch statements, loops and
functions
ďŽ Document Object Model
ďŽ Debugging in JavaScript
162
164. What is DHTML?
ďŽ Dynamic HTML (DHTML)
ď Makes possible a Web page to react and change
in response to the userâs actions
ďŽ DHTML = HTML + CSS + JavaScript
164
DHTML
XHTML CSS JavaScript DOM
165. DTHML = HTML + CSS + JavaScript
ďŽ HTML defines Web sites content through
semantic tags (headings, paragraphs, lists, âŚ)
ďŽ CSS defines 'rules' or 'styles' for presenting
every aspect of an HTML document
ď Font (family, size, color, weight, etc.)
ď Background (color, image, position, repeat)
ď Position and layout (of any object on the page)
ďŽ JavaScript defines dynamic behavior
ď Programming logic for interaction with the
user, to handle events, etc.
165
167. JavaScript
ďŽ JavaScript is a front-end scripting language
developed by Netscape for dynamic content
ď Lightweight, but with limited capabilities
ď Can be used as object-oriented language
ďŽ Client-side technology
ď Embedded in your HTML page
ď Interpreted by theWeb browser
ďŽ Simple and flexible
ďŽ Powerful to manipulate the DOM
167
168. JavaScript Advantages
ďŽ JavaScript allows interactivity such as:
ď Implementing form validation
ď React to user actions, e.g. handle keys
ď Changing an image on moving mouse over it
ď Sections of a page appearing and disappearing
ď Content loading and changing dynamically
ď Performing complex calculations
ď Custom HTML controls, e.g. scrollable table
ď Implementing AJAX functionality
168
169. What Can JavaScript Do?
ďŽ Can handle events
ďŽ Can read and write HTML elements and
modify the DOM tree
ďŽ Can validate form data
ďŽ Can access / modify browser cookies
ďŽ Can detect the userâs browser and OS
ďŽ Can be used as object-oriented language
ďŽ Can handle exceptions
ďŽ Can perform asynchronous server calls (AJAX)
169
172. Using JavaScript Code
ďŽ The JavaScript code can be placed in:
ď <script> tag in the head
ď <script> tag in the body â not recommended
ď External files, linked via <script> tag the head
ď Files usually have .js extension
ď Highly recommended
ď The .js files get cached by the browser
172
<script src="scripts.js" type="text/javscript">
<!â code placed here will not be executed! -->
</script>
173. JavaScript â When is Executed?
ďŽ JavaScript code is executed during the page
loading or when the browser fires an event
ď All statements are executed at page loading
ď Some statements just define functions that can
be called later
ďŽ Function calls or code can be attached as
"event handlers" via tag attributes
ď Executed when the event is fired by the browser
173
<img src="logo.gif" onclick="alert('clicked!')" />
174. <html>
<head>
<script type="text/javascript">
function test (message) {
alert(message);
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<img src="logo.gif"
onclick="test('clicked!')" />
</body>
</html>
Calling a JavaScript Function
from Event Handler â Example
image-onclick.html
174
175. Using External Script Files
ďŽ Using external script files:
ďŽ External JavaScript file:
175
<html>
<head>
<script src="sample.js" type="text/javascript">
</script>
</head>
<body>
<button onclick="sample()" value="Call JavaScript
function from sample.js" />
</body>
</html>
function sample() {
alert('Hello from sample.js!')
}
external-JavaScript.html
sample.js
The <script> tag is always empty.
177. JavaScript Syntax
ďŽ The JavaScript syntax is similar to C# and Java
ď Operators (+, *, =, !=, &&, ++, âŚ)
ď Variables (typeless)
ď Conditional statements (if, else)
ď Loops (for, while)
ď Arrays (my_array[]) and associative arrays
(my_array['abc'])
ď Functions (can return value)
ď Function variables (like the C# delegates)
177
178. DataTypes
ďŽ JavaScript data types:
ď Numbers (integer, floating-point)
ď Boolean (true / false)
ďŽ String type â string of characters
ďŽ Arrays
ďŽ Associative arrays (hash tables)
178
var myName = "You can use both single or double
quotes for strings";
var my_array = [1, 5.3, "aaa"];
var my_hash = {a:2, b:3, c:"text"};
179. Everything is Object
ďŽ Every variable can be considered as object
ď For example strings and arrays have member
functions:
179
var test = "some string";
alert(test[7]); // shows letter 'r'
alert(test.charAt(5)); // shows letter 's'
alert("test".charAt(1)); //shows letter 'e'
alert("test".substring(1,3)); //shows 'es'
var arr = [1,3,4];
alert (arr.length); // shows 3
arr.push(7); // appends 7 to end of array
alert (arr[3]); // shows 7
objects.html
181. Arrays Operations and Properties
ďŽ Declaring new empty array:
ďŽ Declaring an array holding few elements:
ďŽ Appending an element / getting the last element:
ďŽ Reading the number of elements (array length):
ďŽ Finding element's index in the array:
181
var arr = new Array();
var arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5];
arr.push(3);
var element = arr.pop();
arr.length;
arr.indexOf(1);
182. Standard Popup Boxes
ďŽ Alert box with text and [OK] button
ď Just a message shown in a dialog box:
ďŽ Confirmation box
ď Contains text, [OK] button and [Cancel] button:
ďŽ Prompt box
ď Contains text, input field with default value:
182
alert("Some text here");
confirm("Are you sure?");
prompt ("enter amount", 10);
183. Sum of Numbers â Example
sum-of-numbers.html
183
<html>
<head>
<title>JavaScript Demo</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
function calcSum() {
value1 =
parseInt(document.mainForm.textBox1.value);
value2 =
parseInt(document.mainForm.textBox2.value);
sum = value1 + value2;
document.mainForm.textBoxSum.value = sum;
}
</script>
</head>
186. Greater than
<=
Symbol Meaning
>
< Less than
>= Greater than or equal to
Less than or equal to
== Equal
!= Not equal
Conditional Statement (if)
186
unitPrice = 1.30;
if (quantity > 100) {
unitPrice = 1.20;
}
187. Conditional Statement (if) (2)
ďŽ The condition may be of Boolean or integer type:
187
var a = 0;
var b = true;
if (typeof(a)=="undefined" || typeof(b)=="undefined") {
document.write("Variable a or b is undefined.");
}
else if (!a && b) {
document.write("a==0; b==true;");
} else {
document.write("a==" + a + "; b==" + b + ";");
}
conditional-statements.html
188. Switch Statement
ďŽ The switch statement works like in C#:
188
switch (variable) {
case 1:
// do something
break;
case 'a':
// do something else
break;
case 3.14:
// another code
break;
default:
// something completely different
}
switch-statements.html
189. Loops
ďŽ Like in C#
ď for loop
ď while loop
ď do ⌠while loop
189
var counter;
for (counter=0; counter<4; counter++) {
alert(counter);
}
while (counter < 5) {
alert(++counter);
} loops.html
190. Functions
ďŽ Code structure â splitting code into parts
ďŽ Data comes in, processed, result returned
190
function average(a, b, c)
{
var total;
total = a+b+c;
return total/3;
}
Parameters come
in here.
Declaring variables
is optional.Type is
never declared.
Value returned
here.
191. Function Arguments
and ReturnValue
ďŽ Functions are not required to return a value
ďŽ When calling function it is not obligatory to
specify all of its arguments
ď The function has access to all the arguments
passed via arguments array
191
function sum() {
var sum = 0;
for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i ++)
sum += parseInt(arguments[i]);
return sum;
}
alert(sum(1, 2, 4)); functions-demo.html
193. Document Object Model (DOM)
ďŽ Every HTML element is accessible via the
JavaScript DOM API
ďŽ Most DOM objects can be manipulated by the
programmer
ďŽ The event model lets a document to react when
the user does something on the page
ďŽ Advantages
ď Create interactive pages
ď Updates the objects of a page without reloading it
193
194. Accessing Elements
ďŽ Access elements via their ID attribute
ďŽ Via the name attribute
ďŽ Via tag name
ď Returns array of descendant <img> elements of
the element "el"
194
var elem = document.getElementById("some_id")
var arr = document.getElementsByName("some_name")
var imgTags = el.getElementsByTagName("img")
195. DOM Manipulation
ďŽ Once we access an element, we can read and
write its attributes
195
function change(state) {
var lampImg = document.getElementById("lamp");
lampImg.src = "lamp_" + state + ".png";
var statusDiv =
document.getElementById("statusDiv");
statusDiv.innerHTML = "The lamp is " + state";
}
âŚ
<img src="test_on.gif" onmouseover="change('off')"
onmouseout="change('on')" />
DOM-manipulation.html
196. Common Element Properties
ďŽ Most of the properties are derived from the
HTML attributes of the tag
ď E.g. id, name, href, alt, title, src, etcâŚ
ďŽ style property â allows modifying the CSS
styles of the element
ď Corresponds to the inline style of the element
ď Not the properties derived from embedded or
external CSS rules
ď Example: style.width, style.marginTop,
style.backgroundImage
196
197. Common Element Properties (2)
ďŽ className â the class attribute of the tag
ďŽ innerHTML â holds all the entire HTML code
inside the element
ďŽ Read-only properties with information for the
current element and its state
ď tagName, offsetWidth, offsetHeight,
scrollHeight, scrollTop, nodeType, etcâŚ
197
198. Accessing Elements through
the DOMTree Structure
ďŽ We can access elements in the DOM through
some tree manipulation properties:
ď element.childNodes
ď element.parentNode
ď element.nextSibling
ď element.previousSibling
ď element.firstChild
ď element.lastChild
198
199. Accessing Elements through
the DOMTree â Example
ďŽ Warning: may not return what you expected
due to Browser differences
199
var el = document.getElementById('div_tag');
alert (el.childNodes[0].value);
alert (el.childNodes[1].
getElementsByTagName('span').id);
âŚ
<div id="div_tag">
<input type="text" value="test text" />
<div>
<span id="test">test span</span>
</div>
</div> accessing-elements-demo.html
201. The HTML DOM Event Model
ďŽ JavaScript can register event handlers
ď Events are fired by the Browser and are sent to
the specified JavaScript event handler function
ď Can be set with HTML attributes:
ď Can be accessed through the DOM:
201
<img src="test.gif" onclick="imageClicked()" />
var img = document.getElementById("myImage");
img.onclick = imageClicked;
202. The HTML DOM Event Model (2)
ďŽ All event handlers receive one parameter
ď It brings information about the event
ď Contains the type of the event (mouse click, key
press, etc.)
ď Data about the location where the event has
been fired (e.g. mouse coordinates)
ď Holds a reference to the event sender
ď E.g. the button that was clicked
202
203. The HTML DOM Event Model (3)
ď Holds information about the state of [Alt], [Ctrl]
and [Shift] keys
ď Some browsers do not send this object, but
place it in the document.event
ď Some of the names of the eventâs object
properties are browser-specific
203
204. Common DOM Events
ďŽ Mouse events:
ď onclick, onmousedown, onmouseup
ď onmouseover, onmouseout, onmousemove
ďŽ Key events:
ď onkeypress, onkeydown, onkeyup
ď Only for input fields
ďŽ Interface events:
ď onblur, onfocus
ď onscroll
204
205. Common DOM Events (2)
ďŽ Form events
ď onchange â for input fields
ď onsubmit
ď Allows you to cancel a form submission
ď Useful for form validation
ďŽ Miscellaneous events
ď onload, onunload
ď Allowed only for the <body> element
ď Fires when all content on the page was loaded /
unloaded 205
208. Built-in Browser Objects
ďŽ The browser provides some read-only data via:
ď window
ď The top node of the DOM tree
ď Represents the browser's window
ď document
ď holds information the current loaded document
ď screen
ď Holds the userâs display properties
ď browser
ď Holds information about the browser
208
209. DOM Hierarchy â Example
209
window
navigator screen document history location
form
button form
form
210. Opening New Window â Example
ďŽ window.open()
210
var newWindow = window.open("", "sampleWindow",
"width=300, height=100, menubar=yes,
status=yes, resizable=yes");
newWindow.document.write(
"<html><head><title>
Sample Title</title>
</head><body><h1>Sample
Text</h1></body>");
newWindow.status =
"Hello folks";
window-open.html
212. The Screen Object
ďŽ The screen object contains information about
the display
212
window.moveTo(0, 0);
x = screen.availWidth;
y = screen.availHeight;
window.resizeTo(x, y);
213. Document and Location
ďŽ document object
ď Provides some built-in arrays of specific objects
on the currently loaded Web page
ďŽ document.location
ď Used to access the currently open URL or
redirect the browser
213
document.links[0].href = "yahoo.com";
document.write(
"This is some <b>bold text</b>");
document.location = "http://www.yahoo.com/";
214. FormValidation â Example
214
function checkForm()
{
var valid = true;
if (document.mainForm.firstName.value == "") {
alert("Please type in your first name!");
document.getElementById("firstNameError").
style.display = "inline";
valid = false;
}
return valid;
}
âŚ
<form name="mainForm" onsubmit="return checkForm()">
<input type="text" name="firstName" />
âŚ
</form>
form-validation.html
215. The Math Object
ďŽ The Math object provides some mathematical
functions
215
for (i=1; i<=20; i++) {
var x = Math.random();
x = 10*x + 1;
x = Math.floor(x);
document.write(
"Random number (" +
i + ") in range " +
"1..10 --> " + x +
"<br/>");
}
math.html
216. The Date Object
ďŽ The Date object provides date / calendar
functions
216
var now = new Date();
var result = "It is now " + now;
document.getElementById("timeField")
.innerText = result;
...
<p id="timeField"></p>
dates.html
217. Timers: setTimeout()
ďŽ Make something happen (once) after a fixed
delay
217
var timer = setTimeout('bang()', 5000);
clearTimeout(timer);
5 seconds after this statement
executes, this function is called
Cancels the timer
218. Timers: setInterval()
ďŽ Make something happen repeatedly at fixed
intervals
218
var timer = setInterval('clock()', 1000);
clearInterval(timer);
This function is called
continuously per 1 second.
Stop the timer.
219. Timer â Example
219
<script type="text/javascript">
function timerFunc() {
var now = new Date();
var hour = now.getHours();
var min = now.getMinutes();
var sec = now.getSeconds();
document.getElementById("clock").value =
"" + hour + ":" + min + ":" + sec;
}
setInterval('timerFunc()', 1000);
</script>
<input type="text" id="clock" />
timer-demo.html
221. Debugging JavaScript
ďŽ Modern browsers have JavaScript console
where errors in scripts are reported
ď Errors may differ across browsers
ďŽ Several tools to debug JavaScript
ď Microsoft Script Editor
ď Add-on for Internet Explorer
ď Supports breakpoints, watches
ď JavaScript statement debugger; opens the script
editor
221
222. Firebug
ďŽ Firebug â Firefox add-on for debugging
JavaScript, CSS, HTML
ď Supports breakpoints, watches, JavaScript
console editor
ď Very useful for CSS and HTML too
ď You can edit all the document real-time: CSS,
HTML, etc
ď Shows how CSS rules apply to element
ď Shows Ajax requests and responses
ď Firebug is written mostly in JavaScript
222
224. JavaScript Console Object
ďŽ The console object exists only if there is a
debugging tool that supports it
ď Used to write log messages at runtime
ďŽ Methods of the console object:
ď debug(message)
ď info(message)
ď log(message)
ď warn(message)
ď error(message)
224