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Occupy the commons - by James Quilligan
1. The document discusses the "tragedy of the commons" where shared resources like pastures are overexploited because individuals act in their own self-interest. 2. It proposes occupying and organizing commons through informal practices, norms, and rules so that resource users become producers and stewards of their own resources. 3. Key elements of commons include resources, community, boundaries, rules, and value, with the goal of devolving power to local communities and restoring democratic decision-making.
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Occupy the commons - by James Quilligan
- 1. Occupy the Commons James B. Quilligan
- 2. Garrett Hardin • Apasture is shared by herders • No herder has an incentive to limit the number of cattle put into the pasture • Pasture will be overgrazed and destroyed
- 3. Tragedy of the Commons Private Sector Government Failed Commons
- 4. Open Access Common PoolResources - unorganized, unclaimed resources Open Source Commons - organized through informal practices, norms and rules
- 5. Commons Inherited or created gifts that we organize, use and steward during our lifetimes through informal practices and rules which we pass on to future generations
- 6. Modes of Commons •Traditional - seas, rivers, land, forests, atmosphere, arts, indigenous communities • Emerging - solar energy, internet, social networks, intellectual property
- 7. Key Elements •Resources • Community • Boundaries • Rules • Value
- 8. Resources Depletable Replenishable material, natural, genetic social, cultural, intellectual, solar, digital, natural, genetic
- 9. Community • Producers • Managers • Providers • Users
- 10. Boundaries • Extent ofthe Resource • Community Membership
- 11. Rules • Preservation • Access •Use • Governance • Production
- 12. Value • Arises fromthe gifts of nature • The capacities and cultures of past generations • The collective capacities of people today
- 13. Karl Polanyi Society-centered markets Market-centered societies Rural households Urban markets Matriarchal Patriarchal Credit-based Debt-based
- 14. How Did WeLose The Commons? • Inalienable rights eroded • Commodification • Enclosure of property • Division of labor • Universal standard of value • Private and public goods
- 15. Duopoly Market State
- 16. Liberal Capitalism Market State freedom equality Distorted through capital accumulation enforced private property economic & social inequality sovereign boundaries interest-bearing money state coercion
- 17. Modern Society Market State less government more government economic freedom social equality (people & their common resources taken for granted)
- 18. Third Sector? Market State Civil Society
- 19. Civil Society • A genuine voice of public opinion, but ... • Endorses private ownership models • Doesn’t involve resource users in production
- 20. Commons Groups of peopleproduce and organize their own resources and create value through their practices, norms and rules
- 21. Devolves Power to LocalCommunities • Pluralism • Subisdiarity • Polycentrism • Checks & Balances • Horizontal Democracy
- 22. Ends the Division of Labor Private Producers Govt Producers & Managers & Managers Workers/Users/Consumers become producers of their own resources
- 23. Restores Democratic Decision-Making • Co-Governance • Co-Production • Social Charters • Commons Trusts
- 24. Creates Trusts • Marx: Ownership of the means of production • Commoners: Production of the means of non-ownership, i.e. trusts
- 25. Transforms Property Private Ownership State Ownership Commons Trusteeship Cooperative associations distribute decision-making and productive power among resource users, workers and producers
- 26.
- 27. Recovers the Vision of Democracy Market State spontaneous, rule-based self-organizing society system Commons self-organizing communities produce and manage their own resources through informal practices, norms and rules
- 28. Creates LivingDemocracies Market State freedom equality Commons people participate actively in their own culture resource users become producers of their own resources ownership > trusteeship
- 29. Enclosure Movement Liberal Capitalism 15th C - Today Government and market enclosures remove people from the sources of their living wealth and sustenance
- 30. Nonclosure Movement Occupy the Commons • Governments and markets are not the solution to failed commons, but the cause of their overuse and deterioration • Roll back enclosures that deny the rights of people to their means of survival, livelihood and well-being • ... and do not promote life, human dignity, security and peace
- 31. Occupy all Commons • Social • Cultural • Intellectual • Digital • Solar • Natural • Genetic • Material
- 33. Why Occupy? • Financial system > • Monetary system > • Ecological and energy crises > • Low-carbon production and trade > • Redefine the boundaries of resource domains
- 34. Occupy the Commons •Transform the economy and government into component parts of the biosphere > • Redefine the boundaries of resource domains > • Occupy the commons ...