Remove all @keyframes in reference import mode

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ and this project adheres to [Semantic Versioning](https://semver.org/spec/v2.0.0
 - Improve performance and memory usage ([#15529](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss/pull/15529))
 - Ensure `@apply` rules are processed in the correct order ([#15542](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss/pull/15542))
 - Allow negative utility names in `@utilty` ([#15573](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss/pull/15573))
+- Remove all `@keyframes` contributed by JavaScript plugins when using `@reference` imports ([#15581](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss/pull/15581))
 - _Upgrade (experimental)_: Do not extract class names from functions (e.g. `shadow` in `filter: 'drop-shadow(…)'`) ([#15566](https://github.com/tailwindlabs/tailwindcss/pull/15566))
 
 ### Changed

packages/tailwindcss/src/ast.ts

@@ -325,6 +325,11 @@ export function optimizeAst(ast: AstNode[]) {
 
     // Context
     else if (node.kind === 'context') {
+      // Remove reference imports from printing
+      if (node.context.reference) {
+        return
+      }
+
       for (let child of node.nodes) {
         transform(child, parent, depth)
       }

packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/apply-compat-hooks.ts

@@ -276,14 +276,27 @@ function upgradeToFullPluginSupport({
     }
   }
 
-  let pluginApi = buildPluginApi(designSystem, ast, resolvedConfig, {
-    set current(value: number) {
-      features |= value
+  let pluginApiConfig = {
+    designSystem,
+    ast,
+    resolvedConfig,
+    featuresRef: {
+      set current(value: number) {
+        features |= value
+      },
     },
-  })
+  }
+
+  let pluginApi = buildPluginApi({ ...pluginApiConfig, referenceMode: false })
+  let referenceModePluginApi = undefined
 
   for (let { handler, reference } of resolvedConfig.plugins) {
-    handler(reference ? { ...pluginApi, addBase: () => {} } : pluginApi)
+    if (reference) {
+      referenceModePluginApi ||= buildPluginApi({ ...pluginApiConfig, referenceMode: true })
+      handler(referenceModePluginApi)
+    } else {
+      handler(pluginApi)
+    }
   }
 
   // Merge the user-configured theme keys into the design system. The compat

packages/tailwindcss/src/compat/plugin-api.ts

@@ -86,14 +86,22 @@ export type PluginAPI = {
 
 const IS_VALID_UTILITY_NAME = /^[a-z@][a-zA-Z0-9/%._-]*$/
 
-export function buildPluginApi(
-  designSystem: DesignSystem,
-  ast: AstNode[],
-  resolvedConfig: ResolvedConfig,
-  featuresRef: { current: Features },
-): PluginAPI {
+export function buildPluginApi({
+  designSystem,
+  ast,
+  resolvedConfig,
+  featuresRef,
+  referenceMode,
+}: {
+  designSystem: DesignSystem
+  ast: AstNode[]
+  resolvedConfig: ResolvedConfig
+  featuresRef: { current: Features }
+  referenceMode: boolean
+}): PluginAPI {
   let api: PluginAPI = {
     addBase(css) {
+      if (referenceMode) return
       let baseNodes = objectToAst(css)
       featuresRef.current |= substituteFunctions(baseNodes, designSystem)
       ast.push(atRule('@layer', 'base', baseNodes))
@@ -212,7 +220,9 @@ export function buildPluginApi(
 
       for (let [name, css] of entries) {
         if (name.startsWith('@keyframes ')) {
-          ast.push(rule(name, objectToAst(css)))
+          if (!referenceMode) {
+            ast.push(rule(name, objectToAst(css)))
+          }
           continue
         }
 

packages/tailwindcss/src/index.test.ts

@@ -3212,7 +3212,7 @@ describe('`@import "…" reference`', () => {
       { loadStylesheet },
     )
 
-    expect(build(['text-underline', 'border']).trim()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`"@layer utilities;"`)
+    expect(build(['text-underline', 'border']).trim()).toMatchInlineSnapshot(`""`)
   })
 
   test('removes styles when the import resolver was handled outside of Tailwind CSS', async () => {
@@ -3241,13 +3241,91 @@ describe('`@import "…" reference`', () => {
         [],
       ),
     ).resolves.toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
-      "@layer theme;
-
-      @media (width >= 48rem) {
+      "@media (width >= 48rem) {
         .bar:hover, .bar:focus {
           color: red;
         }
       }"
     `)
   })
+
+  test('removes all @keyframes, even those contributed by JavasScript plugins', async () => {
+    await expect(
+      compileCss(
+        css`
+          @media reference {
+            @layer theme, base, components, utilities;
+            @layer theme {
+              @theme {
+                --animate-spin: spin 1s linear infinite;
+                --animate-ping: ping 1s cubic-bezier(0, 0, 0.2, 1) infinite;
+                @keyframes spin {
+                  to {
+                    transform: rotate(360deg);
+                  }
+                }
+              }
+            }
+            @layer base {
+              @keyframes ping {
+                75%,
+                100% {
+                  transform: scale(2);
+                  opacity: 0;
+                }
+              }
+            }
+            @plugin "my-plugin";
+          }
+
+          .bar {
+            @apply animate-spin;
+          }
+        `,
+        ['animate-spin', 'match-utility-initial', 'match-components-initial'],
+        {
+          loadModule: async () => ({
+            module: ({
+              addBase,
+              addUtilities,
+              addComponents,
+              matchUtilities,
+              matchComponents,
+            }: PluginAPI) => {
+              addBase({
+                '@keyframes base': { '100%': { opacity: '0' } },
+              })
+              addUtilities({
+                '@keyframes utilities': { '100%': { opacity: '0' } },
+              })
+              addComponents({
+                '@keyframes components ': { '100%': { opacity: '0' } },
+              })
+              matchUtilities(
+                {
+                  'match-utility': (value) => ({
+                    '@keyframes match-utilities': { '100%': { opacity: '0' } },
+                  }),
+                },
+                { values: { initial: 'initial' } },
+              )
+              matchComponents(
+                {
+                  'match-components': (value) => ({
+                    '@keyframes match-components': { '100%': { opacity: '0' } },
+                  }),
+                },
+                { values: { initial: 'initial' } },
+              )
+            },
+            base: '/root',
+          }),
+        },
+      ),
+    ).resolves.toMatchInlineSnapshot(`
+      ".bar {
+        animation: var(--animate-spin);
+      }"
+    `)
+  })
 })

packages/tailwindcss/src/index.ts

@@ -362,42 +362,6 @@ async function parseCss(
 
         // Handle `@import "…" reference`
         else if (param === 'reference') {
-          walk(node.nodes, (child, { replaceWith }) => {
-            if (child.kind !== 'at-rule') {
-              replaceWith([])
-              return WalkAction.Skip
-            }
-            switch (child.name) {
-              case '@theme': {
-                let themeParams = segment(child.params, ' ')
-                if (!themeParams.includes('reference')) {
-                  child.params = (child.params === '' ? '' : ' ') + 'reference'
-                }
-                return WalkAction.Skip
-              }
-              case '@import':
-              case '@config':
-              case '@plugin':
-              case '@variant':
-              case '@utility': {
-                return WalkAction.Skip
-              }
-
-              case '@media':
-              case '@supports':
-              case '@layer': {
-                // These rules should be recursively traversed as these might be
-                // inserted by the `@import` resolution.
-                return
-              }
-
-              default: {
-                replaceWith([])
-                return WalkAction.Skip
-              }
-            }
-          })
-
           node.nodes = [contextNode({ reference: true }, node.nodes)]
         }
 
@@ -420,6 +384,10 @@ async function parseCss(
     if (node.name === '@theme') {
       let [themeOptions, themePrefix] = parseThemeOptions(node.params)
 
+      if (context.reference) {
+        themeOptions |= ThemeOptions.REFERENCE
+      }
+
       if (themePrefix) {
         if (!IS_VALID_PREFIX.test(themePrefix)) {
           throw new Error(