Color Properties

Property Description CSS

color Sets the color of text 1
opacity Sets the opacity level for an element 3
Background and Border Properties
Property Description CSS
background Sets all the background properties in one declaration 1
background-attachment
Sets whether a background image is fixed or scrolls with the rest
of the page
1
background-color Sets the background color of an element 1
background-image Sets the background image for an element 1
background-position Sets the starting position of a background image 1
background-repeat Sets how a background image will be repeated 1
background-clip Specifies the painting area of the background 3
background-origin Specifies the positioning area of the background images 3
background-size Specifies the size of the background images 3
border Sets all the border properties in one declaration 1
border-bottom Sets all the bottom border properties in one declaration 1
border-bottom-color Sets the color of the bottom border 1
border-bottom-left-radius Defines the shape of the border of the bottom-left corner 3
border-bottom-right-
radius
Defines the shape of the border of the bottom-right corner 3
border-bottom-style Sets the style of the bottom border 1
border-bottom-width Sets the width of the bottom border 1
border-color Sets the color of the four borders 1
border-image
A shorthand property for setting all the border-image-*
properties
3
border-image-outset
Specifies the amount by which the border image area extends
beyond the border box
3
border-image-repeat
Specifies whether the image-border should be repeated, rounded
or stretched
3
border-image-slice Specifies the inward offsets of the image-border 3
border-image-source Specifies an image to be used as a border 3
border-image-width Specifies the widths of the image-border 3
border-left Sets all the left border properties in one declaration 1
border-left-color Sets the color of the left border 1
border-left-style Sets the style of the left border 1
border-left-width Sets the width of the left border 1
border-radius
A shorthand property for setting all the four border-*-radius
properties
3
border-right Sets all the right border properties in one declaration 1
border-right-color Sets the color of the right border 1
border-right-style Sets the style of the right border 1
border-right-width Sets the width of the right border 1
border-style Sets the style of the four borders 1
border-top Sets all the top border properties in one declaration 1
border-top-color Sets the color of the top border 1
border-top-left-radius Defines the shape of the border of the top-left corner 3
border-top-right-radius Defines the shape of the border of the top-right corner 3
border-top-style Sets the style of the top border 1
border-top-width Sets the width of the top border 1
border-width Sets the width of the four borders 1
box-decoration-break
Sets the behaviour of the background and border of an element
at page-break, or, for in-line elements, at line-break.
3
box-shadow Attaches one or more drop-shadows to the box 3
Basic Box Properties
Property Description CSS
bottom Specifies the bottom position of a positioned element 2
clear
Specifies which sides of an element where other floating
elements are not allowed
1
clip Clips an absolutely positioned element 2
display Specifies how a certain HTML element should be displayed 1
float Specifies whether or not a box should float 1
height Sets the height of an element 1
left Specifies the left position of a positioned element 2
overflow Specifies what happens if content overflows an element's box 2
overflow-x
Specifies whether or not to clip the left/right edges of the
content, if it overflows the element's content area
3
overflow-y
Specifies whether or not to clip the top/bottom edges of the
content, if it overflows the element's content area
3
padding Sets all the padding properties in one declaration 1
padding-bottom Sets the bottom padding of an element 1
padding-left Sets the left padding of an element 1
padding-right Sets the right padding of an element 1
padding-top Sets the top padding of an element 1
position
Specifies the type of positioning method used for an element
(static, relative, absolute or fixed)
2
right Specifies the right position of a positioned element 2
top Specifies the top position of a positioned element 2
visibility Specifies whether or not an element is visible 2
width Sets the width of an element 1
vertical-align Sets the vertical alignment of an element 1
z-index Sets the stack order of a positioned element 2
Flexible Box Layout
Property Description CSS
align-content
Specifies the alignment between the lines inside a flexible
container when the items do not use all available space.
3
align-items Specifies the alignment for items inside a flexible container. 3
align-self
Specifies the alignment for selected items inside a flexible
container.
3
display Specifies how a certain HTML element should be displayed 1
flex Specifies the length of the item, relative to the rest 3
flex-basis Specifies the initial length of a flexible item 3
flex-direction Specifies the direction of the flexible items 3
flex-flow
A shorthand property for the flex-direction and the flex-wrap
properties
3
flex-grow Specifies how much the item will grow relative to the rest 3
flex-shrink Specifies how the item will shrink relative to the rest 3
flex-wrap Specifies whether the flexible items should wrap or not 3
justify-content
Specifies the alignment between the items inside a flexible
container when the items do not use all available space.
3
margin Sets all the margin properties in one declaration 1
margin-bottom Sets the bottom margin of an element 1
margin-left Sets the left margin of an element 1
margin-right Sets the right margin of an element 1
margin-top Sets the top margin of an element 1
max-height Sets the maximum height of an element 2
max-width Sets the maximum width of an element 2
min-height Sets the minimum height of an element 2
min-width Sets the minimum width of an element 2
order Sets the order of the flexible item, relative to the rest 3
Text Properties
Property Description CSS
hanging-punctuation
Specifies whether a punctuation character may be placed outside
the line box
3
hyphens Sets how to split words to improve the layout of paragraphs 3
letter-spacing Increases or decreases the space between characters in a text 1
line-break

3
line-height Sets the line height 1
overflow-wrap

3
tab-size Specifies the length of the tab-character 3
text-align Specifies the horizontal alignment of text 1
text-align-last
Describes how the last line of a block or a line right before a
forced line break is aligned when text-align is "justify"
3
text-indent Specifies the indentation of the first line in a text-block 1
text-justify
Specifies the justification method used when text-align is
"justify"
3
text-transform Controls the capitalization of text 1
white-space Specifies how white-space inside an element is handled 1
word-break Specifies line breaking rules for non-CJK scripts 3
word-spacing Increases or decreases the space between words in a text 1
word-wrap
Allows long, unbreakable words to be broken and wrap to the
next line
3
Text Decoration Properties
Property Description CSS
text-decoration Specifies the decoration added to text 1
text-decoration-color Specifies the color of the text-decoration 3
text-decoration-line Specifies the type of line in a text-decoration 3
text-decoration-style Specifies the style of the line in a text decoration 3
text-shadow Adds shadow to text 3
text-underline-position

3
Font Properties
Property Description CSS
font Sets all the font properties in one declaration 1
font-family Specifies the font family for text 1
font-feature-setting

3
@font-feature-values

3
font-kerning

3
font-language-override

3
font-synthesis

3
font-variant-alternates

3
font-variant-caps

3
font-variant-east-asian

3
font-variant-ligatures

3
font-variant-numeric

3
font-variant-position

3
font-size Specifies the font size of text 1
font-style Specifies the font style for text 1
font-variant
Specifies whether or not a text should be displayed in a small-
caps font
1
font-weight Specifies the weight of a font 1
@font-face
A rule that allows websites to download and use fonts other than
the "web-safe" fonts
3
font-size-adjust Preserves the readability of text when font fallback occurs 3
font-stretch
Selects a normal, condensed, or expanded face from a font
family
3
Writing Modes Properties
Property Description CSS
direction Specifies the text direction/writing direction 2
text-orientation

3
text-combine-horizontal

3
unicode-bidi
Used together with the direction property to set or return
whether the text should be overridden to support multiple
languages in the same document
2
writing-mode

3
Table Properties
Property Description CSS
border-collapse Specifies whether or not table borders should be collapsed 2
border-spacing Specifies the distance between the borders of adjacent cells 2
caption-side Specifies the placement of a table caption 2
empty-cells
Specifies whether or not to display borders and background on
empty cells in a table
2
table-layout Sets the layout algorithm to be used for a table 2
Lists and Counters Properties
Property Description CSS
counter-increment Increments one or more counters 2
counter-reset Creates or resets one or more counters 2
list-style Sets all the properties for a list in one declaration 1
list-style-image Specifies an image as the list-item marker 1
list-style-position
Specifies if the list-item markers should appear inside or outside
the content flow
1
list-style-type Specifies the type of list-item marker 1
Animation Properties
Property Description CSS
@keyframes Specifies the animation 3
animation
A shorthand property for all the animation properties below,
except the animation-play-state property
3
animation-delay Specifies when the animation will start 3
animation-direction
Specifies whether or not the animation should play in reverse on
alternate cycles
3
animation-duration
Specifies how many seconds or milliseconds an animation takes
to complete one cycle
3
animation-fill-mode
Specifies what values are applied by the animation outside the
time it is executing
3
animation-iteration-count Specifies the number of times an animation should be played 3
animation-name Specifies a name for the @keyframes animation 3
animation-timing-function Specifies the speed curve of the animation 3
animation-play-state Specifies whether the animation is running or paused 3
Transform Properties
Property Description CSS
backface-visibility Defines whether or not an element should be visible when not 3
facing the screen
perspective Specifies the perspective on how 3D elements are viewed 3
perspective-origin Specifies the bottom position of 3D elements 3
transform Applies a 2D or 3D transformation to an element 3
transform-origin Allows you to change the position on transformed elements 3
transform-style Specifies how nested elements are rendered in 3D space 3
Transitions Properties
Property Description CSS
transition A shorthand property for setting the four transition properties 3
transition-property
Specifies the name of the CSS property the transition effect is
for
3
transition-duration
Specifies how many seconds or milliseconds a transition effect
takes to complete
3
transition-timing-function Specifies the speed curve of the transition effect 3
transition-delay Specifies when the transition effect will start 3
Basic User Interface Properties
Property Description CSS
box-sizing
Allows you to define certain elements to fit an area in a certain
way
3
content
Used with the :before and :after pseudo-elements, to insert
generated content
2
cursor Specifies the type of cursor to be displayed 2
icon
Provides the author the ability to style an element with an iconic
equivalent
3
ime-mode

3
nav-down
Specifies where to navigate when using the arrow-down
navigation key
3
nav-index Specifies the tabbing order for an element 3
nav-left
Specifies where to navigate when using the arrow-left
navigation key
3
nav-right
Specifies where to navigate when using the arrow-right
navigation key
3
nav-up
Specifies where to navigate when using the arrow-up navigation
key
3
outline Sets all the outline properties in one declaration 2
outline-color Sets the color of an outline 2
outline-offset Offsets an outline, and draws it beyond the border edge 3
outline-style Sets the style of an outline 2
outline-width Sets the width of an outline 2
resize Specifies whether or not an element is resizable by the user 3
text-overflow
Specifies what should happen when text overflows the
containing element
3
Multi-column Layout Properties
Property Description CSS
break-after

3
break-before

3
break-inside

3
column-count
Specifies the number of columns an element should be divided
into
3
column-fill Specifies how to fill columns 3
column-gap Specifies the gap between the columns 3
column-rule A shorthand property for setting all the column-rule-* properties 3
column-rule-color Specifies the color of the rule between columns 3
column-rule-style Specifies the style of the rule between columns 3
column-rule-width Specifies the width of the rule between columns 3
column-span Specifies how many columns an element should span across 3
column-width Specifies the width of the columns 3
columns
A shorthand property for setting column-width and column-
count
3
widows
Sets the minimum number of lines that must be left at the top of
a page when a page break occurs inside an element
2
Paged Media
Property Description CSS
orphans
Sets the minimum number of lines that must be left at the
bottom of a page when a page break occurs inside an element
2
page-break-after Sets the page-breaking behavior after an element 2
page-break-before Sets the page-breaking behavior before an element 2
page-break-inside Sets the page-breaking behavior inside an element 2
Generated Content for Paged Media
Property Description CSS
marks Adds crop and/or cross marks to the document 3
quotes Sets the type of quotation marks for embedded quotations 2
Filter Effects Properties
Property Description CSS
filter

3
Image Values and Replaced Content
Property Description CSS
image-orientation
Specifies a rotation in the right or clockwise direction that a user
agent applies to an image
3
image-rendering

3
image-resolution

3
object-fit

3
object-position

3
Masking Properties
Property Description CSS
mask

3
mask-type

3
Speech Properties
Property Description CSS
mark
A shorthand property for setting the mark-before and mark-after
properties
3
mark-after Allows named markers to be attached to the audio stream 3
mark-before Allows named markers to be attached to the audio stream 3
phonemes
Specifies a phonetic pronunciation for the text contained by the
corresponding element
3
rest
A shorthand property for setting the rest-before and rest-after
properties
3
rest-after
Specifies a rest or prosodic boundary to be observed after
speaking an element's content
3
rest-before Specifies a rest or prosodic boundary to be observed before 3
speaking an element's content
voice-balance Specifies the balance between left and right channels 3
voice-duration
Specifies how long it should take to render the selected
element's content
3
voice-pitch Specifies the average pitch (a frequency) of the speaking voice 3
voice-pitch-range Specifies variation in average pitch 3
voice-rate Controls the speaking rate 3
voice-stress Indicates the strength of emphasis to be applied 3
voice-volume
Refers to the amplitude of the waveform output by the speech
synthesises
3
Marquee Properties
Property Description CSS
marquee-direction Sets the direction of the moving content 3
marquee-play-count Sets how many times the content move 3
marquee-speed Sets how fast the content scrolls 3
marquee-style Sets the style of the moving content 3



CSS Selectors
In CSS, selectors are patterns used to select the element(s) you want to style.
Use our CSS Selector Tester to demonstrate the different selectors.
The "CSS" column indicates in which CSS version the property is defined (CSS1, CSS2, or
CSS3).
Selector Example Example description CSS
.class .intro Selects all elements with class="intro" 1
#id #firstname Selects the element with id="firstname" 1
* * Selects all elements 2
element p Selects all <p> elements 1
element,element div,p Selects all <div> elements and all <p> elements 1
element element div p Selects all <p> elements inside <div> elements 1
element>element div>p Selects all <p> elements where the parent is a 2
<div> element
element+element div+p
Selects all <p> elements that are placed
immediately after <div> elements
2
element1~element2 p~ul
Selects every <ul> element that are preceded by a
<p> element
3
[attribute] [target] Selects all elements with a target attribute 2
[attribute=value] [target=_blank] Selects all elements with target="_blank" 2
[attribute~=value] [title~=flower]
Selects all elements with a title attribute
containing the word "flower"
2
[attribute|=value] [lang|=en]
Selects all elements with a lang attribute value
starting with "en"
2
[attribute^=value] a[src^="https"]
Selects every <a> element whose src attribute
value begins with "https"
3
[attribute$=value] a[src$=".pdf"]
Selects every <a> element whose src attribute
value ends with ".pdf"
3
[attribute*=value] a[src*="w3schools"]
Selects every <a> element whose src attribute
value contains the substring "w3schools"
3
:active a:active Selects the active link 1
::after p::after Insert content after every <p> element 2
::before p::before
Insert content before the content of every <p>
element
2
:checked input:checked Selects every checked <input> element 3
:disabled input:disabled Selects every disabled <input> element 3
:empty p:empty
Selects every <p> element that has no children
(including text nodes)
3
:enabled input:enabled Selects every enabled <input> element 3
:first-child p:first-child
Selects every <p> element that is the first child of
its parent
2
::first-letter p::first-letter Selects the first letter of every <p> element 1
::first-line p::first-line Selects the first line of every <p> element 1
:first-of-type p:first-of-type
Selects every <p> element that is the first <p>
element of its parent
3
:focus input:focus Selects the input element which has focus 2
:hover a:hover Selects links on mouse over 1
:in-range input:in-range
Selects input elements with a value within a
specified range
3
:invalid input:invalid Selects all input elemets with an invalid value 3
:lang(language) p:lang(it)
Selects every <p> element with a lang attribute
equal to "it" (Italian)
2
:last-child p:last-child
Selects every <p> element that is the last child of
its parent
3
:last-of-type p:last-of-type
Selects every <p> element that is the last <p>
element of its parent
3
:link a:link Selects all unvisited links 1
:not(selector) :not(p) Selects every element that is not a <p> element 3
:nth-child(n) p:nth-child(2)
Selects every <p> element that is the second child
of its parent
3
:nth-last-child(n) p:nth-last-child(2)
Selects every <p> element that is the second child
of its parent, counting from the last child
3
:nth-last-of-type(n) p:nth-last-of-type(2)
Selects every <p> element that is the second <p>
element of its parent, counting from the last child
3
:nth-of-type(n) p:nth-of-type(2)
Selects every <p> element that is the second <p>
element of its parent
3
:only-of-type p:only-of-type
Selects every <p> element that is the only <p>
element of its parent
3
:only-child p:only-child
Selects every <p> element that is the only child of
its parent
3
:optional input:optional Selects input elements with no "required" attribute 3
:out-of-range input:out-of-range
Selects input elements with a value outside a
specified range
3
:read-only input:read-only
Selects input elements with the "readonly"
attribute specified
3
:read-write input:read-write
Selects input elements with the "readonly"
attribute NOT specified
3
:required input:required
Selects input elements with the "required"
attribute specified
3
:root :root Selects the document's root element 3
::selection ::selection
Selects the portion of an element that is selected
by a user

:target #news:target
Selects the current active #news element (clicked
on a URL containing that anchor name)
3
:valid input:valid Selects all input elements with a valid value 3
:visited a:visited Selects all visited links 1