Senior High School

NOT

Information
and Communications
Technology
Computer System Servicing
Quarter 1 - Module 2
Performing Computer Operations

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 Lesson

2 Input Data into Computer

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Identify the types of programs/ applications software

2. Check the accuracy of information and save the information in accordance
with standard operating procedures
3. Classify the inputted data in storage media according to requirements

Technology has become the integral part of modernization in our society. It

opens door to information that will be needed by people who seeks knowledge through
the use of computer. Using computer, people can search and gain information by
simply accessing the internet. Just a click away, the information is being presented.

The things that are presented in the computer is simply coming from people
who puts information using computer. It is through the use of different programs/
applications software that could process the data being inputted by the person.

In this lesson, you will learn more about how a computer works.
 What Is It

The importance of applying OHS in every task that we do in the workplace

or in a laboratory is to avoid any accidents and injuries in order to attain our
desired output in doing the task.

As a computer system servicing student, to attain the desired goal in the

task given, you must also familiarize the components of the computer and how
the computer works in order to avoid confusions.

Exercise:

What is the difference between a software and a hardware? Write your answers
below.

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How Computer Works?

A computer is an electronic machine made up of hardware and software that work

together to do a task.

A software refers to a program or application installed into a computer to do a

specific task. The examples are word processing program and presentation program.
A hardware is computer parts or device that you can see or touch.

Each hardware performs a specific function. It could be as an Input Device or as an

Output Device.

What’s More

Exercise:

How can you relate the parts of the computer to a person?

What is Data?

Data is a collection of facts and figures, such as values or measurements.

The data is the raw material to be processed by a computer.

Data versus Information

When data are processed, interpreted, organized, structured or presented so as to

make them meaningful or useful, they are called information
Differences in Meaning

The raw input is data and it has no significance when it exists in that form. When
data is collated or organized into something meaningful, it gains significance.
This meaningful organization is information.

Types of Data

Numeric data
• The data which is represented in the form of numbers
• This includes 0-9 digits, a decimal point (.) +, /, - sign and the letters “E” or
“D”.

Character data
Data Processing Cycle

- Data processing is simply the conversion of raw data to meaningful

information through a process.
- The data is processed again and again until the accurate result is achieved.

Input

- Input is the task where verified data is coded or converted into machine
- readable form so that it can be processed through a computer

A hardware is an input device if it is used to enter data or give commands to the

computer. Two of the most common input devices are keyboard and mouse. A
keyboard is an input device because if you want to enter data to the computer, we
have to press the keys or each letter, numbers or special keys. A mouse is also an
input device because if you want to give instruction to the computer, we have to
press its buttons.
Processing

- Processing is when the data is subjected to various means and methods of

manipulation, the point where a computer program is being executed, and it
contains the program code and its current activity.
• Classifying
• Sorting
• Calculating
• Summarizing
• Comparing

Output
- Output is presented to users in various report formats like printed report,
audio, video or on monitor.
• Text
• Graphics
• Audio
• Video

A hardware is an output device if it gives the results done by the computer. Some
of the common devices are: monitor, which displays the text, graphics and
documents done in the computer; the printer, it prints on the paper the text and
graphics that you have inputted to. Speakers and headphones are output device
because through them you could hear sounds and music coming from your
computer.

Storage

- Storage is a location which data instruction and in which data, instruction and
information are held for future use
- Every computer uses to hold system software and application software
- A storage medium, also called secondary storage is the physical material in
the computer that keeps data, instruction and information.

Types of Data Processing

Manual Data Processing

The process of data entry implies many opportunities for errors, such as:
• Delays in data capture
• A high amount of operator misprints,
• High labor costs from the amount of manual labor required etc.
Electronic data processing

• Use of computers for recording, manipulating, and summarizing data

• Computer can help
• Accuracy
• Speed
• Consistency
• Storage capacity
• Automation

Computer data processing

The eleven data of processing operations in a computer are:

• Recording
• Verifying
• Duplicating
• Classifying
• Sorting
• Calculating
• Summarizing and reporting
• Merging
• Storing
• Retrieving
• Feedback

The components involved data processing

• Central Processing Unit (CPU)

• Computer Memory (RAM and ROM)
• Data bus
• Ports
• Motherboard
• Hard disk
• Output Devices
• Input Devices
Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Computer Memory (RAM and ROM)

• When the computer is doing any job, the data that have to be
processed are stored in the primary memory
• The following terms related to memory of a computer are discussed
below:
o Random Access Memory (RAM)
o Read Only Memory (ROM)
o Programmable read-only memory (PROM)
o Cache Memory
o Registers
Input Devices

- Keyboard: The layout of keyboard is just like the traditional typewriter of the
type QWERTY
- Mouse: It rolls on a small ball and has two or three buttons on the top
- Scanner: Scanner is an optical device that can input any graphical matter and
display it back

Output Devices

- Visual Display Unit: It is also called the monitor

- Speaker
- Printer: It is an important output device which can be used to get a printed
copy of the processed text or result on paper.
Computer Processing Operations

A computer can perform only the following four operations which enable computers
to carry out the various data processing activities we have just discussed

- Input/Output Operations
- Calculation and text manipulation operations
- Logic/Comparison Operations
- Storage and Retrieval Operations
 What’s More

Why is data important?

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What I Have Learned

Make a concept map about data processing.