Zamboanga Sibugay

GIYA
(Guided, Integrated, Yearning Activities)

for Learners
TLE - ICT - Computer Systems Servicing (CSS) 9
First Quarter Week 5 Day 1- 5

Learning Objectives:
1. Explain the function of application software;
2. Enumerate types of application software and it’s important.
3. Identify different input devices.
4. Appreciate the importance of choosing the right application
software for a specific purpose.
5. Follow work within ergonomic guidelines.
6. Value the importance of one’s health in a computer workstation.

CG Code: TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-Id-e-5

Written by:

JEVAN HOPE S. BALTAZAR

Titay National High School

0
DAY 1
MINI-LESSON

Good day learner! How are you? Welcome to

Computer Systems Servicing. Today, you will
be learning about Application Software, its
types, and its importance. Have fun!

SOFTWARE

Software - is the set of instructions (also called a program) that guides

the hardware to operate effectively. The software can be split into two
main types:
1. System Software – Any software required supporting the
production or execution of application programs, but which is not
specific to any particular application. Common operating systems
include Windows, Macintosh OS, OS/2, and UNIX.

Windows Mac OS X
s
Source: https://encrypted-
tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcREZx1MOdbt298qpz1QgA5uu98PVpYtBSo_3Q&usqp=CAU

2. Application Software – Designed to help the user to perform

singular or multiple related tasks. Examples of application software
are as follows:
A. Word processing software – a software program capable of
creating, storing, and printing documents. Unlike the standard
typewriter, users using word processors can create a document and
making any changes anywhere in the document.
Some of Word Processor Features
1. Insert text 5. Page size and margins
2. Delete text 6. Search and replace
3. Cut and paste 7. Print
4. Copy
Examples: Microsoft Word, WordPro, AppleWorks and etc.
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B. Spreadsheet software - An electronic spreadsheet consisting of rows
and columns is used to present and analyze data.

Some of Spreadsheet Features

1. Formulas 5. Cut/Copy/Paste with single
cells or ranges of cells
2. Functions 6. Cells formatting
3. Charts 7. Cells merging
4. Copy

Example: MS Excel, Lotus 123, Quattro Pro.

C. Presentation Software – a software program that helps create a

slideshow that addresses a topic. Presentation programs are often
used in businesses and schools for discussing a topic or for teaching.

Some of Presentation Software Features:

1. Insert Slide 5. Allows duplication content or
slide
2. Deletion of Inserted slides 6. Allows you to display the
presentation designed in a
slide show system. (View
Slide Feature)
3. Allows cut and paste slides 7. Allows animations and/or
in any order. sounds manipulations on
objects in the slide.
4. Copy

Example: Microsoft PowerPoint, Adobe Persuasion, HyperCard,

OpenOffice Impress and Scala Multimedia

D. Database Management System (DBMS) Software - A program that

controls the organization, storage, management, and retrieval of data
in a database. Users can create tables, queries, forms, and reports.

Examples: Microsoft Access, Oracle Database, MySQL and FoxPro

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 E. Desktop Publishing Software - Used to produce high-quality printed
documents such as magazines, greeting cards, posters, etc. Allows
you to use different typefaces, specify various margins and
justifications, and embed illustrations and graphs directly into the text.

Examples: Adobe InDesign, QuarkXPress, and MS Publisher.

F. Web Browser - a software application used to locate and display Web

pages.

Examples: Internet Explorer (IE), Mozilla Firefox, Opera, and Google

Chrome

G. Graphic Software/Image Editing Software - a program or collection

of programs that enable a person to manipulate visual images on a
computer.

Examples: Adobe Photoshop, PaintShop Pro, Adobe Illustrator’

II. GUIDED PRACTICE ACTIVITY

Directions: Answer the K-W-L chart. Write your answer on your

notebook.

K W L
What do you think What do you What did you
you KNOW about WANT to know LEARN about
computer about computer computer
application/software? application application
software? software?

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 III. INDEPENDENT PRACTICE ACTIVITY

DIRECTIONS: Using the concept web, answer the following:

Computer
Application
Software
Meaning

Examples
Types of COMPUTER
of
Application APPLICATION
Application
Software SOFTWARE
Software

Uses of
Application
Software

4
 IV. EVALUATION

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answer in your notebook.

___1. What is the main purpose of Word Processing Software?

a. to present and analyze data
b. to create, edit, save, and print documents
c. to display results of data manipulation for easier analysis and
presentation
d. to structure a database

___2. Which is NOT an example of Graphic Software?

a. MS Word c. Harvard Graphics
b. Macromedia Flash d. Adobe Photoshop

___3. What do you call a software application that is used to locate and
display web pages?
a. web browser c. graphic software
b. operating system d. DBMS software

___4. Which is NOT an application software?

a. spreadsheet c. word processor
b. presentation software d. operating system

___5. Which is an example of a spreadsheet software?

a. MS Excel c. MS word
b. MS Powerpoint d. MS Publisher

5
DAY 2
MINI-LESSON

Good day, learner! How are you?

Today, you will be learning about
input devices. Have fun!

Input Devices
Input Devices - Accepts data and instructions from the
user or from another computer system.
Two (2) Types of Input Devices
1. Keyboard Entry – Data is inputted to the computer through a
keyboard.
Keyboard - The first input device
developed for the PC. Data is
transferred to the PC over a short
cable with a circular 6-pin Mini-din
Figure 2. Keyboard connector that plugs into the back
of the motherboard.
2. Direct Entry – A form of input that does not require data to be keyed
by someone sitting at a keyboard. Direct-entry devices create
machine-readable data on paper, or magnetic media, or feed it
directly into the computer’s CPU.

Three Categories of Direct Entry Devices

1. Pointing Devices - An input device used to move the pointer
(cursor) on screen.
Mouse - The most common 'pointing
device' used in PCs. Every mouse
has two buttons and most have one
or two scroll wheels.

Figure 3. Mouse

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 Touch screen- A display screen that
is sensitive to the touch of a finger or
stylus. Used in myriad applications,
including ATMs, retail point-of-sale
terminals, car navigation and
industrial controls.
Figure 4. Touch screen device
Light-sensitive stylus wired to a
video terminal used to draw pictures
or select menu options. The user
brings the pen to the desired point on
screen and presses the pen button to
make contact.

Figure 5. Light Pen

Digitizer Tablet - A graphics
drawing tablet used for sketching
new images or tracing old ones. Also
called a "graphics tablet," the user
contacts the surface of the device
Figure 6. Digital Tablet with a wired or wireless pen or puck.
Often mistakenly called a mouse, the
puck is officially the "tablet cursor."

2. Scanning Devices- A device that can read text or illustrations printed

on paper and translates the information into a form the computer can use.

Figure 7. Bar Code Reader Figure 8. Image

scanner

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3. Voice- Input Devices - Audio input devices are also known as speech
or voice recognition systems that allow a user to send audio signals to a
computer for processing, recording, or carrying out commands. Audio
input devices such as microphones allow users to speak to the computer
to record a voice message or navigate software.

Figure 8. Microphones
Scanners
A scanner is a peripheral that reads images and converts them into
electronic codes which can be understood by a computer. There are
different types.

A flatbed is built like a photocopier

and is for use on a desktop; it can
capture text, color images and
even small 3 D objects.

Figure 9. Flatbed
A film scanner is used to film
negatives or 35 mm slides –
pictures on photographic film
mounted on a frame.

Figure 10. Film Scanner

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 A hand-held scanner is a small
T-shaped, ideal to capture small
pictures and logos.

Figure 11. Hand-held scanner

A pen scanner looks like a pen;
you can scan text, figures,
barcodes, and handwritten
numbers.

Figure 12. Pen scanner

Barcode scanners read barcodes on the products sold in shops

and send the price to the computer in the cash register. Barcodes consist
of a series of black and white stripes used to give products a unique
identification number.
Digital cameras

Figure 13. Digital Camera

A digital camera doesn't use a film. Photos are stored as digital

data (bits made up of 1s and 0s), usually on a tiny storage device known
as a flash memory card. You can connect the camera or memory card
to a PC and then alter the images using a program like Adobe Photoshop,
or you can view the images on a TV set.

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 Digital video cameras and webcams

Figure 14. Digital Video Camera and webcams

Webcams (short for web cameras) let you send and receive live
video pictures through the Internet. They are primarily used for video
conferences – video calls – but they can be used to record photos and
video onto your hard disk.
The resolution of webcams is expressed in megapixels (million
pixels). Webcams connect to the PC via a USB or FireWire port; they
display video at 24 to 30 frames (pictures) per second. Some include a
headset with a microphone and earpiece.

II. GUIDED PRACTICE ACTIVITY

Directions: Solve the clues and complete with the words from the
reading.
1. Scanners and cameras are _______________ devices used to
transfer images into a format that can be understood by computers.

2. _____________ lets you copy photos and printed documents into

your PC.

3. It has become one of life's most familiar sounds – the beep of the
supermarket till whenever a __________________ is scanned.

4. If you need to scan 35 mm _________________ you should go for

a dedicated 35 mm film scanner which concentrates all its dots into
a tiny area.

5. This scanner has a resolution of 300 x 600 ______________.

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 6. A _______________ scanner is small enough to hold in your hand.

7. A ______________ scanner is used to capture lines of text,

barcodes, and numbers.

8. Most digital cameras use flash ______________ cards to store

photos.

9. _______________ are scanners have a flat surface and take at

least A4-sized documents.

10. To scan photographic negatives or slides you will need a

______________ scanner.

III. INDEPENDENT PRACTICE ACTIVITY

Directions: Decide whether the sentences are true or false.

__________1. The details detected by a scanner are not determined by

its resolution.

__________2. A barcode scanner is a computer peripheral for reading

barcode labels printed on products.

__________3. Scanners cannot handle optical character recognition.

__________4. A digital camera uses a light sensitive film instead of a

memory card for storing the images.

__________5. A digital video (DV) camera is used to take still

photographs.

__________6. Video editing software allows you to manipulate video clip

on the computer.

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IV. EVALUATION

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the correct
answer. Write your answer in your notebook.

___1. What input device that is primarily used for video conferences –
video calls – but they can also be used to record photos and videos
onto your hard disk?
a. webcams c. film scanner
b. digital cameras d. hand-held scanner

___2. What is the most common pointing device used in PC?

a. touch screen c. mouse
b. digitizer tablet d. light pen

___3. What input device that can read barcodes on the products sold in
shops and sends the price to the computer in the cash register?
a. flatbed c. barcode scanner
b. pen scanner d. hand-held scanner

___4. What is another name of audio input devices?

a. speech or voice recognition systems flatbed
b. speech recognition
c. voice recognition
d. Realtek speaker

___5. Which input device does NOT belong to the group?

a. microphone c. light pen
b. monitor d. keyboard

12
DAY 3
MINI-LESSON

Hello, learner! Let’s continue our

topic. You will be learning now on how
to input data into the computer. Are
you ready?

File Storage in a Windows Environment

Microsoft Word is the most popular word processing program. It is

easy to use and allows you to create all different types of documents. Our
guides will show you how. - See more at:

https://www.digitalunite.com/guides/creating-documents/microsoft-
word#sthash.RSJvnqT8.dpuf

How to start a document

Microsoft Word is a word-processing application that can be part of

the Microsoft Office suite or a stand-alone program installed on your
computer. The program can be used to write letters and different types of
documents that can include graphics and pictures.
This guide explains how to open Microsoft Word and start a new
document, using the Windows 7 operating system. It can be found in the
‘Start’ menu under ‘Accessories’. Click on 'All programs' and then scroll
to the 'Accessories' folder.
You’ll need a computer with Microsoft Word installed then follow
these step-by-step instructions to start a document in Microsoft Word.

Step 1: From the desktop or your ‘Start’ menu, open Microsoft Word.

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If the Word 2013 icon does not appear you can search for it, using the
'Search programs and files' box in the picture above.

Step 2: Microsoft Word will open up and present you with an option to
select a document template or a blank document.

Step 3: If you don't want to use any of the templates on display, click on
the blank document.

Step 4: A new blank document will open up ready for you to start typing.

- See more at:

https://www.digitalunite.com/guides/microsoft-word/how-start-
document#sthash.4KqDAkbh.dpuf

How to move around a document

Microsoft Word is a very popular word-processing program. While it
can be used for typing letters and basic documents, a Word document
can also include pictures and graphics for making posters or even
birthday cards.

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 This guide explains how to move around a document in Microsoft
Word. It will feature Word 2010, but earlier versions of Word will use
similar steps or concepts.

You’ll need is a computer with Microsoft Word installed and then

follow these step-by-step instructions to move around a document.
Step 1: From the desktop or your ‘Start’ menu, open Microsoft Word.
Step 2: Click either File or the Office button at the top left. Select Open
and browse to the document you wish to open. Double-click on it with your
left-hand mouse button to open it.
Step 3: The flashing cursor (mouse pointer) in the document tells you
where you’re typing. Wherever the flashing cursor is placed, the letters
that you type will be inserted at that point. When you start a blank
document, the flashing cursor will be at the start of your document ready
for you to start typing.

Step 4: As you type, the cursor will also move with each letter. This guides
you so that you know where the focus is for typing.

15
Step 5: The mouse can be used for moving around a document. When
the mouse pointer is moved over a text area, the pointer will change from
an arrow to a ‘text select’ or ‘I-beam’ icon.

Step 6: Move the text select/mouse pointer with your mouse to where you
would like to change or add text. Click the left-hand mouse button. This
will then place the flashing cursor at the point where you have clicked so
that you can edit or insert text.

Step 7: You can also move around your document using the arrow keys
on the keyboard.

Step 8: Pressing these arrow keys will move the flashing cursor up a line
of text, down a line or left one character or right one character. Using a
combination of keystrokes can also move the cursor further – e.g. holding
down the Ctrl (control) key and pressing the left arrow key will move the
cursor left one word. Holding down Ctrl and pressing the up-arrow key
will move the cursor to the start of each paragraph.

- See more at:

https://www.digitalunite.com/guides/microsoft-word/how-move-around-
document#sthash.tr6622AN.dpuf

How to select text

Selecting or highlighting text enables you to change that text in
terms of style, font, and/or color or even replace the words if required.
This means that, even if you change your mind or want to make
your creations a little more interesting, it can be done easily and quickly
at different places in your document.
This guide explains how to select text in Microsoft Word. It will feature
Word 2010, but earlier versions of Word will use similar steps or concepts.
You’ll need a computer with Microsoft Word installed and then follow
these step-by-step instructions to select text in a document.

16
Step 1: If you are not already in a Word document, you will need to open
it. From the desktop or your ‘Start’ menu, open Microsoft Word.
Step 2: Click either File or the Office button in the top left. Select Open
and browse to the document you wish to open. Double-click on the file
name to open.
Step 3: The mouse can be used to select text. When the mouse pointer
is moved over a text area, the pointer will change from an arrow to a ‘text
select’ or ‘I-beam’ icon.

Step 4: Move the text select/mouse pointer with your mouse to where
you’d like to start your selection. Click and hold down the left mouse
button. While doing this, move the mouse across your text to where you’d
like the selection to stop. As you move the mouse, the text will be
selected. When you’ve finished your selection, release the left mouse
button.

Step 5: The selected text can now be formatted or changed if required.

Step 6: You can also move and select text using the arrow keys on the
keyboard, which some people may find easier than the mouse.

If you use a combination of keyboard keys – e.g. holding down Ctrl

and Shift and pressing the left or right arrow key – you can move the
cursor and select the text in different directions.

Step 7: Once the text is selected (highlighted), it can be changed or edited

as required.
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- See more at:
https://www.digitalunite.com/guides/microsoft-word/how-select-
text#sthash.Xs5cHl22.dpuf

How to copy and paste text

Copying text can be useful if you need to duplicate words you have
already typed as it saves time and effort.

This guide explains how to copy selected text and paste it into
another part of a document, using Microsoft Word 2010. Earlier versions
of Word will use similar steps and concepts.
You’ll need is a computer with Microsoft Word installed and then
follow these step-by-step instructions to copy and paste text
Step 1: Open an existing Word document or start a new document and
type your text.
Step 2: To copy text, it will need to be selected or highlighted with the
mouse first. When the mouse pointer is moved over a text area, the
pointer will change from an arrow to a ‘text select’ or ‘I-beam’ icon.

Step 3: Select your text so that it’s highlighted.

Step 4: Copy the text by clicking on the copy icon at the left-hand side of
the formatting ribbon.

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Step 5: Use the mouse to move the cursor to where you wish to paste the
copied text.
Step 6: Click Paste to insert the copied text in its new place in your text.

Step 8: Your text will now be duplicated in the new position in your
document.
Step 9: Once text is highlighted, it’s also possible to copy and paste it
using a keyboard shortcut instead of the mouse, which some people find
easier. To copy, press and hold Ctrl (the control key) on the keyboard and
then press the C on the keyboard. To paste, press and hold down Ctrl
and then press V.
- See more at:
https://www.digitalunite.com/guides/microsoft-word/how-copy-and-paste-
text#sthash.n5ZyApPa.dpuf

Left Click versus right click

When you look at your mouse, you should instantly notice that two (or
sometimes three) different buttons can be clicked. For most situations,
the user will use the left button. For this reason, when people refer to
‘click’ they are referring to left-click. In contrast, clicking on the right button
is always referred to as ‘right click’. In this job aid, we will always refer to
left-click as ‘click’, and right-click as ‘right click’.

File extensions
You may have noticed that file names are usually followed by a period
and three letters. This three-letter sequence is known as the ‘file
extension’ and is a way for the computer to recognize what type of file you
are opening. Some of the more common file extensions are as follows:
Microsoft Word - .doc
Microsoft Excel - .xls
Microsoft PowerPoint - .ppt
Images - .gif or .jpg
Video - .mov or .mpg
Sound or Audio - .mp3 or .wav
19
 Shortcut key strokes for Microsoft
Keyboard shortcuts are useful for computer users who want to
improve efficiency and lower the risk of repetitive stress injuries by
minimizing the need to use a mouse. Key strokes also known as Keyboard
commands, Hot Keys, or Shortcut Keys.
Here are some of the more useful shortcuts from the ‘File menu’:
New = CTRL + N
Open = CTRL + O
Save = CTRL + S
Print = CTRL + P
Commands from the ‘Edit menu’:
Cut = CTRL + X
Copy = CTRL + C
Paste = CTRL + V
Select All = CTRL + A
Find = CTRL + F
Undo = CTRL + Z

Open a Word document (.doc) and practice some of these

shortcuts. Ask the facilitators if needed.

II. GUIDED PRACTICE ACTIVITY

Directions: Matching type. Match Column A and Column B. Write
your answer in your notebook.

Column A Column B
___1. Cut A. CTRL + A
___2. New B. CTRL + C
___3. Undo C. CTRL + F
___4. Select All D. CTRL + N
___5. Paste E. CTRL + O
___6. Find F. CTRL + P
___7. Open G. CTRL + S
___8. Save H. CTRL + V
___9. Copy I. CTRL + X
___10. Print J. CTRL + Z

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III. INDEPENDENT PRACTICE ACTIVITY
Directions: Arrange the steps on how to start a document and fill in
the sequence in the appropriate box.

1. Microsoft Word will open up and present you with an option to

select a document template, or a blank document.

2. A new blank document will open up ready for you to start typing.

3. From the desktop or from your ‘Start’ menu, open Microsoft

Word.

4. If you don't want to use any of the templates on display, click on

the blank document.

IV. EVALUATION
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the
correct answer. Write your answer in your notebook.
1. What are the commands for Copy and Paste?
a. CTRL C and CTRL P c. CTRL P and CTRL C
b. CTRL C and CTRL V d. CTRL V and CTRL C

2. What is the command in highlighting all the text?

a. CTRL A c. CTRL X
b. CTRL Z d. CTRL F

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 3. What is the file extension of Microsoft Word?
a. .doc c. .ppt
b. .xls d. .jpg

4. Which is NOT a keyboard shortcut from the “File Menu”?

a. CTRL N c. CTRL P
b. CTRL O d. CTRL V

5. Which is NOT the importance of using keyboard shortcuts in

encoding?
a. To improve efficiency
b. To encode faster
c. To minimize the need to use a mouse
d. To maximize the need to use a mouse

ANSWER KEY

DAY 3

GUIDED PRACTICE

1. I 6. C
2. D 7. E
3. J 8. G
4. A 9. B
5. H 10. F

INDEPENDENT PRACTICE ACTIVITY

1. From the desktop or from your ‘Start’ menu, open Microsoft Word.
2. Microsoft Word will open up and present you with an option to select a
document template, or a blank document.
3. If you don't want to use any of the templates on display, click on the blank
document.
4. A new blank document will open up ready for you to start typing.

EVALUATION

1. B 4. D
2. A 5. D
3. A
22
DAY 4
MINI-LESSON

Good day, learner! Today, you’ll be

learning new and interesting topics .
Let’s proceed to the different storage
devices.

MEMORY AND STORAGE

Main memory is a key component of a computer system that works

in tandem with secondary storage. This allows the system to run
instructions, while secondary storage retains data.

Memory is the component of the computer that

holds data and programs that are currently in use. The main memory is
built inside the computer. This gives the processor fast access to the data
and instructions that the main memory holds.

There are two types of main memory:

1. Read-Only Memory (ROM) is non-volatile main memory - this

means that its contents are not lost when the computer is turned
off.
2. Random Access Memory (RAM) is a volatile main memory.
This means that once the computer is switched off,
the data and instructions held in RAM are lost. RAM is given the
term “random access” because data can be stored and accessed
from any location within the memory.
Secondary Storage
Secondary storage is non-volatile, long-term storage. Without
secondary storage, all programs and data would be lost the moment the
computer is switched off.

There are three main types of secondary storage in a computer

system:
1. solid-state storage devices, such as USB memory sticks
2. optical storage devices, such as CD, DVD, and Blu-ray discs
3. magnetic storage devices, such as hard disk drives

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Cloud Storage
Storing data at a remote location online is known as cloud storage.
When files and data are sent to the cloud, they are being sent to
a server that is connected to the internet.

How to Save a File

Saving files is a crucial part of working with documents, images,
videos, and any other files on a computer. Saving your work allows you
to come back and continue later, share your files with others, and protect
your work from errors and program failures.
1. Save often. Programs crash, and
often at the worst time. Protect
yourself from losing hours of work by
saving your files regularly. If you are
making changes to a file but don’t
want to overwrite the original, use the
“Save as” function to create a copy
with a new file name.

2. Name your saved files with

useful names. When you first save a
new file, you will be asked to create a
name for the file. Make sure that the
file name allows you to easily
recognize the file, and contains any
important such as the date or the
author of the file. This will help you
find what you need when you’re
searching for a specific file on your
computer.
3. Check the format when you save
your file. When you save a file for the
first time or use the “Save as”
command to create a new copy,
many programs will give you the
ability to change the format of the file.
This can usually be done by clicking
the dropdown menu underneath the
field for the file name.

24
 4. Organize your save folders. Most
operating systems will create a
Documents folder that your saved
files will be automatically placed in by
default.
▪ Use folders to sort by file type,
project, date, or any other
criteria you want.
▪ Most modern versions of
Windows use Libraries, which
allow you to keep files of the
same general type in one area.
5. Learn the keyboard shortcuts.
You can cut down a lot of time if you
learn the keyboard shortcuts for
saving files, especially if you find
yourself saving a lot. Pressing Ctrl+S
will save your file in most programs.
• Many programs have shortcuts
for the “Save as” function as
well. These shortcuts will vary
from program to program.
6. Backup your files. To prevent
data loss in the event of a computer
failure, make sure that you backup
your saved files often. This means
copying the saved files from your
Documents folder onto an external
hard drive or uploading them to a
cloud storage service.
Saving Files in Specific Programs
1. Save files in Microsoft Word. Word
is one of the most popular word
processing programs in the world, and,
as such, learning how to save files in
Word is an important skill to have.

25
Saving Files in Specific Programs

2. Save a file as a PSD file in

Photoshop. Knowing how to change the
format of your saved file is an important
basic computer skill

3. Save pictures from a website. The

internet is full of content, and you’ll
probably come across a picture or two
that you want to save for your use. All
web browsers allow you to easily save
images to your computer, and similar
steps work for saving other types of files
from websites.

4. Save a Google Doc. With cloud-

based document solutions becoming
more and more popular, chances are
you’re going to be doing some work in
Google Drive. While these files are
always saved in the cloud, you can
download and save them to your
computer so that you can open them
without accessing the internet.

Making shortcuts to files and programs (desktop icons)

Making shortcuts is one way to more easily access important files or programs
in your computer environment. One way to do this is to create icons that will sit on
your desktop that instantly link you to the files or programs you wish to open.

1. Right-click on the file or program.

2. This will open a drop menu with different selections. Drag the cursor over the item
‘Send to’, this will select it and open a new drop menu adjacently.
3. Drag the cursor over the item ‘Desktop (create shortcut)’, it will become
highlighted.
4. Click on this item.
5. The new icon should now be on your desktop.
6. In the future double-clicking on this icon will open your desired file or program.
7. This icon is a shortcut and can be deleted at any time since it is not the file itself.

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II. GUIDED PRACTICE ACTIVITY
Directions: Search for the 5 words tackled in this lesson inside the
puzzle. Write your answer in your test notebook.
Q Y R O M E M N I A M L S L
V I N E R G L B O Y T L I S
L M E S Q A O O R K L E G E
A X W S N R T O E N O S N L
G A S I T O T T K S T E A I
F S H O R T C U T S A O T F
E A S S E S S M E N T T U E
P A P V R U L A H E K U R V
L O N R B I R D C G W T E A
B A C K U P I E G S T R A S
1. _______________________________
2. _______________________________
3. _______________________________
4. _______________________________
5. _______________________________

III. INDEPENDENT PRACTICE ACTIVITY

Directions: Fill in the circles with at least 3 examples of the
different types of secondary storage.

1. 1.
2. 2.
3. 3.
Solid State Optical
Secondary Storage
Storage
Storage
Devices Devices

Magnetic
Storage
Devices

1.
2.
3.

27
IV. EVALUATION
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the
correct answer. Write your answer in your notebook.

___1. What is the difference between Read-Only Memory and Random

Access Memory?
a. ROM is non-volatile main memory; RAM is the volatile main
memory
b. ROM is the volatile main memory; RAM is the non-volatile main
memory
c. Both A and B
d. None of these

___2. What is the process of storing data at a remote location online?

a. primary storage c. cloud storage
b. secondary storage d. solid state storage devices

___3. What is the key component of a computer system that works in

tandem with secondary storage?
a. Main Memory c. Random Access Memory
b. Cloud Storage d. Read Only Memory

___4. Is secondary storage important?

A. Yes, because it allows the system to run instructions.
B. Yes, because it retains data.
C. Yes, because it allows data to be stored at a remote location
online.
D. None of these

___5. Why do we need to save often while encoding?

a. to avoid loss if programs crash
b. to easily locate files
c. to easily transfer files
d. to prevent data loss in the event of a computer failure

28
DAY 5
MINI-LESSON

Hello, learner! today you will be learning

about Ergonomic Guidelines. I hope
you willl apply it in your future
workstation.

Computer Workstation Ergonomics

There are various health problems associated with the
regular use of computers, such as stress, eyestrain, and injuries to
the wrists, neck, and back.
Employers must take steps to protect employees whose work
involves the regular use of computers.
Computer ergonomics is the discipline of matching the task to the
worker using the most appropriate equipment to optimize human well-
being and overall performance.
This can be simplified to ―Modify the workplace, not the individual".
Consideration should be given to:
▪ The accessories required to operate properly
▪ The layout of equipment on the desk
▪ The location of furniture in the room
Work Surface Height
▪ Adjust the height of the work surface and/or
the height of the chair so that the work
surface allows your elbows to be bent at 90
degrees, forearms parallel with the floor,
wrist straight, shoulders relaxed.
Chair
Adjust the seat tilt so that you are comfortable
when you are working on the keyboard. Your
knees should be bent at a comfortable angle and
greater than 90 degrees’ flexion. If this places an
uncomfortable strain on the leg muscles or if the
feet do not reach the floor, then a footrest should
be used. The footrest height must allow your
knees to be bent at 90 degrees.

29
Keyboard Placement
▪ Place the keyboard in a position that
allows the forearms to be close to the
horizontal and the wrists to be straight.
▪ Be careful not to have the wrist extended
or bent in an up position.
Screen Placement
▪ Set the eye to screen at the distance that permits you to most
easily focus on the screen. Usually, this will be within an arm's length.
Set the height of the monitor so that the top of the screen is below
eye level and the bottom of the screen can be read without a
marked inclination of the head.
▪ Eyes must be level with the tool bar. People who wear bifocal
or multi-focal lenses will need to get a balance between where
they see out of their lenses and avoid too much neck flexion.

Desk-Top Layout
Place all controls and task materials within a comfortable reach
of both hands so that there is no unnecessary twisting of any part of
the body.
Document Holder
Place this close to the monitor screen in the position that
causes the least twisting or inclination of the head.

Posture and environment

Change posture at frequent intervals to
minimize fatigue. Avoid awkward postures
at the extremes of the joint range, especially
the wrists. Take frequent short rest breaks
rather than infrequent longer ones. Avoid
sharp increases in work rate. Changes
should be gradual enough to ensure that the
workload does not result in excessive
fatigue. After prolonged absences from work
the overall duration of periods of
keyboard work should be increased
gradually if conditions permit.

30
Lighting
Place the monitor to the side of the light source/s not
directly underneath. Try to site desks between rows of lights.
If the lighting is fluorescent strip lighting, the sides of the desks
should be parallel with the lights. If the monitor is well away from
windows, there are no other sources of bright light and prolonged
desk-work is the norm, use a low level of service light of 300 lux. If
there are strongly contrasting light levels, then a moderate level of
lighting of 400 - 500 lux may be desirable.
Glare and Reflection
It is important to detect the presence of glare and
reflection. To determine whether there is glare from overhead lights
whilst seated the worker should hold an object such as a book
above the eyes at eyebrow level and establish whether the screen
image becomes clearer in the absence of overhead glare.
Using a Mouse
A well designed mouse should not cause undue pressure
on the wrist and forearm muscles. A large bulky mouse may
keep the wrist continuously bent at an uncomfortable angle.
Pressure can be reduced by releasing the mouse at frequent
intervals, by selecting a slim-line, low-profile mouse. Keep the mouse
as close as possible to the keyboard, elbow bent and close to
the body.
Posture during Keying
Good posture is essential for all users of
computers. It comprises of a natural and
relaxed position, providing an
opportunity for movement, and from
which the operator can assume several
alternative positions.
It is not a single, rigidly defined position.

Typing Technique
Typing is a physical activity, and using a keyboard requires
skill, hence the need to learn correct typing technique. Unskilled
('hunt and peck') typists are particularly at risk of Occupational
Overuse Injury because they: often use only one or two fingers
which may overload the finger tendons; are constantly looking
from keyboard to screen to keyboard, which may strain neck muscles;
often adopt a tense posture (wrists bent back and fingers 'poised to
strike').

31
 Speed of Keying
The efficiency and speed of modern computers make it possible
for a skilled operator to type extremely quickly. This capability
reinforced by workload pressures means the potential exists for
operators to key at speeds which may cause or contribute
to Occupational Overuse Syndrome. 10,000 - 12,000 keystrokes per
hour is considered an acceptable standard.

Length of time on the keyboard

The maintenance of a fixed posture for long periods is tiring and
increases the likelihood of muscular aches and pains. Also, long
periods of repetitive movement and sustained visual attention can
also give rise to fatigue-related complaints. It is recommended that
operators avoid spending more than five hours a day on keyboard
duties and no longer than 50 minutes per hour without a
postural/stretching break.

Points to Remember

Computers – Ergonomic Guidelines

▪ Viewing distance: The monitor should be 2 –2½ feet from the child’s
eyes.
▪ Time at the computer: Encourage children to use their physical
energy.
▪ Seat and height posture: The child should sit high enough to have
his arms bent at 90°
▪ Footrest: Use it to prevent dangling feet.
▪ Mouse: Find one that fits small hands.
▪ Keyboard: Child-sized keyboards with light pressure keying are
recommended.
II. GUIDED PRACTICE ACTIVITY
Directions: Read each statement below carefully. Place T on the line,
if you think a statement is TRUE. Place F, if you think the statement is
FALSE.
1. Your knees should be bent at a comfortable angle and greater
than 90 degrees flexion when sitting in front of a computer.

2. A well-designed mouse should not cause undue pressure

on the waist and forehead muscles.

3. Set the eye to screen at a distance that permits you to most

32
 easily focus on the screen.

4. Changing posture at frequent intervals maximizes fatigue

when using a computer.

5. Place the keyboard in a position that allows the forearms

to be close to the horizontal and the wrists to be straight.

6. It is recommended that operators avoid spending more than five

hours a day on keyboard duties and no longer than 50
minutes per hour without a postural/stretching break.
7. To detect whether there are reflections from the desk surface,
the worker should hold the book below the surface and assess
the change in reflected glare from the screen.

8. 10,000 - 12,000 keystrokes per hour is considered an

acceptable standard in typing.
9. Good posture is essential for all users of computers.
10. The solution is to increase the refresh rate of the monitor to at
least 75hz.

III. INDEPENDENT PRACTICE ACTIVITY

DIRECTIONS: Using the concept web, answer the following:

What is Ergonomics?

ERGONOMICS

Example of Ergonomics? Example of Ergonomics?

Example of Ergonomics?

33
IV. EVALUATION
Directions: Read the questions carefully. Choose the letter of the
correct answer. Write your answer in your notebook.
___1. Is the phone allowed to be closed to you when working?
a. Yes, if frequently used for important matters
b. Yes, for personal use
c. No, it will be a distraction
d. No, work must be done first

___2. About how many minutes of working one must take brief rest
breaks?
a. Every 30 to 60 minutes c. Every 4 hours
b. Every 5 to 10 minutes d. Not at all

___3. About how many minutes of working one must briefly look away
from the computer screen for a minute or two to a more distant
scene, preferably something more than 20 feet away?
a. Every 1 hour c. Every 30 minutes
b. Every 15 minutes d. Not at all

___4. What is the best sitting position?

a. Reclined sitting of 100-110 degrees
b. Reclined sitting of 120-130 degrees
c. Reclined sitting of 140-150 degrees
d. Erect sitting of 90 degrees

___5. What do you call a person who designs spaces to reduce

discomfort and fatigue?
a. Psychologist c. Neurologist
b. Ergonomist d. None of these

34
REFERENCES

Christensson, Per. "Path Definition." TechTerms. (February 5, 2009).

Accessed Jun 18, 2020. https://techterms.com/definition/path.

Lithmee, Difference Between Save and Save As 2018. Accessed June

18, 2020. https://pediaa.com/difference-between-save-and-save-as/

2019. CSCA0101 Computing Basics. Accessed June 16, 2020.

https://ftms.edu.my/v2/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/csca0101_ch07.pdf

2020. Filename. Accessed June 18, 2020.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filename

2020. Filename Extension. Accessed June 18, 2020.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filename_extension

2019. File Extension. Accessed June 18, 2020.

https://www.computerhope.com/jargon/f/fileext.htm
Merriam-Webster.com Dictionary, s.v. “software,” accessed July 1, 2020,
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/software.

Quality Assured/ Evaluated by:

AMETHYST S. KLING
Siay National High School

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