Technology and

Livelihood Education 9
Quarter
Computer Systems Servicing
1
Technology and Livelihood Education – CSS – Grade 9 Quarter 1 – Module 1: Specification
of Materials and Components

First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education - Schools Division of Pasig City

Development Team of the Self-Learning Module

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Quarter 1

Self-Learning Module1

Specification of Materials and

Components
Introductory Message

For the Facilitator:

Welcome to the (Technology and Livelihood Education Grade 9) Self-Learning Module

on (Specification of Materials and Components)!

This Self-Learning Module was collaboratively designed, developed and

reviewed by educators from the Schools Division Office of Pasig City headed by its
Officer-in-Charge Schools Division Superintendent, Ma. Evalou Concepcion A.
Agustin, in partnership with the City Government of Pasig through mayor,
Honorable Victor Ma. Regis N. Sotto. The writers utilized the standards set by the K
to 12 Curriculum using the Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELC) in
developing this instructional resource.

This learning material hopes to engage the learners in guided and

independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Further, this also aims
to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills especially the 5 Cs, namely:
Communication, Collaboration, Creativity, Critical Thinking, and Character while
taking into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing them
to manage their own learning. Moreover, you are expected to encourage and assist
the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

For the Learner:

Welcome to the (Technology and Livelihood Education Grade 9) Self-Learning Module

on (Specification of Materials and Components)!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time. You
will be enabled to process the contents of the learning material while being an
active learner.
This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

Expectations - This points to the set of knowledge and

skills that you will learn after completing the module.

Pretest - This measures your prior knowledge about the lesson at hand.

Recap - This part of the module provides a review of concepts and skills that
you already know about a previous lesson.

Lesson - This section discusses the topic in the module.

Activities - This is a set of activities that you need to perform.

Wrap-Up - This section summarizes the concepts and application of the

lesson.

Valuing - This part integrates a desirable moral value in the lesson.

Posttest - This measures how much you have learned from the entire
module.
 EXPECTATION S
At the end of the learning period, the students should be able to:

1. Understand the specification of materials and components;

2. Identify the specification of materials and components in specific work;

and;

3. Select the appropriate materials and components in related work.

PRETEST
Directions: Modified True or False. Write TRUE if the statement is correct. If
FALSE, change the underlined word/s to make the statement correct.

_________ 1. Coaxial cable features a tubular insulating layer that protects an inner
conductor which is further surrounded by a tubular conducting shield,
and might also feature an outer sheath for extra insulation.

_________ 2. Twin-Lead Cable are flat three-wire cables that are used for
transmission between an antenna and receiver, like TV and radio.

_________ 3.Transistors are “Passive Devices”, it contains no source of power or

amplification but only attenuate or reduce the voltage or current signal
passing through them.

_________ 4. Solid wire also known as solid-core or single-strand wire, is made up of

one piece of metal wire, and usually surrounded by protective
sheathing.

_________ 5. Diode or sometimes called a chip or microchip, is a semiconductor

wafer on which thousands or millions of tiny resistors, capacitors, and
transistors are fabricated.
 RECAP
Do you still remember our previous lesson in Module 1 about work order and
standard operating procedures? Let’s find out.

Directions: Rearrange the jumbled letters and words to form the

correct answer.

1. lityqua rddatans ___________________________________

- a protocol or guideline that will be used for strict implementation as a basis for
creating products, materials, components, accessories, and services.
2. orwk edrods ___________________________________
- These are used to request, assign, and track work that needs to be accomplished
by Facilities Operations for maintenance and others.
3. oodg lityauq ___________________________________
The most important factor in choosing materials to purchased.
4. erilblea ___________________________________
This is one of the factors to be considered to assure that the materials will perform
its function very well and operate safely.
5. olw stoc ___________________________________
This means that you can afford to buy materials without hurting your pocket and
assure of better quality.

SPECIFICATION OF MATERIALS AND COMPONENTS

A specification often refers to a group of documented requirements to be satisfied
by components, design, product, or service. It is often a type of technical standard.
There are various kinds of technical specifications (specs), and in different
technical contexts the term is used differently. They often refer to specific
documents, and/or specific information.
WIRES and CABLES
The terms wire and cable are often used to describe the same thing, but in fact
they are very different. Wire is a single electrical conductor, while a cable is a
group of wires which are swathed in sheathing. The term cable originally refers to a
nautical line of multiple ropes used to anchor ships, and cables (such as wires) are
used to carry electrical currents in an electrical context
Either indoors or outdoors, proper installation of wire and cable is of utmost
importance-maintaining a smooth supply of power, and passing electrical
inspections. That wire and cables needs to be carefully mounted, from the fuse box
to the sockets, fittings a smooth supply of power, and passing electrical
inspections. That wire and cable needs to be carefully mounted, from the fuse box
to the sockets, fittings, and appliances. The National Electrical Code (NEC) and
Local Building Codes regulate installation methods and wiring and cable types for
different electrical applications.

A. WIRES

A wire is a single metal strand, normally

cylindrical, flexible, or rod. Wires are used to
carry mechanical loads or signaling electricity
and telecommunications. Wire is typically
created by drawing the metal through a hole
in a die or draw plate.

https://www.dfliq.net/electrical-materials-products/electrical-wires-cables/

The term wire is used more loosely to refer to a bundle of such strands, as in
"multi-strand wire," which in mechanics is more correctly called a wire rope, or an
electric cable.

1. Types of Wires
 Solid  Fuse
 Magnet
 Stranded
 Litz
 Tinsel
  Braided
2 . Size of Wires
Increasing specification requires a certain wire size
for installation, and the wire gauge specifies the
appropriate size for a specific application. Wire
sizing is done using American Wire Gauge (AWG)
system. Popular wire sizes are 10, 12, and14-a
higher number means a smaller wire size and
reduces the amount of power it can hold.
For example, a low-voltage lamp cord with 10 Amps
will require 18-gauge wire, while service panels with
100 Amps will require 2-gauge wire.
https://www.dfliq.net/electrical-materials-products/electrical-wires-cables/

3. Wire Lettering
The letters THHN, THWN, THW and XHHN represent the main insulation
types of individual wires. These letters depict the following NEC requirements:

T – Thermoplastic insulation
H – Heat resistance
HH – High heat resistance (up to 194°F)
W – Suitable for wet locations
N – Nylon coating, resistant to damage by oil or gas
X – Synthetic polymer that is flame-resistant
4. Color Codes
Different color wires serve different purposes, like:
Black : Hot wire, for switches or outlets.
Red : Hot wire, for switch legs. Also for connecting wire
between 2 hardwired smoke detectors.
Blue and Yellow: Hot wires, pulled in conduit. Blue for 3-4
way switch application, and yellow for switch legs to
control fan, lights etc.
White: Always neutral.
Green and Bare Copper: Only for grounding.
https://www.dfliq.net/electrical-materials-products/electrical-wires-cables/

5. Wire Gauge, Ampacity and Wattage Load

To determine the right wire, it’s vital to grasp what ampacity and power a wire will
carry per gauge, gauge is that the size of the wire, ampacity is what proportion
electricity will flow through the wire and power is that the load a wire will take,
that is often mentioned on the appliances.
B. CABLES
The cable that is used for the transmission and distribution of electrical power is
known as the electrical power cable. It is used for the transmission of high voltages
in places where overhead lines are impractical to use.
The power cable is formed of 3 main parts, specifically conductor, nonconductor
and sheath. The conducting path for the present within the cable is provided by
the conductor. The insulation or nonconductor withstands the service voltage and
isolates the live conductor with alternative objects. The sheath doesn't enable the
moistures to enter and protects the cables from all external influences like
chemical or chemistry attack and fireplace.

 Types of Electrical Cables

 Non-Metallic Sheathed Cable
 These cables are also known as non-metallic
building wire or NM cables. They feature a
flexible plastic jacket with two to four wires
(TECK cables are covered with thermoplastic
insulation) and a bare wire for grounding.
https://www.dfliq.net/electrical-materials-products/electrical-wires-cables/

 Underground Feeder Cable

These cables are quite similar to NM cables,
but instead of each wire being individually
wrapped in thermoplastic, wires are grouped
together and embedded in the flexible
material. Their high waterresistance makes
them ideal for damp areas like gardens as well
as open-to-air lamps, pumps, etc.
https://www.dfliq.net/electrical -materials-
products/electrical-wires-cables/

 Metallic Sheathed Cable

Also known as armored or BX cables, metal-sheathed

cables are often used to supply mains electricity or
for large appliances.
https://www.dfliq.net/electrical-materials-products/electrical-wires-cables/

 Multi -Conductor Cable

This is a cable type that is commonly used in homes,
since it is simple to use and well-insulated. Different
varieties are used in industries, like the audio
multicore ‘snake cable’ used in the music industry.
https://www.dfliq.net/electrical-materials-products/electrical-wires-cables/

 Coaxial Cable
A coaxial (sometimes heliax) cable features a
tubular insulating layer that protects an inner
conductor. Called ‘coaxial’ since the two inner
shields share the same geometric axis, these
cables are normally used for carrying television
signals and connecting video equipment.
https://www.dfliq.net/electrical-materials-products/electrical-wires-cables/
 Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable
This type consists of two wires that are twisted
together. For indoor use, UTP cables with
copper wires or solid copper cores are a
popular choice, since there are flexible and can
be easily bent for in-wall installation.
https://www.dfliq.net/electrical-materials-products/electrical-wires-cables/
 Ribbon Cable
Ribbon cables are often used in computers and
peripherals, with various conducting wires that
run parallel to each other on a flat plane,
leading to a visual resemblance to flat ribbons.
https://www.dfliq.net/electrical-
materials-products/electrical-wires-cables/
 Direct -Buried Cable

Also known as DBCs, these cables are

speciallydesigned coaxial or bundled fiber-optic
cables, which do not require any added
sheathing, insulation or piping before being
buried underground.
https://www.dfliq.net/electrical-materials-products/electrical-wires-cables/

 Twin -Lead Cable

These are flat two-wire cables that are used for transmission between an
antenna and receiver, like TV and radio.
https://www.dfliq.net/electrical -materials-products/electrical-wires-cables/

 Twin-axial Cable

This is a variant of coaxial cables, which features two

inner conductors instead of one and is used for
veryshort-range high-speed signals.
https://www.dfliq.net/electrical-materials-products/electrical-wires-cables/

 Paired Cable

With two individually insulated conductors, this cable is normally used in

DC or low-frequency AC applications.

https://www.dfliq.net/electrical-materials-products/electrical-wires-cables/

 Twisted Pair

This cable is similar to paired cables, but the inner

insulated wires are twisted or intertwined.
https://www.dfliq.net/electrica
l-material
s-products/electrica
l-wires-cables
/

 Fiber Optic
This cable consists of a center glass core
surrounded by several layers of protective
materials. It transmits light rather than
electronic signals eliminating the problem of
electrical interference. It has the ability to
transmit signals over much longer distances. It
also has the capability to carry information at vastly greater speed.
https://fcit.usf.edu/network/chap4/chap4.htm
 ELECTRICAL TAPES

Electrical tape is a safety tape for wires,

used to cover and insulate a broad range of
cables, wires and other materials that conduct
electricity. It’s often referred to as insulating (or
thermal insulation) tape, and its uses in
workplace and home settings are widespread .
When used properly, electrical tape should act as
an insulator, it should protect against transfer of
any electrical current passing through the wires
to people or components potentially coming into
contact with them.

https://ph.rs-online.com/web/generalDisplay.html?id=ideas-and-advice/electrical-insulation-tape-guide

ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
Electronic components are essential in building an electronic circuit. These
components are used to make circuits work completely. These basic components
include resistors, capacitors, integrated circuits diodes and transistors.

https://www.elprocus.com/majo
r-electronic-components/

Here’s a brief description on each of the basic electronic components.

Resistors
Resistors are the most fundamental and
commonly used of all the electronic components.
It is an electronic device that is used to “resist” or
oppose the flow of current in a circuit. It regulates
or set the flow of electrons (current)
through them by using the type of conductive
material from which they are composed.
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/resistor/res_1.html

Capacitors
Capacitor is an electronic component that stores
electric charge. The capacitor is made of 2 close
conductors (usually plates) that are separated by a
dielectric material. The
capacitance is measured in units of Farad (F) or
microfarad
(uF).
Integrated Circuit
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/resistor/res_1.html

An integrated circuit (IC), sometimes called a chip or

microchip, is a semiconductor wafer on which
 thousands or millions of tiny resistors, capacitors, and transistors are
fabricated. An IC can function as an amplifier, oscillator, timer, counter,
computer memory, or microprocessor. A particular IC is categorized as
either linear (analog) or digital, depending on its intended application.
https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/integrated-circuit-IC

Diodes
A diode is a semiconductor device
that essentially acts as a one-way
switch for current. It allows current
to flow easily in one direction, but
severely restricts current from
flowing in the opposite direction.
https://www.elprocus.com/different-types-of-integrated-circuits/

Diodes have polarity, determined by an anode

(positive lead) and cathode (negative lead). Most
diodes allow current to flow only when positive
voltage is applied to the anode.
https://www.fluke.com/en-ph/learn/best-practices/measurement-basics/electricity

Transistors
The transistor is a semiconductor device that can
both conduct and insulate. A transistor can act as a
switch and an amplifier. It converts audio waves into
electronic waves and resistors, controlling electronic
current.
https://www.elprocus.com/transistors-basics-types-baising-modes

A transistor is a three-terminal device. Namely,

 Base: This is responsible for activating the transistor.

 Collector: This is the positive lead.
 Emitter: This is the negative lead.

ACTIVITIES
Directions. A. Encircle the different types of wire and cable in the puzzle
below and explain it briefly. Write your answer on the spaces provided.
FIBER
TWISTED
PAIRED
COAXIAL
RIBBON

Directions. B. Match the

different types of wires and cables with its description or specification. Write
your answer on the spaces provided.
A B
________ 1. This cable is normally used in DC A. Capacitor
or low-frequency AC applications.
________ 2. It is an electronic component that B. Paired Cable
stores electric charge.
________ 3. It is sometimes called a chip C. Resistor
or microchip.
________ 4. A semiconductor device that can D. Integrated Circuit
both conduct and insulate.
________ 5. It is also known as DBCs and E. Transistor
specifically designed coaxial or
bundled fiber-optic cable. F. Direct-Buried Cable

WRAP -UP

Using the graphic organizer below, write down your answers on this question:
“What have you learned in Module 2: Specification of Materials and

Specification
Of
Materials
and
Components

POSTTEST
Directions. Identify what is being described in the following statements. Write
your answer on the spaces provided.
____________________ 1. These are flat two-wire cables that are used for
transmission between an antenna and receiver, like TV and radio.
____________________ 2. A type of cable that has a tubular insulating layer features
which protect the inner conductor and surrounded by a tubular conducting shield.
____________________ 3. It is the size of the wire.
____________________ 4. It is a semiconductor device that essentially acts as a
oneway switch for current.
____________________ 5. It is an electronic device that is used to “resist” or oppose
the flow of current in a circuit.
 KEY TO CORRECTION
F 5.
E 4.
D 3. 5. Resistor
A 2. 4. Diode
B 1. 3. Wire gauge/Gauge
B. 2. Coaxial cable
1. Twin -Lead Cable
Posttest

. Low Cost Circuit

5 5. Integrated

. Reliable 4 4. TRUE
Quality
. Good 3 3. Resistors

. Work Orders 2. Two -wire 2

standard
. Quality 1 1. TRUE

A.
s Activitie Recap Pretest

References
“Capacitor.” RapidTables, www.rapidtables.com/electric/capacitor.html. Accessed 4 June 2020.

“Chapter 4: Cabling.” Florida Center for Instructional Technology,

fcit.usf.edu/network/chap4/chap4.htm. Accessed 5 June 2020.

“Electrical Wires & Cables.” D & F Liquidators, 6 Mar. 2020, www.dfliq.net/electrical-

materialsproducts/electrical-wires-cables/. Accessed 5 June 2020.

“Everything You Need To Know About Electrical Insulation Tape.” Rs-Online,

ph.rsonline.com/web/generalDisplay.html?id=ideas-and-advice%2Felectrical-insulation-tape-
guide. Accessed 4 June 2020.

“Introduction to Transistors - Types, Baising Modes and Advantages.” ElProCus, 4 June 2020,
www.elprocus.com/transistors-basics-types-baising-modes/. Accessed 4 June 2020.

“Know about Different Types of Integrated Circuits.” ElProCus, 1 June 2019,

www.elprocus.com/different-types-of-integrated-circuits/. Accessed 4 June 2020.

“Overview of Various Basic Electronic Components.” ElProCus, 21 Jan. 2016,

www.elprocus.com/major-electronic-components. Accessed 4 June 2020.

Regole, Rick. “What Is Braided Wire?” Iconnsystems, 10 June 2019,

www.iconnsystems.com/blog/what-is-braided-wire. Accessed 4 June 2020.
Rouse, Margaret. “What Is Integrated Circuit (IC)? - Definition from WhatIs.com.” WhatIs.com,
TechTarget, 21 Sept. 2005, whatis.techtarget.com/definition/integrated-circuit-IC. Accessed 4
June 2020.

“Types of Cables and Its Practical Application In Real Life.” BYJUS, BYJU'S, 14 Nov. 2019,
byjus.com/physics/types-of-cables/. Accessed 5 June 2020.

“Types of Resistor Including Carbon, Film and Composition.” Basic Electronics Tutorials, 9 July 2018,
www.electronics-tutorials.ws/resistor/res_1.html. Accessed 4 June 2020.

“Types of Wire - A Thomas Buying Guide.” ThomasNet® www.thomasnet.com/articles/metalsmetal-

products/types-of-wire/. Accessed 4 June 2020.

Vandervort, Don. “Electrical Grounding.” HomeTips, 27 Sept. 2019, www.hometips.com/how-

itworks/electrical-grounding.html. Accessed 4 June 2020.

“What Is a Diode?” Fluke, 22 July 2019,

www.fluke.com/en-ph/learn/best-practices/measurementbasics/electricity/what-is-a-diode.
Accessed 4 June 2020.