8

Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL)
CSS 8 –
COMPUTER SYSTEM
SERVICING
Quarter 4- Lesson 1-2

1
 OPERATING SYSTEM

Learning Competency(ies) Code:

 Differentiate operating system from applications.

 Enumerate examples of operating system from application.
 Show understanding on software application and operating system.

I Concepts Notes

Lesson 1:

What is an operating system?

An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. It manages the
computer's memory and processes, as well as all of its software and hardware. It also allows
you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer's
language. Without an operating system, a computer is useless.

The operating system's job

Your computer's operating system (OS) manages all of the software and hardware on the
computer. Most of the time, there are several different computer programs running at the same
time, and they all need to access your computer's central processing unit (CPU), memory,
and storage. The operating system coordinates all of this to make sure each program gets what it
needs.

Types of operating systems

Operating systems usually come pre-loaded on any computer you buy. Most people use the
operating system that comes with their computer, but it's possible to upgrade or even change

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operating systems. The three most common operating systems for personal computers
are Microsoft Windows, macOS, and Linux.

Modern operating systems use a graphical user interface, or GUI (pronounced gooey). A GUI
lets you use your mouse to click icons, buttons, and menus, and everything is clearly displayed
on the screen using a combination of graphics and text.

Each operating system's GUI has a different look and feel, so if you switch to a different
operating system it may seem unfamiliar at first. However, modern operating systems are
designed to be easy to use, and most of the basic principles are the same.

Microsoft Windows

Microsoft created the Windows operating system in the mid-1980s. There have been many
different versions of Windows, but the most recent ones are Windows 10 (released in
2015), Windows 8 (2012), Windows 7 (2009), and Windows Vista (2007). Windows comes pre-
loaded on most new PCs, which helps to make it the most popular operating system in the
world.

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macOS

macOS (previously called OS X) is a line of operating systems created by Apple. It comes

preloaded on all Macintosh computers, or Macs. Some of the specific versions
include Mojave (released in 2018), High Sierra (2017), and Sierra (2016).

According to StatCounter Global Stats, macOS users account for less than 10% of global
operating systems—much lower than the percentage of Windows users (more than 80%). One
reason for this is that Apple computers tend to be more expensive. However, many people do
prefer the look and feel of macOS over Windows.

Linux

Linux (pronounced LINN-ux) is a family of open-source operating systems, which means they
can be modified and distributed by anyone around the world. This is different from proprietary
software like Windows, which can only be modified by the company that owns it. The
advantages of Linux are that it is free, and there are many different distributions—or versions
—you can choose from.

According to StatCounter Global Stats, Linux users account for less than 2% of global operating
systems. However, most servers run Linux because it's relatively easy to customize.

Operating systems for mobile devices

The operating systems we've been talking about so far were designed to run
on desktop and laptop computers. Mobile devices such as phones, tablet computers, and MP3
players are different from desktop and laptop computers, so they run operating systems that

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are designed specifically for mobile devices. Examples of mobile operating systems
include Apple iOS and Google Android. In the screenshot below, you can see iOS running on an
iPad.

Operating systems for mobile devices generally aren't as fully featured as those made for
desktop and laptop computers, and they aren't able to run all of the same software. However,
you can still do a lot of things with them, like watch movies, browse the Web, manage your
calendar, and play games.

What is an application?

You may have heard people talking about using a program, an application, or an app. But what
exactly does that mean? Simply put, an app is a type of software that allows you to perform
specific tasks. Applications for desktop or laptop computers are sometimes called desktop
applications, while those for mobile devices are called mobile apps.

When you open an application, it runs inside the operating system until you close it. Most of
the time, you will have more than one application open at the same time, which is known
as multi-tasking.

App is a common term for an application, especially for simple applications that can be
downloaded inexpensively or even for free. Many apps are also available for mobile
devices and even some TVs.

Desktop applications

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There are countless desktop applications, and they fall into several categories. Some are more
full featured (like Microsoft Word), while others may only do one or two things (like a clock
or calendar app). Below are just a few types of applications you might use.

 Word processors: A word processor allows you to write a letter, design a flyer,
and create many other types of documents. The most well-known word
processor is Microsoft Word.

 Web browsers: A web browser is the tool you use to access the Internet. Most
computers come with a web browser pre-installed, but you can also download a
different one if you prefer. Examples of browsers include Internet
Explorer, Mozilla Firefox, Google Chrome, and Safari.

 Media players: If you want to listen to MP3s or watch movies you've

downloaded, you'll need to use a media player. Windows Media
Player and iTunes are popular media players.

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  Games: There are many types of games you can play on your computer. They
range from card games like Solitaire to action games like Halo. Many action
games require a lot of computing power, so they may not work unless you have
a newer computer.

Mobile apps

Desktop and laptop computers aren't the only devices that can run applications. You can also
download apps for mobile devices like smartphones and tablets. Here are a few examples of
mobile apps.

 Gmail: You can use the Gmail app to easily view and send emails from your
mobile device. It's available for Android and iOS devices.
 Instagram: You can use Instagram to quickly share photos with your friends and
family. It's available for Android and iOS.
 Duolingo: With a combination of quizzes, games, and other activities, this app
can help you learn new languages. It's available for Android and iOS.

Installing new applications

Every computer and mobile device will come with some applications already built in, such as a
web browser and media player. However, you can also purchase and install new apps to add
more functionality.

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 Lesson 10: Setting Up a Computer

LEARNING TASK NO 1:
Directions: Write T if the statement is true and F if its is false. Write your
answer on the space provided.

___________1. Desktop and laptop computers are the only devices that can run applications.
___________2. LINUX is a family of open-source operating system.
___________3. App is a common term for an application.
___________4. MICROSOFT WINDOWS is a line of operating systems created by Apple.
___________5. An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer,
It manages the computer's memory and processes, as well as all of
its software and hardware.

LEARNING TASK NO 2:

Now it’s time to apply your knowledge in real life situation. Answer the following
questions.

1. What is the difference between Operating system and Application.

__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

LEARNING TASK NO 3:

Reflection: What have you learned in this module?

__________________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________

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Learning Task No. 4

Enumeration: Give Examples of Operating System and

Applications.

1. Operating System

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

2. Applications

_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Quarter 4-week 1-2

Learning task no.1
1. F
2. T
3. T
4. F
5. T
Learning task no. 2

What is an operating system?

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An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. It manages the
computer's memory and processes, as well as all of its software and hardware. It also allows
you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the computer's
language. Without an operating system, a computer is useless.

What is an application?

You may have heard people talking about using a program, an application, or an app. But what
exactly does that mean? Simply put, an app is a type of software that allows you to perform
specific tasks. Applications for desktop or laptop computers are sometimes called desktop
applications, while those for mobile devices are called mobile apps.

Learning Task no. 4

OPERATING SYTEM
1. MICROSOFT WINDOWS (WINDOWS 7,8,10)
2. MacOS (Mojave, High Sierra, Sierra
3. Linux
APPLICATION
1. WORD PROCESSOR (MICROSOFT WORD)
2. WEB BROWSER ( GOOGLE CHROME, SAFARI,
MOZILLA FIREFOX)
3. MEDIA PLAYER (WINDOWS MEDIA PLAYER, iTunes)
4. Games

References
Learning Material
 Gcflearn.org

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