TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION 8

COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING

LESSON 4: PREPARING and INTERPRETING TECHNICAL
DRAWING (PITD)
ACTIVITY SHEET 1
Learning Competencies (Essential Competencies)
LO1. Identify different kinds of technical drawings
(TLE_IACSS9- 12PITD-IIg-h13)

Objectives
A. Content Standard: The learners demonstrate an understanding of
concepts and underlying principles in preparing and interpreting
technical drawings and work plans for computer systems servicing.
B. Performance Standard: The learners shall be able to prepare and
interpret technical drawings and work plans accurately.
C. Learning Objectives:
1. Define Flowcharting
2. Enumerate the elements, benefits and guidelines of using
flowcharts
3. Appreciate flowcharting in solving problems.

Let’s Recall (Review)

Direction. Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of the
correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Column A Column B

____ 1. It is represented by a rectangle. It refers to an a. Decision

action in a business process.
b. Process
____ 2. It is represented by a diamond. A process that can
answer a decision of "yes" or "no" requires a c. Arrow line
decision box.
d. Connector
____ 3. It is represented by a small circle or a connector
box and is labeled using letters. e. Data
____ 4. Drawn in one direction, preferably from top to
bottom to keep a flowchart clear.

____ 5. A parallelogram that indicates the input or output (I/O)

for a process
 Let’s Understand (Study the Concept)

FLOWCHART
A flowchart is a graphical representation of an
algorithm, workflow or process. It shows steps in
sequential order. Each step in the algorithm, workflow
or process is represented by a different symbol and
contains a short description of the process step. The
flowchart symbols are linked together with arrows
showing the process flow direction.

What Are the Elements of a Flowchart?

A flowchart is commonly used by systems analysts to visualize the series of

processes in a business system. A flowchart is a useful tool to design an efficient
business system and to troubleshoot or improve an existing system. A flowchart
consists of elements, such as the terminator, process, sub process, decision, arrow
lines, and connectors.

1. Terminal
A terminal is an oval flowchart shapes indicating the start and end of the process.

2. Process
A process is represented by a rectangle indicating a normal process flow step.

3. Decision
A decision is represented by a diamond. A process that can answer a decision of
"yes" or "no" requires a decision box.

4. Data
A parallelogram that indicates the input or output (I/O) for a process

5. Connector
A connector is represented by a small circle and is labeled using letters. It is used to
indicate a jump in the process flow. A connector ensures that the processes are
connected logically and correctly on several pages.

6. Arrow Lines
Arrow lines drawn in one direction, preferably from top to bottom, keep a flowchart
clear. Avoid arrow lines that loop because this could indicate redundancy in the
process.

When to use flowcharts?

- To develop understanding of how a process is done
- To study a process for improvement
- To communicate to others how a process is done
- When better communication is needed between people involved
with the same
process
 - To document a process
- When planning a project
Flowchart Benefits

Using flowcharts brings various benefits.

1. Promote understanding of a process.

People may have differing ideas about how a process works. A flowchart can
help you gain agreement about the sequence of steps. Flowcharts promote
understanding in a way that written procedures cannot do. One good
flowchart can replace pages of words.
2. Provide a tool for training employees.
Because of the way they visually lay out the sequence of process steps,
flowcharts can be very helpful in training employees to perform the process
according to standardized procedures.
3. Identify problem areas and opportunities for process improvement.
Once you break down the process steps and diagram them, problem areas
become more visible. It is easy to spot opportunities for simplifying and
refining your process by analyzing decision points, redundant steps, and
rework loops.
Note: The on-page connector uses letters inside the circle to indicate where the
adjoining connector is located. A "1" connects to a "1", a "2" to a "2", etc. The off-
page connectors use the page number where the next part or the previous part of the
flowchart is located.
Guidelines for Developing Flowcharts

These are some points to keep in mind while developing a flowchart −

 Flowchart can have only one start and one stop symbol
 On-page connectors are referenced using alphabets
 Off-page connectors are referenced using numbers
 General flow of processes is top to bottom or left to right
 Arrows should not cross each other.

Let’s Apply (Review)

A. Direction. Match the description of the flowchart symbol in Column A with its
symbol in Column B. Write only the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet
of paper.

Column A Column B

____ 1. Used at the beginning and end of the algorithm,

workflow and process. Also denotes the start a.
and end of the program.

____ 2. Used for decision-making, such as yes/no, true/false.

b.
____ 3. Used for denoting program input/output

____ 4. Indicates process like mathematical problem. c.

____ 5. Connects two or more flowcharts, which are on the

d.
same page.

e.

B. Directions: Draw the flowchart symbol of the following elements.

1. TERMINAL - 3. DECISION -

2. DATA - 4. CONNECTOR -

5. PROCESS -
 Let’s Analyze
A. Direction. Read each statement carefully. Write your answer on a
separate sheet of paper.

____ 1. According to the guidelines in developing a flowchart, there can only one
start and one stop symbol?
a. True b. False c. Maybe d. Not Sure
____ 2. A flowchart used different symbols and contains a short description of the
process step?
a. True b. False c. Maybe d. Not Sure
____ 3. Which of the following will you use to connect flowchart on different page?
a. Connector c. Off-page connector
b. On-page connector d. Arrow lines
____ 4. How can you differ on-page connector to off-page connector?
a. Both connects flowchart on the same page.
b. Both connects flowchart on different pages.
c. On-page connector uses number while off-page connector uses alphabet.
d. On-page connector connects two or more parts of the flowchart on the
same page while off-page connects two parts of the flowchart on different
pages.
____ 5. Which of the following flowchart symbol is used to represent off-page
connector?

a. b. c. d.

Let’s Try (Evaluation)

Direction: Write what is being asked.

A. Benefits of using Flowchart

1.
2.
3.
B. When to use Flowchart
6.
7.
8.
C. Guidelines for Developing Flowchart
9.
10.
 Let’s Create
Directions: Using the basic symbols used for flowchart, make your own simple
flowchart to illustrate the process of cleaning the computer parts and peripherals
properly. Include the given activities below.

1. Preparation of cleaning tools

2. Identifying the parts to be clean
3. Cleaning the different peripherals
 ACTIVITY SHEET 2
Learning Competencies (Essential Competencies)
LO2. Interpret technical drawing
(TLE_IACSS9- 12PITD-IIg-h14)

Objectives
A. Content Standard: The learners demonstrate an understanding of
concepts and underlying principles in preparing and interpreting
technical drawings and work plans for computer systems servicing.
B. Performance Standard: The learners shall be able to prepare and
interpret technical drawings and work plans accurately.
C. Learning Objectives:
1. Recognize components, assemblies, or objects as required
2. Identify and interpret the symbol used in flowcharting
3. Drawing is checked and validated against job requirements or
equipment in accordance with standard operating procedures.
4. Appreciate flowcharting in solving problems.

Let’s Recall (Review)

Direction. Draw a line that will connect the flowchart elements (right-side)
to its symbol or shapes on the left.

1. process

2. data

3. arrow lines

4. connector

5. terminal

6. decision

7. document
 Let’s Understand (Study the Concept)

How do you interpret flowcharts?

A Flowchart will help you understand your process and uncover ways to improve it
only if you use it to analyze what is happening. Interpreting your Flowchart will help
you to:

 Determine who is involved in the process.

 Form theories about root causes.
 Identify ways to streamline the process.
 Determine how to implement changes to the
process.
 Locate cost-added-only steps.
 Provide training on how the process works or
should work.

Below is a sequence of steps that will help you through an orderly analysis of your
flowchart.

Step 1 - Examine each process step → for the following conditions that indicate a
need to improve the process:

 Bottlenecks. These points in the process where it slows down may be caused
by redundant or unnecessary steps, rework, lack of capacity, or other factors.

 Weak links. These are steps where problems occur because of inadequate
training of process workers, equipment that needs to be repaired or replaced,
or insufficient technical documentation. "Inform the drill leader and improvise"
is one of the weak links.

 Poorly defined steps. Steps which are not well-defined may be interpreted
and performed in a different way by each person involved, leading to process
variation. "Improvise" is a poorly defined step in the weak link cited above.

Step 2 - Examine each decision symbol → You may want to collect data on how
often there is a "yes" or "no" answer at decision points marked by a diamond shaped
symbol. If most decisions go one way rather than the other, you may be able to
remove this decision point.

Step 3 - Examine each rework loop → Processes with numerous checks generate
rework and waste. Examine the activities preceding the rework loop and identify
those that need to be improved. Look for ways to shorten or eliminate the loop.

Step 4 - Examine each activity symbol → Does the step help build a key quality
characteristic into the end product? If not, consider eliminating it.

Most Common Types of flowchart

1. Linear Flowchart. A linear flow chart describes the sequence of steps
in a process. The work steps and decisions needed to complete a
process can visually be outlined
using our linear flow chart. This tool can help identify rework and redundant
or
unnecessary steps within a process.

https://online.visual-paradigm.com/

2. Deployment Flowchart. A deployment flowchart shows the actual process flow

and identifies the people or groups involved at each step. Horizontal lines define
customer-supplier relationships. This type of chart shows where the people or groups
fit into the process sequence, and how they relate to one another throughout the
process.

A deployment flowchart combines two key features:

 The sequence of steps in a process
 Who is responsible for each step.

https://www.rff.com/deployment_flowchart.php

How do we construct a linear flowchart?

Following are the seven steps for developing a linear flowchart
1. Define the process to be flowcharted, and the purpose for flowcharting it.
2. Assemble the right people to develop the flowchart—those operators,
technicians,
or office workers who are actually involved in the process.
3. Establish process boundaries—the starting and ending points.
Identify the major activities or sub processes that are included in the
process.
Determine what is not included in the scope of the process to remove any
doubt or confusion about the boundaries. This may also help establish the
scope of related processes.
4. List the steps, activities, and decisions to be charted. If your team is not sure
about a step, mark it to be investigated later.
5. Put the steps in chronological sequence. Sometimes it's easier to start with the
last step and work back to the first step.
6. Assign flowchart symbols such as boxes, diamonds, and triangles.
7. Review and title the Flowchart.

FLOWCHART STRUCTURES
You can make your flowcharts easier to understand and less subject to errors by
using only a fixed set of structures. These structures include:

 Sequence – series of actions are performed in sequence.

 Decision - allows the program to make a decision and change its behavior
based on that decision. The decision is made based on the outcome of a
logical test. A logical test is a calculation whose outcome is either true or
false.
 Loop - This structure allows you to repeat a task over and over.
 Case - is a branching control mechanism that allows different executions
depending on the value of the label.
Figures 1: Sequence Structure Figure 2: Decision Structure

Figure 3: Loop Structure Figure 4: Case Structure

Whether you are flowcharting software programs or business processes, using only
these structures will make it easier to find and correct errors in your charts. Each
structure has a simple flow of control with one input and one output. These structures
can then be nested within each other. Any chart can be drawn using only these
structures. You do not have to use GOTO or draw spaghetti diagrams just because
you are drawing a flowchart. You can draw structured flowcharts.

Let’s Apply
Directions. Copy the following steps in developing a flowchart on a
separate sheet of paper. Arrange the following steps in developing a
flowchart by numbering them from 1-7.
___ Define the process to be flowcharted, and the purpose for flowcharting it.
___ Establish process boundaries by indicating the starting and ending points.
___ Put the steps in chronological sequence. Sometimes it's easier to start with the
last step and work back to the first step.
___ Assign flowchart symbols such as boxes, diamonds, and triangles.
___ Review and title the flowchart.
___ Assemble the right people to develop the flowchart— those operators,
technicians,
or office workers who are actually involved in the process.
___ List the steps, activities, and decisions to be charted. If your team is not sure
about
a step, mark it to be investigated later.

Let’s Analyze
Directions: A. The flow chart on the right is meant to
show the steps for safely crossing the road. There is a decision
box in this flow chart. Copy the flowchart and place the correct
label from the choices on the left.

Cross the road

carefully
Is the road
Look left and
clear both
right
ways?
Stop at the
Kerb

B. Direction. Arrange the flowchart symbols that will input 2 numbers and
print its sum. Draw and use the symbols below.

INPUT NUM1, NUM2 PRINT SUM END

 START SUM = NUM1 + NUM2

Let’s Try
Direction: Using the flowchart on the left side, interpret the answer for
the flowchart and write it on the yellow paper you see on the right.

Output:

B. Direction: Identify what type of structure is shown below. Write your answer on the space
provided.

1. _______________________ 2. _____________________

3. _________________________ 4. ____________________
 Let’s Create
A. Direction: Interpret the algorithm or process (steps) of the
following flowchart to find the greater number between two numbers. Write
your answer on a separate sheet like the one on the right.

Input to the algorithm : Two numbers which is A and B

Expected Output : C (which is a greater number)

Algorithm (steps):
START Step 1:

Step 2:
Read A, B
Step 3:

If A > B Print A Step 4:

YES
NO

Print B Step 5:

Step 6:

END

B. Arrange the flowchart symbols to show the process of retail store checkout. Use a
linear flowcharting. Note: Don’t forget to use the flow (arrow) lines.

Tell customer the

END Scan items TOTAL

Greet Customer Thank Customer

Credit Card
or CASH

Give Receipt Scan Card

Card
START Take Cash Payment
Accepted?