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TVL-ICT-CSS
Quarter 4 – Module 1:
MAINTAINING AND REPAIRING
COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND
NETWORKS (MRCN)
(Rectify/Correct Defects in Computer
Systems and Networks)
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:

Welcome to the TVL-Computer Systems Servicing Grade 12 Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Maintaining and Repairing Computer
Systems and Networks (Rectify/correct defects in computer systems and
networks)!

This module was collaboratively designed, developed and reviewed by

educators both from public and private institutions to assist you, the teacher
or facilitator in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to 12
Curriculum while overcoming their personal, social, and economic
constraints in schooling.

This learning resource hopes to engage the learners into guided and
independent learning activities at their own pace and time. Furthermore, this
also aims to help learners acquire the needed 21st century skills while taking
into consideration their needs and circumstances.

In addition to the material in the main text, you will also see this box in the
body of the module:

Notes to the Teacher

This contains helpful tips or strategies that
will help you in guiding the learners.

As a facilitator, you are expected to orient the learners on how to use this
module. You also need to keep track of the learners' progress while allowing
them to manage their own learning. Furthermore, you are expected to
encourage and assist the learners as they do the tasks included in the module.

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For the learner:

Welcome to the TVL-Computer Systems Servicing Grade 12 Alternative

Delivery Mode (ADM) Module on Maintaining and Repairing Computer
Systems and Networks (Rectify/correct defects in computer systems and
networks)!

This module was designed to provide you with fun and meaningful
opportunities for guided and independent learning at your own pace and time.
You will be enabled to process the contents of the learning resource while
being an active learner.

This module has the following parts and corresponding icons:

This will give you an idea of the skills or

What I Need to Know competencies you are expected to learn in the
module.

This part includes an activity that aims to

check what you already know about the
What I Know
lesson to take. If you get all the answers
correct (100%), you may decide to skip this
module.
This is a brief drill or review to help you link
What’s In the current lesson with the previous one.

In this portion, the new lesson will be

What’s New introduced to you in various ways; a story, a
song, a poem, a problem opener, an activity
or a situation.
This section provides a brief discussion of the
What is It lesson. This aims to help you discover and
understand new concepts and skills.

This comprises activities for independent

practice to solidify your understanding and
What’s More
skills of the topic. You may check the
answers to the exercises using the Answer
Key at the end of the module.
This includes questions or blank
What I Have Learned sentence/paragraph to be filled in to process
what you learned from the lesson.
This section provides an activity which will
What I Can Do help you transfer your new knowledge or skill
into real life situations or concerns.

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 This is a task which aims to evaluate your
Assessment level of mastery in achieving the learning
competency.
In this portion, another activity will be given
Additional Activities to you to enrich your knowledge or skill of the
lesson learned.

Answer Key This contains answers to all activities in the

module.

At the end of this module you will also find:

References This is a list of all sources used in

developing this module.

The following are some reminders in using this module:

1. Use the module with care. Do not put unnecessary mark/s on any part
of the module. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises.
2. Don’t forget to answer What I Know before moving on to the other
activities included in the module.
3. Read the instruction carefully before doing each task.
4. Observe honesty and integrity in doing the tasks and checking your
answers.
5. Finish the task at hand before proceeding to the next.
6. Return this module to your teacher/facilitator once you are through
with it.
If you encounter any difficulty in answering the tasks in this module, do
not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator. Always bear in mind that
you are not alone.

We hope that through this material, you will experience meaningful

learning and gain deep understanding of the relevant competencies. You
can do it!

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 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master Maintaining and Repairing Computer Systems and Networks. The scope of
this module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language
used recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged
to follow the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them
can be changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module contains lesson in rectify/correct defects in computer systems and

networks.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Install correct components or parts without damage to the surrounding
environment or services.
2. Replace defective components or parts without damage to the surrounding
environment or services.
3. Use appropriate PPE in line with standard procedures.

What I Know

Let us determine how much you already know about maintaining and
repairing computer systems and networks. Take this short test to find out.
I. Direction: Identify the word/s that best describe/s the following statements. Write
the answers on your notebook.

_________1. It is an equipment used to adjust instrument accuracy, often associated

with a specific application like temperature, pressure, and weight.

_________2. It is a laboratory instrument commonly used to display and analyze

the waveform of electronic signals.

_________3. They are interfaces for linking devices by using cables.

_________4. It is an important topic for anyone who owns a PC.

_________5. It is also a kind of metric to discuss how well parts of the network
connect to one another.

Note: If you get 100% correct in this pre- assessment, skip the lesson but if not
and you only get 50% to 99% correct, then proceed with the lesson.

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 Lesson RECTIFY/CORRECT DEFECTS IN
COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND
1 NETWORKS

What’s In

The previous lesson discussed about diagnosing faults of computer systems

and networks. Can you still remember them? If so, please take time to mentally recall
some of the previous topics by answering the following questions: (Direction: Add the
two pictures to form the word)

1.

2.

3.

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 What’s New

Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the correct answer and write it in
your notebook.
1. What is the name of the card that controls read, write head and motor
in the hard disk?
a. Network Card b. Disk Controller Card
c. Both a and b d. None of the above
2. Acronym of HDD?
a. Hard Disk Drive b. Hard Drive Disk
c. Both a and b d. None of the above
3. Which of the following retains the information it’s storing when the
power to the system is turned off?
a. CPU b. ROM
c. DRAM d. DIMM
4. How many bytes a sector of hard disk holds?
a. 512 Bytes b. 1024 Bytes
c. Both a and b d. None of the above
5. Multi-destination routing
a. is same as broadcasting routing
b. contains the list of all destinations
c. data is not sent by packets
d. none of the mentioned

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 What is It

RECTIFY/CORRECT DEFECTS IN COMPUTER SYSTEMS AND

NETWORKS
Preventive maintenance can be described as maintenance of equipment or
systems before fault occurs. It can be divided into two subgroups: Planned
Maintenance and Conditioned-Based Maintenance.
Planned Maintenance (PM) is any variety of scheduled maintenance to an object or
item of equipment. Specifically, PM is a scheduled service visit carried out by a
competent and suitable agent, to ensure that an item of equipment is operating
correctly to avoid any unscheduled breakdown and downtime of an equipment.
Condition Based Maintenance (CBM) is a maintenance strategy that uses the
actual condition of the asset to decide what maintenance needs to be done. CBM
dictates that maintenance should only be performed when certain indicators show
decreasing performance or upcoming failure. Checking a machine for these
indicators may include non-invasive measurements, visual inspection, performance
data and scheduled tests. Condition data can be gathered at certain intervals, or
continuously.
The purpose of systematic inspection, detection and correction of existing /
future problems is very important to maintain equipment / facilities in satisfactory
condition before it may cause major problem. Maintenance, including tests,
measurements, adjustments, and parts replacement, performed specifically to
prevent faults from occurring.
Maintenance is divided into two (2) general type. Preventive maintenance is
given for maintaining equipment and facilities in satisfactory operating condition to
extend the life of the equipment. Corrective maintenance is task performed to
identify, isolate, and rectify a fault so that the failed equipment or system can be
restored to an operational condition within the tolerances or limits.

Maintenance Procedures
In preparing maintenance procedure, you also must consider designing a
systematic plan for both for hardware and software. This saves time, money and
frustration and ensures safe conditions to prevent injury to people and damage to
computer equipment.

Planning Maintenance Procedures for Computer System and Networking:

A. Design a systematic maintenance plan for hardware.
1. Design a monitoring, evaluating, and updating plan.
2. Place your computer in a well-ventilated area.
3. Schedule the use of computer for its longer life.
4. Move the computer only when it is turned off and unplugged.
5. Treat your computer properly.

B. Design a systematic maintenance plan for your software.

1. Backup your files.
2. Install or secure passwords.
3. Delete temporary files.
4. Update anti-virus and spyware.

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Design a systematic monitoring, evaluating, and updating plan for hardware.
Computers have significantly changed the working environment, simplifying, and
speeding up many tasks across many work areas. However, with these advances are
some potential problems and maintenance issues. These guidelines describe how
computer technicians, students and computer users can work together to achieve a
productive workplace environment. The guidelines reflect current knowledge and
best practice for the use of computers so you can achieve maximum efficiency and
safety in your workplace.

Place your computer in a well-ventilated area.

This will allow proper circulation of air inside the computer unit.

Schedule the use of computer for its longer life.

This will help lessen the attacks of viruses and increases the life span of your
computer.

Move the computer only when it is turned off and unplugged.

To avoid damage to the computer unit always turn off and unplug it when
transferring the computer to another location.

Treat your computer properly.

This means taking care of your computer. PCs and laptops should be properly
turned off.

Do systematic maintenance plan for your computer software.

Back-up your files

Protecting your files means creating backups, storing your file backups on your
hard drive or any removable storage device regularly.

Install or secure passwords.

Installing passwords makes your files more secure.

Delete temporary files.

Deleting the temporary files on your computer will enhance its speed and will
create more disk space for your files.

Update anti-virus and spy ware.

Regularly update your anti-virus for your computer protection against viruses.

Preventing Computer Systems Failure

Computers, in general, are stable, and you can usually rely on them to not fail
you. However. If you develop some basic habits, you can postpone serious computer
problems, if not avoiding them entirely.

1. Computer issues. Know that your computer is going to fail. You need to treat your
computer as if it were a doomed failure. Always assume that failure is imminent.
A fatal error results in data loss, damage to your computer and/or its ability to
function, hardware failure, or other serious issues.

2. Dust issues. Preventing failure means making sure your computer is physically
clean in its operations. Make sure that there is not too much dust inside,
especially on the fans. Dust can reduce performance and cause overheating.

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3. RAM issues. Know your computer's specifications and its limits. RAM runs even
the PC is running idly. It consumes RAM storages capacity making you difficult to
open a program if RAM storage had been consumed.

4. Malware issues. Make sure that your anti-virus software is updated to be able to
scan unnecessary files that enter your PC. Do not install programs that you’re not
familiar with or if do not fully trust.

5. Hardware issues. When something is not working properly, either diagnose the
problem yourself and fix it, to prevent further damage or contact a professional
and have them look at it for you. Take advantage of warranties on parts if they
fail.
6. Warning issues. If the same error message shows up every time you log in, be sure
to investigate it. Although unlikely, these errors could be important.

7. Usage issues. Give your computer a break. Believe it or not, your computer likes
rest, too. Leaving it on all the time wears out hardware and puts unnecessary wear
and tear on the hardware. Giving your computer a break also saves you money
(electrical bills).

8. Warranty issues. Always take advantage of warranties. Get a warranty to protect

your hardware, so it can be replaced in case of failure.

9. Backup issues. Back-up everything. Run regular backup of your important files
to other disks, computers, or an online backup service.

10. Error message issues. If your PC fails to function, diagnose the problem. Write
down the necessary info such as error messages or things don’t work properly. If
you know how to fix it, do it, to avoid further damage but if not then seek for
professional help.

In recent years, software defects have become the dominant cause of customer
outage, and improvements in software reliability and quality have not kept pace with
those of hardware. Yet, software defects are not well enough understood to provide a
clear methodology for avoiding or recovering from them.

Debugging is the group of activities that software developers perform to fix a

bug, so being a good debugger is a very important part of being a good developer.
Three reasons to consider debugging one of your main skills:

• We spend a lot of time debugging.

• There are always errors in your code
• Debugging is sometimes the only way to check that some code is working fine.

There are thousands of problems that your PC could have, from an endless list of
possible error messages to various hardware failures. Most of those problems might
have several possible causes as well. Most of these potential issues are rare. The
problems most computer users see are common errors and failures seen by many,
many others.

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There are some of the most common PC problems:

• Computer will not turn on

• Blue screen of death (BSOD)
• “404” / “page not found” error
• “Hal.dll is missing” error

Computers and computer components can fail at any time and for any reason.
If the defect can ultimately be traced back to the design, programming, or
manufacturing process, you might be entitled to recover compensation through a
class-action lawsuit. Many people think that hardware and software are one in the
same. In fact, hardware and software are very different. Hardware refers to the
physical components of the computing unit — tower, monitor, printer, keyboard,
mouse, and the physical pieces of equipment that comprise these components —
while software refers to the coding or built-in instructions that allow the hardware
to run properly.

What’s More

Direction: Recall the maintenance practices you have observed in the computer
laboratory of your school by completing the table below.

PREVENTIVE MAINTENACE CORRECTIVE MAINTENACE

What I Have Learned

I have learned that ____________________________________________

I have realized that ___________________________________________
I will apply ___________________________________________________

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 What I Can Do

Direction: Explain briefly how can you prevent the following computer issues:

COMPUTER ISSUE PREVENTION

1. Overheating
2. Malware
3. RAM
4. Error Message
5. Hardware

Assessment

I. Identification. Identify the term/s for each given description in the items
below. Write the answer on your notebook.

___________________1. It is a laboratory instrument commonly used to display and

analyze the waveform of electronic signals.

___________________2. They are interfaces for linking devices by using cables.

___________________3. It is an important topic for anyone who owns a PC.

___________________4. It is an equipment used to adjust instrument accuracy,

often associated with a specific application like
temperature, pressure, and weight.

___________________5. It is also a kind of metric to discuss how well parts of the

network connect to one another.

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II. Multiple Choice: Select the letter of the correct answer and write in your
notebook.

1. Which of the following retains the information it’s storing when the
power to the system is turned off?
a. CPU b. ROM
c. DRAM d. DIMM
2. How many bytes a sector of hard disk holds?

a. 512 Bytes b. 1024 Bytes

c. Both a and b d. None of the above
3. Multi-destination routing

a. is same as broadcasting routing

b. contains the list of all destinations
c. data is not sent by packets
d. none of the mentioned
4. What is the name of the card that controls read, write head and motor
in the hard disk?
a. Network Card b. Disk Controller Card
c. Both a and b d. None of the above
5. Acronym of HDD?

a. Hard Disk Drive b. Hard Drive Disk

c. Both a and b d. None of the above

Additional Activities

Optional: For the preparation of the next activity read or watch a video about
how to inspect and test the computer systems and networks.