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Elementary Mathematical and Computational Tools for
Electrical and Computer Engineers Using MATLAB 1st
Edition Jamal T. Manassah Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Jamal T. Manassah
ISBN(s): 9780521641401, 0521641403
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 13.16 MB
Year: 2001
Language: english
ELEMENTARY
MATHEMATICAL and
COMPUTATIONAL TOOLS
for ELECTRICAL and
COMPUTER ENGINEERS
USING MATLAB
®
Jamal T. Manassah
City College of New York
CRC Press
Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Manassah, Jamal T.
Elementary mathematical and computational tools for electrical and computer engineers
using MATLAB/Jamal T. Manassah.
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8493-1080-6
1. Electrical engineering—Mathematics. 2. Computer science—Mathematics. 3.
MATLAB. I. Title.
TK153 .M362 2001
510′.24′62—dc21 2001016138
This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material
is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable
efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot
assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use.
Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic
or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or
retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher.
The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for
creating new works, or for resale. Specific permission must be obtained in writing from CRC Press LLC
for such copying.
Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton, Florida 33431.
Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are
used only for identification and explanation, without intent to infringe.
This book is mostly based on a series of notes for a primer course in electrical
and computer engineering that I taught at the City College of New York
School of Engineering. Each week, the class met for an hour of lecture and a
three-hour computer laboratory session where students were divided into
small groups of 12 to 15 students each. The students met in an informal learn-
ing community setting, a computer laboratory, where each student had the
exclusive use of a PC. The small size of the groups permitted a great deal of
individualized instruction, which was a key ingredient to cater successfully
to the needs of students with heterogeneous high school backgrounds.
A student usually takes this course in the second semester of his or her
freshman year. Typically, the student would have completed one semester of
college calculus, and would be enrolled in the second course of the college
calculus sequence and in the first course of the physics sequence for students
in the physical sciences and engineering.
My purpose in developing this book is to help bring the beginner engineer-
ing student’s analytical and computational skills to a level of competency
that would permit him or her to participate, enjoy, and succeed in subsequent
electrical and computer engineering courses. My experience indicates that
the lack of mastery of fundamental quantitative tools is the main impediment
to a student’s progress in engineering studies.
The specific goals of this book are
* MATLAB® is a registered trademark of the MathWorks, Inc., 3 Apple Hill Drive, Natick, MA,
01760-2098, USA. Tel: 508-647-7000, Fax: 508-647-7101, e-mail: info@mathworks.com, Web:
www.mathworks.com.
My experience indicates that you can achieve the above goals through the
following work habits that I usually recommend to my own students:
• Read carefully the material from this book that is assigned to you
by your instructor for the upcoming week, and make sure to solve
the suggested preparatory exercises in advance of the weekly lecture.
• Attend the lecture and follow closely the material presented, in
particular the solutions to the more difficult preparatory exercises
and the demonstrations.
• Following the lecture, make a list of questions on the preparatory
material to which you still seek answers, and ask your instructor
for help and clarification on these questions, preferably in the first
30 minutes of your computer lab session.
• Complete the in-class exercises during the computer lab session. If
you have not finished solving all in-class exercises, make sure you
complete them on your own, when the lab is open, or at home if
you own a computer, and certainly before the next class session,
along with the problems designated in the book as homework
problems and assigned to you by your instructor.
In managing this course, I found it helpful for both students and instruc-
tors to require each student to solve all problems in a bound notebook. The
advantage to the student is to have easy access to his or her previous work,
personal notes, and reminders that he or she made as the course pro-
gressed. The advantage to the instructor is to enhance his or her ability to
assess, more easily and readily, an individual student’s progress as the
semester progresses.
This book may be used for self-study by readers with perhaps a little more
mathematical maturity acquired through a second semester of college calcu-
lus. The advanced reader of this book who is familiar with numerical meth-
ods will note that, in some instances, I did not follow the canonical order for
the sequence of presentation of certain algorithms, thus sacrificing some opti-
mality in the structure of some of the elementary programs included. This
was necessitated by the goal I set for this book, which is to introduce both
analytical and computational tools simultaneously.
The sections of this book that are marked with asterisks include material
that I assigned as projects to students with either strong theoretical interest or
more mathematical maturity than a typical second semester freshman stu-
dent. Although incorporated in the text, they can be skipped in a first read-
ing. I hope that, by their inclusion, I will facilitate to the interested reader a
smooth transition to some new mathematical concepts and computational
tools that are of particular interest to electrical engineers.
Jamal T. Manassah
New York, January 2001
2. Difference Equations
2.1 Simple Linear Forms
2.2 Amortization
2.3 An Iterative Geometric Construct: The Koch Curve
2.4 Solution of Linear Constant Coefficients Difference
Equations
2.4.1 Homogeneous Solution
2.4.2 Particular Solution
2.4.3 General Solution
2.5 Convolution-Summation of a First-Order System with
Constant Coefficients
2.6 General First-Order Linear Difference Equations*
2.7 Nonlinear Difference Equations
2.7.1 Computing Irrational Numbers
2.7.2 The Logistic Equation
6. Complex Numbers
6.1 Introduction
6.2 The Basics
6.2.1 Addition
6.2.2 Multiplication by a Real or Imaginary Number
6.2.3 Multiplication of Two Complex Numbers
6.3 Complex Conjugation and Division
6.3.1 Division
6.4 Polar Form of Complex Numbers
6.4.1 New Insights into Multiplication and Division
of Complex Numbers
6.5 Analytical Solutions of Constant Coefficients ODE
6.5.1 Transient Solutions
6.5.2 Steady-State Solutions
6.5.3 Applications to Circuit Analysis
6.6 Phasors
6.6.1 Phasor of Two Added Signals
6.7 Interference and Diffraction of Electromagnetic Waves
6.7.1 The Electromagnetic Wave
6.7.2 Addition of Electromagnetic Waves
6.7.3 Generalization to N-waves
6.8 Solving ac Circuits with Phasors: The Impedance
Method
6.8.1 RLC Circuit Phasor Analysis
6.8.2 The Infinite LC Ladder
6.9 Transfer Function for a Difference Equation with
Constant Coefficients*
6.10 MATLAB Commands Review
7. Vectors
7.1 Vectors in Two Dimensions (2-D)
7.1.1 Addition
7.1.2 Multiplication of a Vector by a Real Number
7.1.3 Cartesian Representation
7.1.4 MATLAB Representation of the Above Results
7.2 Dot (or Scalar) Product
7.2.1 MATLAB Representation of the Dot Product
7.3 Components, Direction Cosines, and Projections
7.3.1 Components
8. Matrices
8.1 Setting up Matrices
8.1.1 Creating Matrices in MATLAB
8.2 Adding Matrices
8.3 Multiplying a Matrix by a Scalar
8.4 Multiplying Matrices
8.5 Inverse of a Matrix
8.6 Solving a System of Linear Equations
8.7 Application of Matrix Methods
8.7.1 dc Circuit Analysis
8.7.2 dc Circuit Design
8.7.3 ac Circuit Analysis
8.7.4 Accuracy of a Truncated Taylor Series
8.7.5 Reconstructing a Function from Its Fourier
Components
8.7.6 Interpolating the Coefficients of an (n – 1)-degree
Polynomial from n Points
8.7.7 Least-Square Fit of Data
8.8 Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors*
8.8.1 Finding the Eigenvalues of a Matrix
8.8.2 Finding the Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors Using
MATLAB
8.9 The Cayley-Hamilton and Other Analytical Techniques*
8.9.1 Cayley-Hamilton Theorem
dX
8.9.2 Solution of Equations of the Form = AX
dt
dX
8.9.3 Solution of Equations of the Form = AX + B(t )
dt
8.9.4 Pauli Spinors
8.10 Special Classes of Matrices*
8.10.1 Hermitian Matrices
9. Transformations
9.1 Two-dimensional (2-D) Geometric Transformations
9.1.1 Polygonal Figures Construction
9.1.2 Inversion about the Origin and Reflection about the
Coordinate Axes
9.1.3 Rotation around the Origin
9.1.4 Scaling
9.1.5 Translation
9.2 Homogeneous Coordinates
9.3 Manipulation of 2-D Images
9.3.1 Geometrical Manipulation of Images
9.3.2 Digital Image Processing
9.3.3 Encrypting an Image
9.4 Lorentz Transformation*
9.4.1 Space-Time Coordinates
9.4.2 Addition Theorem for Velocities
9.5 MATLAB Commands Review
Selected References
*The asterisk indicates more advanced material that may be skipped in a first
reading.
Syy, joka pakotti meidät ryhtymään sotaan, on siis niin pätevä kuin
yksikään casus belli voinee konsaan olla. Itse asiassa juuri sen
kaksinainen tasavaltainen ja sotilaallinen luonne tekee sen aivan liian
päteväksi; sillä se antaa meikäläisille tilaisuuden vaatia sen kokonaan
omaksi asiakseen ja vääntää sen vale-laillisilla puolustuksilla, jotka
turmelevat yhdeksän kymmenesosaa meidän arvostamme, koska
sotilaalliset ja oikeudelliset syyt tekevät tuskin kymmenettä osaa
koko määrästä: suoraan sanoen, ne eivät olisi sellaisinaan riittäneet
oikeuttamaan edes yhden ainoan pommerilaisen krenatöörin surmaa.
Tarkastakaamme esimerkiksi sitä sotilaallista näkökohtaa, että
meidän on ryhdyttävä taisteluun Potsdamia vastaan, koska
seuraavalla kerralla on meidän vuoromme, jos Kaiser nyt pääsee
voitolle. No niin: emmekö aina ole valmiit taistelemaan, kun meidän
vuoromme koittaa? Jos tapahtuisi se kerrassaan uskomaton seikka,
että Saksa, olkoon kuinka voitokas tahansa, asettaisi kansalleen
saman miespolven aikana kaksi niin hirvittävää vaatimusta kuin sota
aina aiheuttaa, niin miksi emme luottaisi laivastoomme, voitettujen
myötätuntoon ja Amerikan ja Europan yleisen mielipiteen
kannatukseen, kun meidän vuoromme tulee, ellei tällä kertaa ole
kysymys muusta kuin tappion ja voiton erotuksesta sotaretkessä,
joka muussa suhteessa on aivan samantekevä? Ellei maailman onni
kärsi Englannin tappiosta enempää kuin Saksan tappiosta, niin kuka
välittää siitä, joudummeko me tappiolle vai emmekö? Jos olemme
vain osanottajia varustuskilpailussa ja luodeilla suoritetuissa
Olympian-kisoissa tai syyttäjiä teknillisessä kansainvälisen lain
tapauksessa, niin on aivan samantekevää, joudummeko häviölle vai
emmekö, koska siitä ei koidu vahinkoa muille kuin itsellemme — eikä
edes itsellemmekään, ellemme ota huomioon kansallista
turhamielisyyttämme. Vasta Europan elämän poliisivalvojina me
olemme tärkeitä ja voimme lähettää miehemme juoksuhautoihin
vakuutettuina siitä, että he taistelevat arvokkaan asian puolesta.
Lyhyesti sanoen: junkkari-asia ei ole penninkään arvoinen;
kansanvallan, sosialismin, kansainvälisyyden asia on kaiken sen
arvoinen, mitä se uhkaa maksaa.
SAKSALAISET PUOLUSTAUTUVAT
MEIDÄN SYYTÖKSIÄMME VASTAAN.
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