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ffirs.indd iv 12/21/11 2:29:58 PM
 BEGINNING
IOS APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT
WITH HTML AND JAVASCRIPT®

INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xxiii

 PART I GETTING STARTED

CHAPTER 1 Introducing iOS Development Using Web Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
CHAPTER 2 Working with Core Technologies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
CHAPTER 3 The Document Object Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
CHAPTER 4 Writing Your First Hello World Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
CHAPTER 5 Enabling and Optimizing Web Sites for the iPhone and iPad . . . . . . . . 79

 PART II APPLICATION DESIGN

CHAPTER 6 Designing the iPhone UI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
CHAPTER 7 Designing for iPad . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117
CHAPTER 8 Styling with CSS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

 PART III APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER 9 Programming the Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
CHAPTER 10 Handling Touch Interactions and Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
CHAPTER 11 Special Effects and Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207
CHAPTER 12 Integrating with iOS Services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
CHAPTER 13 Packaging Apps as Bookmarks: Bookmarklets
and Data URLs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

 PART IV ADVANCED PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES

CHAPTER 14 Programming the Canvas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251
CHAPTER 15 Offline Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 269
CHAPTER 16 Building with Web App Frameworks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 287
CHAPTER 17 Bandwidth and Performance Optimizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303
CHAPTER 18 Debug and Deploy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317

ffirs.indd i 12/21/11 2:29:56 PM

  PART V NEXT STEPS: DEVELOPING NATIVE IOS APPLICATIONS
WITH HTML AND JAVASCRIPT
CHAPTER 19 Preparing for Native iOS Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333
CHAPTER 20 PhoneGap: Native Apps from Your HTML, CSS,
and JavaScript . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345
CHAPTER 21 Submitting Your App to the App Store . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363
APPENDIX Exercise Answers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375

INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .381

ffirs.indd ii 12/21/11 2:29:58 PM

 BEGINNING

iOS Application Development

with HTML and JavaScript®

ffirs.indd iii 12/21/11 2:29:58 PM

ffirs.indd iv 12/21/11 2:29:58 PM
 BEGINNING

iOS Application Development

with HTML and JavaScript®

Richard Wagner

John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

ffirs.indd v 12/21/11 2:29:58 PM

 Beginning iOS Application Development with HTML and JavaScript®
Published by
John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
10475 Crosspoint Boulevard
Indianapolis, IN 46256
www.wiley.com

Copyright © 2012 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana

Published simultaneously in Canada

ISBN: 978-1-118-15900-2
ISBN: 978-1-118-22607-0 (ebk)
ISBN: 978-1-118-23751-9 (ebk)
ISBN: 978-1-118-26405-8 (ebk)

Manufactured in the United States of America

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ffirs.indd vi 12/21/11 2:30:03 PM

 To KimmyWags and the J-Team

ffirs.indd vii 12/21/11 2:30:03 PM

ffirs.indd viii 12/21/11 2:30:04 PM
 ABOUT THE AUTHOR

RICHARD WAGNER is Lead Product Architect of Mobile/Web at Maark, LLC. Previously, he was
the head of engineering for the Web scripting company Nombas and VP of Product Development
for NetObjects, where he was the chief architect of a CNET award-winning JavaScript tool named
NetObjects ScriptBuilder. He is an experienced web designer and developer and the author of
several Web-related books on the underlying technologies of the iOS application platform.

ffirs.indd ix 12/21/11 2:30:04 PM

ffirs.indd x 12/21/11 2:30:04 PM
 CREDITS

EXECUTIVE EDITOR PRODUCTION MANAGER

Carol Long Tim Tate

PROJECT EDITOR VICE PRESIDENT AND EXECUTIVE GROUP

Kelly Talbot PUBLISHER
Richard Swadley
TECHNICAL EDITOR
Michael Gilbert VICE PRESIDENT AND EXECUTIVE
PUBLISHER
PRODUCTION EDITOR Neil Edde
Kathleen Wisor
ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER
COPY EDITOR Jim Minatel
Charlotte Kughen
PROJECT COORDINATOR, COVER
EDITORIAL MANAGER Katie Crocker
Mary Beth Wakefield
PROOFREADER
FREELANCER EDITORIAL MANAGER Sheilah Ledwidge, Word One
Rosemarie Graham
INDEXER
ASSOCIATE DIRECTOR OF MARKETING Robert Swanson
David Mayhew
COVER DESIGNER
MARKETING MANAGER
Ryan Sneed
Ashley Zurcher
COVER IMAGE
BUSINESS MANAGER
© Sam Burt Photography / iStockPhoto
Amy Knies

ffirs.indd xi 12/21/11 2:30:04 PM

ffirs.indd xii 12/21/11 2:30:05 PM
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

THE IPHONE AND IPAD HAVE EMERGED as my favorite pieces of technology I have ever owned. As
such, the topic of iOS application development has been a joy to write about. However, the book
was also a joy because of the stellar team I had working with me on this book. First and foremost,
I’d like to thank Kelly Talbot for his masterful role as project editor. He kept the project on track
and running smoothly from start to fi nish. I’d also like to thank Michael Gilbert for his insights and
ever-watchful eye that ensured technical accuracy in this book. Further, thanks also to Charlotte
Kughen for her editing prowess.

ffirs.indd xiii 12/21/11 2:30:05 PM

ffirs.indd xiv 12/21/11 2:30:05 PM
 CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION xxiii

PART I: GETTING STARTED

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCING IOS DEVELOPMENT USING WEB

TECHNOLOGIES 3

Discovering the Safari on iOS Platform 3

Key Safari Features for Web Developers 6
Four Ways to Develop Web Apps for iOS 7
The Finger Is Not a Mouse 9
Limitations and Constraints 10
Setting Up Your Development Environment on a Local Network 11
CHAPTER 2: WORKING WITH CORE TECHNOLOGIES 15

Exploring HTML 5 Media Elements 15

Scripting JavaScript 18
Syntax and Basic Rules 18
Variables 20
Operators 26
Reserved Words 27
Basic Conditional Expressions 28
Loops 31
Comments 33
Functions 35
Data Types 39

CHAPTER 3: THE DOCUMENT OBJECT MODEL 47

What Is the DOM? 47

DOM as a Tree 48
Accessing the DOM from JavaScript 51
Accessing a Specific Element 51
Accessing a Set of Elements 52
Accessing Family Members 53
Retrieving Attributes 53
Manipulating the DOM 55
Creating an Element and Other Nodes 55

ftoc.indd xv 12/21/11 2:35:54 PM

 CONTENTS

Adding a Node to the DOM 55

Creating Other Elements 57
Setting a Value to an Attribute 59
Moving a Node 60
Cloning a Node 60
Removing a Node from the DOM 61
Removing an Attribute 62

CHAPTER 4: WRITING YOUR FIRST HELLO WORLD APPLICATION 65

Setting Up 66
Creating Your Index Page 66
Creating the Main Screen 67
Adding Detail Pages 70
CHAPTER 5: ENABLING AND OPTIMIZING WEB SITES
FOR THE IPHONE AND IPAD 79

Tier 1: iOS Compatibility 80

Tier 2: Navigation-Friendly Websites 82
Working with the Viewport 82
Turning Your Page into Blocks 85
Defining Multiple Columns (Future Use) 87
Tier 3: Custom Styling 87
Media Queries 88
Text Size Adjustment 88
Case Study: Enabling an Existing Web Site 89
Tier 4: Parallel Sites 92

PART II: APPLICATION DESIGN

CHAPTER 6: DESIGNING THE IPHONE UI 99

Evolving UI Design 99
The iPhone Viewport 100
Exploring iOS Design Patterns 102
Categorizing Apps 103
Navigation List-based UI Design 104
Application Modes 105
Exploring Screen Layout 106
Title Bar 106
Edge-to-Edge Navigation Lists 107
Rounded Rectangle Design Destination Pages 108

xvi

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 CONTENTS

Designing for Touch 109

Working with Fonts 110
Best Practices in iOS UI Design 111
Adding Finishing Touches 112
CHAPTER 7: DESIGNING FOR IPAD 117

Special iPad Considerations 117

Design Essentials 118
Dealing with Scrolling 118
Split View Design Pattern 119
Designing a UI for iPad 120

CHAPTER 8: STYLING WITH CSS 135

CSS Selectors Supported in Safari 135

Text Styles 137
Controlling Text Sizing with -webkit-text-size-adjust 138
Handling Overflowed Text with text-overflow 139
Creating Subtle Shadows with text-shadow 142
Styling Block Elements 142
Image-Based Borders with -webkit-border-image 142
Rounded Corners with -webkit-border-radius 143
Gradient Push Buttons with -webkit-appearance 144
Multiple Background Images 144
Setting Transparencies 145
Creating CSS-based iOS Buttons 147
Identifying Incompatibilities 148

PART III: APPLICATION DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER 9: PROGRAMMING THE INTERFACE 153

Top Level of Application 154

Examining Top-Level Styles 155
Adding the Top Toolbar 157
Adding a Top-Level Navigation Menu 159
Displaying a Panel with an Internal URL 160
Creating a Secondary Navigation List 162
Designing for Long Navigation Lists 163
Creating a Destination Page 164
Adding a Dialog 168

xvii

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 CONTENTS

Scripting UI Behavior 178

On Document Load 179
Loading a Standard iUI Page 181
Handling Link Clicks 183
Loading a Dialog 184

CHAPTER 10: HANDLING TOUCH INTERACTIONS AND EVENTS 189

Three Types of Touch Events 189

Mouse-Emulation Events 190
Many Events Handled by Default 190
Conditional Events 190
Mouse Events: Think “Click,” Not “Move” 191
Click-Enabling Elements 192
Event Flow 192
Unsupported Events 192
Touch Events 194
Gesture Events 196
Detecting an Orientation Change 196
Changing a Style Sheet When Orientation Changes 198
Changing Element Positioning Based on Orientation Change 203
Trapping for Key Events with the On-Screen Keyboard 204
CHAPTER 11: SPECIAL EFFECTS AND ANIMATION 207

Gradients 207
Creating CSS Gradients 207
Creating Gradients with JavaScript 210
Adding Shadows 212
Adding Reflections 213
Working with Masks 215
Creating Transform Effects 217
Creating Animations 218
CHAPTER 12: INTEGRATING WITH IOS SERVICES 223

Making Phone Calls from Your App 224

Sending Emails 226
Sending SMS Messages 229
Pointing on Google Maps 230

xviii

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 CONTENTS

CHAPTER 13: PACKAGING APPS AS BOOKMARKS:

BOOKMARKLETS AND DATA URLS 235

Working with Bookmarklets 236

Adding a Bookmarklet to Safari on iOS 236
Exploring How Bookmarklets Can Be Used 237
Storing an Application in a Data URL 239
Constraints and Issues with Using Data URLs 239
Developing a Data URL App 240

PART IV: ADVANCED PROGRAMMING TECHNIQUES

CHAPTER 14: PROGRAMMING THE CANVAS 251

Identifying the User Agent 251

Programming the iOS Canvas 254
Defining the Canvas Element 254
Getting a Context 254
Drawing a Simple Rectangle 256
Drawing Other Shapes 257
Drawing an Image 259
Advanced Drawing 261
Drawing with Encoded Images 262
Adding Color and Transparency 264
Creating an Image Pattern 265
CHAPTER 15: OFFLINE APPLICATIONS 269

HTML 5 Offline Application Cache 269

Create a Manifest File 270
Reference the Manifest File 271
Programmatically Control the Cache 271
Checking Connection Status 273
Using Key-Value Storage 276
Saving a Key Value 276
Loading Key-value Data 277
Deleting Key-value Data 278
Going SQL with the JavaScript Database 283
Open a Database 283
Querying a Table 283

xix

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 CONTENTS

CHAPTER 16: BUILDING WITH WEB APP FRAMEWORKS 287

Using jQuery Mobile 288

Using iWebKit 293
CHAPTER 17: BANDWIDTH AND PERFORMANCE
OPTIMIZATIONS 303

Optimization Strategies 303

Best Practices to Minimize Bandwidth 304
General 304
Images 305
CSS and JavaScript 305
Compressing Your Application 306
Gzip File Compression 306
JavaScript Code Compression 307
JavaScript Performance Optimizations 308
Smart DOM Access 309
Local and Global Variables 311
Dot Notation and Property Lookups 311
Avoiding Nested Properties 311
Accessing a Named Object 312
Property Lookups Inside Loops 312
String Concatenation 313
What to Do and Not to Do 314

CHAPTER 18: DEBUG AND DEPLOY 317

Simulating the iPhone or iPad on Your Development Computer 318

Xcode’s iOS Simulator 318
Using Safari on Mac or Windows 320
Working with Desktop Safari Debugging Tools 322
Working with the Develop Menu 322
Working with Safari’s Web Inspector 323
Working with the Scripts Inspector 325
Debugging on an iOS Device 326
Debug Console 326
DOM Viewer 327

xx

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 CONTENTS

PART V: NEXT STEPS: DEVELOPING NATIVE IOS APPLICATIONS

WITH HTML AND JAVASCRIPT

CHAPTER 19: PREPARING FOR NATIVE IOS DEVELOPMENT 333

Downloading Xcode 333

Joining the iOS Developer Program 334
Getting an iOS Developer Certificate 335
Retrieving the Developer Certificate 337
Adding a Device for Testing 337
Creating an App ID 338
Creating a Provisioning Profile 340
Installing the Development Provisioning Profile 341
CHAPTER 20: PHONEGAP: NATIVE APPS FROM
YOUR HTML, CSS, AND JAVASCRIPT 345

Installing PhoneGap 345

Creating a New PhoneGap Project in Xcode 346
Running the Base Project 348
Adding Web Files to the Xcode Project 348
Merging Your Web App Code 349
Tweaking the Xcode Project 357
Allowing External References 357
Opening External Links in Safari 358
Adding an Icon and Launch Image 359
Running the Finished App 360
CHAPTER 21: SUBMITTING YOUR APP TO THE APP STORE 363

Step 1: Getting a Distribution Certificate 364

Step 2: Creating a Distribution Provisioning Profile 365
Step 3: Building a Distribution Release of Your App 368
Step 4: Submitting Your App to the App Store 369
APPENDIX: EXERCISE ANSWERS 375

INDEX 381

xxi

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flast.indd xxii 12/21/11 8:06:32 AM
 INTRODUCTION

THE AMAZING SUCCESS OF THE IPHONE and iPad over the past four years has proven that
application developers are now smack deep in a brave new world of sophisticated, multifunctional
mobile applications. No longer do applications and various media need to live in separate silos.
Instead, mobile web-based applications can bring together elements of web apps, native apps,
multimedia video and audio, and the mobile device.
This book covers the various aspects of developing web-based applications for iOS. Specifically, you will
discover how to create a mobile application from the ground up, utilize existing open source frameworks
to speed up your development times, emulate the look and feel of built-in Apple applications, capture
finger touch interactions, and optimize applications for Wi-Fi and wireless networks.

WHO THIS BOOK IS FOR

This book is aimed primarily for beginning and intermediate web developers who want to build new
applications for iOS or migrate existing web apps to this platform. In general, readers will fi nd it
helpful to have a working knowledge of the following technologies:
➤ HTML/XHTML
➤ CSS
➤ JavaScript
➤ Ajax
However, if you are a less experienced working with these technologies, be sure to take advantage of
the early chapters at the start of the book.

WHAT THIS BOOK COVERS

This book introduces readers to the web application platform for iOS. It guides readers through the
process of building new applications from scratch and migrating existing web applications to this
new mobile platform. As it does so, it helps readers design a user interface that is optimized for iOS
touch-screen displays and integrate their applications with iPhone services, including Phone, Mail,
Google Maps, and GPS.

HOW THIS BOOK IS STRUCTURED

The chapter-level breakdown is as follows:
1. Introducing iOS Development Using Web Technologies. Explores the Safari development
platform and walks you through different ways you can develop apps for iOS.

flast.indd xxiii 12/21/11 8:06:32 AM

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