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Building iPhone Apps with HTML, CSS, and
JavaScript
Building iPhone Apps with HTML,
CSS, and JavaScript

Jonathan Stark

Beijing • Cambridge • Farnham • Köln • Sebastopol • Taipei • Tokyo

Building iPhone Apps with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
by Jonathan Stark

Copyright © 2010 Jonathan Stark. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America.

Published by O’Reilly Media, Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472.

O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions
are also available for most titles (http://my.safaribooksonline.com). For more information, contact our
corporate/institutional sales department: (800) 998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com.

Editor: Brian Jepson Indexer: Fred Brown

Production Editor: Sumita Mukherji Cover Designer: Karen Montgomery
Copyeditor: Emily Quill Interior Designer: David Futato
Proofreader: Sada Preisch Illustrator: Robert Romano

Printing History:
January 2010: First Edition.

Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are registered trademarks of
O’Reilly Media, Inc. Building iPhone Apps with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript, the image of a bluebird, and
related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc.
Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as
trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media, Inc., was aware of a
trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps.

While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume
no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information con-
tained herein.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works 3.0
United States License.

TM

This book uses RepKover™, a durable and flexible lay-flat binding.

ISBN: 978-0-596-80578-4

[M]

1262957633
To Erica—and that little jumping bean in her
tummy.
 Table of Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi

1. Getting Started . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Web Apps Versus Native Apps 1
What Is a Web App? 1
What Is a Native App? 1
Pros and Cons 2
Which Approach Is Right for You? 2
Web Programming Crash Course 3
Intro to HTML 3
Intro to CSS 6
Intro to JavaScript 9

2. Basic iPhone Styling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

First Steps 14
Preparing a Separate iPhone Stylesheet 16
Controlling the Page Scaling 17
Adding the iPhone CSS 19
Adding the iPhone Look and Feel 21
Adding Basic Behavior with jQuery 23
What You’ve Learned 28

3. Advanced iPhone Styling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

Adding a Touch of Ajax 29
Traffic Cop 29
Simple Bells and Whistles 34
Roll Your Own Back Button 40
Adding an Icon to the Home Screen 46
Full Screen Mode 48
Changing the Status Bar 48
Providing a Custom Startup Graphic 49

vii
 What You’ve Learned 50

4. Animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
With a Little Help from Our Friend 51
Sliding Home 51
Adding the Dates Panel 55
Adding the Date Panel 56
Adding the New Entry Panel 58
Adding the Settings Panel 60
Putting It All Together 62
Customizing jQTouch 64
What You’ve Learned 67

5. Client-Side Data Storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69

localStorage and sessionStorage 69
Saving User Settings to localStorage 70
Saving the Selected Date to sessionStorage 73
Client-Side Database 74
Creating a Database 75
Inserting Rows 78
Selecting Rows and Handling Result Sets 82
Deleting Rows 86
What You’ve Learned 89

6. Going Offline . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
The Basics of the Offline Application Cache 91
Online Whitelist and Fallback Options 94
Creating a Dynamic Manifest File 98
Debugging 102
The JavaScript Console 103
The Application Cache Database 107
What You’ve Learned 113

7. Going Native . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115

Intro to PhoneGap 115
Using the Screen’s Full Height 121
Customizing the Title and Icon 123
Creating a Startup Screen 130
Installing Your App on the iPhone 131
Controlling the iPhone with JavaScript 136
Beep, Vibrate, and Alert 136
Geolocation 140
Accelerometer 146

viii | Table of Contents

 What You’ve Learned 150

8. Submitting Your App to iTunes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151

Creating an iPhone Distribution Provisioning Profile 151
Installing the iPhone Distribution Provisioning Profile 153
Renaming the Project 155
Prepare the Application Binary 156
Submit Your App 157
While You Wait 159
Further Reading 159

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161

Table of Contents | ix
 Preface

Like millions of people, I fell in love with my iPhone immediately. Initially, web apps
were the only way to get a custom app on the device, which was fine by me because
I’m a web developer. Months later when the App Store was announced, I was jacked.
I ran out and bought every Objective-C book on the market. Some of my web apps
were already somewhat popular, and I figured I’d just rewrite them as native apps, put
them in the App Store, and ride off into the sunset on a big, galloping pile of money.
Disillusionment followed. I found it difficult to learn Objective-C, and I was turned off
by the fact that the language was of little use outside of Mac programming. Xcode and
Interface Builder were pretty slick, but they weren’t my normal authoring environment
and I found them hard to get accustomed to. I was infuriated by the hoops I had to
jump through just to set up my app and iPhone for testing. The process of getting the
app into the App Store was even more byzantine. After a week or two of struggling with
these variables, I found myself wondering why I was going to all the trouble. After all,
my web apps were already available worldwide—why did I care about being in the App
Store?
On top of all this, Apple can—and does—reject apps. This is certainly their prerogative,
and maybe they have good reasons. However, from the outside, it seems capricious and
arbitrary. Put yourself in these shoes (based on a true story, BTW): you spend about
100 hours learning Objective-C. You spend another 100 hours or so writing a native
iPhone app. Eventually, your app is ready for prime time and you successfully navigate
the gauntlet that is the App Store submission process. What happens next?
You wait. And wait. And wait some more. We are talking weeks, and sometimes
months. Finally you hear back! And...your app is rejected. Now what? You have noth-
ing to show for your effort. The bubble.
But wait, it can get worse. Let’s say you do get your app approved. Hundreds or maybe
thousands of people download your app. You haven’t received any money yet, but you
are on cloud nine. Then, the bug reports start coming in. You locate and fix the bug in
minutes, resubmit your app to iTunes, and wait for Apple to approve the revision. And
wait. And wait some more. Angry customers are giving you horrible reviews in the App
Store. Your sales are tanking. And still you wait. You consider offering a refund to the

xi
angry customers, but there’s no way to do that through the App Store. So you are
basically forced to sit there watching your ratings crash even though the bug was fixed
days or weeks ago.
Sure, this story is based on the experience of one developer. Maybe it’s an edge case
and the actual data doesn’t bear out my thesis. But the problem remains: we developers
have no access to Apple’s data, or the real details of the App Store approval process.
Until that changes, building a native app with Objective-C is a risky proposition.
Fortunately, there is an alternative. You can build a web app using open source,
standards-based web technologies, release it as a web app, and debug and test it under
load with real users. Once you are ready to rock, you can use PhoneGap to convert
your web app to a native iPhone app and submit it to the App Store. If it’s ultimately
rejected, you aren’t dead in your tracks because you can still offer the web app. If it’s
approved, great! You can then start adding features that enhance your web app by
taking advantage of the unique hardware features available on the device. Sounds like
the best of both worlds, right?

Who Should Read This Book

I’m going to assume that you have some basic experience reading and writing HTML,
CSS, and JavaScript (jQuery in particular). I will be including some basic SQL code in
Chapters 5 and 6, so a passing familiarity with SQL syntax would be helpful but is not
required.

What You Need to Use This Book

This book is going to avoid the iPhone SDK wherever possible. All you’ll need to follow
along with the vast majority of examples is a text editor and the most recent version of
Safari (or better yet, WebKit, which is a more cutting-edge version of Safari that’s
available for both Mac and Windows at http://webkit.org). You do need a Mac for the
PhoneGap material in Chapter 7, where I explain how to convert your web app into a
native app that you can submit to the App Store.

Conventions Used in This Book

The following typographical conventions are used in this book:
Italic
Indicates new terms, URLs, email addresses, filenames, and file extensions.
Constant width
Used for program listings, as well as within paragraphs to refer to program elements
such as variable or function names, databases, data types, environment variables,
statements, and keywords.

xii | Preface
Constant width bold
Shows commands or other text that should be typed literally by the user and for
emphasis within code listings.
Constant width italic
Shows text that should be replaced with user-supplied values or by values deter-
mined by context.

This icon signifies a tip, suggestion, or general note.

This icon indicates a warning or caution.

Using Code Examples

This book is here to help you get your job done. In general, you may use the code in
this book in your programs and documentation. You do not need to contact us for
permission unless you’re reproducing a significant portion of the code. For example,
writing a program that uses several chunks of code from this book does not require
permission. Selling or distributing a CD-ROM of examples from O’Reilly books does
require permission. Answering a question by citing this book and quoting example
code does not require permission. Incorporating a significant amount of example code
from this book into your product’s documentation does require permission.
We appreciate, but do not require, attribution. An attribution usually includes the
title, author, publisher, and ISBN. For example: “Building iPhone Apps with
HTML, CSS, and JavaScript by Jonathan Stark. Copyright 2010 Jonathan Stark,
978-0-596-80578-4.”
If you feel your use of code examples falls outside fair use or the permission given above,
feel free to contact us at permissions@oreilly.com.

Safari® Books Online

Safari Books Online is an on-demand digital library that lets you easily
search over 7,500 technology and creative reference books and videos to
find the answers you need quickly.
With a subscription, you can read any page and watch any video from our library online.
Read books on your cell phone and mobile devices. Access new titles before they are
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Preface | xiii
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O’Reilly Media has uploaded this book to the Safari Books Online service. To have full
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Acknowledgments
Writing a book is a team effort. My heartfelt thanks go out to the following people for
their generous contributions.
Tim O’Reilly, Brian Jepson, and the rest of the gang at ORM for making the experience
of writing this book so rewarding and educational.
Jack Templin, Providence Geeks, and RI Nexus for introducing me to the thriving tech
scene in my own hometown. This book wouldn’t exist if it weren’t for Providence
Geeks.
David Kandeda for his wonderfully obsessive pursuit of beauty. Whether it’s a bit of
code, or a user interface animation, he can’t sleep until it’s perfect, and I love that.
Brian LeRoux, Brock Whitten, Rob Ellis, and the rest of the gang at Nitobi for creating
and continuing to support PhoneGap.

xiv | Preface
Brian Fling for broadening my view of mobile beyond just the latest and greatest hard-
ware. Brian knows mobile from back in the day; he’s a wonderful writer, and on top
of that, a very generous guy.
PPK, John Gruber, John Allsopp, and John Resig for their contributions to and support
of the underlying technologies that made this book possible.
Garrett Murray, Brian LeRoux, and the swarm of folks who generously posted com-
ments and questions on the OFPS site for this book. Your feedback was very helpful
and much appreciated.
Kazu, Chuckie, Janice, Chris, and the rest of the gang at Haruki for being so accom-
modating while I endlessly typed away at the high top by the door.
My wonderful family, friends, and clients for being understanding and supportive while
I was chained to the keyboard.
And finally, Erica. You make everything possible. I love you!

Preface | xv
 CHAPTER 1
Getting Started

Before we dive in and start building applications for the iPhone, I’d like to quickly
establish the playing field. In this chapter, I’ll define key terms, compare the pros and
cons of the two most common development approaches, and present a crash course in
the three core web technologies that are used in this book.

Web Apps Versus Native Apps

First, I’ll define what I mean by “web app” and “native app” and consider the pros and
cons of each.

What Is a Web App?

To me, a web app is basically a website that is specifically optimized for the iPhone.
The site can be anything from a standard small-business brochure site to a mortgage
calculator to a daily calorie tracker—the content is irrelevant. The defining character-
istics of a web app are that the user interface is built with web-standard technologies,
it is available at a URL (public, private, or behind a login), and it is optimized for the
specifics of the iPhone. A web app is not installed on the phone, is not available in the
iTunes App Store, and is not written with Objective-C.

What Is a Native App?

In contrast, native apps are installed on the iPhone, have access to the hardware (speak-
ers, accelerometer, camera, etc.), and are written with Objective-C. The defining char-
acteristic of a native app, however, is that it’s available in the iTunes App Store—a
feature that has captured the imagination of hordes of software entrepreneurs world-
wide, myself included.

1
Pros and Cons
Different applications have different requirements. Some apps are a better fit with web
technologies than others. Knowing the pros and cons of each approach will help you
make the right decision about which path is appropriate for your situation.
Here are the pros of native app development:
• Millions of registered credit card owners are one click away.
• Xcode, Interface Builder, and the Cocoa Touch framework constitute a pretty
sweet development environment.
• You can access all the cool hardware features of the device.
Here are the cons of native app development:
• You have to pay to become an Apple developer.
• You are at the mercy of the Apple approval process.
• You have to develop using Objective-C.
• You have to develop on a Mac.
• You can’t release bug fixes in a timely fashion.
• The development cycle is slow, and the testing cycle is constrained by the App
Store’s limitations.
Here are the pros of web app development:
• Web developers can use their current authoring tools.
• You can use your current web design and development skills.
• You are not limited to developing on the Mac OS.
• Your app will run on any device that has a web browser.
• You can fix bugs in real time.
• The development cycle is fast.
Here are the cons of web app development:
• You cannot access the all cool hardware features of the phone.
• You have to roll your own payment system if you want to charge for the app.
• It can be difficult to achieve sophisticated UI effects.

Which Approach Is Right for You?

Here’s where it gets exciting. The always-online nature of the iPhone creates an envi-
ronment in which the lines between a web app and a native app get blurry. There are
even some little-known features of the iPhone that allow you to take a web app offline
if you want (see Chapter 6). What’s more, several third-party projects—of which

2 | Chapter 1: Getting Started

Random documents with unrelated
content Scribd suggests to you:
 That is the crux of the whole question; for no one who has lived
long amongst the various peoples generically known as Mashunas,
whose principal characteristics are avarice, cowardice, and a
complete callousness to the sufferings of others, will be inclined to
doubt that were they governed by an angel from heaven, they would
infallibly kill that angel, if his wing feathers were of any value to
them, provided that they believed at the same time that the crime
might be committed with impunity.

CAPTAIN TYRIE LAING

who was in command at BELINGWE on the outbreak of the native insurrection.
 Towards the end of June Captain Laing arrived in Bulawayo in
command of the relief forces which had been sent to him from Tuli
and Victoria, Lieutenant Stoddart being left in command of the
laager at Belingwe. On his way to Bulawayo, Captain Laing had had
several successful engagements with the tribes in rebellion living
between Belingwe and Filibusi, who are all Mashunas, with a small
number of Matabele living amongst them; these latter having been
the ringleaders of the rebellion in this part of the country. Captain
Laing received very valuable assistance from Matibi, a Mashuna chief
living near the Bubyi river, who sent several hundred of his men to
accompany him on his march to Bulawayo. These men did good
service and fought well when supported by white men. They
accompanied the column as far as the Umzingwani river, twenty-five
miles from Bulawayo, returning home from this point loaded up with
loot of all kinds which they had taken from their rebel countrymen.
Besides Matibi, it is worthy of remark that Chibi and Chilimanzi,
the two most important chiefs in the district between Belingwe and
Victoria, have both not only held aloof from the present rebellion,
but have given active assistance to the whites since the outbreak of
hostilities, whilst Gutu's people—the Zinjanja—have also remained
loyal to the Government.
I have now, I think, given a fairly comprehensive history of the
late insurrection in Matabeleland up to the time when, relief forces
having arrived in the country, it was deemed expedient to disband
the volunteer troops which had been originally raised to suppress
the rebellion, and I will therefore leave to abler and more
accustomed pens than mine the task of describing all the
subsequent incidents of a campaign which we will hope is now fast
drawing to an end. I will only say that no one appreciates more than
myself the excessive difficulties that have been encountered in
dislodging the rebels from such fastnesses as the Intabas a Mambo
and the Matopo Hills, or recognises more fully the brave work which
has been done under the guidance of Major-General Sir Frederick
Carrington, by Colonel Plumer, Major Baden Powell, and all the
officers and men under their command.
The Bulawayo Field Force was not actually disbanded until
Saturday, 4th July, upon which occasion the assembled troops were
addressed by Lord Grey after they had been first inspected by Major-
General Sir Frederick Carrington. The Administrator concluded his
address to the members of the force in the following words:—"All of
you have acquitted yourselves as brave men, and I would
particularly commend the conduct of Colonel Napier, who throughout
the campaign has performed his very arduous duties so satisfactorily.
But mingled with our enjoyment there must be some pain in looking
back upon many of the episodes of this rebellion. The Company has
done its best to look after your comfort, but you have undergone
notwithstanding some severe hardships, which, however, you have
borne like men; and the only complaint I have heard is that you
were not always able to go out against the enemy, but had to
perform as well the hard and monotonous work of laager and fort
duty. Many of you have a Matabele memento in the shape of a
wound, the mark of which you will carry to your graves. Many too
have lost friends; and possibly none of us realise the loss of life
which has taken place both before and during hostilities; for our
losses have been heavy, and form a large percentage of the total
number of people who were engaged in the exploitation of the
country. I cannot refer to individual cases of bravery where all have
done so well, but I would again especially mention Colonel Napier's
services to the country. He has exhibited remarkable tact and
judgment, and has freely given great assistance to the Government.
I regret that he is to-day retiring from the service, but I hope that he
will continue to give us the benefit of his experience. I do not like to
mention any particular troop, as each has acted so creditably, but I
would note the excellent services rendered by the Africander Corps
in this war, as showing the whole world the complete brotherhood
which exists between the two races of Dutchmen and Britons in
Rhodesia. I trust that an Africander troop will again form part of the
new force which is now being raised by the Government.
Information reached this country by last mail that Her Majesty has
been pleased to allow a medal to be worn for the last Matabele war,
and I shall represent strongly to Her Majesty that the same honour
ought to be conferred on the members of the Bulawayo Field Force.
You have as much right and title to the distinction as those who
fought in the first war, and I hope there will be a sufficient number
struck for both those who fought in the first war and those who have
fought during the present rebellion. I thank you for your assistance
in the past, and I hope you will remain in the country to witness the
prosperity which is certain to come."

And now, Lord Grey's speech to the members of the Bulawayo

Field Force having formed the closing scene in the history of the
corps, whose deeds in the cause of civilisation, and for the
preservation of British supremacy in Rhodesia, it has been my
endeavour to describe in the foregoing pages, it only remains for me
to bid adieu to my readers, and to hope that the intrinsic interest of
the scenes I have attempted to describe in very plain and homely
fashion may be sufficient to atone for the deficiencies which will
doubtless be only too apparent in my literary style.
 SUPPLEMENTARY CHAPTER
CONTAINING A FEW THOUGHTS AND OPINIONS UPON MATTERS
RHODESIAN AND SOUTH AFRICAN
No one, I think, who has carefully read the little history which I
have just brought to a close, can fail to have been struck by the
conspicuous part which has been played by the Dutch settlers in
Matabeleland in the recent struggle for supremacy between the
white invaders of that country and the native black races; and it will
probably come as a surprise to many to find that the Boer element is
so strong as it is in Rhodesia, for that country has always been
considered more exclusively British as regards its white population
than any other State in South Africa, not except Natal and the
Eastern Province of the Cape Colony, both of which territories,
though almost purely British in the large towns, yet possess a large
Boer population in the farming districts, whose ancestors were living
on the land before the arrival of the British colonists.
But, in the opening up and colonisation of Rhodesia by means of
the pioneer expedition of the British South Africa Company, which
took possession of Eastern Mashunaland in 1890, a new departure
was made in South African history, for the British became the
pioneers instead of the Dutch, and a British colony was established
in the far interior of the country many hundred miles to the north of
the most northerly Dutch state; and it is the fact that the occupation
of Mashunaland in 1890 and the invasion and conquest of
Matabeleland in 1893 were purely British enterprises, which has, I
think, created the belief generally held in England that Rhodesia at
the present day is a purely British colony. Yet this is not the case, for
within the British state there are two Boer colonies, the one of which
has been established subsequent to the Matabele war in the country
to the south of Fort Charter, whilst the other has occupied the hills
and valleys of Gazaland since the latter part of 1891. Besides these
agricultural colonies, where a number of contiguous farms are
occupied by Boers who have settled on the land with their wives and
families, there are many other Boer farmers scattered throughout
Rhodesia, whilst up to the time when the rinderpest destroyed all
their cattle, a large number of Dutchmen were constantly present in
the country, earning their living with their waggons and oxen as
carriers from one district to another.
When the rebellion broke out, Commandant Van Rensberg at once
formed an Africander Corps, the great majority of whose members
were Boers, although it numbered in its ranks a certain proportion of
colonists of British blood, and it is a matter of history that these
Dutchmen under Commandant Van Rensberg and Captains Van
Niekerk and Pittendrigh have done splendid service during the recent
insurrection in Matabeleland, and have fought side by side with
Grey's Scouts and Gifford's Horse, and all the other troops of the
Bulawayo Field Force, in a way which has won for them the
admiration and respect of their brothers in arms and fellow-colonists
of British blood; and that the mutual esteem and good fellowship
engendered between the two races during the recent time of
common peril may be fostered and maintained in the coming years
ought not only to be the earnest desire of all thinking men, but
should be also one of the main objects constantly kept in view by
the English Administrator of these territories.
 COMMANDANT VAN RENSBERG
who raised the Africander Corps of the Bulawayo Field Force.

Many years ago, at a time when the scheme for the colonisation of
the high and healthy plateaus lying between the Limpopo and the
Zambesi had not yet assumed definite shape in the fertile brain of
Mr. Cecil Rhodes, I remember writing in the course of an article,
published, I think, in the Fortnightly Review, that those territories
were in my opinion the natural heritage of the British and Dutch
colonists in the older states of South Africa. My forecast was true
enough, for although in its first inception the colonisation of
Rhodesia was a purely British enterprise, yet to-day, in less than six
years from the date when the Union Jack was hoisted at Fort
Salisbury and the country proclaimed to be a province of Britain, it
already numbers amongst its inhabitants a very considerable number
of Dutch Boers, who form an element of the population, which in all
South African history has been found indispensable for the gradual
conversion of vast uncultured wastes into civilised states.
Now I might, I think, have gone further, and said that the whole of
temperate South Africa (in which must be included the high plateaus
lying between the Limpopo and the Zambesi) was the joint
possession of the British and Dutch races; for in all the states of that
country, the old and the new alike, we find the two races living side
by side, whilst, curiously enough, in the British province of the Cape
Colony the Dutch outnumber the British, and in the Boer State of the
Transvaal the British outnumber the Dutch.
Throughout South Africa the Dutch live away from the towns on
their farms, and, speaking generally, form the agricultural and
pastoral population of the country. They are naturally a kindly,
hospitable race; but as the inevitable result of their surroundings
and the circumstances in which they have lived for generations, they
are for the most part very poorly educated, and therefore ignorant,
unprogressive and bigoted; whilst among the descendants of the
"voor-trekkers," who some forty years ago abandoned their farms in
the Cape Colony and fled, with their wives and their children, their
flocks and their herds, into the unknown interior beyond the great
Orange River, in order to escape from what they considered the
injustice of British rule, there exists an ingrained hatred and distrust,
not of the individual Englishman, but of the government of the
country under whose flag they believe their fathers suffered wrong,
and it is this sentiment which at the present moment, unfortunately,
is being used as a political lever, which threatens nothing but
disaster to the whole of South Africa, by the anti-British, but non-
Boer adventurers, who are fighting for their own hands in Pretoria.
 The recent deplorable invasion of Transvaal territory by a British
force in defiance of all international law, to accomplish I still fail to
understand what, has naturally exasperated the Dutch of the
Transvaal, and caused them to look upon everything British with
more distrust and suspicion than ever; but the history of that
disastrous expedition, evoking as it did the most intense national
sentiment, not only amongst the Boers of the Transvaal, but also in
a somewhat milder degree perhaps, though still in a most
pronounced manner, amongst their compatriots in the Orange Free
State, coupled with the very notorious fact that in the exclusively
Dutch districts both of the Cape Colony and Natal a very strong anti-
British feeling was excited, must have convinced even the most
infatuated that a conflict between Dutchmen and Englishmen, in
whatever portion of South Africa it may arise, will be but the prelude
to a war between the two races throughout every province from
Cape Agulhas to the Zambesi—a war which would retard the general
progress of the country for a generation, which would be infinitely
disastrous to both races engaged in the struggle, and yet could be
beneficial to neither, no matter which proved victorious.
In future let us hope that neither young military aspirants to fame,
who, being ignorant of everything concerning South Africa, would
yet climb their way to glory over the dead bodies of British and
Dutch South Africans with the most light-hearted carelessness, just
in the way of their professional business, nor cold-hearted self-
seeking foreign politicians, who would use the ignorance and
prejudice of the Boer to assist them in gratifying their jealous hatred
of England, will be allowed to sway the councils of the statesmen,
British or Boer, on whose decree the fate of South Africa really
depends.
Not being a politician nor anything else but a wandering
Englishman with a taste for natural history and sport, it may be held
most presumptuous on my part to have written as I have done; but
yet I have the most profound conviction that a war between the
Boers and British in South Africa can only be a calamity of
incalculable dimensions to both races; whilst the name of that
statesman, whether Boer or Briton, who should without just cause
on the one hand "cry havoc and let loose the dogs of war," or on the
other compel the slipping of such dogs by fatuous obstinacy, and a
cynical disregard for all the principles of enlightened government,
will be assuredly held in execration by unborn generations of Boers
and Britons alike. Neither race can get away from or do away with
the other, and therefore both must try and rub off their mutual
prejudices, and live harmoniously together.
This is not difficult in a new country like Rhodesia, where the
representatives of the two peoples are in the nature of things
thrown much together, and where there has always been a good
understanding between them, which has of late been very much
strengthened by the mutual assistance given by each to the other
during the recent troublous times; and the fact that in these
territories a very good understanding prevails between the Dutch
and British gives one reason to hope that in time a similar state of
things may be attained in the Transvaal, although unfortunately in
that State there are several factors which militate against such a
result being speedily arrived at.
In the first place, the great mass of the European population in
the Transvaal, the greater part of which is British, resides in one
great city, where it leads its own life, and does not come in contact
with the Dutch farming population, of which it knows neither the
language nor the history, and with whose modes of thought and
manner of life it is altogether out of sympathy; whilst, on the other
hand, the rough Boer, in too many cases, despises the ultra-civilised,
sharp-witted, faultlessly-dressed European, and does not recognise
that many amongst them are fine fellows and good sportsmen, and
are capable of throwing off their coats and doing a day's work,
hunting or fighting, with the roughest Boer amongst them, should
occasion serve.
And yet these mutual prejudices and misunderstandings between
the two peoples might easily be rubbed away if it were not for the
presence of an anti-British clique of Hollanders and Germans in
Pretoria, whose object it is to widen the breach between the Boers
and the British; and as many of these men occupy official positions
in the Government of the country, and are therefore more in touch
with the Boer legislators than the citizens of Johannesburg can hope
to be, they have opportunities which they do not fail to use of
increasing the distrust and suspicion already existing between the
two races who alone have got to work out the destiny of South
Africa between them, and amongst whom they are only meddlesome
self-seeking interlopers.
All the various States of South Africa will no doubt be united
sooner or later under one flag, but I am beginning to have my
doubts as to what flag that will be. It is true that at the present time
there exists in South Africa a very large British population of highly
intelligent and energetic men, who have been attracted to that
country by the diamond and gold fields. That population is
constantly increasing, but it is not one which settles on the land. It is
rather a population which has come to the country on a visit, in the
endeavour to make a fortune with which to retire to the old country,
and as the recent census taken in Johannesburg has shown, it is for
the most part composed of young men, the greater number of
whom are unmarried. Now I suppose it is conceivable that a day
may come, say in fifty, eighty or a hundred years time, when all the
treasures have been dug up out of the South African earth; and
should such a day arrive, is it not also conceivable that the great
mining populations which have built the cities of Kimberley and
Johannesburg in what a few years ago was a sparsely-inhabited
wilderness, may dwindle down to comparatively small proportions,
leaving the Boer population, which during all that time will have
been increasing at a very rapid rate, once more numerically very
much in excess of the British?
It does not appear to me very probable that during the present
generation at least the Boers, either of the Transvaal or the Orange
Free State, are likely (except under compulsion, which presupposes
a deplorable war) to enter any confederacy of South African States,
on any terms whatever, under the British flag; and therefore should
the large British mining population now existent in the country
gradually vanish, and the Boer population at the same time very
much increase, the eventful confederation may take place under
some other flag than the Union Jack. After all, as the Boers hold as
large a stake in land, if not in wealth, as the British in South Africa,
and as they were the first comers, and can lay claim to having killed
off as many natives, and generally prepared as much country for
occupation by white men, as the British, I think they are entitled to
some consideration in the matter of the flag which is eventually to
fly over the confederated States of South Africa; and for my part I
would rather see a confederation take place under a compound flag,
composed of equal parts of the Union Jack and Dutch ensign, with a
bit of a French flag let in, to represent the Huguenots who, on their
first arrival in South Africa, formed one-sixth of the entire white
population of the country, and to whom the South African Boers of
to-day owe many of their most estimable qualities, than have the
country plunged into war in order to enforce its acceptance of the
Union Jack.
However, this flag question is a problem of the future, and in the
meantime it is the duty of all South Africans who have the welfare of
the country as a whole at heart to do all they can to obliterate the
remembrance of events galling to the national pride either of
Dutchmen or Englishmen, and to endeavour to bring about once
more a feeling of mutual trust and confidence between the two
races. The Dutch must forget Slagter's Nek and Boomplaats, and the
English must learn to think no more of avenging the defeats of
Laing's Nek and Majuba Hill than they do of avenging the battles lost
by the British troops in America which culminated in the surrender of
Cornwallis and the declaration of American independence.
Now there has been for some years past an association in South
Africa called the African Bond, which in some quarters at least must
be considered anti-British, since another association called the Loyal
Colonists' League has been inaugurated to counteract its effects.
This latter society, judging by some speeches which have lately been
made by some of its members, is frankly anti-Dutch. Now, would it
not be better, if, in place of the latter society, whose object seems to
be to widen and accentuate the breach which, in the Transvaal at
least, is existent between the two races, an association should be
formed, which all clergymen of all denominations, including ministers
of the Dutch Reformed Church, should be invited to join, whose
object should be the gradual obliteration of race-hatred and race-
jealousy between the Dutch and British throughout South Africa, by
the promotion of knowledge amongst the ignorant and prejudiced of
both peoples?—for that, after all, is what is most required in order to
bring about mutual respect and mutual forbearance, and enable
every member of every State in South Africa to work under equal
laws for the general prosperity of the whole country, a prosperity
which can never attain to full fruition until the Dutch and British have
attained to a political unity throughout South Africa as complete as it
is to-day in the Cape Colony.
And now, after this long digression upon matters South African,
and the expression of many opinions which, should they be read at
all, will possibly only excite ridicule, coupled with a rebuke upon my
presumption in wandering from the fields of sport and natural
history, where I may be at home, into the arena of politics, where, it
will be said, I certainly am not, let me say a few words about the
present position and future prospects of Rhodesia.
Should the lists I have given at the end of my book be glanced
through, it will be seen that the number of the settlers who were
murdered in Matabeleland alone at the outbreak of the native
insurrection, added to those who have since been killed and
wounded in the subsequent fighting, amounts to over 300, or more
than ten per cent of the entire white population of the country at the
time of the outbreak of the rebellion, a proportion, I think, which
ought to be entirely gratifying to even the most determined enemies
of colonial expansion in Africa, whilst it gives the lie direct to the
statement which has so frequently been made, that the settlers in
Matabeleland have run no greater risks in fighting with the Matabele
in order to put down the rebellion than would be incurred by a
sportsman engaged in shooting hares and rabbits at home.
I do not expect that the publication of these lists will call the blush
of shame to the cheeks of those who have been so eager to vilify
their countrymen in Rhodesia, but I do hope that it will arouse a
feeling of indignation in the minds of many who have hitherto been
more or less led astray by these dishonest, spiteful, and unpatriotic
mentors, and at any rate they must be sad reading to all but the
most prejudiced. However, the rebellion can now, I think, be
considered as almost at an end. The Kafirs have entirely failed in
their attempt to kill all the white men in Matabeleland, and to re-
establish themselves as an independent nation. To the west, north-
west, north, north-east, and east, the impis which four months ago
had formed a cordon round all those faces of Bulawayo have one
and all been driven from their positions, and have now broken up
into hundreds of little bands, living in the forests with their wives
and children. From all the information one can gather, the vast
majority of these people are already suffering from want of food, as
their cattle are all or nearly all dead from rinderpest, and a large
proportion of their year's supply of grain has been taken possession
of or destroyed by the white men. Under these conditions they
cannot hold out much longer, and they would probably have already
come in to surrender were it not that on the one hand, knowing the
exasperation caused amongst the whites by the crimes they have
committed, they are afraid to throw themselves on their mercy, and
on the other they are kept from doing so by their chiefs, who having
been the ringleaders of the rebellion, and fearing that in case of
surrender their own lives at least would be forfeited, are still doing
all they can to prevent their people from submitting.
In the Matopos, Mr. Cecil Rhodes and Mr. Johan Colenbrander are
at the present moment carrying on negotiations with the insurgent
chiefs, which may or may not end in peace. Should no satisfactory
arrangement be arrived at, and the war be continued, the natives
will be driven to desperation, and it will not only require a much
larger force than there is at present in the country, but the
expenditure of a vast amount of money, and the loss of many
valuable lives, before they can be absolutely all killed or hunted out
of the almost impregnable fastnesses and hills honeycombed with
caverns which exist all over the large area of country known as the
Matopos.
Now I think that, in view of the enormous cost and great loss of
life that would be entailed by the decision to make no terms with the
natives, it would be better to accept their submission on lines
consistent with the future safety of the country. The chiefs must
stand their trial, but the lives of all those who have had no part in
the murder of white men, women, and children, could be
guaranteed. The whole nation must of course be disarmed as
completely as possible, and the actual murderers of white people
during the first days of the rebellion must be shot or hanged. But
should these conditions be complied with, whilst at the same time a
large police force is maintained in the country, and the native
administration carried on in such a way that, although the natives
are treated with firmness, their grievances will always be heard, and
as far as possible remedied, I do not think we need fear another
rebellion.
Of course there are those who say that it is a great mistake to
hold any parley with them at all. Go on killing them, they say, until
the remnant crawl in on their hands and knees and beg for mercy.
Well, that end could only be attained, as I have already said, at a
cost of much money and many lives; so I think that there are many
here, who, some for the sake of expediency and others for the sake
of humanity, would now wish to see this rebellion ended as soon as
possible, if it can be done in such a way as to ensure the future
safety of the settlers in the country. As soon as the chiefs submit
and their people are again located on the lands from which they
have been driven, I think there can be no doubt that the country
will, for the time being, be perfectly safe for white men; for history
has shown us that when a Kafir tribe submits it does so absolutely
for the time being, and no murders of isolated individuals are
committed until the chiefs are ready for another insurrection.
It may of course be said that the Matabele have not yet been
thoroughly beaten, and that, having gained a good deal of
experience during the last five months, their idea in submitting is to
get in their next year's crops and then begin again, on the principle
of "reculer pour mieux sauter." But is this at all probable? After the
first war they were more or less surprised into submission to the
white men, the greater part of them never having fought for their
country at all. Then they found that the shoe of the white man's rule
began to pinch, but they wore it for two years, and did not attempt
to throw it off until the country appeared to them to have been left
in an absolutely defenceless condition by their conquerors.
They have now had their rebellion, and it has absolutely failed,
and they have lost at least twice as many men in the recent fighting
as they did in the first war. Nor is there any longer a cattle question
to excite their resentment, for the cattle are all, or almost all, dead
from the rinderpest. Therefore it appears to me, that if they are
disarmed as far as is possible, and if a strong police force is
maintained in the country for the next few years, their submission
can be safely accepted, and the mass of the people be allowed to go
unpunished; but justice and common sense both demand that all
who are proved to have been implicated, either directly or indirectly,
in any of the murders which marked the outbreak of the rebellion,
shall be most summarily dealt with. They will be gradually
discovered, and some, it may be, may not be brought to justice for
years to come, but no mercy must be shown them whenever or
wherever they may be found.
In less than two years' time the railway now being pushed on
through the Bechuanaland Protectorate will have reached Bulawayo;
and if the natives can be kept quiet by a firm and just rule until the
advent of the iron horse in Matabeleland, there is little fear of their
ever again rising in rebellion against the white man.
In the meantime the development of the country must remain at a
standstill, and the country retained as a British possession, by an
occupation which will be almost purely military, as not only has the
cost of living been rendered almost prohibitive through the
destruction of all the cattle in Matabeleland and Bechuanaland by
the rinderpest, and the consequent substitution of mules and
donkeys in the place of oxen for draught purposes, but farming also
has been rendered very difficult, as, putting aside stock and dairy
farming, no ploughing can be done without oxen, nor can
agricultural produce be carried to market without the assistance of
those useful animals, for salted and acclimatised horses and mules
are too scarce and expensive to be reckoned on for farm work. The
rinderpest, therefore, has for the present put an end to all European
enterprise in the way of mining and farming in Matabeleland.
People in England can only realise the disastrous effect which this
dread disease has had on the prosperity of the country by
endeavouring to picture to themselves what the consequences would
have been had a disease suddenly made its appearance in Great
Britain in the early part of the present century, before the
introduction of railways, which destroyed ninety-nine per cent of all
the horses in the British Isles; yet even that would scarcely
represent the extent of the calamity from the effects of which we are
now suffering, when it is considered what an immense tract of
barren wilderness yet lies between Matabeleland and the nearest
railway station.
In the early part of this year there were over 100,000 head of
cattle, all sleek and in excellent condition, in Matabeleland, but when
it closes, I think it very doubtful if 500 will be still left alive in the
whole country. Even this loss is small as compared with that
sustained by Khama and his people, who were the largest cattle-
holders in South Africa, and whose loss it has been computed, from
reliable data, exceeds 800,000 head of horned cattle.
 However, the rinderpest is a calamity which is not likely to occur
again, but which, when it does occur, sweeps everything before it
both in Europe and Africa. That Matabeleland as a whole is a country
second to none in South Africa for cattle-breeding is the opinion of
everyone who has lived there for any length of time and had the
opportunity of studying the matter. When, therefore, the rinderpest
has died out, and the railway has reached Bulawayo, the country will
be gradually restocked; and then, too, mining machinery will be
imported, and our mines will at last be worked with a result which
will give the final death-blow to all those who have for the last six
years been engaged in disseminating falsehoods concerning
Rhodesia.
From the statistics supplied to me by the Compensation Board,
which I have given in the form of an appendix, it will be seen that a
good deal of farming work had already been done at the time of the
outbreak of the rebellion, and that the population of Matabeleland
were not all "gin-sellers" or "men who had gone out to Matabeleland
in order to swindle the British public, by inducing them to subscribe
for shares in worthless companies, whose so-called gold claims
contained no gold." The fact, too, that farmers and prospectors were
living all over the country in perfect health rather explodes the
theory of a noxious vapour rising to some four feet from the ground
which is so deadly to Europeans that all colonisation of the country
is impossible; but this, if I remember aright, was the theory
propounded by one of Mr. Labouchere's "reliable" correspondents—a
fit contributor, forsooth, to the pages of Truth.
It is now known throughout South Africa that Matabeleland and
Mashunaland are white men's countries, where Europeans can live
and thrive and rear strong healthy children; that they are
magnificent countries for stock-breeding, and that many portions of
them will prove suitable for Merino sheep and Angora goats; whilst
agriculture and fruit-growing can be carried on successfully almost
everywhere in a small way, and in certain districts, especially in
Mashunaland and Manica where there is a greater abundance of
water, on a fairly extensive scale.
As for the gold, there is every reason to believe that out of the
enormous number of reefs which are considered by their owners to
be payable properties some small proportion at least will turn up
trumps, and, should this proportion only amount to two per cent,
that will be quite sufficient to ensure a big output of gold in the near
future, which will in its turn ensure the prosperity of the whole
country.
Once let the railway reach Bulawayo, and given intelligent
legislation in the best interests of the settlers and miners in the
country, Rhodesia will soon prove its value to the most sceptical; but
the prosperity which I predict will, I am afraid, be very much
retarded, if not completely destroyed, by the revocation at the
present moment of the Charter which was granted to the British
South Africa Company in 1889, and the substitution of Imperial rule
for the present form of Government. For this reason:—Under the
present régime the Company's administrator is always accessible to
the people living in the country, and whatever local reforms may be
deemed necessary by the latter are always capable of discussion,
and can be acceded to by him on the spot, without despatches
having first of all to be forwarded to the High Commissioner at the
Cape, by whom they would be sent on to the Colonial Office, with
the result that a local reform, urgently required, might be delayed
for months or never granted at all.
Under the Company's government, too, the administrator himself
would always be a man acquainted with the history of the territories
he was governing, and would be probably one who not only had the
prosperity of the country he was governing deeply at heart, but who
also would have a very good idea as to how that prosperity was
likely to be attained. During the next few years, too, which will be a
very critical period in the history of Rhodesia, such an administrator
would always have the benefit of the advice of the man through
whose energy and genius the territories forming that state have
been secured for the British Empire. But should this territory be
converted into a Crown colony and governed from Downing Street
on hard-and-fast lines, some of them not at all applicable to local
requirements, with an administrator very likely ignorant of his local
surroundings, and possibly out of sympathy with the settlers—Dutch
and British—who have made the country their home, nothing but
disaster is to be expected.
Surely the people who have stuck to Rhodesia through good and
evil times, and who, under the auspices of the Chartered Company,
have added a vast territory to the British Empire and laid the
foundations of what will soon be a prosperous colony, which, given
an intelligent and adaptable form of government, will be able to pay
its way, ought to have some say in this matter, and not be
transferred unwillingly to a rule which they know would be ill suited
to local requirements, and under which local enterprises would
surely languish for want of the fostering care which only a local
administrator can provide.
The white population of Rhodesia have had many a growl at the
government of the Chartered Company, but in most cases they have
got what they growled for—to wit, the extension of the railways,
both from the Cape Colony and the East Coast; the reduction of the
Company's percentage of interest in the mines; and full and most
generous compensation, where the claims were just, for cattle
destroyed in the endeavour to stay the progress of the rinderpest,
and for all losses sustained owing to the late native insurrection.
Under Imperial rule they know that no compensation has ever been
granted for losses sustained through a native rebellion, and they also
know that little or no assistance could be hoped for in the
construction of railways or other public works. Recognising all these
things, having as an object-lesson just before their eyes the
wretchedly slow progress made in Bechuanaland under the Imperial
administration, and knowing, moreover, that the Transvaal war of
1880-81, if not the loss of the Transvaal itself as a British possession,
was brought about solely by a Government from Downing Street,
through an administrator entirely ignorant of local requirements and
absolutely out of sympathy with the people he was chosen to
govern, can it be wondered at that at a recent meeting of the
Chamber of Commerce in this town, the people of Bulawayo
expressed confidence in the government of the Chartered Company
and in Mr. Cecil Rhodes, representing as they do a corporation of
capitalists who hold the largest financial stake in the country, and
whose aims and objects are identical with those of the people living
in the country, whilst they resented the idea of being handed over to
Imperial rule without having their wishes in the matter consulted, in
order to please the Little Englander party at home?
One of the most noteworthy features at the meeting to which I
have referred was the remarkable unanimity shown by the British
and Dutch on this subject, for the Dutch up here believe in Mr.
Rhodes, and have the most absolute confidence in his ability to
insure the prosperity of the country. The natives, too, as has just
been shown, look upon him as their father; and I believe that
through his influence and the strength of his personality, a peace will
soon be arranged with them, which would have been impossible at
the present time but for his presence in the country.
Bulawayo, 26th August 1896.
 APPENDICES

APPENDIX A
Headquarters, Intelligence Department,
Bulawayo, August 1896.
Amended List of Persons murdered in Matabeleland during the recent native insurrection.

Date
Names District Details
(1896).
Anderson, Joscelyn End
Sebakwe On way to Mafungabusi; engineer.
Hepburn March
Reported killed by F. Evans, his mate,
Anderson, Alex Boola Boola 25th "
who escaped.
Bertlesen Family (6)
Farming 12 miles north of Hartley Hills
(father, mother, and 4 Shangani River End "
Road.
sons)
Baragwanath, John
Filibusi 24th May Brother in the B.F.F.
Albert
Bentley, Arthur " " A N.-C. from Queenstown district.
End
Barr, W. A. Shangani Family, contractors at Bristol.
March
Partner of West Brothers, Umvungu
Barnard, Harry Edgar Umvungu 25th " Store; late with Parker Wood,
Johannesburg.
End Killed with Cyril West (Williams' Ex.
Bolton Inyati
March Coy.)
Hammond's Mines; killed with S. Van
Bowen, Jimmy Mavene 30th "
Blerk.
Borgen or Vorgen Shangani ... Prospector.
M.M.P. sent to warn people, Lower
Bowker, Trooper Lower Gwelo 30th "
Gwelo.
Colas, Dionysius Inyati End " A Greek trader.
Cunningham, James One of Cunningham family, away
Filibusi 24th "
Samuel carting wood.
Clark, W. E. Mavene End " Body found—Gwelo patrol.
Carpenter, John Loran Filibusi 24th " Body found near Filibusi Store.
Cunningham Family (8)
24th Farmers near Store (brother, F. H.
(father, mother, and 6 Filibusi
March Cunningham, Dundee, Natal).
children)
Classen, Henry Makukapene 26th " Body seen.
M.M.P., killed with Graham, Handley,
Case, George Inyati " "
Hurford, and Corke.
Corke, Leighton Huntley " " " Ex. M.M.P., do.
Prospector; body buried by Napier's
Comploier, P. Gwelo " "
Gwelo patrol.
Son of Mr. and Mrs. Cumming,
Cumming, Percy H. Filibusi 25th " Bulawayo; body seen near Filibusi
Store.
Crawley, Alaine M. " " " Working with J. Schultz.
Cato, Colin " " " Body seen at edge of shaft.
Donovan, Timothy (?S. Killed with Seward near Ancients Reef;
Inyati " "
A.) working for Mallert.
Durden, Charles Ingwena " " Killed with Surveyor Fitzpatrick.
Dufra Lower Gwelo 30th " Killed at Shangani.
Daly, John (?James) Filibusi 25th " Left for Gambo's kraal.
Davies, Harold John Bembisi 2nd April Killed near Thaba N'Couga.
Danby, Lewis Bulawayo ... Prospector.
25th Managing Glen's farms; sick at time of
Daly, James M. Bubi
March death.
Edwards, Norman Inyati " " Surveyor (of Fletcher and Espiro).
Storekeeper (brother in
Edkins, E. C. Inyati 24th "
Johannesburg); body seen in store.
Eaglestone, Charles End
Makukapene Partner of Joseph Clinton.
Percy March
Ehlert, Ferdinand Working with J. Jeffries. Family in
Filibusi " "
(known as "Bill") Kimberley.
Earst, Ayerst Alfred " " " Working with J. Jeffries.
On way from
Murdered by natives, as reported by
Edgell, E. R. Gwelo to " "
Adjutant Taylor, Gwelo.
Hartley Hills
Fitzpatrick Lower Gwelo 25th " Surveyor; body seen.
Farquharson, James
Bulawayo ... Storekeeper.
John Edward
Forster, Wilson Makukapene " " Prospector; body seen.
Fourie Family (8)
Farming; bodies buried by Napier's
(Stephanus, wife, and Tekwe River 2nd April
Gwelo patrol.
6 children)
Fourie, Caspar Hendrick Near Bulawayo 20th April Transport rider, killed with Potgieter.
End Prospector, with companion (name
Farrar Lower Gwelo
March unknown).
Foxkerk, Stanley Shangani 25th " Prospector.
Left Inyati for Bubi; Manager
Grenfell, Pascoe St. L. Inyati End "
Company.
Gordon, John Gwelo " " Miner.
Graham, A. M. Inyati 26th " A N.-C. Family in Glasgow.
Grant, John M'Innes Filibusi 25th " Mining with Robert Sharpe.
Killed with Jock Nimmo at Godlway's
Grant, Jock M'Leod " " " kraal; body buried by Salisbury
column.
Greenhaugh, John Hotel, Filibusi " " Working with Whawill and Reddan.
Gracey, Robert Shangani End " Body buried by Napier's Gwelo patrol.
Hunter, H. E. Bembisi " " Body seen.
Sub-Inspector M.M.P., son of Henry
Handley, Mark Inyati " "
Handley, Natal.
Late M.M.P., killed with Graham,
Hurford, George " " "
Handley, Case, and Corke.
Pongo River Partner of H. P. Selmes. Family in
Hurlstone, Frederick " "
Hotel Coventry.
Store on Hartley Hill Road (brother, A.
Harbord, H. M. Mavene " " G. Harbord, Longton, near
Nottingham).
Killed with Palmer and Johnson,
Hammond, And. Robt. Shangani " "
engineers.
Body found at Harbord's Store; age
Hartley, Joseph Ingwena Store " "
about forty-five, height 5 ft. 8 in.
Holstein Shangani ... Prospector.
Ivers, Colin Campbell Filibusi 24th " Body found Celtic Reef.
Johnson, W. H. Shangani 30th " Killed with Hammond and Palmer.
Jensen, Charles " " " A Swede.
Johnston Filibusi 25th "
Jeffries, J. " " " Working with Ehlert and Earst.
J. Ross's stepdaughter; body buried by
Kirk, Agnes Tekwe River 2nd April
Napier's patrol.
2nd
Keefe, Charles Shangani Working with Webster.
March
Keefe, Christopher " " " " "
Koch Filibusi 25th Killed with Jeffries, Ehlert, and Earst.
End
Livesay, E. R. Eustace Filibusi Late Lieutenant 3rd Dragoon Guards.
March
 Killed at O'Maker's waggon; others
Luckcass, Herbert " 25th "
escaped.
Body found Mavene; almost
Lennock, George Gwelo End "
unrecognisable.
Langford (2), Dr. and Bodies found on Rixon's farm and
Insiza " "
Mrs. buried by Napier's Gwelo patrol.
Father G. D. Lemon, Raleigh, Bedeford,
North Devon; money at Standard
Lemon, C. J. " " "
Bank; buried by Napier's Gwelo
patrol.
Lewis, Arthur B. Filibusi 25th "
Lund, Severin H. C. Gwaai River End " A Dane.
M'Heugh, Harry Bembisi " "
Maddocks, Thomas Filibusi 23rd "
Melford, William B. Gwelo End "
With Van der Doorten; a Jew from
Matthews Shangani " "
Melbourne.
Mathey, Ernest Filibusi 25th " Body recognised near Store.
Marcussen, Andreas E. Hartley Hills ... Prospector.
Morrison, James E. Queen's Reef 29th " Refused to leave.
Working with H. B. Taylor; body not
M'Cormack Ingwena Store End "
seen.
Macdonald, Colin Filibusi 25th " Killed with Classen.
Nimmo, Walter (known
" " " Murdered with John M'Leod Grant.
as Jock or Watty)
Palmer, H. M. Shangani 30th " Killed with Hammond and Johnson.
Potgieter, Derk Rainer Bulawayo Road 20th April Transport rider.
24th
Ottens, Wilhelm O. Filibusi Family lives near Assen, Holland.
March
O'Reilly, T. Gwelo End " Murdered on Leechdale Co.'s property.
O'Connor, ("Jack") John Filibusi 25th " Brother saved; in Bulawayo.
Reddington, Reginald Pongo River End " Clerk to Hurlstone.
Murdered with Greenhaugh and
Reddan, Valentine Filibusi 25th "
Whawill.
Rowe, F. R. Shangani 30th " Miner of St. Austell.
Richards, John Edward Bulawayo ... Prospector.
Ross (2), Joseph and
Tekwe River 2nd April
wife
Rowlands, John James Bembisi Miner of King William's Town.
End
Radford, A. Shangani Partner of Leech.
March
Raw Lower Gwelo ... Prospector.
 25th
Sharpe, Robert Filibusi Killed with Grant.
March
Brother, late Lieut. Royal Irish Rifles,
Stanley, Frank Harrison Sebakwe End " c/o Armstrong Bros., bankers, 93
Bishopgate St., London.
Murdered with Joseph Hartley, both
Stobie, James Mavene 25th "
working for G. R. Ainnocks.
Smith Lower Gwelo ... Miner.
Killed with Cato, near Ancients Reef;
Seward, George E. Filibusi 25th "
working for Mallett.
Near Pongo Store; body recognised by
Talman, Frank Gwelo End "
Robinson. Age 24; 5 ft. 5 in.; light.
Taylor, George Shangani " "
Thomas, Jock " " "
Tyass, George (of Natal) Bembisi " " Sent with medicine to J. H. Daly.
Hammond's Mines; age 30; killed with
Van Blerk, Sid. Mavene 30th "
Jimmy Bowen.
Vaughan, Thomas Pongo River 25th "
Van Gorckim, Martinus
Bulawayo ... Bricklayer.
Gerhardus
Stoneybrook
Vavaseur, Robert Thabas M. June Reported murdered to Charter.
Simbi
30th
Van der Doorten Shangani From Rotterdam.
March
White, Robert Inyati End " Left Inyati for Bubi.
West, Cyril
Inyati End " Killed with Bolton.
(Willoughbys)
West Bros. (2) Shangani " "
Wren " 25th " Cattle-inspector in district.
Wyllie, David Gwelo End " Working for Warwick Colliers.
Wright, James Bembisi ... Storeman (of Johannesburg).
Woods, Arthur W. P. Filibusi 25th " Working and killed with E. Mathey.
White, Charles Shangani " "
White, Edward Filibusi " " Killed with Jack O'Connor.
Body found Gwelo patrol; aged 40;
Walsh, William Mavene End "
buried Mavene patrol.
Whawill, John Filibusi 25th " Killed with Reddan and Greenhaugh.
Killed with Keefes, a partner of
Webster, R. Shangani End "
Peacock's.
Weinand " " " Cattle-inspector.
Zeeburg, H. Pongo River 26th " Trader.
List of Persons supposed to have been in Matabeleland at the time of the outbreak of the insurrection, of whom nothing
has since been heard, and the greater part, if not all, of whom must therefore be numbered amongst those murdered
by the natives.

Details and
Names Last heard of.
Address
Ansterhauzen Thabas Mamba Trading at Thabas Mamba.
Bird, Robert
... Left Cape Town 13th April.
George
Band ... Late of Johannesburg Police.
Burch, Dr. ... Reported to be in Matabeleland.
Bridge, Walter ...
Batchelor, Franc Reported to have been on some mining
...
D. property near Bulawayo.
Bruce, Stewart ... A Trooper in Dr. Jameson's force.
Bent
Bowen, O
Left Scotland in 1880 East for London,
afterwards in Kimberley and
Johannesburg, and left latter place
Beaton, James Johannesburg
probably for Bulawayo. Height 5 ft. 10
in.; black curly hair; well built; 42 years
of age.
Cook, James P. Bulawayo Photographer's assistant, Bulawayo.
Cook, Thomas
Cook, Robert ... Late of M.M.P.
Carstens, John E.
Bulawayo Formerly in Captain Selous' Troop.
A.
Carter, James " Civil engineer in Bulawayo.
Dickson or Dixon Gwelo Gwelo district.
Douvre " "
Dixon, R. ... Formerly in army.
Seen in Bulawayo between 1-13 April, and
Doveton, W. T. Inyati
not heard of since.
Evers, Harold
Bulawayo Bulawayo district.
Cecil
Greyling (5),
John, wife, and " On road to Bulawayo.
3 children
Grant, Jimmy " Bulawayo.
Hill, John Shutter
Jacobs, Charlie ... Gwelo camp, 2nd June.
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