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Meta Heuristic Algorithms for Advanced Distributed
Systems 1st Edition Rohit Anand Digital Instant
Download
Author(s): Rohit Anand, Abhinav Juneja, Digvijay Pandey, Sapna Juneja,
Nidhi Sindhwani
ISBN(s): 9781394188062, 1394188064
Edition: 1
File Details: PDF, 7.16 MB
Year: 2024
Language: english
本书版权归John Wiley & Sons Inc.所有
Meta-Heuristic Algorithms for
Advanced Distributed Systems
Meta‐Heuristic Algorithms for Advanced
Distributed Systems

Edited by

Rohit Anand
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
G.B. Pant DSEU Okhla-1 Campus
(formerly G.B.Pant Engineering College)
Government of NCT of Delhi
New Delhi, India

Abhinav Juneja
KIET Group of Institutions
Ghaziabad, India

Digvijay Pandey
Department of Technical Education,
Government of Uttar Pradesh,
Kanpur, India

Sapna Juneja
Department of CSE (AI)
KIET Group of Institutions
Ghaziabad, India

Nidhi Sindhwani
Amity Institute of Information Technology
Amity University
Noida, India
Copyright © 2024 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved.

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 v

Contents

About the Book xix

About the Editors xxi
List of Contributors xxiii
Preface xxxiii

1 The Future of Business Management with the Power of Distributed

Systems and Computing 1
Venkateswararao Podile, Nitin Kulshrestha, Sushmita Goswami, Lavanya
Durga, B. Rachanasree, T. Pavan Reddy, and P. Shreya Sarojini
1.1 ­Introduction 1
1.1.1 Distributed Systems in Business Management 2
1.2 ­Understanding Distributed Systems and Computing 2
1.2.1 Definition of Distributed Systems and Computing 5
1.2.2 Advantages for Business Management 5
1.2.3 Characteristics of Distributed Systems and Computing for Business
Management 6
1.3 ­Applications of Distributed Systems and Computing in Business
Management 6
1.3.1 Inventory Management and Supply Chain Optimization 7
1.3.2 Customer Relationship Management 8
1.3.3 Financial Management and Accounting 9
1.3.4 Data Analytics and Decision-Making 10
1.3.5 Collaboration and Communication Within and Across
Organizations 10
1.4 ­Limitations of Distributed Systems in Business Management 11
1.4.1 Security and Privacy Concerns 12
1.4.2 Technical Issues and Maintenance 13
1.4.3 Organizational and Cultural Challenges 14
1.4.4 Legal and Regulatory Compliance 14
vi Contents

1.5 ­Future Developments and Opportunities 15

1.5.1 Potential Future Developments and their Implications for Business
Management 16
1.5.2 Opportunities for Research and Innovation in the Field 16
1.6 ­Conclusion 17
­References 18

2 Applications of Optimized Distributed Systems in Healthcare 21

Ayush Thakur, Suruchi Verma, Nidhi Sindhwani, and Rashmi Vashisth
2.1 ­Introduction 21
2.2 ­Literature Survey 23
2.2.1 Need for Optimization of Distributed Systems 24
2.2.2 Performance Optimization of Distributed Systems 25
2.2.3 Characteristics of Optimized Distributed Systems in Healthcare 27
2.2.4 Applications of Optimized Distributed Systems in Healthcare 28
2.2.5 Technologies Being Used in Healthcare 31
2.2.5.1 Spark 31
2.2.5.2 Hadoop 31
2.3 ­Real Cases 32
2.4 ­Conclusion 34
­References 35

3 The Impact of Distributed Computing on Data Analytics and Business

Insights 39
Haider Mehraj, Vinay K. Nassa, A.S.K. Reddy, K.V.D. Sagar, Dilip K. Sharma,
Shyamasundar Tripathy, and Franklin J. Selvaraj
3.1 ­Introduction 39
3.1.1 Role of Distributed Computing in Data Analytics 40
3.1.2 Importance of Business Insights in Decision-Making 40
3.1.3 Overview of Distributed Computing and Data Analytics 41
3.2 ­Distributed Computing and Data Analytics 41
3.2.1 Distributed Computing 42
3.2.2 Overview of Data Analytics 43
3.2.3 Distributed Computing in Data Analytics 44
3.3 ­Business Insights and Decision-Making 45
3.3.1 Definition of Business Insights 46
3.3.2 Importance of Business Insights in Decision-Making 46
3.3.3 Applications of Business Insights and their Impact 47
3.4 ­Challenges and Limitations 47
 Contents vii

3.5 ­ he Impact of Distributed Computing on Data Analytics 48

T
3.5.1 Distributed Computing in Improvising Data Analytics 49
3.6 ­Conclusion 50
­References 50

4 Machine Learning and Its Application in Educational Area 53

Abhinav Tripathi, Yashasvi Singh, Arti Sharma, Ajay Kumar Shrivastava, and
Saurabh Sharma
4.1 ­Introduction 53
4.2 ­Previous Work 54
4.3 ­Technique 54
4.3.1 Machine Learning 54
4.3.2 Supervised Learning 55
4.3.3 Unsupervised Learning 55
4.4 ­Analysis of Data 56
4.5 ­Educational Data Mining 56
4.6 ­Hadoop Approach 57
4.7 ­Artificial Neural Network (ANN) 58
4.8 ­Decision Tree 59
4.9 ­Results/Discussion 59
4.9.1 Personalized Learning Through Adaptive Learning 59
4.10 ­Increasing Efficiency Using Learning Analytics 60
4.11 ­Predictive Analysis for Better Assessment Evaluation 61
4.12 ­Future Scope 61
4.13 ­Conclusion 61
­References 62

5 Approaches and Methodologies for Distributed Systems: Threats,

Challenges, and Future Directions 67
Bhawna and Veena Parihar
5.1 ­Introduction 67
5.2 ­Distributed Systems 68
5.3 ­Literature Review 69
5.4 ­Threats to Distributed Systems Security 70
5.4.1 Hacking 70
5.4.2 Malware 70
5.4.3 Denial of Service (DoS) Attacks 71
5.4.4 Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks 71
5.4.5 Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) 71
viii Contents

5.4.6 Insider Threats 71

5.4.7 Phishing 71
5.4.8 Ransomware 71
5.5 ­Security Standards and Protocols 72
5.5.1 ISO/IEC 27001 72
5.5.2 NIST SP 800-53 72
5.5.3 SOC 2 72
5.5.4 PCI DSS 72
5.5.5 IEC 62443 73
5.5.6 OWASP 73
5.5.7 Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies
(COBIT) 73
5.6 ­Network Security 73
5.7 ­Access Control 74
5.7.1 Role-based Access Control (RBAC) 74
5.7.2 Discretionary Access Control (DAC) 74
5.7.3 Mandatory Access Control (MAC) 75
5.8 ­Authentication and Authorization 76
5.9 ­Privacy Concerns 78
5.10 ­Case Studies 79
5.10.1 Equifax Data Breach 79
5.10.2 Target Data Breach 79
5.10.3 WannaCry Ransomware Attack 79
5.11 ­Conclusion 80
5.12 ­Future Scope 81
­References 81

6 Efficient-driven Approaches Related to Meta-Heuristic Algorithms

using Machine Learning Techniques 85
Ashima Arya, Swasti Singhal, and Rashika Bangroo
6.1 ­Introduction 85
6.2 ­Stochastic Optimization 86
6.2.1 Genetic Algorithm 87
6.2.2 Particle Swarm Optimization 88
6.3 ­Heuristic Search 89
6.3.1 Heuristic Search Techniques 89
6.4 ­Meta-Heuristic 90
6.4.1 Structures of Meta-Heuristic 91
6.5 ­Machine Learning 94
6.5.1 Applications of Meta-Heuristic 98
­References 99
 Contents ix

7 Security and Privacy Issues in Distributed Healthcare Systems – A

Survey 103
Manish Bhardwaj, Samad Noeiaghdam, and Yu-Chen Hu
7.1 ­Introduction 103
7.1.1 Traditional Systems 105
7.1.2 Distributed Systems 106
7.2 ­Previous Study 106
7.2.1 Background and Definitions 108
7.3 ­Security and Privacy Needs 109
7.4 ­Security and Privacy Goals 111
7.5 ­Type of Attacks in Distributed Systems 114
7.5.1 Malicious Hardware 115
7.5.2 Malicious Programs 115
7.6 ­Recommendations and Future Approaches 116
7.7 ­Conclusion 117
­References 118

8 Implementation and Analysis of the Proposed Model

in a Distributed e-Healthcare System 123
Manish Bhardwaj, Sanjiv Sharma, and Amit K. Gupta
8.1 ­Introduction 123
8.2 ­Outmoded Systems 125
8.3 ­Distributed Systems 126
8.3.1 Peer-to-Peer Architecture 128
8.4 ­Previous Work 129
8.5 ­Service-Oriented Architecture of e-Healthcare 131
8.6 ­Implementation of the Proposed Model 133
8.6.1 Speech Software 134
8.7 ­Evaluation of the Proposed Model Performance 134
8.8 ­Conclusion and Future Work 135
­References 136

9 Leveraging Distributed Systems for Improved Educational

Planning and Resource Allocation 141
S. Durga, Priti Gupta, Latika Kharb, P.S. Ranjit, Venkata Harshavardhan
Reddy Dornadula, Kali Charan Modak, and Geetha Manoharan
9.1 ­Introduction 141
9.1.1 Overview of the Current State of Educational Planning and Resource
Allocation 142
9.1.2 The Potential Benefits of Leveraging Distributed Systems in
Education 143
x Contents

9.2 ­Theoretical Framework 144

9.2.1 Overview of Distributed Systems and their Key Concepts 145
9.2.2 Theoretical Basis for the Use of Distributed Systems in Education 146
9.2.3 Comparison of Different Distributed Systems Architectures 147
9.3 ­Distribution System in Education 148
9.4 ­Technical Aspects of Distributed Systems in Education 149
9.4.1 Infrastructure Requirements for Implementing Distributed Systems in
Education 150
9.4.2 Security and Privacy Concerns in Distributed Systems for
Education 151
9.4.3 Data Management and Analysis in Distributed Systems for
Education 152
9.5 ­Challenges and Limitations 153
9.5.1 Merits of Distributed Systems for Educational Planning and Resource
Allocation 154
9.5.2 Demerits of Distributed Systems for Educational Planning and
Resource Allocation 155
9.6 ­Discussion 155
9.7 ­Conclusion 156
­References 157

10 Advances in Education Policy Through the Integration of Distributed

Computing Approaches 161
W. Vinu, Luigi P.L. Cavaliere, K. Suresh Kumar, Y. Venkata Ramana, Kunjan
Shah, Kapil Joshi, and Nadanakumar Vinayagam
10.1 ­Introduction 161
10.1.1 Technology in Education Policy 162
10.1.2 Advances in Education Policy through Distributed Computing 163
10.2 ­Distributed Computing Approaches 164
10.2.1 Benefits of Education Policy 165
10.2.2 Types of Distributed Computing Approaches 166
10.3 ­Advances in Education Policy Through Distributed Computing
Approaches 167
10.3.1 Significant Impact on Education Policy 168
10.3.2 Improved Access 168
10.3.3 Personalized Learning 169
10.3.4 Data-Driven Decision-Making 170
10.4 ­Challenges: Privacy Concerns 171
10.4.1 Technical Requirements 172
10.4.2 Impact of Emerging Technologies and Use of Distributed
Computing 173
 Contents xi

10.5 ­ onclusion 174

C
­References 174

11 Revolutionizing Data Management and Security with the Power of

Blockchain and Distributed System 177
Radha R. Chandan, Fred Torres-Cruz, Ernesto N.T. Figueroa, Charles
I. Mendoza-Mollocondo, Dharini R. Sisodia, Tanweer Alam, and Mohit Tiwari
11.1 ­Introduction 177
11.1.1 Importance of Data Management and Security 178
11.1.2 Current State of Data Management and Security 178
11.2 ­Blockchain Technology 179
11.2.1 Benefits of Using Blockchain for Data Management and Security 180
11.2.2 Limitations of Using Blockchain for Data Management and
Security 181
11.3 ­Distributed System 182
11.3.1 Benefits of Using Distributed Systems for Data Management and
Security 182
11.3.2 Limitations of Using Distributed Systems for Data Management and
Security 183
11.4 ­Revolutionizing Data Management and Security with Blockchain
and Distributed Systems 184
11.4.1 Blockchain and Distributed Systems Can Revolutionize Data
Management and Security 184
11.4.2 Real-World Examples of Blockchain and Distributed Systems in Data
Management and Security 185
11.5 ­Challenges of Using Blockchain and Distributed Systems 186
11.5.1 Limitations of Using Blockchain and Distributed Systems 187
11.6 ­Discussion 187
11.7 ­Conclusion 188
­References 188

12 Enhancing Business Development, Ethics, and Governance with the

Adoption of Distributed Systems 193
Aarti Dawra, K.K. Ramachandran, Debasis Mohanty, Jitendra Gowrabhathini,
Brijesh Goswami, Dhyana S. Ross, and S. Mahabub Basha
12.1 ­Introduction 193
12.1.1 Distributed Systems for Business Development 194
12.2 ­Applications of Distributed Systems in Business Development 195
12.2.1 Characteristics of Distributed Systems 196
12.2.2 Benefits of Distributed Systems in Business Development 197
12.2.3 Applications in Business Development 198
xii Contents

12.3 ­ he Importance of Ethics in Distributed Systems 198

T
12.3.1 Ethics in Distributed Systems 199
12.3.2 Ethics to Business Development and Governance 200
12.3.3 Distributed Systems in Promoting Ethical Practices 201
12.4 ­Governance in Distributed Systems 201
12.4.1 Importance of Governance in Distributed Systems 203
12.4.2 The Benefits of Implementing Governance Mechanisms in Distributed
Systems 203
12.4.3 Examples of Governance Mechanisms in Distributed Systems 204
12.4.4 Limitations in Business and Governance 205
12.5 ­Conclusion 206
­References 206

13 Leveraging Distribution Systems for Advanced Fraud Detection and

Prevention in Finance 211
Venkateswararao Podile, Satish M. Dhoke, Shouvik K. Guha, Frakruddin
A. Ahmed, T.V.N.J.L. Haritha, V. Abhinav, and M. Anirudh
13.1 ­Introduction 211
13.1.1 Background on Fraud in Finance 212
13.1.2 Importance of Fraud Detection and Prevention 212
13.1.3 Distributed Systems and Their Potential for Fraud Detection and
Prevention 212
13.2 ­Benefits of Distributed Systems 213
13.2.1 Definition of Distributed Systems 213
13.2.2 Advantages of Distributed Systems 214
13.2.3 Types of Distributed Systems 215
13.3 ­Prevention Techniques 215
13.3.1 Rule-Based Systems 217
13.3.2 Machine Learning-Based Systems 217
13.3.3 Hybrid Systems 219
13.3.4 Limitations of Traditional Techniques 220
13.4 ­Leveraging Distributed Systems for Fraud Detection and
Prevention 220
13.4.1 Advantages of Distributed Systems for Fraud Detection and
Prevention 221
13.4.2 Applicability of Distributed Systems in Rule-Based Systems 221
13.4.3 Applicability of Distributed Systems in Machine Learning-Based
Systems 222
13.4.4 Applicability of Distributed Systems in Hybrid Systems 222
13.4.5 Challenges in Implementing Distributed Systems for Fraud Detection
and Prevention 223
 Contents xiii

13.5 ­Future Directions 223

13.5.1 Current Trends in Fraud Detection and Prevention 224
13.5.2 Future Directions for Leveraging Distributed Systems 224
13.6 ­Conclusion 225
­References 225

14 Advances in E-commerce Through the Integration of Distributed

Computing Approaches 229
Venkateswararao Podile, K. Suresh Kumar, Luigi P.L. Cavaliere,
Sri R.R. Annapureddy, Katakam V. Siva Praneeth, Kanamarlapudi
P.S. Sabareesh, and Devati B. Sambasiva Rao
14.1 ­Introduction 229
14.1.1 E-commerce and Its Growth 230
14.2 ­Distributed Computing Approaches for E-commerce 231
14.2.1 Types of Distributed Computing Approaches 231
14.2.2 Comparative Analysis of Distributed Computing Approaches 232
14.3 ­Integration of Distributed Computing Approaches in E-commerce 233
14.3.1 Benefits of Integrating Distributed Computing Approaches in
E-commerce 234
14.3.2 Challenges in Integrating Distributed Computing Approaches in
E-commerce 235
14.4 ­Advancements in E-commerce Through the Integration of Distributed
Computing Approaches 236
14.4.1 Improved Scalability and Flexibility 236
14.4.2 Enhanced Performance and Efficiency 237
14.4.3 Enhanced Security and Privacy 238
14.4.4 Enhanced Customer Experience 239
14.4.5 Cost Savings and Reduced Operational Complexity 239
14.5 ­Future Trends in the Integration of Distributed Computing Approaches
in E-commerce 240
14.6 ­Conclusion 241
­References 242

15 The Impact of Distributed Computing on Online Shopping and

Consumer Experience 245
K. Suresh Kumar, Luigi P.L. Cavaliere, Mano A. Tripathi, T.S. Rajeswari,
S.S.C. Mary, G.H.A. Vethamanikam, and Nadanakumar Vinayagam
15.1 ­Introduction 245
15.1.1 The Growing Trend of Online Shopping and the Importance of
Consumer Experience 246
15.1.2 Distributed Computing in Online Shopping Applications 247
xiv Contents

15.2 ­ enefits of Distributed Computing for Online Shopping 248

B
15.2.1 Distributed Computing for Improvising Online Shopping
Experiences 249
15.2.2 Impact of Distributed Computing on Consumer Experience 250
15.3 ­Limitations of Distributed Computing in Online Shopping 251
15.3.1 Technical Challenges 251
15.3.2 Limitations of Distributed Computing in Improving All Aspects of
Consumer Experience 253
15.3.3 Potential Drawbacks of Relying Heavily on Distributed Computing in
Online Shopping 253
15.4 ­Impact of Distributed Computing on Online Shopping Trends 254
15.4.1 Distributed Computing in Improvising Consumer Expectations 255
15.5 ­Ethical Implications of Distributed Computing in Online
Shopping 256
15.6 ­Conclusion 257
­References 257

16 Wireless Sensor-based IoT System with Distributed Optimization for

Healthcare 261
Rohit Anand, Digvijay Pandey, Deena N. Gupta, M.K. Dharani,
Nidhi Sindhwani, and J.V.N. Ramesh
16.1 ­Introduction 261
16.1.1 Wireless Sensor 261
16.1.2 Achieve Seamless Sensor-to-Cloud Solutions for a Range of
Applications 261
16.1.3 Some Examples of Wireless Sensors 262
16.1.4 The Different Types of Wireless Network Topologies 264
16.1.5 Traditional Wireless Sensor Protocols 265
16.1.6 LPWAN Standards for Wireless Sensors 266
16.1.7 Wireless Sensor Technology Fits into the IoT 267
16.1.8 Healthcare Monitoring Devices 269
16.1.9 Security Matters for IoT in Healthcare 273
16.1.10 Role of WSN in Healthcare 273
16.1.11 Role of Distributed Optimization for Healthcare 274
16.2 ­Literature Review 274
16.3 ­Challenges Faced by Existing Research 278
16.4 ­Proposed Research Methodology 278
16.5 ­Simulation of Research 279
16.5.1 Comparative Analysis of Energy Efficiency 279
16.5.2 Comparative Analysis of Delay 279
16.5.3 Comparative Analysis of Call Drop 281
 Contents xv

16.5.4 Comparative Analysis of Throughput 282

16.6 ­Conclusion 283
16.7 ­Future Scope 283
­References 284

17 Optimizing Financial Transactions and Processes Through the Power of

Distributed Systems 289
K. Bhavana Raj, Kamakshi Mehta, Someshwar Siddi,
M.K. Sharma, Dilip K. Sharma, Sunil Adhav, and José L.A. Gonzáles
17.1 ­Introduction 289
17.1.1 Importance of Distributed Systems 290
17.2 ­Overview of Financial Transactions and Processes 290
17.2.1 Definition of Financial Transactions and Processes 291
17.2.2 Challenges Faced in Financial Transactions and Processes 291
17.3 Distributed Systems in Finance 292
17.3.1 Benefits 294
17.3.2 Types of Distributed Systems Used in Finance 295
17.4 Blockchain Technology and Finance 295
17.4.1 Applications of Blockchain Technology in Finance 296
17.4.2 Benefits of Blockchain Technology for Financial Transactions and
Processes 297
17.5 ­Smart Contracts 297
17.5.1 Role of Supply Chain in Financial Transactions and Processes 298
17.5.2 Applicability of Supply Chain in Finance 299
17.6 ­Conclusion 299
­References 300

18 Leveraging Distributed Systems for Improved Market Intelligence and

Customer Segmentation 305
Luigi P.L. Cavaliere, K. Suresh Kumar, Dilip K. Sharma, Himanshu Sharma,
Sujay M. Jayadeva, Makarand Upadhyaya, and Nadanakumar Vinayagam
18.1 ­Introduction 305
18.1.1 Overview of Distributed Systems 306
18.1.2 Market Intelligence and Customer Segmentation 307
18.1.3 Importance of Leveraging Desford to Improve Market Intelligence and
Customer Segmentation 308
18.2 Distributed Systems for Customer Segmentation 309
18.3 Distributed Systems for Market Intelligence 310
18.3.1 Distributed Systems for Improvisation in Market Intelligence 310
18.3.2 Advantages of Distribution System in Market Intelligence 311
18.3.3 Disadvantages of Distribution System in Market Intelligence 311
xvi Contents

18.4 Distributed Systems for Customer Segmentation 311

18.5 ­Challenges in Integrating Distribution System in Market
Intelligence 312
18.5.1 Future Directions for Research and Development in This Area 313
18.6 ­Conclusion 316
­References 317

19 The Future of Financial Crime Prevention and Cybersecurity with

Distributed Systems and Computing Approaches 321
Veer B.P. Singh, Pratibha Singh, Shouvik K. Guha, Asif I. Shah, Abdullah
Samdani, M.Z.M. Nomani, and Mohit Tiwari
19.1 ­Introduction 321
19.1.1 Background on Financial Crime Prevention and Cybersecurity 322
19.1.2 Overview of Distributed Systems and Computing Approaches 323
19.2 ­Distributed Systems and Computing Approaches for Financial Crime
Prevention and Cybersecurity 326
19.2.1 Blockchain Technology and Its Applications in Financial Crime
Prevention and Cybersecurity 327
19.2.2 Distributed Ledgers and Their Role in Preventing Financial
Crimes 328
19.2.3 Distributed Computing Approaches for Cybersecurity 329
19.3 ­Challenges and Opportunities in Implementing Distributed Systems
and Computing Approaches 330
19.3.1 Regulatory and Compliance Issues 331
19.3.2 Interoperability and Standardization Challenges 332
19.3.3 Integration with Existing Systems and Infrastructure 333
19.3.4 Opportunities for Innovation and Efficiency 334
19.4 ­Benefits of Distributed Systems in Financial Crime Prevention 335
19.5 ­Limitations of Distributed Systems in Financial Crime Prevention 335
19.6 ­Conclusion 336
­References 337

20 Innovations in Distributed Computing for Enhanced Risk Management

in Finance 341
Venkateswararao Podile, Syed M. Faisal, Gangu N. Mandala, Shaik Altaf ,
Nayana Harshitha, Cheedella A.S. Lakshmi, and Chunduru R. Chandan
20.1 ­Introduction 341
20.1.1 Distributed Computing vs Traditional Risk Management 342
20.2 ­Theoretical Framework 343
20.2.1 Overview of Distributed Computing 344
20.2.2 Types of Distributed Computing Technologies for Finance Risk
Management 344
 Contents xvii

20.3 ­ omparison of Distributed Computing Approaches for Finance Risk

C
Management 345
20.4 ­Innovations in Distributed Computing for Enhanced Risk Management
in Finance 345
20.4.1 New Distributed Computing Techniques for Finance Risk
Management 347
20.4.2 Emerging Trends in Distributed Computing for Finance Risk
Management 347
20.5 ­Challenges and Limitations of Distributed Computing for Finance Risk
Management 348
20.5.1 Technical Challenges in Implementing Distributed Computing for
Finance Risk Management 349
20.5.2 Limitations of Distributed Computing for Finance Risk
Management 350
20.6 ­Future Directions 350
20.6.1 Selection of Distributed Computing Approach 351
20.6.2 Guidelines for Implementing Distributed Computing for Finance Risk
Management 352
20.7 ­Conclusion 353
­References 354

21 Leveraging Blockchain and Distributed Systems for Improved Supply

Chain Traceability and Transparency 359
Luigi P.L. Cavaliere, S. Silas Sargunam, Dilip K. Sharma,
Y. Venkata Ramana, K.K. Ramachandran, Umakant B. Gohatre, and
Nadanakumar Vinayagam
21.1 ­Introduction 359
21.1.1 Supply Chain Traceability and Transparency 360
21.1.2 Challenges in Achieving Traceability and Transparency in Traditional
Supply Chain Systems 361
21.1.3 Potential Benefits of Leveraging Blockchain and Distributed Systems in
Supply Chain 361
21.2 ­Overview of Blockchain and Distributed Systems 362
21.2.1 Fundamental Concepts of Blockchain Technology 363
21.2.2 Characteristics and Benefits of Distributed Systems 363
21.2.3 How Blockchain and Distributed Systems Can Enhance Supply Chain
Traceability and Transparency 365
21.3 ­Applications of Blockchain and Distributed Systems in Supply
Chain 365
21.3.1 Tracking and Tracing Goods and Raw Materials 365
21.3.2 Ensuring Product Authenticity and Preventing Counterfeit 366
21.3.3 Enhancing Visibility and Accountability in Supply Chain 366
xviii Contents

21.3.4 Enabling Secure and Efficient Data Sharing Among Supply Chain
Participants 367
21.4 ­Benefits and Limitations of Blockchain and Distributed Systems in
Supply Chain 368
21.4.1 Potential Advancements and Innovations in Blockchain and
Distributed Systems for Supply Chain 369
21.4.2 Implications for Supply Chain Stakeholders and Society 370
21.5 ­Conclusion 371
­References 371

22 Advances in Resource Management Through the Integration of

Distributed Computing Approaches 375
K. Jayalakshmamma Veena P. Vemuri, Elena Y. Zegarra,
Jitendra Gowrabhathini, Fred Torres-Cruz, Julio C.L. Huanca, and José
L.A. Gonzáles
2­ 2.1 Introduction 375
22.1.1 Definition of Resource Management 376
22.1.2 Overview of Distributed Computing Approaches 376
22.1.3 Significance 377
­22.2 Distributed Computing Approaches for Resource Management 377
22.2.1 Grid Computing 378
22.2.2 Applications in Resource Management 379
22.2.3 Cloud Computing 379
22.2.4 Edge Computing 380
­22.3 Integration of Distributed Computing Approaches for Resource
Management 381
22.3.1 Advantages Distributed Computing Approaches for Resource
Management 382
22.3.2 Challenges of Distributed Computing Approaches for Resource
Management 382
22.3.3 Techniques for Integrating Distributed Computing 383
2­ 2.4 Future Directions and Research Challenges 384
22.4.1 Emerging Trends 385
22.4.2 Limitations in Integration of Distributed Computing Approaches for
Resource Management 387
2­ 2.5 Discussion 388
­22.6 Conclusion 389
­References 390

Index 395
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