Cordova training - Day 2 Introduction to CSS 3

CORDOVA TRAINING
SESSION: 2 – INTRODUCTION TO CSS 3

INTRODUCTION TO CSS 3
 CSS is used to control the style of a web document in a simple and easy way.
 CSS is the acronym for "Cascading Style Sheet".
 Cascading Style Sheets, fondly referred to as CSS, is a simple design language intended to
simplify the process of making web pages presentable.
 CSS handles the look and feel part of a web page.
 Using CSS, you can control the color of the text, the style of fonts, the spacing between
paragraphs, how columns are sized and laid out, what background images or colors are used,
layout design, variations in display for different devices and screen sizes as well as a variety of
other effects.

ADVANTAGES OF CSS
 Advantages of CSS:
 CSS saves time - You can write CSS once and then reuse same sheet in multiple HTML pages.
 Pages load faster - If you are using CSS, you do not need to write HTML tag attributes every time. Just
write one CSS rule of a tag and apply it to all the occurrences of that tag. So less code means faster
download times.
 Easy maintenance - To make a global change, simply change the style, and all elements in all the web
pages will be updated automatically.
 Offline Browsing - The cache also ensures faster loading and better overall performance of the website.

CSS MODULES
 Selectors
 Box Model
 Backgrounds and Borders
 Image Values and Replaced Content
 Text Effects
 2D/3D Transformations
 Animations
 Multiple Column Layout
 User Interface

CSS SYNTAX
 A CSS comprises of style rules that are interpreted by the browser and then applied to the
corresponding elements in your document.
 A style rule is made of three parts:
 Selector - A selector is an HTML tag at which a style will be applied
 Property - A property is a type of attribute of HTML tag
 Value - Values are assigned to properties
 You can put the rule as:
 selector { property: value }

TYPES OF SELECTORS
 We can define selectors in various simple ways. They are:
 Type selectors
 Universal Selectors
 Descendant Selectors
 Class Selectors
 ID Selectors
 Child Selectors
 Attribute Selectors

TYPES OF SELECTORS
 We can define selectors in various simple ways. They are:
 Type selectors
 div, p, h1
 Universal Selectors
 *
 Descendant Selectors
 ul em

TYPES OF SELECTORS
 Class Selectors
 .black
 ID Selectors
 #black
 Child Selectors
 body > p
 Attribute Selectors
 input[type = "text"]

MULTIPLE STYLE RULES
 You may need to define multiple style rules for a single element. You can define these rules to combine
multiple properties and corresponding values into a single block. All the property and value pairs are
separated by a semi colon. You can keep them in a single line or multiple lines. For better readability
we keep them into separate lines.
 Example:
h1 {
color: #36C;
font-weight: normal;
margin-bottom: 1em;
text-transform: lowercase;
}

ADDING CSS TO A PAGE
 There are four ways to associate styles with your HTML document. Most commonly used
methods are inline CSS and External CSS.
 Embedded CSS - The <style> Element
 Inline CSS - The style Attribute
 External CSS - The <link> Element
 Imported CSS - @import Rule

CSS RULES OVERRIDING
 We have discussed four ways to include style sheet rules in a an HTML document. Here is the rule
to override any Style Sheet Rule.
 Inline style sheet takes highest priority
 Any rule defined in <style></style> tags will override rules defined in any external style sheet file
 Any rule defined in external style sheet file takes lowest priority

CSS COMMENTS
 You can use /* ....*/ to comment multi-line blocks in similar way you do in C and C++
programming languages.

CSS MEASUREMENT UNITS
 CSS supports a number of measurements including absolute units such as inches, centimeters,
points, and so on, as well as relative measures such as percentages and em units. The most
commonly used one’s are:
 %
 mm
 cm
 px
 em
 pt

CSS COLORS
 CSS uses color values to specify a color. Typically, these are used to set a color either for the
foreground of an element (i.e., its text) or else for the background of the element. They can also
be used to affect the color of borders.
 You can specify your color values in various formats:
 HEX code - #RRGGBB
 Short HEX code - #RGB
 RGB % - rgb(rr%, gg%, bb%)
 RGB Absolute – rgb(r,g,b)
 Color value – red, green, blue etc.

CSS BACKGROUNDS
 Using CSS, you can set the following background properties of an element.
 background-color
 background-image
 background-repeat
 background-position
 background-attachment
 background

CSS FONTS
 Using CSS, You can set following font properties of an element.
 font-family
 font-style
 font-weight
 font-size
 font

CSS TEXT
 Using CSS, you can manipulate the text related properties of an element.
 color
 direction
 letter-spacing
 word-spacing
 text-indent
 text-align

CSS IMAGES
 Images play an important role in any webpage. Though it is not recommended to include a lot of
images, but it is still important to use good images wherever required.
 CSS plays a good role to control image display. You can set the following image properties using
CSS.
 border
 height
 width

CSS BORDERS
 The border properties allow you to specify how the border of the box representing an element
should look. There are three properties of a border you can change:
 border-color
 border-style
 border-width

CSS MARGINS
 The margin property defines the space around an HTML element. It is possible to use negative
values to overlap content. We have the following properties to set an element margin:
 margin
 margin-left|right|top|bottom

CSS PADDINGS
 The padding property allows you to specify how much space should appear between the content
of an element and its border. We can also set different values for the padding on each side of the
box using the following properties
 padding
 padding-left|right|top|bottom

CSS DIMENSIONS
 You have seen the border that surrounds every box ie. element, the padding that can appear
inside each box and the margin that can go around them. In this slide, we will learn how we can
change the dimensions of boxes.
 height, min-height, max-height
 width, min-width, max-width
 line-height

CSS SCROLL BARS
 There may be a case when an element's content might be larger than the amount of space
allocated to it. CSS provides a property called overflow which tells the browser what to do if the
box's contents is larger than the box itself. This property can take one of the following values:
 visible
 hidden
 scroll
 auto

CSS VISIBILITY
 A property called visibility allows you to hide an element from view. You can use this property
along with JavaScript to create very complex menu and very complex webpage layouts.
 The visibility property can take the values listed below:
 visible
 hidden

CSS POSITIONING
 CSS helps you to position your HTML element. You can put any HTML element at whatever
location you like. You can specify whether you want the element positioned relative to its natural
position in the page or absolute based on its parent element.
 The positioning can take the values listed below:
 Relative
 Absolute
 Fixed

Cordova training - Day 2 Introduction to CSS 3

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Cordova training - Day 2 Introduction to CSS 3