Let’s begin with the obvious:
The Situation Today
1. The internet and digital technologies
enable greater distribution and
reuse of research
2. Most publicly funded research cannot
be accessed and reused by the
public
3. Libraries are struggling. From 19862007, subscription charges
increased by 340%, four times the
rate of inflation
4. Higher education is struggling to
make the case for more public
funding
5. Open Access has emerged as the
most realistic way to justify public
expenditure on research
Open Access policies from public
funding bodies in all major Englishspeaking countries + EU
(but not New Zealand, yet)
Kiwi Open Access Logo by the
University of Auckland,
Libraries and Learning
Services is licensed under a
Creative Commons Attribution
3.0 Unported License.
OK, but what does ‘open’
even mean?
1.Access:
2. Technical:
3. Copyright:
1.Access: Green and Gold
2. Technical: Open Formats
3. Copyright: Open Licensing
1.Access
1.Access
Green: Deposit post-print,
peer-reviewed article in an
institutional or disciplinary
repository
1.Access
Green: Deposit post-print,
peer-reviewed article in an
institutional or disciplinary
repository
Gold: Article is made freely
available by publisher
(sometimes after APC
charge)
2. Technical
2. Technical
Use of open formats, to allow
others to share, adapt and
reuse research (including
data)
3. Copyright
3. Copyright
Use of open licensing, to allow
others to share, adapt and
reuse research (including
data)
OK, but why isn’t access
enough?
All Rights Reserved copyright
What many common
restrictsis Copyright? &
essential uses of research
Distribution to students, colleagues,
journalists, businesses.

What is Copyright?
Distribution to students, colleagues,
journalists, businesses.
Reuse by other researchers,
What is Copyright?
bloggers, journalists, publishers.
Distribution to students, colleagues,
journalists, businesses.
Reuse by other researchers,
What is Copyright?
bloggers, journalists, publishers.
Republication to new audiences
Distribution to students, colleagues,
journalists, businesses.
Reuse by other researchers,
What is Copyright?
bloggers, journalists, publishers.
Republication to new audiences
Translation to other languages
Also, without open licensing, your
(publicly funded) work may not enter the
commons for over 100 years (...)
…which makes life very hard for

libraries and archives who want to give
your work a second life.
Exhibit A:
Exhibit B:

Heald, Paul J., How Copyright Makes Books and Music Disappear (and How Secondary Liability Rules
Help Resurrect Old Songs) (July 5, 2013). Illinois Program in Law, Behavior and Social Science Paper
No. LBSS14-07; Illinois Public Law Research Paper No. 13-54. Available at SSRN:
http://ssrn.com/abstract=2290181 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2290181
Also, on what principle do you
prevent reuse of publicly
funded research?
But wait, what’s an ‘open
licence’ anyway?
Pragmatic solution
Creators retain copyright
Permission in advance
Public Domain
Few Restrictions
Public Domain
Few Restrictions

All Rights Reserved
Few Freedoms
Public Domain
Few Restrictions

Some Rights Reserved
Range of Licence Options

All Rights Reserved
Few Freedoms
Four Licence Elements
Attribution
Non Commercial
No Derivatives
Share Alike
Six Licences
More free

More restrictive
More free

More restrictive
More free

More restrictive
More free

More restrictive
More free

More restrictive
More free

More restrictive
More free

More restrictive
More free

More restrictive
Go to creativecommons.org/choose
CC Kiwi by Creative Commons Aotearoa New Zealand is made
available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand
Licence.
The Remix Kiwi by CCANZ is based on a work by Creative Commons
Aotearoa New Zealand [LINK], which is made available under a
Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.
Layers
Lawyer readable
Human readable
Licence symboll
More than 700 million works
General:
search.creativecommons.org

New Zealand:
digitalnz.org
NZGOAL (2010)
Government guidance, approved by
Cabinet
Declaration on Open and Transparent
Government (2011)
QUESTIONS?

www.creativecommons.org.nz
@cc_Aotearoa
admin@creativecommons.org.nz
facebook.com/creativecommonsnz
This work is made available under a Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 New Zealand Licence.

Creative Commons Aotearoa NZ Open Access Week 2013