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Occupy the commons - by James Quilligan
- 1. Occupy the Commons James B. Quilligan
- 2. Garrett Hardin • Apasture is shared by herders • No herder has an incentive to limit the number of cattle put into the pasture • Pasture will be overgrazed and destroyed
- 3. Tragedy of the Commons Private Sector Government Failed Commons
- 4. Open Access Common PoolResources - unorganized, unclaimed resources Open Source Commons - organized through informal practices, norms and rules
- 5. Commons Inherited or created gifts that we organize, use and steward during our lifetimes through informal practices and rules which we pass on to future generations
- 6. Modes of Commons •Traditional - seas, rivers, land, forests, atmosphere, arts, indigenous communities • Emerging - solar energy, internet, social networks, intellectual property
- 7. Key Elements •Resources • Community • Boundaries • Rules • Value
- 8. Resources Depletable Replenishable material, natural, genetic social, cultural, intellectual, solar, digital, natural, genetic
- 9. Community • Producers • Managers • Providers • Users
- 10. Boundaries • Extent ofthe Resource • Community Membership
- 11. Rules • Preservation • Access •Use • Governance • Production
- 12. Value • Arises fromthe gifts of nature • The capacities and cultures of past generations • The collective capacities of people today
- 13. Karl Polanyi Society-centered markets Market-centered societies Rural households Urban markets Matriarchal Patriarchal Credit-based Debt-based
- 14. How Did WeLose The Commons? • Inalienable rights eroded • Commodification • Enclosure of property • Division of labor • Universal standard of value • Private and public goods
- 15. Duopoly Market State
- 16. Liberal Capitalism Market State freedom equality Distorted through capital accumulation enforced private property economic & social inequality sovereign boundaries interest-bearing money state coercion
- 17. Modern Society Market State less government more government economic freedom social equality (people & their common resources taken for granted)
- 18. Third Sector? Market State Civil Society
- 19. Civil Society • A genuine voice of public opinion, but ... • Endorses private ownership models • Doesn’t involve resource users in production
- 20. Commons Groups of peopleproduce and organize their own resources and create value through their practices, norms and rules
- 21. Devolves Power to LocalCommunities • Pluralism • Subisdiarity • Polycentrism • Checks & Balances • Horizontal Democracy
- 22. Ends the Division of Labor Private Producers Govt Producers & Managers & Managers Workers/Users/Consumers become producers of their own resources
- 23. Restores Democratic Decision-Making • Co-Governance • Co-Production • Social Charters • Commons Trusts
- 24. Creates Trusts • Marx: Ownership of the means of production • Commoners: Production of the means of non-ownership, i.e. trusts
- 25. Transforms Property Private Ownership State Ownership Commons Trusteeship Cooperative associations distribute decision-making and productive power among resource users, workers and producers
- 26.
- 27. Recovers the Vision of Democracy Market State spontaneous, rule-based self-organizing society system Commons self-organizing communities produce and manage their own resources through informal practices, norms and rules
- 28. Creates LivingDemocracies Market State freedom equality Commons people participate actively in their own culture resource users become producers of their own resources ownership > trusteeship
- 29. Enclosure Movement Liberal Capitalism 15th C - Today Government and market enclosures remove people from the sources of their living wealth and sustenance
- 30. Nonclosure Movement Occupy the Commons • Governments and markets are not the solution to failed commons, but the cause of their overuse and deterioration • Roll back enclosures that deny the rights of people to their means of survival, livelihood and well-being • ... and do not promote life, human dignity, security and peace
- 31. Occupy all Commons • Social • Cultural • Intellectual • Digital • Solar • Natural • Genetic • Material
- 33. Why Occupy? • Financial system > • Monetary system > • Ecological and energy crises > • Low-carbon production and trade > • Redefine the boundaries of resource domains
- 34. Occupy the Commons •Transform the economy and government into component parts of the biosphere > • Redefine the boundaries of resource domains > • Occupy the commons ...