Uploaded byAnmol Singh
Slit lamp parts 2/ppt/notes/download.pdf
A slit lamp is a binocular stereoscopic microscope combined with a high-intensity adjustable light source that projects a thin beam (slit) of light into the eye. It allows detailed examination of the anterior segment of the eye under magnification and illumination. It is one of the most essential diagnostic instruments in ophthalmology and optometry clinics. --- Parts of the Slit Lamp 1. Base Unit – Provides smooth movement in all directions. It contains the joystick for vertical and horizontal adjustments. 2. Illumination System – Includes a bright halogen or LED light source, adjustable slit width (0–14 mm), slit height, filters, and diaphragms. 3. Magnification System (Microscope) – A binocular microscope with variable magnification (usually 6x–40x). It provides a stereoscopic (3D) view of ocular structures. 4. Observation System – Consists of eyepieces, prism, and objective lens allowing clear viewing and focusing. 5. Chin Rest and Headrest – Helps in stabilizing the patient’s head during examination. 6. Joystick and Control Knobs – For precise control of the slit beam position and focus. --- Principle The slit lamp works on the principle of slit illumination and stereoscopic viewing. A narrow slit beam of light is directed obliquely into the eye. When this light passes through transparent ocular structures, it forms optical sections, allowing visualization of each layer in cross-section — like the cornea, anterior chamber, lens, etc. --- Illumination Techniques 1. Diffuse illumination – For overall view of anterior eye. 2. Direct focal illumination – For detailed layer-by-layer study (e.g., cornea). 3. Indirect illumination – For examining transparent or faint lesions. 4. Specular reflection – To study corneal endothelium. 5. Retroillumination – From iris or fundus reflection to highlight opacities. 6. Sclerotic scatter – For detecting corneal edema or foreign body. --- Uses of Slit Lamp Examination of eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber, iris, lens, and anterior vitreous. To measure anterior chamber depth. Contact lens fitting and evaluation. Used in tonometry, gonioscopy, fundus examination (with auxiliary lenses). Detection of ocular diseases like cataract, keratitis, uveitis, corneal ulcer, and foreign bodies. For post-operative and follow-up evaluation. --- Advantages Provides magnified 3D view of ocular structures. Enables precise localization of lesions. Allows photography or video recording with digital attachment. Useful for both diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. --- Disadvantages Limited field of view. Requires patient cooperation. High-intensity light may cause discomfort. Not suitable for posterior segment without additional lenses. --- Conclusion The slit lamp is a fundamental instrument in optometry and ophthalmology for detailed anterior segment evaluation. Its combination of magnification, illumination, and binocular vision provides an accurate
More Related Content
Similar to Slit lamp parts 2/ppt/notes/download.pdf
Slit lamp parts 2/ppt/notes/download.pdf
- 1. Slit lamp Biomicroscopy:- Presented By:-AnmolSingh Boptom 2k24 UPUMS SAIFAI ETAWAH Part :- 02
- 2. Types of SlitLamp :- 1. Zeiss Type (Parallel Viewing) ● Both illumination and observation systems move independently. 2. Haag-Streit Type (Fixed Illumination, Movable Microscope) ● Most commonly used design in clinics. Allows variable angle of illumination from 0°–90°.
- 3. 1. Zeiss Type(Parallel Viewing)
- 4.
- 5. Magnification and Filters:- (A)Magnification ● Varies by changing eyepieces or drum selector: ● Low (6×–10×): For general scanning. ● Medium (16×): For cornea and lens. ● High (25×–40×): For detailed corneal layers and cells.
- 6. (B) Filters 1. CobaltBlue Filter: Used for fluorescein staining (e.g., corneal abrasions, tear film break-up time). 2. Red-Free (Green) Filter: Enhances visibility of blood vessels and nerve fibers. 3. Neutral Density Filter: Reduces brightness for patient comfort. 4. Diffuser Filter: For general illumination and eyelid/conjunctiva view. 5. Yellow Barrier Filter: Increases contrast during fluorescein staining.
- 7. Preparation for Examination:- 1.Seat the patient comfortably. 2. Adjust chin rest and forehead band. 3. Ensure room illumination is dim for better contrast. 4. Examiner’s eye level should match the patient’s. 5. Clean lenses and ensure filters and slits are functioning. 6. Explain the procedure to the patient.
- 8. Technique of Examination: (Step-by-Step) 1.Begin with low magnification and wide beam for general survey. 2. Then, reduce slit width and increase magnification for detailed observation.
- 9. 3. Examine systematically: ●Eyelids and lashes ● Conjunctiva and sclera ● Cornea (epithelium, stroma, endothelium) ● Anterior chamber ● Iris and pupil ● Lens ● (Optional) Anterior vitreous 4. Move from superficial to deeper structures.
- 10. Methods of Illumination:- Illuminationis the heart of slit lamp examination. Each method reveals specific details: (A) Diffuse Illumination:- ● Broad beam with diffuser filter. ● Used for overview of external structures like lids, conjunctiva, and cornea.
- 12. (B) Direct FocalIllumination:- ● Beam and microscope focused on same point. ● Used to study corneal layers (epithelium, stroma, endothelium). ● Types: ● Optical Section: Very narrow slit → for assessing depth and transparency. ● Parallelepiped Beam: Slightly wider beam → highlights surface and texture.
- 15. (C) Specular Reflection ●The light beam is directed at equal angle to that of observation. ● ● Produces mirror-like reflection from smooth surfaces such as corneal endothelium and tear film.
- 17. (D) Retro-Illumination:- ● Lightreflected from the iris or fundus illuminates the structure from behind. ● Useful to detect opacities, keratic precipitates, or lens changes.
- 22. (E) Indirect Illumination:- ●Observation is made adjacent to the illuminated area. ● Helps in detecting microcysts, infiltrates, or foreign bodies.
- 23. (F) Sclerotic Scatter:- ●The slit beam is directed at temporal limbus, and light scatters within the cornea. ● Any opacity or edema becomes visible due to scattered light.
- 26. Structures Examined:- 1. Eyelids& Lashes – Position, inflammation, meibomian gland openings. 2. Conjunctiva & Sclera – Redness, discharge, follicles, papillae. 3. Cornea – Clarity, epithelial defects, edema, infiltrates. 4. Anterior Chamber – Depth, cells, flare, hypopyon, hyphema. 5. Iris – Texture, color, neovascularization, synechiae. 6. Pupil – Shape, reaction to light, size abnormalities. 7. Lens – Transparency, opacities, position (for cataract detection). 8. Anterior Vitreous – Floaters, hemorrhage, cells.
- 27. Clinical Applications:- ● Diagnosisof anterior segment diseases: conjunctivitis, keratitis, uveitis. ● Contact lens fitting & evaluation. ● Measurement of anterior chamber depth before tonometry or surgery. ● Detection of corneal foreign bodies or abrasions. ● Assessment of cataract and lens opacities. ● Pre- and post-operative examination (especially in cataract and LASIK). ● Observation of ocular surface and tear film stability.
- 28. Special Attachments:- ● ApplanationTonometer (Goldmann): For intraocular pressure measurement. ● Fundus Lens (Volk/90D/78D): To visualize posterior segment. ● Camera Attachment: For anterior segment photography. ● Fluorescein and Specular Microscopy Modules.
- 29. Advantages:- ● Provides 3Dstereoscopic view. ● Enables layer-by-layer analysis of transparent media. ● High magnification and contrast for micro-level evaluation. ● Can be combined with diagnostic attachments (tonometry, gonioscopy, etc.).
- 30. Limitations:- ● Limited visualizationof posterior segment. ● Requires patient cooperation. ● Bright light may cause discomfort. ● Expensive and not portable compared to handheld devices.
- 31. Precautions:- ● Clean lensesand chin rest regularly. ● Avoid high illumination for prolonged duration. ● Proper disinfection to prevent cross-infection. ● Recheck alignment and calibration periodically.
- 33. Scan this QRfor more ppt and notes:- And join our channel:-