Up to Speed on HTML 5 and CSS 3

UP TO SPEED ON
HTML 5 & CSS 3 </TITLE>

REFRESH DC | M. JACKSON WILKINSON & JASON GARBER | JULY 16, 2009
Sunday, July 19, 2009

THE INTRO


That’s
“Michael”

M. JACKSON WILKINSON
Your Humble Refresh DC Organizer


JASON GARBER
Refresh DC Organizer Emeritus


A Very Brief History of

WEB STANDARDS


XHTML 1 CSS 2.1
Content Presentation

2001-2006

WHAT WG
Web Hypertext Application
Technology Working Group

2004-2007

W3C
World Wide Web
Consortium

2007 - PRESENT

HTML 5 CSS 3
Content Presentation

2007 - PRESENT

The Content Layer:

HTML 5


NEW ELEMENTS


structural elements
Provides new semantic vocabulary HEADER
for parts of a page previously
NAV
served by DIVs with ID and Class
attributes.
ARTICLE
IE requires some workarounds ASIDE
using JavaScript to make these
elements work. SECTION

FOOTER

structural elements Browser Support:

figure
Allows for associating captions FIGURE
with embedded content, including
videos, audio, pullquotes, or
images.
CONTENT (IMG, Q, VIDEO, ETC.)

LEGEND

figure Browser Support:

audio & video
Allows for associating captions <video src="test.ogg" autoplay="autoplay"
controls="controls">
with embedded content, including Your browser does not support the video
videos, audio, or images. element. This could also include object and
embed codes for legacy browsers.
</video>
Opera, Chrome, and Firefox all
support the Ogg Theora video
format natively, while Safari and
Chrome support H.264.

audio & video Browser Support:

OTHER ELEMENTS
METER Contained content is a measurement, like length.

PROGRESS Contains current process toward a goal, like a percentage.

TIME Time

COMMAND Represents something a command a user may execute.

DATAGRID Represents data. Non-tabular or otherwise.

OUTPUT Displays the output of a program or process.

RUBY Allows input of rubi/ruby annotations for Asian languages.


NEW FORM
CONTROLS


FORM CONTROLS
DATETIME Allows input of a date and a time.

DATETIME-LOCAL Allows input of a date and a time, in local time.

NUMBER Allows input of a number.

RANGE Input is verified to be within a range.

EMAIL Confirms the input to be a valid email.

URL Ensures input is a valid URL.

COLOR Provides a mechanism for the user to input an RGB color.


DOC STRUCTURE


HTML 5 doctype
<!DOCTYPE html>
The HTML 5 doctype is way
easier than any other doctype.
Evar.

Just type the parts you remember,
and you’ll probably be right.

HTML 5 doctype Browser Support:

HTML5 & XHTML5
<html>
HTML 5 supports the standard
HTML syntax (formerly SGML),
but also allows for an XML-based
variant XHTML5.

Since it’s XML, XHTML should
vs.
be served as application/xml or
application/xhtml+xml. Warning: <html xmlns="http://
this means browsers freak if there’s www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
an error.

HTML 5 doctype Browser Support:

Block-Level Links
You can now wrap links around <li>
block-level elements, rather than
having to create links around <a href="page.html">
every element inside the block <img src="pic.jpg">
element. <h3>Title</h3>
<p>Text</p>
This is useful for lists of articles
that include multiple elements, </a>
callouts with a single action, etc. </li>

Block-level Links Browser Support:

NEW APIs


Drag & Drop API
Allows objects (images and links,
by default) to be dragged and then
dropped onto a target.

The target is enabled by canceling
the ‘dragover’ (for sane browsers)
or ‘dragenter’ (for IE) events for +
the drop target. Then listen for a
‘drop’ event which contains a
‘dataTransfer’ object with info.

Drag and Drop API Browser Support:

getElementsByClassName
Works just like getElementsById,
but selects an array of all elements
based on a shared class name.

No more varied custom functions
to make this happen, and
performance is significantly better.

getElementsByClassName Browser Support:

Cross-Document Messaging
This allows non-hostile documents
on different domains to simply MAIN DOCUMENT
communicate with each other.

The sending document can call
FOREIGN
postMessage() on the window
IFRAME
object of the receiving document,
while the receiving document listens
for a ‘message’ event.

Cross-Doc Messaging Browser Support:

Simple Client Storage
The sessionStorage DOM attribute <input
stores session data for a single type="checkbox"
window, like cookies on crack. onchange="
localStorage.insurance=checked
"
The localStorage DOM attribute />
allows each site to store megabytes
of data across sessions to improve
performance.

Both methods store only strings.

Simple Client Storage Browser Support:

Structured Client Storage
HTML 5’s Web Storage module tx.executeSql(
provides an SQL server within the ‘SELECT * FROM Notes’,
client, accessible using Javascript. It [],
function(tx, rs) {
uses fairly standard SQL queries for(var i = 0;
for both reading and writing. i < rs.rows.length; i++) {
renderNote(rs.rows[i]);
There’s a lot to be explained about }
the built-in SQL server, so go
check out the docs for more
information.

Structured Client Storage Browser Support:

Offline Application Caching
Allow the client to refer directly to <html manifest=”/cache.manifest”>
its cache, authoritatively, for
certain resources, even if the
CACHE MANIFEST
browser is offline. index.html
help.html
Resources listed in the “network” style/default.css
section are never cached. images/logo.png
images/backgound.png

NETWORK:
server.cgi

Offline Application Caching Browser Support:

Canvas
Provides an API for drawing <canvas id="canvas" width="150" height="150">
fallback content
directly in the browser window, </canvas>
using instructions that define
function draw() {
vector-based shapes and lines. var canvas = document.getElementById("canvas");
if (canvas.getContext) {
var ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");
This allows SVG-like graphics to be
created on the fly in the browser, ctx.fillStyle = "rgb(200,0,0)";
ctx.fillRect (10, 10, 55, 50);
with fallback content (like Flash?)
ctx.fillStyle = "rgba(0, 0, 200, 0.5)";
provided to legacy browsers.
ctx.fillRect (30, 30, 55, 50);
}
}

canvas Browser Support:

The Presentation Layer:

CSS 3


opacity
Adjusts the opacity of the selected div { color: #f00; opacity: 1.0; }

element’s presentation on screen.

Takes values between 0.0 (fully
div { color: #f00; opacity: 0.5; }
transparent) and 1.0 (fully
opaque)

opacity Browser Support:

RGBA Color
Like RGB color definitions, but div { color: rgb(0,255,0); }

allows a fourth field, defining the
alpha value of the color being
applied.
div { color: rgba(0,255,0,0.5); }

Like opacity, the alpha value is
between 0.0 (fully transparent)
and 1.0 (fully opaque).

RGBA color Browser Support:

HSL/A Color
HSL color definitions accept three div { color: hsl(240,50%,50%); }

arguments: hue is a degree on a
color wheel (0-360), saturation
is a percentage, and lightness is a
div { color: hsla(240,50%,50%,0.5); }
percentage.

HSLA is like HSL color, but
allows a fourth field, defining the
alpha value of the color being
applied. See RGBA.

HSL/A color Browser Support:

BACKGROUNDS


background-size
Defines the size at which the div { background-size: 100px 65px; }

browser should display the specified
background image. Accepts all
normal size definitions as width
div { background-size: 400px 65px; }
followed by height.

In shorthand, this appears after
background-position values.

background-size Browser Support:

background-image
Allows for multiple images to be background: url(body-top.png) top left no-repeat,
url(body-bottom.png) bottom left no-repeat,
specified. The first image specified url(body-middle.png) left repeat-y;
is layered closest to the top of the
screen, and subsequent images are
layered beneath.

background-image Browser Support:

BORDERS


border-color
Allows for multiple border colors border: 5px solid #000;
border-color: #000 transparent transparent #000;
to be specified, one pixel at a time.
The last specified color is repeated
if necessary.

This cannot be used in the border
shorthand syntax.

border-color Browser Support:

border-image
Allows the border to be represented border-image: url(button.png) 0 12 0 12 stretch
stretch;
by an image, by defining which
parts of the image should be used
for the edges, and which should be
repeated in the main part of the
border-image: url(border.png) 27 27 27 27 round
element. round;

This is difficult to represent
completely, so go look it up.

border-image Browser Support:

border-radius
Curves the corners of the border border-radius: 10px;

using the radius given, often in
pixels. This can be given to all
corners, or only to individual
corners as specified.
border-top-right-radius: 10px;

Firefox refers to individual corners
like “border-radius-topright”
while Safari (correctly) refers to it
as “border-top-right-radius”.

border-radius Browser Support:

box-shadow
Creates a drop shadow beneath the box-shadow: 10px 10px 10px #333;

selected element.

The first argument is the horizontal
offset, the second is the vertical
offset, the third is the blur radius,
and the final argument is the color
to be used as the shadow.

box-shadow Browser Support:

text-overflow
If text overflows the available text-overflow: ellipsis;

space, the text-overflow property
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing
defines what happens. elit. Nam purus nunc, auctor et accumsan ut, aliquam
vel leo. Quisque dignissim tincidunt rhoncus. Duis
sed velit rutrum lorem rutrum faucibus. Nam tincidunt
eros at arcu vestibulum egestas. Donec fringilla,
The value “ellipsis” appends an turpis in auctor luctus, orci orci vestibulum lacus,
a tristique felis erat non diam. Morbi dolor massa,
ellipsis character at the overflow elementum ac iaculis quis, iaculis sed neque. Aliquam
erat volutpat. Aliquam porttitor auctor massa sit
point. amet ultrices. Maecenas quis nunc nibh, sit amet
hendrerit leo. Donec a massa eget velit consectetur
fermentum aliquet et eros. Vestibulum volutpat, est
vitae dapibus congue, nibh augue vehicula lacutus es…

text-overflow Browser Support:

text-shadow
Creates a drop shadow beneath the text-shadow: 10px 10px 10px #333;

selected text.
This is sample text.
The first argument is the horizontal
offset, the second is the vertical
offset, the third is the blur radius,
and the final argument is the color
to be used as the shadow. Multiple
shadow definitions may be
separated using commas.

text-shadow Browser Support:

column-width & column-gap
Breaks flowing text into multiple column-width: 200px;
column-gap: 20px;
columns, based on the width of the
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur quisque dignissim tincidunt rhoncus. Duis sed
container. Column width defines adipiscing elit. Nam purus nunc, auctor et
accumsan ut, aliquam vel leo. Quisque
velit rutrum lorem rutrum faucibus. Nam
tincidunt eros at arcu vestibulum egestas.

the width of each column, and dignissim tincidunt rhoncus. Duis sed velit
rutrum lorem rutrum faucibus. Nam tincidunt
eros at arcu vestibulum egestas. Donec
Donec fringilla, turpis in auctor luctus, orci
orci vestibulum lacus, a tristique felis erat non
diam. Morbi dolor massa, elementum ac
column-gap defines the gap fringilla, turpis in auctor luctus, orci orci
vestibulum lacus, a tristique felis erat non
iaculis quis, iaculis sed neque. Aliquam erat
volutpat. Aliquam porttitor auctor massa sit
diam. Morbi dolor massa, elementum ac amet ultrices. Maecenas quis nunc nibh, sit
between columns. iaculis quis, iaculis sed neque. Aliquam erat
volutpat. Aliquam porttitor auctor massa sit
amet hendrerit leo. Donec a massa eget velit
consectetur fermentum aliquet et eros.
amet ultrices. Maecenas quis nunc nibh, sit Vestibulum volutpat, est vitae dapibus
amet hendrerit leo. Donec a massa eget velit congue, nibh augue vehicula lacus, vel
consectetur fermentum aliquet et eros. semper dolor odio in libero. Curabitur vitae

Column-count can be specified in Vestibulum volutpat, est vitae dapibus
congue, nibh augue vehicula lacus, vel
sem consequat purus fermentum tincidunt.
Donec vestibulum felis ut metus ultrices a
semper dolor odio in libero. Curabitur vitae vulputate felis rhoncus eum ivolonortis
lieu of column-width. sem consequat purus fermentum tincidunt.
Donec vestibulum felis ut metus ultrices a
vulputate felis rhoncus eum ivolonortis

column-width/column-gap Browser Support:

@font-face
Allows a font file to be associated @font-face {
font-family: Helvy;
with a font name for later use in src: local("Helvetica Neue Bold"),
font-family declarations. local("HelveticaNeue-Bold"),
url(MgOpenModernaBold.ttf);
font-weight: bold;
IE supports only .eot Embedded }

OpenType files, while the other p.specialFont { font-family: Helvy, sans-serif; }
browsers support any TTF and
OTF font files.

column-width/column-gap Browser Support:

TRANSFORMATION


rotate
Rotates the selected element at the
defined angle, defined in degrees.

The rotation doesn’t affect layout, transform: rotate(30deg);

and elements that are transformed
are treated similarly to
position:relative.

rotate Browser Support:

scale
Scales the element in question
based on the specified unit-less
numbers given for the X and Y
axes. If only one number is given, it transform: scale(0.5,2.0);

is applied to both axes.

scale Browser Support:

skew
Skews the element around the X
and Y axes by the specified angles,
in degrees. If it’s only one number,
the Y axis is assumed to be zero. transform: skew(-30deg);

scale Browser Support:

translate
Moves the object along each axis by
the length specified. The unit can
be anything accepted as a length in
CSS, such as px, em, percentages, transform: translate(30px, 0);

etc.

translate Browser Support:

3D TRANSFORMATIONS
PERSPECTIVE The distance, in pixels, of the z=0 plane from the viewer.

MATRIX3D Allows creation of a 3d transformation matrix.

ROTATE3D Rotate the matched element in three dimensions.

SCALE3D Performs a three-dimensional scale operation.

TRANSLATE3D Allows the matched element to be moved along three axes.


BROWSER PREFIXES


FIREFOX: -moz-box-shadow:

SAFARI: -webkit-box-shadow:

OPERA: -o-box-shadow:

IE: -ms-box-shadow:


READY YET?
When is it Time to Use These?


THE FUTURE


IMPLEMENTATION
trumps
SPECIFICATION


PROGRESSFUL
DEGRAHANCEMENT ™


In the end, be mindful of

BUSINESS AND
USER GOALS


A Healthy Dose of

CRITICISM


MORE RESOURCES
HTML 5 Doctor http://html5doctor.com/

HTML 5 Spec http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html

ALA Article http://www.alistapart.com/articles/previewofhtml5

Bruce Lawson http://www.brucelawson.co.uk/category/
accessibility-web-standards/html5/

Your Presenters Feel free to follow up with Jackson & Jason


Get in Touch!

SpeakerRate: spkr8.com/t/1250
Twitter: @whafro & @jgarber


Up to Speed on HTML 5 and CSS 3

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