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Virtualization with Vagrant (ua.pycon 2011)
The document discusses the benefits of using virtual environments for development, highlighting tools like Vagrant and VirtualBox to create and manage these environments. It emphasizes the advantages of isolation, repeatability, and guarantees in software development while also addressing the business benefits such as reduced costs and improved IT department perception. Additionally, it includes practical examples of using Vagrant for project deployment and the positive impact on developer onboarding and deployment efficiency.
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Virtualization with Vagrant (ua.pycon 2011)
- 1. Virtual testing & development* *batteries included
- 2. $ git clonegit://server.com/project.git $ run Ideal world
- 4. $ git clonegit://server.com/project.git Real world
- 5. $ git clonegit://server.com/project.git ... read help $ mkdir, cp, vim config.conf, configure, make, make install ... ask guru $ /project/hidden/blackmagic --fix_that --fix_this -- undocumented_parameter=MAGIC_CONST_42 ... %^ing @#$@#%@!!!! Real world
- 6. $ git clonegit://server.com/project.git ... read help $ mkdir, cp, vim config.conf, configure, make, make install ... ask guru $ /project/hidden/blackmagic --fix_that --fix_this -- undocumented_parameter=MAGIC_CONST_42 ... %^ing @#$@#%@!!!! $ run Real world
- 8.
- 9.
- 10. Problems • No isolation(oh, wrong binary on path...?) • Not repeatable (that README ain’t gonna run itself!) • No guarantees (“..but it works on my computer!”)
- 11.
- 13. Operating System Music WebServer DBAppServer IMEditor BrowserUser Space Virtualized OS
- 14. Benefits • Isolation (projectand version specific files only) • Repeatable (snapshots, copies, automation) • Guarantees (same OS different day)
- 15. Business benefits • Reducecosts (less hardware, lower energy consumption) • Backup and data protection • Application availability • Less time to respond to changing business needs • Less time spent on routine tasks • Better IT department perception
- 16. Time spend onroutine tasks according to VMware small & medium business survey
- 17. Why haven’t webeen doing this for a long time? • Big companies have been • Amazon EC2 • Microsoft • Google • Only recently possible on local machines • Cheat hardware • Cheap RAM • Desktop virtualization API
- 18. Ok, let’s govirtual. Now what?
- 19. Vagrant is atool for building and distributing virtualized development environments (vagrantup.com)
- 20. VirtualBox is cross-platformvirtualization software that works on all the major platforms (virtualbox.org)
- 21. High level overview •Describe environment with Vagrantfiles • Command line interface to manage VM lifecycle • Automate provisioning and configuration • Share folder with host OS via NFS • Provide SSH access to guest OS • Network multiple VMs • Package and distribute VMs
- 22. Vagrant boxes • Box= pre-packaged VM environment (~OS image) • A number of ready to use boxes @ http:// vagrantbox.es • Ubuntu 32 / 64 • CentOS • Solaris • RH
- 23. Vagrantfile • Vagrantfile isto Vagrant as Makefile is to Make • Describes VM in code • One Vagrantfile per project (can contain multiple VMs) • Commit it to version control • Actually a Ruby code - easy to extent
- 24. Vagrantfile Vagrant::Config.run do |config| config.vm.box= “base_ubuntu" end
- 25. Command line $ vagranthelp vagrant init vagrant up vagrant halt vagrant reload vagrant suspend vagrant resume vagrant destroy vagrant provision vagrant package …
- 27. • Isolation (projectand version specific files only) • Repeatable (snapshots, copies, automation) • Guarantees (same OS different day)
- 28. Chef is anopen-source systems integration framework built specifically for automating the cloud (opscode.com/ chef)
- 29. Puppet is asystem for automating system administration tasks, works on most UNIX-like operating systems (puppetlabs.com)
- 30. How Chef/Puppet works •You create recipes • Recipes describe desired system state • Then you manage your server park • Safely • Repeatedly • In automated way
- 32. Provisioning in Vagrant •Use Chef, Puppet, bash scripts, etc. to manage VM configuration • Repeatable! • Use same tools for production - Chef, Puppet
- 33. Vagrant + Chef Vagrant::Config.rundo |config| config.vm.box = “base_ubuntu_box" config.vm.provision :chef_solo do |chef| chef.recipe_url = "http://server/cookbooks.tar.gz" chef.add_recipe(“aptitude") chef.add_recipe(“apache2") chef.add_recipe(“mysql-server") chef.add_recipe(“python27") chef.add_recipe(“pip") end end
- 34. Networking • Assign IPto VM in Vagrantfile • Forward ports • Access VM from your browser
- 35. Networking Vagrant::Config.run do |config| config.vm.box= "lucid32" config.vm.network("10.20.30.49") config.vm.forward_port("web", 80, 4567) end
- 36. • Isolation (projectand version specific files only) • Repeatable (snapshots, copies, automation) • Guarantees (same OS different day)
- 37. Packaging • When environmentis stable • Package and distribute prepared VMs • Minimize setup time
- 39. • Isolation (projectand version specific files only) • Repeatable (snapshots, copies, automation) • Guarantees (same OS different day)
- 40. Beyond that • Multi-VMVagrantfile • DB • AppServer • WebServer • Use vagrant as library • Call API functions to do the tasks from Ruby code • Run custom SSH commands
- 41.
- 42. Demo github.com/dreamiurg/timetest •Django application •Apache2 +MySQL on single VM •Additional Python packages like used (South, annoying) •DB migrations handled by South •Deployment process • Vagrant is used to create VM, install required packages and configure services • Fabric (fabfile.org) is used to populate DB, set up apache2 conf and install Python modules
- 43. Prerequisites $ <install python> $<install ruby> $ <install virtualbox> $ gem install vagrant $ git clone http://server/project.git $ cd project
- 44. Demo: create VM,deploy project 00:00:00 $ vagrant box add base http://server/base.box ... base box for VM is copied to your computer 00:02:00 $ vagrant up ... vagrant creates VM from base box, installs and configures required packages – apt, apache2, mysql, python, git, … 00:05:00 $ fab deploy ... DB is populated with initial data, apache config updated, apache restarted 00:07:00 $ curl http://localhost:8080/ ... site is up and running.
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- 46. Our experience • 10+projects during last 18 months • From small (single webserver, no DB) to medium (several webservers + load balancer, master/slave DB replication) • New developer start time reduced from 2-3 days to 1 hr on average • Number of deployment/environment defects reduced by 75%
- 48. Links • http://vagrantup.com • http://www.vagrantbox.es •http://fabfile.org • http://opscode.com • http://puppetlabs.com • http://github.com/dreamiurg/timetest • http://www.vmware.com/files/pdf/VMware-SMB- Survey.pdf
- 49.