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 List of Important Pair of Words from CSS Past
Papers
2020 Updated

Pair of Words from CSS year 2000

Need:
Meaning: require (something) because it is essential or very important rather than just
desirable:
Sentence: I need your help now

Knead:
Meaning: work (moistened flour or clay) into dough or paste with the hands or massage
or squeeze with the hands.
Sentence: She kneaded his back

Queue:
Meaning: a line of people, usually standing or in cars, waiting for something
Sentence: There was a long queue of traffic stretching down the road.

Cue:
Meaning: a signal for someone to do something
Sentence: They started washing up, so that was our cue to leave the party.

Quarts:
Meaning: a unit of liquid measure of capacity.
Sentence: You spilled a quart of water on my table.

Quartz:
Meaning: a hard mineral consisting of silica, found widely in igneous and metamorphic
rocks.
Sentence: The rocks i have used contain some quartz, which may help to create the effect
we want.

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Choral:
Meaning: of a chorus or a choir,
Sentence: Choral singing became a matter of national pride.

Coral:
Meaning: the hard, stony skeleton secreted by certain marine polyps.
Sentence: What you will not find here are pristine corals.

Discrete:
Meaning: separate and distinct.
Sentence: These are discrete projects, and their funding records should be kept separate.

Discreet:
Meaning: careful and prudent in one’s speech or actions, especially in order to keep
something confidential.
Sentence: Discreet silence over the matter.

Epic:
Meaning: An epic is a story or long poem telling the tale of a fictional or historical hero.
Sentence: Epic tale that favors the bizarre.

Epoch:
Meaning: a period of time considered in terms of noteworthy and characteristic events,
developments, persons, etc
Sentence: Epoch of the final decline of democracy.
Libel:
Meaning: Law a published false statement that is damaging to a person’s reputation; a
written defamation.
Sentence: He was found guilty of a libel on a Liverpool inspector of taxes.

Liable:
Meaning: legally bound or obligated, as to make good any loss or damage that occurs in a
transaction; responsible.
Sentence: Chief Officer should be vicariously liable for the actions of their officers.

Mail:
Meaning: Postal material for a specific person or organization.
Sentence: I have send him a letter by air mail.

Male:
Meaning: Characteristic of or appropriate to this sex; masculine
Sentence: The king had no male descendant.
Banned:

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Meaning: something that is prohibited.
Sentence: The death penalty is banned in New York and New Jersey.

Band:
Meaning: a group of people working together, particularly in the field of music.
Sentence: 9 zero Band's new album, i remember being instantly impressed.

Barred:
Meaning: provided with one or more bars
Sentence: Barred owls roosting by the side of the road!

Bard:
Meaning: an ancient person who composes and signs poems about heroes and epic
events.
Sentence: Bards of the time could recite, or chant, long epic poems.

Pair of Words from CSS year 2001

Brooch:
Meaning: a small piece of jewelry with a pin at the back that is fastened to a woman's
clothes
Sentence: She wore a small silver brooch.

Broad:
Meaning: very wide
Sentence: We walked down a broad avenue lined with trees.

Collision:
Meaning: an accident that happens when two vehicles hit each other with force
Sentence: There has been a collision on the southbound stretch of the motorway.

Collusion:
Meaning: agreement between people to act together secretly or illegally in order to
deceive or cheat someone
Sentence: It is thought that they worked in collusion with the terrorist network.

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Fain:
Meaning: glad; ready
Sentence: He is fain to do all things himself.

Feign:
Meaning: to pretend to feel something, usually an emotion
Sentence: You know how everyone feigns surprise when you tell them how old you are.

Hoard:
Meaning: to collect large amounts of something and keep it in a safe, often secret, place
Sentence: During the siege people began hoarding food and supplies.

Horde:
Meaning: a large group of people
Sentence: Hordes of students on bikes made crossing the road difficult.

Illusion:
Meaning: an idea or belief which is not true
Sentence: He had no illusions about his talents as a singer.

Delusion:
Meaning: when someone believes something that is not true
Sentence: He's under the delusion that he will be promoted this year.

Persecute:
Meaning: to treat someone unfairly or cruelly over a long period of time because of their
race, religion, or political beliefs or to annoy someone by refusing to leave them alone
Sentence: Religious minorities were persecuted and massacred during the ten-year
regime.

Prosecute:
Meaning: to officially accuse someone of committing a crime in a court of law, or (of a
lawyer) to try to prove that a person accused of committing a crime is guilty of that crime
Sentence: He was prosecuted for fraud.

Prescribe:
Meaning: to say what medical treatment someone should have
Sentence: The drug is often prescribed for ulcers.

Proscribe:
Meaning: to not allow something
Sentence: The Athletics Federation has banned the runner from future races for using
proscribed drugs.

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Respectfully:
Meaning: in a way that shows you want to be polite or honor someone
Sentence: As the body was carried through the crowd, people drew back respectfully.

Respectively:
Meaning: relating or belonging to each of the separate people or things you have just
mentioned
Sentence: In the 200 meters, Lizzy and Sarah came first and third respectively.

Complacent:
Meaning: Satisfied
Sentence: We can't afford to become complacent about any of our products.

Complaisant:
Meaning: willing to please; affably agreeable; obliging
Sentence: Can we really sit back and watch the suffering of a whole nation and be so
complaisant?

Corporal:
Meaning:of the human body; bodily; physical:
Sentence: Nowadays it is not the custom to inflict corporal punishment in schools.

Corporeal:
Meaning: Of a material nature; tangible.
Sentence: Corporeal need such as food and drink should receive due measure of attention.

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 Pair of Words from CSS year 2004

Auger:
Meaning: a tool consisting of a twisted rod of metal fixed to a handle, used for making
large holes in wood or in the ground
Sentence: In order to measure the pH directly; the kit includes a plastic auger to perforate
the ground.

Augur:
Meaning: to be a sign of especially good or bad things in the future
Sentence: Do you think that this recent ministerial announcement augurs a shift in
government policy?

Fain:
Meaning: glad; ready
Sentence: He is fain to do all things himself.

Feign:
Meaning: to pretend to feel something, usually an emotion
Sentence: You know how everyone feigns surprise when you tell them how old you are.

Emigrate:
Meaning: to leave a country permanently and go to live in another one
Sentence: Millions of Germans emigrated from Europe to America in the nineteenth
century.

Immigrate:
Meaning: to come to live in a different country
Sentence: He immigrated with his parents in 1895, and grew up in London.

Envy:
Meaning: to wish that you had something that another person has
Sentence: I envy her ability to talk to people she's never met before.

Jealousy:
Meaning: a feeling of unhappiness and anger because someone has something that you
want
Sentence: The team has performed very badly this season due to petty jealousies among
the players.

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Invade:
Meaning: to enter an area of activity in a forceful and noticeable way
Sentence: Concentrations of troops near the border look set to invade within the next few
days.

Attack:
Meaning: to try to hurt or defeat using violence
Sentence: He was attacked and seriously injured by a gang of youths.

Trifling:
Meaning: A trifling matter or amount of money is small or not important
Sentence: It was such a trifling sum of money to argue about!

Trivial:
Meaning: having little value or importance
Sentence: I don't know why he gets so upset about something that is utterly trivial.

Simulation:
Meaning: a model of a set of problems or events that can be used to teach someone how
to do something
Sentence: The manager prepared a computer simulation of likely sales performance for
the rest of the year.

Dissimulation:
Meaning: To conceal one's true feelings or intentions.
Sentence: As an actress she had been trained to dissimulate, so she had no trouble hiding
her true feelings offstage as well.

Venal:
Meaning: A venal person is willing to behave in a way that is not honest or moral in
exchange for money
Sentence: A venal ruler

Venial:
Meaning: describes a wrong action that is not serious and therefore easy to forgive
Sentence: Aristocracy is not an institution: aristocracy is a sin; generally a very venial
one.

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 Pair of Words from CSS year 2005

Counsel:
Meaning: to give advice, especially on social or personal problems
Sentence: The police have provided experts to counsel local people affected by the
tragedy.

Council:
Meaning: a group of people elected or chosen to make decisions or give advice on a
particular subject, to represent a particular group of people, or to run a particular
organization
Sentence: This play is supported by a grant from the local arts council.

Distinct:
Meaning: clearly noticeable; that certainly exists
Sentence: There's a distinct smell of cigarettes in here.

Distinctive:
Meaning: Something that is distinctive is easy to recognize because it is different from
other things
Sentence: She's got a very distinctive voice.

Apposite:
Meaning: suitable and right for the occasion
Sentence: It is, however, apposite to note that this process will continue in the year ahead.

Opposite:
Meaning: completely different
Sentence: You'd never know they're sisters - they're completely opposite to each other in
every way.

Deprecate
Meaning: to not approve of something
Sentence: We deprecate this use of company funds for political purposes.

Depreciate:
Meaning: to (cause something to) lose value, especially over time
Sentence: Our car depreciated by $1500 in the first year we owned it.

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Punctual:
Meaning: arriving, doing something or happening at the expected, correct time
Sentence: He's fairly punctual.

Punctilious:
Meaning: very careful to behave correctly or to give attention to details
Sentence: He was always punctilious in his manners.

Judicial:
Meaning: involving a court of law
Sentence: The defense team will seek a judicial review of the sentence.

Judicious:
Meaning: having or showing reason and good judgment in making decisions
Sentence: We should make judicious use of the resources available to us.

Salutary:
Meaning: causing improvement of behavior or character
Sentence: It is however salutary to remember the genuine need for originality in the
creation of a copyright protectable database.

Salubrious:
Meaning: describes a place that is pleasant, clean, and healthy to live in
Sentence: He doesn't live in a very salubrious part of town.

Canvas:
Meaning: a piece of cloth used by artists for painting on, usually with oil paints, or the
painting itself
Sentence: These two canvases by Hockney would sell for £500 000.

Canvass:
Meaning: to try to get political support or votes, especially by visiting all the houses in an
area
Sentence: I've been out canvassing for the Labor Party every evening this week.

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 Pair of Words from CSS year 2006

Voracity:
Meaning: excessive desire to eat
Sentence: On reaching the ship they were offered some bread, which they devoured with
a voracious appetite.

Veracity:
Meaning: the quality of being true, honest or accurate
Sentence: The veracity of the second claim can be tested against the findings of
archeology.

Persecute:
Meaning: to treat someone unfairly or cruelly over a long period of time because of their
race, religion, or political beliefs or to annoy someone by refusing to leave them alone
Sentence: Religious minorities were persecuted and massacred during the ten-year
regime.

Prosecute:
Meaning: to officially accuse someone of committing a crime in a court of law, or (of a
lawyer) to try to prove that a person accused of committing a crime is guilty of that crime
Sentence: He was prosecuted for fraud.

Moat:
Meaning: a long wide hole which is dug all the way around a place such as a castle, and
usually filled with water, to make it more difficult to attack
Sentence: The site of the manor house is surrounded by a narrow moat which is fed by
water from the New River.

Mote:
Meaning: something, especially a bit of dust, that is so small it is almost impossible to see
Sentence: Dust motes swam alongside the gloomy corridor.

Loath:
Meaning: to be unwilling to do something
Sentence: I'm loath to spend it all at once.

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Loathe:
Meaning: to hate someone or something
Sentence: From an early age the brothers have loathed each other.

Ingenious:
Meaning: very clever and skillful
Sentence: She was ingenious at finding ways to work more quickly.

Ingenuous:
Meaning: honest, sincere and trusting/ showing innocent or childlike simplicity and
candidness
Sentence: It has to be said it was rather ingenuous of him to ask a complete stranger to
look after his luggage.

Fain:
Meaning: glad; ready
Sentence: He is fain to do all things himself.

Feign:
Meaning: to pretend to feel something, usually an emotion
Sentence: You know how everyone feigns surprise when you tell them how old you are.

Immigrant:
Meaning: a person who has come to a different country in order to live there permanently
Sentence: Illegal immigrants are sent back across the border if they are caught.

Emigrant:
Meaning: a person who emigrates
Sentence: There was only a small number of emigrants on board.

Wreck:
Meaning: to destroy or badly damage something
Sentence: Our greenhouse was wrecked in last night's storm.

Wreak:
Meaning: to cause something to happen in a violent and often uncontrolled way
Sentence: The recent storms have wreaked havoc on crops.

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 Pair of Words from CSS year 2007

Affluence:
Meaning: having a lot of money or owning a lot of things
Sentence: What we are seeing increasingly is a society of private affluence and public
squalor.

Effluence:
Meaning: a thing that flows out or forth
Sentence: How can Reef Entertainment justify releasing this effluence on the general
public?

Wretch:
Meaning: a person who experiences something unpleasant
Sentence: A gentleman said that a week ago he was the wretch in the county, but now
saved.

Retch:
Meaning: to react in a way as if you are vomiting
Sentence: The sight of blood makes him retch.

Euphemistic:
Meaning: a word or phrase used to avoid saying an unpleasant or offensive word
Sentence: 'Senior citizen' is a euphemism for 'old person'.

Euphuistic:
Meaning: Affected elegance of language.
Sentence: Euphuistic style has been used in many of his writings.

Amoral:
Meaning: without moral principles
Sentence: The spies are younger, less jaded but equally cynical and still operating in a
wholly amoral world.

Immoral:
Meaning: morally wrong

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Sentence: It's an immoral tax, because the poor will pay relatively more.

Imperial:
Meaning: belonging or relating to an empire or the person or country that rules it
Sentence: Delhi is a city of two centers, comprising imperial Lutyens architecture and
numerous monuments to the Moghul Empire.

Imperious:
Meaning: unpleasantly proud and expecting obedience
Sentence: He sent them away with an imperious wave of the hand.

Degrade:
Meaning: to lower in rank or status
Sentence: He likes to degrade people by calling them embarrassing names.

Denigrate:
Meaning: to say that someone or something is not good or important
Sentence: You shouldn't denigrate people just because they have different beliefs from
you.

Temporal:
Meaning: relating to practical matters or physical things, rather than spiritual ones
Sentence: Her starting point: 'The future is the only temporal area over which people
have power’.

Temporary:
Meaning: not lasting or needed for very long
Sentence: The ceasefire will only provide a temporary solution to the crisis. (Pair
Repeated: 1)

Precipitate:
Meaning: to make something happen suddenly or sooner than expected
Sentence: Fear of losing her job precipitated her into action.

Precipitous:
Meaning: sheer
Sentence: Precipitous slopes of Reid's Ridge are visible on the right.

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 Pair of Words from CSS year 2008

Mitigate:
Meaning: to make something less harmful, unpleasant or bad
Sentence: It is unclear how to mitigate the effects of tourism on the island.

Alleviate:
Meaning: to make something bad such as pain or problems less severe
Sentence: The drugs did nothing to alleviate her pain/suffering.

Persecute:
Meaning: to treat someone unfairly or cruelly over a long period of time because of their
race, religion, or political beliefs or to annoy someone by refusing to leave them alone
Sentence: Religious minorities were persecuted and massacred during the ten-year
regime.

Prosecute:
Meaning: to officially accuse someone of committing a crime in a court of law, or (of a
lawyer) to try to prove that a person accused of committing a crime is guilty of that crime
Sentence: He was prosecuted for fraud.

Popular:
Meaning: liked, enjoyed or supported by many people
Sentence: She's the most popular teacher in school.

Populace:
Meaning: the ordinary people who live in a particular country or place
Sentence: Some studies show that workers in the nuclear industry are more likely than the
general populace to get cancer.

Compliment:
Meaning: remark that expresses approval, admiration or respect
Sentence: I take it as a compliment when people say I look like my mother.

Complement:
Meaning: to make something else seem better or more attractive when combining with it
Sentence: The music complements her voice perfectly.

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Excite:
Meaning: to make someone have strong feelings of happiness and enthusiasm
Sentence: Nothing about my life excites me at present.

Incite:
Meaning: to encourage someone to do or feel something unpleasant or violent
Sentence: She was expelled for inciting her classmates to rebel against their teachers.

Voracity:
Meaning: excessive desire to eat
Sentence: On reaching the ship they were offered some bread, which they devoured with
a voracious appetite.

Veracity:
Meaning: the quality of being true, honest or accurate
Sentence: The veracity of the second claim can be tested against the findings of
archeology.

Virtuous:
Meaning: having good moral qualities and behavior
Sentence: He described them as a virtuous and hard-working people.

Virtual:
Meaning: describes something that can be done or seen using a computer and therefore
without going anywhere or talking to anyone
Sentence: In tests, we have found the virtual machine runs at a reasonable speed.

Exceptional:
Meaning: much greater than usual, especially in skill, intelligence, quality, etc
Sentence: The Company has shown exceptional growth over the past two years.

Exceptionable:
Meaning: offensive or upsetting
Sentence: This action is normally only taken in exceptionable circumstances.

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 Pair of Words from CSS year 2009
Persecute:
Meaning: to treat someone unfairly or cruelly over a long period of time because of their
race, religion, or political beliefs or to annoy someone by refusing to leave them alone
Sentence: Religious minorities were persecuted and massacred during the ten-year
regime.

Prosecute:
Meaning: to officially accuse someone of committing a crime in a court of law, or (of a
lawyer) to try to prove that a person accused of committing a crime is guilty of that crime
Sentence: He was prosecuted for fraud.

Luxuriant:
Meaning: growing thickly, strongly and well
Sentence: This stretch of land was once covered with luxuriant forest, but is now bare.

Luxurious:
Meaning: very comfortable and expensive
Sentence: They have a very luxurious house.

Mean:
Meaning: to express or represent something such as an idea, thought, or fact
Sentence: These figures mean that almost 7% of the working population is unemployed.

Mien:
Meaning: a person's appearance, especially the typical expression on their face
Sentence: His aristocratic mien and smart clothes singled him out.

Observation:
Meaning: when you observe something or someone
Sentence: The police are keeping the suspect under observation.

Observance:
Meaning: when someone obeys a law or follows a religious custom
Sentence: The State must enforce the observance of human rights in its domestic legal
order.

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Naughty:
Meaning: not behaving properly; mischievous or disobedient
Sentence: Now that's naughty - you mustn't throw food on the floor!

Knotty:
Meaning: complicated and difficult to solve
Sentence: That's rather a knotty question.

Ghostly:
Meaning: pale and transparent
Sentence: The image is fading which gives the figure a rather ghostly appearance.

Ghastly:
Meaning: unpleasant and shocking
Sentence: Today's newspaper gives all the ghastly details of the murder.

Hew:
Meaning: to cut a large piece out of rock, stone or another hard material in a rough way
Sentence: The monument was hewn out of the side of a mountain.

Hue:
Meaning: a particular shade or tint of a given color
Sentence: In the Caribbean waters there are fish of every hue.

Hoard:
Meaning: to collect large amounts of something and keep it in a safe, often secret, place
Sentence: During the siege people began hoarding food and supplies.

Horde:
Meaning: a large group of people
Sentence: Hordes of students on bikes made crossing the road difficult.

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 Pair of Words from CSS year 2010

Adverse:
Meaning: having a negative or harmful effect on something
Sentence: The match has been canceled due to adverse weather conditions.

Averse:
Meaning: strongly disliking or opposed to
Sentence: Few MPs are averse to the attention of the media.

Maize:
Meaning: a tall plant grown in many parts of the world for its yellow seeds which are
eaten as food, made into flour or fed to animals
Sentence: Some of our foods may contain ingredients produced from genetically
modified maize.

Maze:
Meaning: An intricate, usually confusing network of interconnecting pathways
Sentence: The old part of the town was a maze of narrow passages.

Medal:
Meaning: a small, flat piece of metal with a design or inscription stamped or inscribed on
it, made to commemorate some event, or awarded for some distinguished action
Sentence: She won three Olympic gold medals.

Meddle:
Meaning: to concern oneself with or take part in other people's affairs without being
asked or needed
Sentence: People shouldn't meddle with things they don't understand.

Imperial:
Meaning: belonging or relating to an empire or the person or country that rules it
Sentence: Delhi is a city of two centers, comprising imperial Lutyens architecture and
numerous monuments to the Moghul Empire.

Imperious:
Meaning: unpleasantly proud and expecting obedience

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Sentence: He sent them away with an imperious wave of the hand.

Voracity:
Meaning: excessive desire to eat
Sentence: On reaching the ship they were offered some bread, which they devoured with
a voracious appetite.

Veracity:
Meaning: the quality of being true, honest or accurate
Sentence: The veracity of the second claim can be tested against the findings of
archeology.

Illusion:
Meaning: an idea or belief which is not true
Sentence: He had no illusions about his talents as a singer.

Allusion:
Meaning: something that is said or written that is intended to make you think of a
particular thing or person
Sentence: Her novels are packed with literary allusions.

Ordinance:
Meaning: a law or rule made by a government or authority
Sentence: City Ordinance 126 forbids car parking in this area.

Ordnance:
Meaning: all military weapons together with ammunition, combat vehicles, etc. and the
equipment and supplies used in servicing these
Sentence: Do not touch any military ordnance that may be found lying around this area.

Willing:
Meaning: to be happy to do something if it is needed
Sentence: You said you needed a volunteer - well, I'm willing.

Willful:
Meaning: said or done deliberately or intentionally
Sentence: Willful killing is a grave breach.

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 Pair of Words from CSS year 2011

Capital:
Meaning: a city which is the centre of government of a country or smaller political area
Sentence: Australia's capital city is Canberra.

Capitol:
Meaning: the building in which a state legislature meets
Sentence: A state legislature will meet in a capitol building.

Assay:
Meaning: an examination or testing
Sentence: A positive result has been obtained in a mouse lymphoma assay.

Essay:
Meaning: attempt/ a short piece of writing on a particular subject
Sentence: The Diploma is assessed by three essays of 3,000 words each.

Envelop:
Meaning: to cover or surround something completely
Sentence: The graveyard looked ghostly, enveloped in mist.

Envelope:
Meaning: a flat, usually square or rectangular, paper container for a letter
Sentence: A stamped, addressed envelope should be enclosed for reply.

Decree:
Meaning: an official statement that something must happen
Sentence: More than 200 people were freed by military decree.

Degree:
Meaning: amount or level of something
Sentence: This job demands a high degree of skill.

Desolate:
Meaning: describes a place that is empty and not attractive
Sentence: The house stood in a bleak and desolate landscape.

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Dissolute:
Meaning: immoral
Sentence: He led a dissolute life.

Species:
Meaning: a set of animals or plants in which the members have similar characteristics to
each other
Sentence: Over a hundred species of insect are found in this area.

Specie:
Meaning: Coined money
Sentence: The next insinuation is that the Bank has refused specie payments.

Tortuous:
Meaning: not direct or simple
Sentence: He took a tortuous route through back streets.

Torturous:
Meaning: causing torture
Sentence: It was torturous to think that he could have stopped the boy from running into
the road.

Wet:
Meaning: covered in water or another liquid
Sentence: My bike got wet in the rain.

Whet:
Meaning: to increase someone's interest in and wish for something
Sentence: I've read an excerpt of the book on the Web and it's whetted my appetite.

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 Pair of Words from CSS year 2013
Adjoin:
Meaning: To be next to; be contiguous to
Sentence: A waiting room for friends of patients immediately adjoins.

Adjourn:
Meaning: To end something either temporarily or permanently or to postpone it to
another time or place.
Sentence: Adjourn to consider its decision.

Allay
Meaning:To make better or decrease something that is unpleasant.
Sentence: During health questions the health secretary did not allay my fears.

Ally
Meaning: To join another in a mutually beneficial relationship.
Sentence: During times of war, Britain was Poland's closest ally.

Click
Meaning: To make or cause a slight, sharp sound, or to be suddenly clear
Sentence: Please click here to view the found desired web site.

Clique
Meaning: A small, closed off group of people.
Sentence: A big society exists in order to form cliques.

Distract
Meaning: T o draw someone's attention away from something and on to something
else.
Sentence: You might want to even keep yourself slightly distracted.

Detract:
Meaning: Reduce or take away the worth or value
Sentence: Your foolish action had detracted my main idea.

Liable
Meaning: Being likely to do or experience something or to having legal
responsibility for something.
Sentence: Chief Officers should be vicariously liable for the actions of their
officers.

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 Libel
Meaning:A written and published false statement about someone that damages
their reputation.
Sentence: he following year his attacks on the governor of new york led to him
being arrested for seditious libel.

Pair of Words from CSS year 2015

Plaintiff
Meaning: Sounding Sad
Sentence: The songs were rendered in a plaintive tone.

Plaintive
Meaning: a person who brings a suit into a court of law; complainant
Sentence: A plaintiff must reside in the state one year before filing an application for a
divorce.

-----------

Valet
Meaning: the personal employee of a man who tends to his clothing and personal needs
Sentence: And my valet can go in your carriage.

Varlet
Meaning: A man or boy acting as an attendant or servant
Sentence: A plaintiff must reside in the state one year before filing an application for a
divorce.

-----------

Monitor
Meaning: Observe and check the progress or quality of (something) over a period of time
Sentence: We don't monitor Canadian crimes.

Mentor
Meaning: Advise or train (someone, especially a younger colleague)
Sentence: It's unfortunate you don't have a mentor to show you more about your talents.

-----------

Complacent
Meaning: satisfied; esp., self-satisfied, or smug

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Sentence: He was rather complacent on the subject of voter turnout.

Complaisant
Meaning: Willing to please; affably agreeable; obliging
Sentence: Because John is too complaisant in his willingness to please others, people
often take advantage of him

-----------

Penitence
Meaning: The condition or quality of being penitent; regret for wrongdoing.
Sentence: Thus we reach what has been called la penitence tarifee.

Penance
Meaning: any act of reparation, self-punishment, etc. done in repentance for a sin or
wrongdoing
Sentence: The man gave away all of his money to charity as penance for his greed.

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 Pair of Words from CSS year 2016
Adverse:
Meaning: having a negative or harmful effect on something
Use in sentence: The match has been cancelled due to adverse weather conditions.

Averse:
Meaning: strongly disliking or opposed to
Use in sentence: Few MPs are averse to the attention of the media.

Altogether:
Meaning: completely, entirely · .
Use in sentence: When he first saw the examination questions, he was altogether baffled.

All together:
Meaning: in a group ··
Use in sentence: The wedding guests were gathered all together in the garden.

Allude:
Meaning: to make indirect reference ··
Use in sentence: He alluded to the problem but did not mention it.

Elude:
Meaning: to evade or escape from
Use in sentence: The thief eluded the police.

Braise:
Meaning: fry (food) lightly and then stew it slowly in a closed container
Use in sentence: He braised the beef in a wine sauce.

Braze:
Meaning: form, tix, or join by soldering with an alloy of copper and zinc at high
temperature
Use in sentence: Each joint is turned up tightly and well pinned or brazed.

Kerb:

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Meaning: the edge of a raised path nearest the road
Use in sentence: She tripped over the kerb.

Curb:
Meaning: to control or to limit
Use in sentence: We must curb our spending next month.

Faze:
Meaning: to disturb, bother, or embarrass, to disrupt the composure of
Use in sentence: Fireworks did not faze the sleeping baby.

Phase: ·
Meaning: any distinct time period in a sequence of events
Use in sentence: The reaction occurs in the liquid phase of the system.

Maybe
Meaning: an adverb meaning ''perhaps'' or ''possibly''
Use in sentence: Maybe I will go out tonight.

May be:
Meaning: A verb phrase meaning ''might be'' or ''could he.'' Use in sentence: I may be
going out tonight.

Moat
Meaning: a thin stream of water that completely surrounds right
Use in sentence: Since the dragon could not swim, he dared not cross the moat to any
window
or door of the castle. ·

Mote:
Meaning: a tiny piece of a substance; a speck. .
Use in sentence: A small mote of glass entered my foot, so tiny that I wasn't able to pull it
without tweezers.

Pair of Words from CSS year 2017

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Wrath
Meaning: extreme anger
Use in sentence: He hid his pipe for fear of incurring his father's wrath.

Wroth:
Meaning: angry '
Use in sentence: It was plain to see that Ali was now extremely wroth.

Veracity:
Meaning: the quality of being true
Use in sentence: Officials expressed doubts concerning the veracity of the story.

Voracity:
Meaning: avarice, rapacity
Use in sentence There is a higher thirst and voracity for a variety of pertinent content

Subtler:
Meaning: elusive
Use in sentence: Graham Taylor's approach at Watford was far subtler than the critics
portrayed.

Sutler:
Meaning: a supplier of victuals or supplies to an army •. .
Use in sentence: Essentially a sutler was a camp follower who sold provisions to the
soldiers,
part of early logistics.

Retenue:
Meaning: restraint, self-control
Use in sentence: She smiled and some of her natural retenue melted.

Retinue:
Meaning: a group of people who travel with an important person to provide help and
support
Use in sentence: The president travels with a large retinue of aides and bodyguards.

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Minute:
Meaning: extremely small
Use in sentence: He will have no more than a minute chance of exercising influence.

Minuet: ·
Meaning: a slow, stately ballroom dance
Use in sentence: Louie, who dances a shaky minuet if properly guided, was a shoo-in.
·

Furor:
Meaning: an angry or maniacal fit
Use in sentence: The half hour lecture caused an enormous furor.

Furore:
Meaning: an outbreak of public anger or excitement
Use in sentence: His choice of words created quite a furore.

Dinghy:
Meaning: a small inflatable rubber boat
Use in sentence: The bigger dinghy dragged her moorings.

Dingy:
Meaning: shabby, squalid
Use in sentence: Her hair was a dingy brown colour.

Bony:
Meaning: consisting of bone, resembling bone ·

Use in sentence: She suddenly held up a small, bony finger and pointed across the room

Bonny:
Meaning: attractive, fair .
Use in sentence: bonny, bouncing baby, Freddie was her heart's desire and joy.

Pair of Words from CSS year 2018

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Callous:
Meaning: harsh, cruel, ruthless ·
Use in sentence: His callous comments about the murder made me shiver.

Callus:
Meaning: a thickened and hardened part of the skin
Use in sentence: His hands are soft and have only mild "calluses from playing guitar.

Born:
Meaning: existing as a result of birth
Use in sentence: Ali was born in Lahore.

Borne:
Meaning: carried or transported by the thing specified
Use in sentence: Dengue, malaria and chikungunya are vector-borne diseases.

Faint:
Meaning: possible but unlikely; slight
Use in sentence: There is a faint chance that the enemy may flee

Feint:
Meaning: any distracting or deceptive man oeuvre (as a mock attack)
Use in sentence: The boxer made a feint with his right and then followed with a left
hook.

Dinghy:
Meaning: a small inflatable rubber boat
Use in sentence: His group set off aboard a rubber dinghy, but was never heard from
again.

Dingy:
Meaning: shabby, squalid
Use in sentence: On a cold, foggy night, I walked out a dingy hotel in handcuffs.

Lose:

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Meaning: be deprived of, suffer the loss of, no longer have
Use in sentence: She was very upset about losing her job.

Loose:
Meaning: not tight; not closely constrained
Use in sentence: The large shoes were very loose.

Waiver:
Meaning: renunciation, surrender, repudiation
Use in sentence: They give consent to waiver of their subrogation rights

Waver: ·
Meaning: falter, wobble, tremble
Use in sentence: His voice wavered with a hint of uncertainty.

Shear:
Meaning: cut off (something such as hair, wool, or grass), with scissors or shears
Use in sentence: The sheep are sheared and their wool sold.

Sheer:
Meaning: to deviate from a course
Use in sentence: The car sheered to avoid hitting the dog.

Resister:
Meaning: someone who offers opposition
Use in sentence: My fellow resisters and I brought our spirit of resistance to the prison
system.

Resistor:
Meaning: a device designed to introduce resistance into an electric circuit
Use in sentence: Resistors are used to step up or lower the voltage at different points in a
circuit.

Other Important Pair of words

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All:
Meaning: every one (of), or the complete amount or number (of), or the whole (of)
Sentence: All animals have to eat in order to live.

Awl:
Meaning: a small, pointed tool for making holes in wood, leather, etc.
Sentence: That awl causes loud noise.

Boy:
Meaning: a male child
Sentence: As a young boy, my father used to walk three miles to school.

Buoy:
Meaning: a floating object on the top of the sea, which is used for directing ships and
warning them of possible danger
Sentence: The zones for swimming and the zones for water sports are clearly marked by
buoys.

Fallow:
Meaning: describes land that is not planted with crops, in order to improve the quality of
the soil
Sentence: Farmers are eligible for government support if they let a certain amount of land
lie fallow.

Fellow:
Meaning: describes someone who has the same job or interests as you, or is in the same
situation as you
Sentence: She introduced me to some of her fellow students.

Jewry:
Meaning: all the Jews
Sentence: Dr. Lisa is an expert of Latin American Jewry.

Jury:
Meaning: a group of people who have been chosen to listen to all the facts in a trial in a
law court and to decide whether a person is guilty or not guilty
Sentence: Police officers aren't usually allowed to be on a jury.

Functional:
Meaning: designed to be practical and useful rather than attractive
Sentence: Project work is used to integrate material and make knowledge functional.

Dysfunctional:

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Meaning: not behaving or working normally
Sentence: The craftsman is likely to seem dysfunctional in a culture of innovation and
change.

Yew:
Meaning: an evergreen tree with flat leaves like needles and small red cones, or the wood
from this tree
Sentence: There is little sound except for the breeze stirring in the churchyard yew trees.

Eue:
Meaning: Unable to find this word in dictionaries
Sentence: An eue passed in his life which made him dull for an year.

Allusive:
Meaning: containing a lot of allusions
Sentence: Her music is allusive.
Elusive:
Meaning: difficult to describe, find, achieve or remember
Sentence: The answers to these questions remain as elusive as ever.

Ladylike:
Meaning: graceful, controlled and behaving in a way that is socially acceptable for a
woman
Sentence: Laura is very ladylike and elegant.

Ladyship:
Meaning: a respectful way of referring to or talking to a woman or girl who has the rank
of a peer or knight without using her title
Sentence: We are honored to welcome your ladyship here tonight.

Differ:
Meaning: to be not like something or someone else, either physically or in another way
Sentence: The twins look alike, but they differ in temperament.

Defer:
Meaning: to delay something until a later time; to postpone
Sentence: My bank has agreed to defer the repayments on my loan while I'm still a
student.

Conscious:
Meaning: to notice that a particular thing or person exists or is present
Sentence: I think she's very conscious of being the only person in the office who didn't
have a university education.

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Conscience:
Meaning: the part of you that judges how moral your own actions are and makes you feel
guilty about bad things that you have done
Sentence: You didn't do anything wrong - you should have a clear conscience.

Confidant:
Meaning: a person you trust and share your feelings and secrets with
Sentence: Within a few short years he was a trusted confidant.

Confidante:
Meaning: a woman or girl confidant
Sentence: Within a few short years he was a trusted confidant.

Atheist:
Meaning: someone who believes that God or gods do not exist
Sentence: I know an atheist who says ' Oh god!

Agnostic:
Meaning: someone who does not know, or believes that it is impossible to know, whether
a god exists
Sentence: Although he was raised a Catholic, he was an agnostic for most of his adult
life.

Loose:
Meaning: not firmly fixed in place
Sentence: There were some loose wires hanging out of the wall.

Lose:
Meaning: to no longer have something because you do not know where it is, or because it
has been taken away from you
Sentence: I've lost my ticket.

Briefing:
Meaning: information that is given to someone just before they do something or a
meeting where this happens
Sentence: They received thorough briefing before they left the country.

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Debriefing:
Meaning: to question someone in detail about work they have done for you
Sentence: The pilots were thoroughly debriefed after every mission.

Dual:
Meaning: with two parts, or combining two things
Sentence: This room has a dual purpose, serving as both a study and a dining room.

Duel:
Meaning: a formal fight in the past, using guns or swords, arranged between two people
as a way of deciding an argument
Sentence: The composer Strauss was once challenged to a duel.

Compliment:
Meaning: remark that expresses approval, admiration or respect
Sentence: I take it as a compliment when people say I look like my mother.

Complement:
Meaning: to make something else seem better or more attractive when combining with it
Sentence: The music complements her voice perfectly.

Altogether:
Meaning: completely or in total
Sentence: The government ought to abolish the tax altogether.

All together:
Meaning: all at the same time
Sentence: The last time we were all together was in 1999.
Ambiguous:
Meaning: having or expressing more than one possible meaning, sometimes intentionally
Sentence: His reply to my question was somewhat ambiguous.

Ambivalent:
Meaning: having two opposing feelings at the same time, or being uncertain about how
you feel
Sentence: I felt very ambivalent about leaving home.

Appraise:
Meaning: to examine someone or something in order to judge their qualities, success or
needs
Sentence: At the end of each teaching practice, trainee teachers are asked to appraise their
own performance.

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Apprise:
Meaning: to tell someone about something
Sentence: The President has been apprised of the situation.
Bad:
Meaning: unpleasant; causing difficulties or harm
Sentence: Our holiday was spoiled by bad weather.

Badly:
Meaning: in a severe and harmful way
Sentence: She was badly affected by the events in her childhood.

Compare:
Meaning: to examine or look for the difference between two or more things
Sentence: If you compare house prices in the two areas, it's quite amazing how different
they are.

Contrast:
Meaning: an obvious difference between two or more things
Sentence: The antique furnishing provides an unusual contrast to the modernity of the
building.

Deduce:
Meaning: to reach an answer or a decision by thinking carefully about the known facts
Sentence: We cannot deduce very much from these figures.

Imply:
Meaning: to communicate an idea or feeling without saying it directly
Sentence: I detected an implied criticism of the way he was treated.

Differ from:
Meaning: to be not like something or someone else, either physically or in another way
Sentence: His views differ considerably from those of his parents.

Differ with:
Meaning: to disagree
Sentence: I beg to differ with you on that point.

Farther:
Meaning: to a greater distance
Sentence: The fog's so thick, I can't see farther than about ten meters.

Further:

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Meaning: to a greater distance or degree; at a more advanced level
Sentence: We discussed the problem but we didn't get much further in actually solving it.

Occlude:
Meaning: to close, shut, or block
Sentence: I try to set the end distance (at which the fog totally occludes everything) no
lower than 4000.

Occult:
Meaning: relating to magical powers and activities, such as those of witchcraft and
astrology
Sentence: She claims to have occult powers, given to her by some mysterious spirit.

Practical:
Meaning: relating to experience, real situations or actions rather than ideas or imagination
Sentence: Qualifications are important but practical experience is always an advantage.

Practicable:
Meaning: able to be done or put into action
Sentence: The troops will be brought home as soon as practicable.

Raze:
Meaning: to completely destroy a city, building, etc
Sentence: The town was razed to the ground in the bombing raid - not a building was left
standing.

Raise:
Meaning: to lift something to a higher position
Sentence: Would all those in favor please raise their hands?

Canon:
Meaning: a Christian priest with special duties in a cathedral
Sentence: He was first appointed as a residentiary canon and only became Chancellor
after several years with us.

Cannon:
Meaning: a large, mounted piece of artillery; sometimes, specif., a large gun with a
relatively short barrel, as a howitzer
Sentence: Instead of eight machine guns, it now had twelve, or four 20mm cannon.

Avenge:
Meaning: to do harm to or punish the person responsible for something bad done to you

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Sentence: He swore he would avenge his brother's death.

Revenge:
Meaning: harm done to someone as a punishment for harm that they have done to
someone else
Sentence: He is believed to have been shot by a rival gang in revenge for the shootings
last week.

Caret:
Meaning: a mark (‸) used in writing or in correcting proof, to show where something is to
be inserted
Sentence: Some screen readers use the system caret to determine which area of the screen
to read or magnify.

Carat:
Meaning: a unit for measuring the weight of jewels
Sentence: 24-carat gold is the purest.

Revel:
Meaning: to separate the parts, esp. threads
Sentence: The road raveled rapidly and became merely a pile of loose stones.

Reveal:
Meaning: to make known or show something that is surprising or that was previously
secret
Sentence: He was jailed for revealing secrets to the Russians.

Aviary:
Meaning: a large cage or closed space in which birds are kept as pets
Sentence: I have an aviary with 17 birds.

Apiary:
Meaning: a place where people keep bees, especially a collection of hives kept to provide
honey
Sentence: I once visited an apiary where there were numerous cardboard boxes scattered
around.

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Demeane:
Meaning: Unable to find in dictionaries
Sentence: Unable to find in dictionaries

Demean:
Meaning: to cause someone to become less respected
Sentence: The entire family was demeaned by his behavior.

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