Senior High School

NOT

Computer Systems Servicing

Quarter 2
INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING
COMPUTER SYSTEMS (ICCS)

Module 1: Assemble Computer

Hardware

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Lesson ASSEMBLE COMPUTER
HARDWARE
1

I. Multiple Choice. Select the letter of the best answer from among the given
choices.

1. The primary goal of Occupational Health is about:

a. Protecting the safety, health and welfare of people engaged in work
b. Protecting co-workers, family members employers, suppliers, nearby
communities and other members of the public who are influenced by the
workplace environment
c. Protecting the natural environment
d. None of the above.

2. What is a computer?
a. A programmable electronic device that processes data via instructions to output
information for future use.
b. Raw facts and figures that has no meaning processed via a set of instructions.
c. Meaning attached to data letters, pictures, symbols or sounds.
d. All of the above

3. In order to maintain good health standards at the workplace the

following rules must be adhered to:
a. Cleanliness, adequate sanitary facilities, Protection against dangerous
substances
b. Wellness of workers
c. Promoting a positive social climate
d. None of the above

4. What is the best way to avoid tripping at the workplace?

a. Make sure the floor is uneven.
b. Have the floor cleaned extra often.
c. Make sure the workplace is tidy.
d. None of the above.

5. When the task calls for the removal of parts, use .

a. cleaning tools c. loosening and tightening tools
b. marking tools d. measuring tools

6. One of the factors to consider when planning and preparing for the task
in order toavoid accident is .
a. materials c. place
b. safety d. waste disposal

7. Adults, teen, and children around the world are using computers to share publicly their
photos, videos, journals, music, and other personal information.
 8. Computer manufacturing processes and computer waste are depleting natural
resources and polluting the environment.

9. Although computers have improved productivity in many ways and created an entire
industry with hundreds of thousands of new jobs, the skills of millions of workers and
managers have been replaced by computers.

10. Prolonged or improper computer use can lead to injuries or disorders of the hands, wrists,
elbows, eyes, necks, and back.

for nos. 11-15, choose your answers from the box.

A. Place B. Waste Disposal

C. Tools/Equipment D. Safety

E. Procedure/Task

11. An ideal work space in working with computers is something where freedom to move
freely is provided
12. Task-related consumable parts are selected and used according to their
manufacturer’s instructions.
13. Using appropriate tools is important for a technician to provide a competitive and
efficient service.
14. Always be mindful of the safety precautions when working with computers.
Identify what task to perform before identifying materials and tools to

What I Need To Know

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICIES AND

PROCEDURES
During installation and initial test, careful planning and preparation are to be done.
To avoid personal injury and damages to wiring due to sharp pins on connectors and
printed circuit assemblies, rough chassis edges and corners, and hot components.

Adhere to warnings and limitations regarding accessibility into areas

designated only for authorized technical personnel.
 SOME BASIC PRECAUTIONS AND PROCEDURES:

o Before starting the installation, read carefully the documentation and

procedures on any hardware and software settings that may be required.
o Failure to do the proper jumper setting may cause damage to your
CPU.
o Without an effective cooling fan, the CPU can overheat and cause
damage to both CPU and the motherboard.
o Each bank must have the same size and type of memory installed in
pairs.
o Before adding and removing any other system components, make
sure that you unplug your power supply. Failure to do so may cause damage
to your motherboard and in the system component.
o Test the computer, ensuring that it meets the necessary system
requirements before booting up.
o If the computer does not pass any of the power on self-test (POST),
the computer will receive an irregular power on self-test. An irregular POST
is a beep code which is different from the standard beep which can either be
no beeps at all or a combination of different beeps.

EFFECTS OF COMPUTERS
Some effects of computers relating to the violation of privacy, the impact on
the labor force, health risks, and the impact on the environment.

1. Violation of Privacy
Nearly every life event is stored in a computer somewhere--in medical
records, credit reports, tax records, etc. It is crucial that personal and confidential
records be protected properly. In many instances, where these records were not
properly protected, individuals have found their privacy violated and identities
stolen.

2. Impact on Labor Force

Although computers have improved productivity in many ways and created
an entire industry with hundreds of thousands of new jobs, the skills of millions of
workers and managers have been replaced by computers. Thus, it is crucial that
workers keep their education up-to-date. A separate impact on the labor force is that
some companies are outsourcing jobs to foreign countries instead of keeping their
homeland labor force employed.
3. Health Risks
Prolonged or improper computer use can lead to injuries or disorders of the
hands, wrists, elbows, eyes, necks, and back. Computer users can protect
themselves from these health risks through proper workplace design, good posture
while at the computer, and appropriately spaced work breaks. Another health risk,
called computer addiction, occurs when someone becomes obsessed with using the
computer. Once recognized, computer addiction is a treatable disorder.

4. Public Safety
Adults, teen, and children around the world are using computers to share publicly their
photos, videos, journals, music, and other personal information. Some of these unsuspecting,
innocent computer users have fallen victim to crimes committed by dangerous strangers.
Protect yourself and your dependents from these criminals by being cautious. For example, do
not share information that would allow others to identify or locate you.

5. Impact on Environment
Computer manufacturing processes and computer waste are depleting
natural resources and polluting the environment. The amount of resources required
to manufacture a personal computer equals that of a mid-sized car. When
computers are discarded in landfills, they release toxic materials and potentially
dangerous levels of lead, mercury, and flame retardants. Strategies that can help
protect the environment include recycling, regulating manufacturing processes,
extending the life of computers, and immediately donating replaced computer
 What’s In

ACTIVITY 1

A. IDENTFICATION
Direction: Identify the Precautions and Procedures in working with computers.
Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is wrong.

1. Failure to do the proper jumper setting may cause damage to your CPU.
2. After adding and removing any other system components, make sure that
you unplug your power supply.
3. Test the computer, ensuring that it meets the necessary system
requirements before booting up.
4. With an effective cooling fan, the CPU can overheat and cause damage
to both CPU and the motherboard.
5. After starting the installation, read carefully the documentation and
procedures on any hardware and software settings that may be required.

B. MATCHING TYPE

Direction: Select your answer on the choices below that will correspond on the
statement. Write the letter of your answer on your answer sheet.

A. Violation of Privacy
B. Impact on the Environment
C. Public Safety
D. Health Risk
E. Impact on Labor Force

_1. Computer manufacturing processes and computer waste are depleting natural
resources and polluting the environment.
_2. Although computers have improved productivity in many ways and created an
entire industry with hundreds of thousands of new jobs, the skills of millions of workers
and managers have been replaced by computers.
3. It is crucial that personal and confidential records be protected
properly.
4. Adults, teen, and children around the world are using computers to share
publicly their photos, videos, journals, music, and other personal information.
5. Prolonged or improper computer use can lead to injuries or disorders of the
hands, wrists, elbows, eyes, necks, and back.
 What’s More

The following are some factors to be considered when you plan and prepare for the tasks:

1. PLACE. See to it that the place for doing the task is conducive to work, well ventilated,
clean, and has good lighting. A space provided for freedom to move is important. A
place chosen will give you idea on what task is to be done.

2. WASTE DISPOSAL. Used wire or wire strips or other things that can’t be used anymore
must be disposed in proper storage bin or container.

3. TOOLS/EQUIPMENT. Tools and equipment must match with the task to be done.
You should be careful enough to choose tools and equipment that are worthy
of use. They must be in good condition so that it can be easily utilized without
damaging the parts.

A tool is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task

Tools range from a traditional metal cutting part of a machine to an element of a
computer program that activates and controls a particular function.

Preparing for the task to be undertaken includes proper tool selection.

1. How do you select the best tool for the job? First, know and understand
in detail the scope of work to be accomplished, second, plan for the scope
considering the sequence of tasks.
2. Selecting the best tool for each task requires training in the proper use of
the tools, field experience in their safe use, and following the
manufacturer’s guidance and instructions for that specific tool.
3. When obtaining the tool all the associated tooling and consumable parts,
as recommended by the manufacturer, must be included.

In addition, related consumable parts must also be selected and used according to
their manufacturer’s instructions.

4. SAFETY. Always prioritize safety. Remember that accident is not an excusable

incident. It can be avoided. Always remember the motto “Safety first”.

5. PROCEDURE/TASK. Identify what task to perform before identifying materials and

tools to use. The service procedure/task to employ will tell you the
corresponding tools and materials needed. Appropriate tools to use with the
task will enhance your ability to provide a competitive and efficient service .

ASSEMBLING / DISASSEMBLING CRIMPING

 What’s More

ACTIVITY 2
Direction: Identify which factor in planning and preparing for the tasks in Computer
Systems Servicing do each statement describes. Choose from the options in the box.
Write your answers on your answer sheet

Place Safety

Waste Disposal Procedure/Task

Tools/Equipment

_________1. Task-related consumable parts are selected and used according to their
manufacturer’s instructions.
_2. Identify what task to perform before identifying materials and tools to use.
_3. Materials that can’t be used anymore must be disposed in the trash bin.
_4. Always be mindful of the safety precautions when working with computers.
_5. See to it that the place for doing the task is conducive to work, well-
ventilated, clean, and has good lighting.
_6. Tools must be in good condition so that it can be easily utilized without
damaging the parts.
_7. An ideal work space in working with computers is something where freedom
to move freely is provided.
_8. Tools and equipment must match with the task to be done.
_9. Using appropriate tools is important for a technician to provide a competitive
and efficient service.
_10. Before starting with your work, make yourself aware on the locations of the
fire extinguisher and fire exit.
 Information Sheet No. 1.1-3

Basic Hardware Components of Computer System

A computer is an electronic machine, operating under the control of
instructions stored in its own memory, that can be programmed to accept data
(input), process it into useful information (output), and store it away in a
secondary storage device (store) for safekeeping or later reuse. The processing
of input into output is directed by the software but performed by the hardware.
Figure below shows some common computer hardware components.

Common Computer Hardware Components

Computer system hardware components include devices that perform the

functions of input, processing, data storage; output and communication. The
devices responsible for these five areas are as follows:

Input devices. Input devices allow you to enter data or commands in a form that the
computer can use; they send the data or commands to the processing unit.
Commonly used input devices include keyboard, mouse, microphone, scanner,
digital camera, and PC camera.
Output devices. Output devices show people the processed data--information -
-in understandable and useful form. Four commonly used output devices are a
printer, a monitor, speakers, and a portable media player. Input/output devices
are playing an increasingly significant role in our lives. The number and variety of
input/output devices are expanding.

Processing devices. Processing devices are the computer electronic circuitry

housed in the system unit. The processor, formally known as the central
processing unit (CPU), has electronic circuitry that manipulates input data into
the information people want. Computer instructions are actually are executed in
the central processing unit. Memory is a series of electronic elements that
temporarily holds data and program instructions while they are being processed
by the CPU. Both the processor and memory consist of chips. A chip is an
electronic device that contains many microscopic pathways designed to carry
electrical current.
 Storage devices. Storage usually means secondary storage that can store
data and programs outside the computer itself. Storage devices hold data,
information, and programs permanently. Common storage devices include a
hard disk, USB flash drives, CDs, DVDs, and memory cards.

Communications devices. Communications devices provide connections between the computer

and communications networks, and enable computer users to communicate and to exchange data,
information, and programs with other computers. Communications devices transmit these items over
transmission media such as cables, telephone lines, satellites, and cellular radio. A widely used
communications device is a modem.

THE SYSTEM UNIT AND ITS COMPONENTS

Hardware Components Image Description

1. System Unit The main part of a
microcomputer, sometimes
called the chassis. It includes the
following parts: Motherboard,
Microprocessor, Memory Chips,
Buses, Ports, Expansion Slots and
Cards.

2. Motherboard It is the main circuit board of a

/Mainboard/System board computer. It contains all the
circuits and components that
run the computer.
 It is the main “brain” or “heart”
3. CPU (Central Processing Unit) / of a computer system. It
Microprocessor performs all of the instructions
and calculations that are
needed and manages the flow
of information through a
computer.

It is the computer's working

4. Main memory or memory storage space that holds data,
instructions for processing
and processed data
(information) waiting to be
sent to secondary storage.
Physically, primary storage is
a collection of RAM chips.

5. Expansion Bus A bus is a data pathway

between several hardware
components inside or outside
a computer. It connects the
parts of the CPU to each
other and links the CPU with
other important hardware.
6. Adapters Printed-circuit board (also
a. LAN card called interface cards)
b. sound card
c. video card enables the computer to use a
peripheral device for which it
does not have the necessary
a b connections or circuit boards.
They are often used to permit
upgrading to a new different
hardware.

c
7. Power Supply Unit
(PSU) It converts 120vac (standard
house power) into DC voltages
that are used by other
components in the PC. It is
installed in the back corner of
the PC tower case, next to the
motherboard.

8. Hard Disk Drive Also known as hard drive, it is

(HDD) a magnetic storage device
that is installed inside the
computer. The hard drive is
used as permanent storage
for data. In a Windows
computer, the hard drive is
usually configured as the C:
drive and contains the
operating system and
applications.
It is a type of computer disk
9. Optical Drive drive that reads and writes
data from optical disks
through laser beaming
technology.
It allows a user to retrieve,
edit and delete the content
from optical disks such as
CDs, DVDs and Blu-ray disks.

10. CPU Fan and These components help in

Heat sink reducing the heat from the
processor so it will not
shutdown automatically.

11. EIDE (Enhanced It is used to connect EIDE

Integrated Drive type Hard Disk Drive to the
Electronics) data motherboard.
cable
 Information Sheet No. 1.1-5

THE MOTHERBOARD AND ITS PARTS

1. Motherboard - is also called the "System Board," it is the main printed circuit board
in an electronic device, which contains sockets or slots that accept additional
boards.

2. CPU socket - is a portion in the motherboard which holds the CPU (Central Processing
Unit) or simply the processor.

3. Memory(RAM) Slot - is the slot where you will insert the

memory module or memory card. Some motherboard comes
with two to four slots. Aside from the motherboard specification,
looking at the memory slots would help you to know which type
of memory card is compatible.

4. 24-Pin ATX Power Connector - is the portion where you can connect the power supply
unit (PSU) power connector. Motherboards come with different power supply controller.
Old motherboard needs AT power supply unit while new motherboard needs ATX power
supply.
 5. Northbridge Chip Set - handles the data-transfer duties of
memory, CPU, and AGP and to make the most efficient use of
available resources
5

6. Southbridge Chip Set - it provides support for a wide variety of devices with many
differing bus speeds and designs. Control over secondary buses such as USB, IDE, PS/2,
Ethernet is the Southbridge's main role.

7. CMOS or BIOS chip (Complementary Metal Oxide Semi-conductor) is also a chipset

which contains the BIOS (Basic Input Output System). The BIOS is the built-in software
that tells what a computer can do without accessing programs from a disk.

Information Sheet No. 1.1-6

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT

One important thing to consider before executing a well-planned computer

installation is that one must be knowledgeable in the different tools and
equipment’s used in computer systems and networks. Furthermore, the idea on
how these tools and equipment’s are properly used is another important
consideration in installing computer systems.

Hardware Tools/Equipment’s Illustrations

and their Functions
Protective Eyewear

Enclose or protect the eye area in

order to prevent particulates,
infectious fluids, or chemicals from
striking the eyes
 Multi-tester or Multi-meter

A multi-meter or a multi-tester, also

known as a VOM (Volt-Ohm meter), is
an electronic measuring instrument
that combines several measurement
functions in one unit

Pliers (Assorted)

Pliers is a hand tool used to hold objects firmly,

for bending, or physical compression.

Screwdriver

A screwdriver is a tool for driving

screws and often rotating other
machine elements with the mating drive
system

Soldering Gun

A soldering gun is
a tool for soldering metals using tin -
based solder to achieve a highly
conductive contact

Desoldering Tool
Desoldering tools are used for
removing the molten solder so that the
joint may be separated.
Allen Wrench

A hex key, Allen key, or Allen

wrench (also known by various other
synonyms) is a tool of hexagonal
cross-section used to drive bolts and
screws that have a
hexagonal socket in the head (internal
wrenching hexagon drive)
Flashlight
A flashlight (or torch in British
English) is a hand-held portable
electric-powered light source. Usually
the light source is a small
incandescent light bulb or light-
emitting diode (LED)

ommons.wikimedia.org

IC Insertion and Extraction Tool

Used for extracting and inserting BIOS

Chip

Commons.wikimedia.org

Mirror

In hardware servicing a mirror is used

for inspecting the peripherals

Tweezers

Tweezers are tools used for picking up

objects too small to be easily handled
with the human hands
 Antistatic Wrist Strap

An antistatic wrist strap, ESD wrist

strap, or ground bracelet is an antistatic Commons.w edia.org

device used to safely ground a person

working on very sensitive electronic
equipment, to prevent the build-up of
static electricity on their body, which can
result in electrostatic discharge (ESD)

Information Sheet No. 1.1-7

Procedures in Using Computer System Configuration Tools

The subsequent sections below present the various procedures in using
Computer System Configuration Tools:
1. Accessing and using Microsoft System Configuration:
- Click the START button
- In the Search Box, type RUN
- In the Run Window, type msconfig, and press ENTER

2. Accessing and using Regedit:

- Click on START button
- In the Search Box, or Run Window, type the following: regedit and then press
ENTER
Using the Registry Editor
The registry Editor (regedit.exe) is included in Windows to enable you to view and edit
the contents of the Registry. When you open the Registry Editor, you will see a window divided
into two panes. The left side shows a tree with a folder (see structure of Registry above), and
the right side shows the contents (values) of the currently selected folder (key).
➢ To expand a certain branch, click on the little plus sign (+) on the left side of any folder,
or just double click on the folder.
➢ To display the contents of a key (folder), just click the desired key, and look at the
values listed on the right side.
➢ You can add a new key or value by selecting New from the Edit menu.
➢ You can rename any values and almost any key with the same method used to
rename files; right click on an object and click rename, or click on it twice (slowly), or
just press F2 on the keyboard.
➢ Lastly, you can delete a key or any value by clicking it, and pressing DELETE on the
keyboard, or by right-clicking on it, and choosing Delete
3. Accessing and using Direct X Diagnostic
- You can test Microsoft DirectDraw and Direct3D on each monitor attached to your
system. You can also test DirectSound on each wave output device, and DirectMusic
on each music port.
- To run the DirectX diagnostic tool (DX Diagnostic Tools Window of Window XP differs
from Windows 7 but it does the same function):
a. Click on START button, type RUN on the Search Box
b. On the Run Window, type the dxdiag and click OK or press Enter, as shown on
the figure below.
c. Next you will see a new window with various tab.
✓ The System Tab shows information about your computer and displays the version of
Direct X installed on your computer.
✓ The DirectX Files tab shows the file name and the version number of each Direct X
filed installed on your computer. It also shows the file names and version number of
other files that are used by games that are running under DirectX.
✓ The Display tab lists your current display settings and allows you to disable
DirectDraw, Direct3D and AGP Texture Acceleration.

✓ The Sound tab displays your current audio settings and allows you to test
DirectSound. It will tell you if the audio driver are signed, meaning that it has passed
Microsoft’s Window Hardware Quality Labs testing standard.
✓ The Music tab displays your current MIDI settings, and allows you to test the
DirectMusic component of DirectX. Click on the test DirectMusic button to perform the
test. If the DirectX Diagnostic Tool detects a problem with DirectMusic, a warning
message is displayed in the Notes box.

✓ The Input tab lists the input devices connected to your computer such as USB
and PS2 devices. It also displays the input drivers installed on your computer.

✓ The Network tab lists the registered DirectPlay Service Providers. These are the
connection methods that the DirectPlay will operate across.
✓ The More Help tab allows you to further troubleshoot problems that the other tabs
could not resolve.
 Information Sheet No. 1.1-8

Perform BIOS Configuration

BIOS stands for Basic Input Output System. It is also known as the system BIOS. It is
a set of routine programs shared on a chip on the motherboard. The BIOS enables the OS to
talk to the hardware of the computer. A BIOS chip is shown below.

The three subsystems of a BIOS are:

1. ROM BIOS
2. CMOS or BIOS setup
3. Plug-and-Play (PnP) BIOS
BIOS has a Set-up utility stored in the BIOS flash memory. The configured data is
provided with context-sensitive Help and is stored in the system’s battery-backed CMOS
RAM. If the configuration is stored in the CMOS RAM is invalid, the BIOS setting default to
the original state specified at the factory.
The BIOS setup or CMOS setup contains a setup program to configure settings for the
hardware devices. The configuration data is saved to a memory chip called a Complimentary
Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS). The BIOS program usually has the following menu
items:
- Main
- Advanced
- Boot
- Security
- Power
- Exit
Common options that you can make changes to include:
a. System Time/Date – Set the system time and date
b. Boot Sequence – The order that BIOS will try to load the OS
c. Plug and Play – A standard for auto-detecting connected devices; should be set to
“Yes”
d. Mouse/Keyboard – “Enable Num Lock”, “Enable the Keyboard”, “Auto-Detect Mouse”,
etc.
e. Drive Configuration – Configure hard drives, CD-ROM and floppy drives
f. Memory – Direct the BIOS to shadow a specific memory address
g. Security – Set a password for accessing the computer
h. Power Management – Select whether to use power management, as well as set the
amount of time for standby and suspend
The following information are shown at the BIOS Configuration:

• CPU manufacturer name, CPU speed

• RAM manufacturer, RAM speed, number of memory slots
• Hard drive manufacturer, size, type. And number of hard disk controllers
• Optical drive manufacturer and type Common
security features found in the BIOS are:
1. Supervisor Password – this allows access to all settings and user-password
2. User Password – this defines the access level of user to the BIOS setup screen. Four
access levels available are full access, limited access, view-only access and no
access.
3. Data Encryption – sets encryptions of the data on the hard disk. Encryption changes
data into code that cannot be understood by other systems.
4. Lojack – this allows a lost computer to contact an agent in the event that the
computer is lost/stolen. The agent can:
a. Lock the computer remotely
b. Display a message to ask that computer be returned to the owner
c. Delete sensitive data
 d. Locate computer using geotechnology

The BIOS has hardware monitoring features. It collects information on the hardware or of
the motherboard. Some of the information collected include:
1. Temperature of the CPU, if the CPU gets to hot, it might be shut down by the system
2. Temperature of the PSU, if it gets too hot, the system will shut down automatically
3. Speed of the cooling fan, this speed will be adjusted according to the temperature of
the other hardware
4. Voltage of the CPU, if the voltage is too high, the CPU can be damaged
5. Bus speed
Built-in BIOS diagnostics allow you to run tests to identify problem areas. These tests include:

• Start Test – this test checks to see if the main components are working normally. It
should be run when the computer does not boot normally.
• Hard Drive Test – this test checks the hard drive for damaged areas
• Memory Module Test – this test checks the memory modules for normal operation
• Battery Test – this test checks if the battery is in normal operating condition. If it is
not, it should be replaced with a new, working batt