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Starting Out with C++ from Control Structures to Objects, 9e (Gaddis)
Chapter 7 Arrays and Vectors

TRUE/FALSE

1. The amount of memory used by an array depends on the array's data type and the number of elements
in the array.

ANS: T

2. An array initialization must be all on one line.

ANS: F

3. When you pass an array as an argument to a function, the function can modify the contents of the
array.

ANS: T

4. C++ limits the number of array dimensions to two.

ANS: F

5. If you attempt to store data past an array's boundaries, it is guaranteed to cause a compiler error.

ANS: F

6. An individual array element can be processed like any other type of C++ variable.

ANS: T

7. In C++11 you cannot use a range-based for loop to modify the contents of an array unless you
declare the range variable as a reference variable.

ANS: T

8. In C++11 the range-based for loop is best used in situations where you need the element subscript for
some purpose.

ANS: F

9. Although two-dimensional arrays are a novel idea, there is no known way to pass one to a function.

ANS: F

10. Each individual element of an array can be accessed by the array name and the element subscript.
 ANS: T

11. If an array is partially initialized, the uninitialized elements will be set to zero.

ANS: T

12. The following statement is a valid C++ definition:

double money[25.00];

ANS: F

13. Assume array1 and array2 are the names of two arrays. To assign the contents of array2 to
array1, you would use the following statement:
array1 = array2;

ANS: F

14. A vector object automatically expands in size to accommodate the items stored in it.

ANS: T

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Unlike regular variables, __________ can hold multiple values.

a. constants
b. named constants
c. arrays
d. floats
e. None of these
ANS: C

2. The individual values contained in an array are known as

a. parts
b. items
c. constants
d. elements
e. None of these
ANS: D

3. To access an array element, use the array name and the element's ___________.
a. data type
b. subscript
c. value
d. name
e. None of these
ANS: B
4. By using the same ___________ you can build relationships between data stored in two or more
arrays.
a. array name
b. data types
c. subscript
d. arguments
e. None of these
ANS: C

5. The name of an array stores the __________ of the first array element.
a. value
b. memory address
c. element number
d. data type
e. None of these
ANS: B

6. Which of the following is a valid C++ array definition?

a. int nums[0];
b. float $payments[10];
c. void numbers[5];
d. int sizes[10];
e. None of these
ANS: D

7. Which of the following is a valid C++ array definition?

a. int array[0];
b. float $payments[10.23];
c. int numbers[5.6];
d. int scores[25];
e. None of these
ANS: D

8. If you leave out the size declarator in an array definition

a. you must furnish an initialization list
b. you are not required to initialize array elements
c. all array elements default to zero values
d. your array will contain no elements
e. None of these
ANS: A

9. An array can store a group of values, but the values must be

a. the same data type

b. integers and floating-point numbers
c. integers
d. constants
e. None of these
 ANS: A

10. An array's size declarator must be a __________ with a value greater than __________.

a. number, one
b. number, zero
c. constant integer expression, zero
d. variable, -1
e. None of these
ANS: C

11. Subscript numbering in C++

a. can be set at runtime

b. can begin with a value defined by the programmer
c. varies from program to program
d. begins with zero
e. None of these
ANS: D

12. Arrays must be __________ at the time they are __________.

a. sized, executed
b. re-scoped, deleted
c. initialized, declared
d. compiled, typed
e. None of these
ANS: C

13. This following statement shows an example of ___________.

int grades][ ] = {100, 90, 99, 80};
a. default arguments
b. an illegal array declaration
c. an illegal array initialization
d. implicit array sizing
e. None of these
ANS: D

14. Given the following declaration, where is the value 77 stored in the scores array?
int scores[] = {83, 62, 77, 97, 86}
a. scores[0]
b. scores[1]
c. scores[2]
d. scores[3]
e. scores[5]
ANS: C

15. An array can easily be stepped through by using a

a. a for loop
 b. a reference variable
c. an array prototype
d. a null value
e. None of these
ANS: A

16. The range-based for loop in C++11 is designed to work with a built-in variable known as
a. the counter
b. the i variable
c. an iterator
d. the range variable
e. None of these
ANS: D

17. A(n) __________ can be used to specify the starting values of an array.

a. initialization list
b. array name
c. subscript
d. element
e. None of these
ANS: A

18. An array with no elements is

a. legal in C++
b. illegal in C++
c. automatically furnished with one element whose value is set to zero
d. automatically furnished with one element, the null terminator
e. None of these
ANS: B

19. It is _________ to pass an argument to a function that contains an individual array element, such as
scores[3].
a. illegal in C++11
b. legal in C++
c. not recommended by the ANSI committee
d. not good programming practice
e. None of these
ANS: B

20. What is the last legal subscript that can be used with the following array?
int values[5];
a. 0
b. 5
c. 6
d. 4
e. 1
 ANS: D

21. How many elements does the following array have?

int values[1000];
a. 1000
b. 999
c. 1001
d. cannot tell from the code
ANS: A

22. To assign the contents of one array to another, you must use
a. the assignment operator with the array names
b. the equality operator with the array names
c. a loop to assign the elements of one array to the other array
d. Any of these
e. None of these
ANS: C

23. To pass an array as an argument to a function, pass the __________ of the array.
a. contents
b. size, expressed as an integer
c. name
d. value of the first element
e. None of these
ANS: C

24. The __________ is automatically appended to a character array when it is initialized with a string
constant.
a. array name
b. number of elements
c. value of the first element
d. null terminator
e. None of these
ANS: D

25. An array of string objects that will hold five names would be declared with which of the following
statements?
a. string names[5];
b. string names(5);
c. string names 5;
d. String[5] = names;
ANS: A

26. A two-dimensional array can be viewed as

a. rows and columns
b. arguments and parameters
c. increments and decrements
 d. All of these
e. None of these
ANS: A

27. An element of a two-dimensional array is referred to by

a. the array name followed by the column number of the element
b. the row subscript of the element followed by the column subscript of the element
c. a comma followed by a semicolon
d. the row subscript of the element followed by the array name
e. None of these
ANS: B

28. When writing functions that accept multi-dimensional arrays as arguments, __________ must be
explicitly stated in the parameter list.
a. all dimensions
b. all but the first dimension
c. the size declarator of the first dimension
d. all element values
e. None of these
ANS: B

29. A two-dimensional array can have elements of __________ data type(s).

a. one
b. two
c. four
d. any number of
e. None of these
ANS: A

30. A two-dimensional array of characters can contain

a. strings of the same length
b. strings of different lengths
c. uninitialized elements
d. All of these
e. None of these
ANS: D

31. What will the following code display?

int numbers[] = {99, 87, 66, 55, 101};
cout << numbers[3] << endl;
a. 55
b. 66
c. 101
d. 87
ANS: A

32. What will the following code display?

 int numbers[] = {99, 87, 66, 55, 101};
for (int i = 1; i < 4; i++)
cout << numbers[i] << " ";
a. 99 87 66 55 101
b. 87 66 55 101
c. 87 66 55
d. Nothing. This code has an error.
ANS: C

33. What will the following code display?

int numbers[4] = {99, 87};
cout << numbers[3] << endl;
a. 87
b. 0
c. 99
d. garbage
e. This code will not compile
ANS: B

34. What does the following code do?

const int SIZE = 5;
double x[SIZE];
for (int i = 2; i <= SIZE; i++)
{
x[i] = 0.0;
}
a. Each element in the array is initialized to 0.0.
b. Each element in the array except the first is initialized to 0.0.
c. Each element in the array except the first and last is initialized to 0.0.
d. An error will occur when the code runs.
ANS: D

35. Which statement correctly defines a vector object for holding integers?
a. vector v<int>;
b. int vector v;
c. int<vector> v;
d. vector<int> v;
ANS: D

36. Which statement correctly uses C++11 to initalize a vector of ints named n with the values 10
and 20?
a. vector n<int>(10, 20);
b. vector<int> n = {10, 20};
c. vector<int> n {10, 20};
d. int vector n ({10}, {20});
ANS: C
37. What does the following statement do?
vector<int> v(10);
a. It creates a vector object and initializes all its elements to the value 10.
b. It creates a vector object with a starting size of 10.
c. It creates a vector object and initializes the first element with the value 10.
d. It creates a vector object that can only store values of 10 or less.
ANS: B

38. What does the following statement do?

vector<int> v(10, 2);
a. It creates a vector object and initializes the first two elements with the values 10 and
2.
b. It creates a vector object with a starting size of 2 and initializes the first element with
the value 10.
c. It creates a vector object with a starting size of 10 and initializes the first element
with the value 2.
d. It creates a vector object with a starting size of 10 and initializes all the elements with
the value 2.
ANS: D

39. This vector function is used to insert an item into a vector.

a. insert_item
b. add_item
c. store
d. push_back
ANS: D

40. This vector function removes an item from a vector.

a. remove_item
b. delete_item
c. erase
d. pop_back
ANS: D

41. This vector function returns the number of elements in a vector.

a. size
b. num_elements
c. elements
d. length
ANS: A

42. This vector function returns true if the vector has no elements.
a. has_no_elements
b. null_size
c. empty
 d. is_empty
ANS: C

43. What will the following C++11 code display?

vector<int> numbers {3, 5};
for (int val : numbers)
cout << val << endl;
a. 5
5
5
b. 3
3
3
3
3
c. 3
5
d. Nothing. This code has an error.
ANS: C
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
 Fastolf’s College 82.4

1470
AUG. 27

‘4. John Paston, Squier, bindes himself to doe true and faithfull
service to the Bishop of Winton, and to be ayding to his college
and other his officers and tenants, for the landes of Sir John
Falstolf, and to deliver to him all deedes, evidences, etc., except
such as concerne the manor of Castre. Aug. 27, Edw. IV. 10.’
82.4This entry is from the same old index of deeds in Magdalen
College, Oxford, referred to in previous Nos.

758
EDWARD IV. TO WILLIAM SWAN 83.1

To oure welbelovid William Swan, Gentilman.

R. E.

By the King.
1470
SEPT. 7

T
RUSTY and welbeloved, we grete you well. And for soo
muche as we be credibly acertayned that our auncient
ennemyes of Fraunce and our outward rebells and
traitors be drawe to gadre in acorde, and entende hastily to
lande in our countre of Kent, or in the parties therof ner
adjonyng, with grete might and power of Frenshemen, utterly to
destroie us and our true subgietts, and to subverte the comon
wele of the same our royalme: We straitly charge and
commaunde you, upon the feyth and liegeaunce that ye bare
unto us, that ye arredie you with alle the felaship ye can make,
and as sone as ye may undrestonde that thay lande in our said
countie or nerbye, that you draw thider, as we have comaunded
othere our subgietts to doo, and put you in uttremost devoir
with thaim to resiste the malice of our said ennemyes and
traitours; and if thai and ye be not of power soo to doo, that
thanne ye drawe you to our citie of London, by which tyme we
trust to be there in our owne personne or nerby; and if we be
not that, that thanne ye do farther all ye shal bee commaunded
by our Counsail there, upon the payne above said.
Yeven undre oure signet at oure citie of York, the vij. day of
Septembr.
83.1 [From Fenn, iv. 438.] This letter does not properly belong to the
Paston correspondence. It was copied by Fenn from an original in
the library of Brigg Price Fountaine, Esq. of Narford, in Norfolk,
nephew and heir of the celebrated antiquary, Sir Andrew Fountaine.
The MS. was contained in a volume of State Papers, some of them
originals, and some copies, of various dates, which had belonged to
Sir Edward Coke.
The date of the document is undoubtedly in September 1470, when
Edward was at York, anticipating the invasion of Clarence and the
Earl of Warwick, aided by the King of France.
 THE PASTON LETTERS
Henry VI. Restored

759
JOHN PASTON TO MARGARET PASTON 84.1

To my ryght worchipfull Modyr, Margaret Paston, be

thys delyuered.
1470
OCT. 12

A
FTYR humbyll and most dew recommendacyon, as lowly as
I can, I beseche yow of yowr blyssyng. Plesyt yow to wet
that, blyssyd be God, my brodyr and I be in good hele;
and I tryst that we shall do ryght well in all owyr maters hastyly;
ffor my Lady of Norff. 84.2 hathe promyssyd to be rewlyd by my
Lord of Oxynforthe 84.3 in all syche maters as belonge to my
brodyr and to me; and as for my Lord of Oxynforthe, he is
bettyr Lord to me, by my trowthe, than I can wyshe hym in
many maters; for he sente to my Lady of Norff. by John Bernard
only for my mater, and for non othyr cause, my onwetyng [i.e.
without my knowledge], or wythout eny preyer of me, for when
he sente to hyr I was at London, and he at Colchestyr, and that
is a lyeklyod he remembyrthe me.
The Dwk and the Dwchess swe to hym as humbylly as evyr I
dyd to them; in so myche that my Lord of Oxynforth shall have
the rwyll of them and thers, by ther owne desyirs and gret
meanys.
As for the ofyces that ye wrot to my brodyr for and to me, they
be for no poore men; but I tryst we shall sped of othyr ofyseys
metly for us, for my Mastyr the Erle of Oxynforthe bydeth me
axe and have. I trow my brodyr Syr John shall have the
Constabyllshep of Norwyche Castyll, with xxli. of ffee; all the
Lordys be agreyd to it.
Tydyngs, the Erle of Wyrcestyr 85.1 is lyek to dye this day, or to
morow at the ferthest. John Pylkyngton, Mr. W. att Clyff, and
Fowler ar takyn, and in the Castyll of Pomfrett, and ar lyek to
dye hastyly, with owte they be dead. Sir T. Mongomere and
Joudone be takyn; what shall falle of hem I can not sey.
The Qwen 85.2 that was, and the Dwchess of Bedford, 85.3 be in
seyntuary at Westmestyr; the Bysheop of Ely 85.4 with othyr
Bysheopys ar in Seynt Martyns. When I here more, I shall send
yow more. I prey God send yow all your desyrs. Wretyn at
London on Seynt Edwards Evyn.
Your sone and humbyll servant,
J. P.
Modyr, I beseche yow that Brome may be spoken to, to gadyr
up my syllvyr at Gwton in all hast possybyll, for I have no mony.
Also that it lyek yow that John Mylsent may be spoken to, to kep
well my grey horse, and he be alyve, and that he spare no met
on hym, and that he have konnyng lechys to look to hym. As for
my comyng hom, I knowe no serteynte, for I terry tyll my Lady
of Norff. com to go thorow with the maters, and she shall not be
here tyll Sonday.
 84.1 [From Fenn, ii. 50.] The contents of this letter clearly refer to
the state of matters on the restoration of Henry VI.
84.2 Elizabeth, daughter of John Talbot, first Earl of Shrewsbury, was
the wife of John Mowbray, fifth Duke of Norfolk.
84.3 John de Vere, a staunch Lancastrian.

85.1 John Tiptoft, Lord Treasurer and Chief-Constable of England. He

was beheaded on a charge of cruelty, 18th October 1470.
85.2 Elizabeth Woodville, Queen of Edward IV.
85.3 Jaquetta of Luxemburg, Duchess-Dowager of Bedford, widow of
Sir Richard Woodville, the mother of Edward’s queen.
85.4 William Gray.

760
THE DUKE OF SUFFOLK’S MEN 86.1

To the Baillies, Constables, and Chamberleyns of our

Burgh of Eye, and to everch of them.
The Duke of Suff.
1470
OCT. 22

F
OR asmuche as Edmond Lee and John Barker, which were
waged for your town to awaite upon us in the Kings
service to Lincolne Feld, and from thens to Excestre and
ayen, and for that season, as we be enfourmed, thei ar not yet
fully contented and paied of their wages; wherfore upon the
sighte herof we woll and charge that ye, with oute any lenger
delay, paie them their hooll duties acording the covenants that
ye made with them, and ye faille not herof as ye entende our
pleaser.
Wreten at Wyngefeld, the xxijth day of Octobr.
 Suffolk.
86.1[From Fenn, iv. 448.] The battle here referred to as ‘Lincoln
Field’ is what is commonly called the battle of Stamford, in which
the insurrection of Sir Robert Welles in Lincolnshire was completely
defeated in March 1470. Just before the date of this document,
Edward IV. had left the kingdom, and Henry VI. had been restored;
but perhaps Suffolk was not aware of the situation, or did not
recognise it.

761
MARGARET PASTON TO [JOHN PASTON] 86.2

1470
OCT. 28

I
GRETE you wele and send you Goddis blyssyng and myn,
and I sende you be the berere herof all the sylver vessell
that your graundam 86.3 makyth so mych of, which she seid
I had of myn husband, and myn husband shuld have had it of
his fader. And wher as she seid that I shuld have had a garneys,
I had ner see never more than I send you, that is to say, ij.
plateris, vj. dysshes and vj. sawceris. The ij. playteris weyn xliij.
unces di., and the vj. dysshes weyn lxxiiij. unces di. and the
sawcers weyn xvij. unces j. quarter. And I marvayll that ye sent
me not word what an unce of sylver is werth at London; for it
had be lesse joparte to have sold it here and have sent you the
money than the plate. I myght have sold it her for iijs. an unce,
sum xxli. iiijs. iijd. Be ware how that ye spend it, but in
acquityng you ageyn such as ye be in daunger to, or abought
the good speed of your materis; for, but if ye take odere heed to
your expensis, ye shall do your self and your frendis gret
diswurchep and enpoveryssh so them that non of us shall help
other, to owr elmys [enemies’] grete comfort. It is understand
ryght now in this countre be such as cleyme to be frendly to you
in what grete daunger and nede ye stande in, bothe to diverse
of your frendis and to your elmyse. And also it is noysed that I
have departed so largely with you that I may nowthere help
yow, my self nor none of my frendis; which is no wurchep, and
causeth me to set the lesse be us; and at this tyme it compellith
me to breke up howshold and to sogeorn; which I am right loth
to have to do if I myght otherwyse have chosyn; for it caused
gret clamour in this town 87.1 that I shall do so; and it shuld not
have neded if I had restreyned whan I myght. Therfore for
Goddis sake take hede here to, and be ware from hens forth; for
I have delivered and sent you bothyn my parte the dedis and
yowris, and not restreyned nowthere for my self nor the dede.
Where fore I thynk we spede and fare all the wers; for it is a
fowle slaunder that he was so wurchepful beried and his
qwethword not performed, and so litill do for hym sithen. And
now though I wold do for hym, I have right not [naught] beside
my lyffelode that I may make any chevysans with, with ought
grete slaunder; and my lyffelode encreasith evill, for I am fayn
to takyn Mautby in myn owyn hand, and to set up husbandry
ther; and how it shall profite me God knowyth. The fermour
owyth me lxxxli. and more. Whan I shall have it I wete never.
Therfore be never the bolder in your expenses for any help ye
trust to have of me. For I will fro hens forth bryng my self ought
of such daunger as I stand in for your sakes, and do for the
dede and for them that I have my goodis of; for till I do so,
I know for certeyn that I shall fayll grace and displeas God, How
[who] have you in His kepyng. Wretyn on Sent Symondis day
and Judes in hast.—Be your Moder.
Item, I send zow ij. sherte clothys, iche of iii. zardis of the
fynest that is in thys towne. I xuld a dohem mad here 88.1 but
that xuld a be to long here [ere] ze xuld a had hem. Zour
Awnte 88.2 or sum other good woman wule do her almes up on
zow for the makyng of them. I thank zow for the gowne that ye
gave me Halowmesse day I hope [I 88.3] xole be wurshuped ther
 with. At reverence of God, be ware and take hed to soche
thynggis as is wretyn with ynne thys letter. Telle your brother
that the mony is not zet cownyd that I xuld send hym for
thersarsenet (sic) and damaske that I spake to hym foor. As for
the damaske that may be forebore tylle the nexte terme, but as
for the sarsenet I woold have yt and yt mythe be, for I goo in
my rentis. Late zour brothere 88.4 see thys letter. As fore your
syster 88.5 I can send zow no good tydyngges of her, God make
her a good wooman.
86.2 [Add. MS. 34,889, f. 206.] This letter was written by Margaret
Paston to one of her two sons, Sir John or John, at a time when
they were both together. That was the case in October 1470, as
appears by a letter of the younger brother, written on the 12th
(No. 759), to the postscript of which this seems to be an answer.
86.3 Agnes Paston, the judge’s widow.
87.1 Norwich.
88.1 ‘I xuld a dohem mad here’ = I should have got them made
here.
88.2 Elizabeth, widow of Robert Poynings.

88.3 Omitted in MS.

88.4 Sir John Paston, if this letter be to the younger brother.
88.5 Margery Paston, now probably married to Richard Calle.

762
SIR JOHN PASTON TO JOHN PASTON 88.6

To John Paston, Esquyere, in haste.

1470
NOV. 15

ROTHER, I comand me to yow, praying yow that thys be yow

guydyng, if other folkys wy[ll] agree to the same, that Mr. Roos,
B
olde Knevett, ye, and the worshypfullest that wyll do for
owr sake, as Arblaster, John Gyneye, Wodhows, and al
other gentelmen that at the daye wyll be in Norwyche,
that ye all holl as on bodye come to geder, that my Lorde of
Oxenforde maye ondrestande that som strenkethethe restyth
ther by, whyche if it be well handely[d] and prove in the
handely[ng], I trow Heydonnes parte woll be but an easy
comparyson. Neverthelesse ye than most ye be war of on [one]
payn, and that is thys: Heydon wyll of crafte sende amonge yow
per case vj. or mor with harneyse for to sclandre yowr
felawschep, with seyng that they be ryotous peple, and natt of
substance. Requer the gentelmen above wretyn that if any men
be in Norwyche of the contre that ber any suche harneyse, to do
them leve it or any glysteryng byll.
The Meyr and siteseynes of Nowyche wher wonte to have
asertayne 89.1 in harneyse of men of the town to the nombr of ij.
or iij. or v.c., whyche if they now do in lyke case, those wole owe
better wyll to Mr. Roos and yow than to other folkys; and if it be
so that the thowt nat to have non suche at thys tyme, I thynke
the Meyr woll do it at the request of Mr. Roos and yow, if lak of
tyme cawse it not.
Item, be well war of Clopton, for he hathe avysed my Lorde to
be all to gydre rewled by Heydon, in so moche he hathe
reportyd that all thyng and all materys of my Lordes, and in all
the contre, scholde guydyd by Heydon. If Clopton or Hygham or
Lowes John be besy, prese in to my Lorde byfor them, for the be
no Suff. 89.2 materys, and tell the raylyng; prayng them not to
cawse my Lorde to owe hys favor for the pleser to som folkys
ther present. For if my Lorde favoryd or theye owther, by
lykelyed my Lorde and they myght lose vj. tyme as many
frendes as he scholde wynn by ther meanes. Also if ye cowde
fynde the meanes, Mr. R. and ye, to cawse [the] Meyr in my
Lordes ere to telle hym, thow he scholde bynde my Lorde to
concell, that the love of the contre and syte restyth on owr syde,
and that other folkys be not belovyd, ner nevyr wer, thys wolde
do nonn harme, if it be soo that all thynge go olyver currant
(?); with mor to remembre that ther is owt of that contre that
be nat at Norw. besyde me, that be ryght worshypfull, and as
worshypfull as few be lengyng to Norff., that woll and schall do
my Lorde servyse the rather for my sake and Master Rossys,
and the rather if my Lorde semyth nat moche thynge to Heydon
guydyng.
Also, the godely menes wherby ye best can entrete my cosyn Sir
W. Calthorpe at the seyde day, wse them to cawe hym, if itt wyll
be, to come, ye in hys companye, and he in yow in cheff at yow
cheff schew, and Mr. Roos and he in company, latyng my seyde
cosyn wete that I tolde hym ones that I scholde meve hym of a
thyng I trostyn scholde be encressyng bothe to hys honor and
well.
I sende yow a lettyr, com to Norwyche by lyklyed to yow on
Monday last past. It come some what the lattre, for I wende
have dyed nat longe by foer it. Also I receyved on from yow by
Mr. Blomvyle yister evyn. Tell my cosyn W. Yelverton that he
may not appyr of a whylle in no wyse. I trow my cosyn hys fadr
schall sende hym worde of the same. Do that ye can secretly
that my Lorde be nat hevy Lorde on to hym. It is undrestande
that itt is doon by the craffte of Heydon. He gate hym in to that
offyce to have to be ageyn me, and nowe he sethe that he
hathe don all that he can ageyn me, and now may doo no mor;
nowe he wolde remeve hym. The daye is comen that he fastyd
the evyn for, as an holye yonge monke fastyd mor than all the
covent, aftr that for hys holynesse and fastyng hopyd to be
abbott, whyche afterwarde was abbott; than lefte he hys
abstynens, seyng, ‘The daye was come that he fast the evyn for.’
Brother, I pray yow recomand me to my Lord of Oxford gode
Lordshyp. And wher as I told my Lord that I shuld have awayted
uppon hys Lordsyp in Norff., I wold that I myght soo have don
lever then a hundred li.; but in godefeth thos maters that I told
my Lord trewed shold lette me war not fynyshed tyl yesterday.
Wherfor yf that cause, and also syn Halowmasse every other
day myst not hold uppe myn heed, nor yet may, in semech that
sythen the seyd day, in Westminster Halle and in other place,
I have goon with a staffe as a goste, as men sayd, more lyke
that I rose owte of the erth then owte of a fayr laydys bedd;
and yet am in lyke case, savyng I am in gode hope to amende.
Wherfor I beshyche hys Lordshyp to pardon me, and at a nother
tyme I shall make dobell amends; for by my trouth a man
cowyd not have hyred me for v. mark with so gode will to have
ryden in to Norff. as to have at thys season ther to have
awaytyd in hys Lordshyp, and also I wold have ben glad for my
Lord shold have knowyn what servys that I myght have don hys
Lordshyp in that contray.
Item, your geer ys send to you, as Thomas Stampes sayth,
savyng Mylsents geer and the shafeson, 91.1 whych I cannot
entrete Thomas Stampes to goo therfor thys iij. or iiij. days,
wherfor I knokkyd hym on the crowne, &c.
Item, loke that ye take hyde that the letter wer not broken or
that it com to your hands, &c. Wryten at London, on Thursday
next after Seynt Erkenwolds Day, &c.
John Paston, K.
88.6 [From Fenn, iv. 450.] From what is said in this letter about the
Earl of Oxford, it is impossible that it could have been written at any
other time than during the brief restoration of Henry VI., which only
lasted from October 1470 till April following.
89.1 A certain, i.e. a number.
89.2 I retain this word in the abbreviated form in which it is printed
in Fenn’s literal transcript; the copy in modern spelling reads
sufficient.
91.1Chevron, a covering for a horse’s head, made of iron and
leather.

if it be soo that all thynge go olyver currant (?)

text has “that that”: corrected from Fenn
 “olyver currant” may be the Old French (avoir)
l’olivier courant (to have a favorable wind)

763
ABSTRACT 91.2

1470
DEC. 6

[1470] 6 Dec., on paper. Notice in English from the Duke of

Norfolk to Philippe Cosard, William Dux, and other of his
servants and tenants in the counties of Norfolk and Suffolk, to
depart out of the manor of Castre, and all other manors and
lands which he bought of Sir W. Yelverton and other executors
of Sir J. Fastolf, as soon as they can conveniently remove all his
stuff and their own which is therein, he having consented, at the
desire of the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Chancellor of
England, and the Bishop of Winchester, to give up the said
manor, etc. Signed by the Duke, ‘Norff.’ Small seal of arms, three
lions passant, in chief, a label of three points, a straw round the
seal.
The following abstract is taken from Mr. Macray’s Report on the
91.2
Documents in Magdalen College, Oxford, already referred to.

764
ABSTRACT 92.1
 1470
DEC. 11

1470, 11 Dec., 49 Hen. VI., ‘and of the readepcion of his roiall

power 1.’ Release (in English) from John, Duke of Norfolk, to
Bishop Wayneflete, of the manors of Castre, Wyntertone,
Baytone, Bastwik, and Tolthorpe, in Norfolk, and of Caldecote,
Burneviles or Burnegyles, in Suffolk, which had been sold to him
by Nicholas, Abbot of Langle, Will. Yelverton, Knight, Justice,
Thomas Howes, clerk, and Will. Worcetre, and of which the said
Yelverton, Howes, and Will. Jenney, as feoffees, with others, for
Sir J. Fastolf, of the said manors, enfeoffed the said Duke and
others by deed, dated 1st. Oct., 8 Edw. IV. [1468], the said Duke
being informed by the Archbishops of York and Canterbury, and
by the said Bishop of Winchester, that the said bargain was
made contrary to the will of the said Sir John Fastolf. Covenants
also to deliver up all evidences concerning the same, specially
the said deed of feoffment and two papers, one with four seals
specifying the said bargain, and another with three seals
specifying a license to enter on all Fastolf’s manors till the
bargain be performed. And for this reconveyance the said
Bishop pays to the said Duke 500 marks.
This abstract is also taken from Mr. Macray’s Report on the
92.1
Documents in Magdalen College.

765
ABSTRACT 92.2

1470
DEC. 24
1470, 24 Dec., 49 Hen. VI., ‘and of the readepcione of his royall
power, the first.’ Acknowledgment by ‘the highe and myghti
Prynce, John, Duke of Norff.,’ of the receipt of 100 marks from
the Bishop of Winchester, being part of 250 marks which the
said Bishop has promised to pay upon knowledge of the delivery
of the manor of Castre, and other lordships specified in a writing
between the said parties, unto the feoffees of the said Bishop.
92.2 This abstract is from the same report as the two last.

766
MARGARET PASTON TO JOHN PASTON 93.1

To John Paston the yonger, be this delivered in hast.

1470(?)
DEC. [28]

I
GRETE you wele, and send you Godds blyssyng and myn,
latyng you wete that sith ye departed my Cosyn Calthorp
sent me a letter, compleyning in his wrytyng that for
asmych as he can not be payd of his tenaunts as he hat be
befor this tyme, he purposith to lesse his howshold, and to leve
the streytlyer. Wharfor he desireth me to purvey for your suster
Anne; he seth she waxeth hygh, and it wer tyme to purvey her a
mariage.
I marveyll what causeth hym to write so now; outher she hath
displeased hym, or ell[es] he hath takyn her with diffaught.
Therfor I pray you comune with my Cosyn Clere at London, and
wete how he is dysposyd to her ward, and send me word, for I
shall be fayn to send for her, and with me she shall but lese her
tyme, and with ought she wull be the better occupied she shall
oftyn tymes meve me, and put me in gret inquietenesse.
Remembr what labour I had with your suster, therfor do your
parte to help her forth, that may be to your wurchiep and myn.
Item, remembr the bill that I spake to you of, to gete of your
brother of such money as he hath receyvid of me sith your
faders disseas. Se your Unkyll Mautby, if ye may, and send me
sume tydyngs as sonee as ye may. God kepe you.
Wretyn the Fryday next befor Sent Thomas of Caunterbury, in
hast. By your Moder.
93.1[From Fenn, iv. 288.] This letter was probably written in or
about the year 1470. Anne Paston, the sister of John Paston, here
mentioned, was married to William Yelverton, a grandson of the
Judge, in 1474 (Itin. W. Wyrc. 369), and the match had been
already determined (as will appear in a future letter) before June
1472. At the date of this letter she was still staying in Calthorpe’s
household, into which, after the manner of the times, she had been
sent for her education; and Calthorpe desiring to reduce his
establishment, suggested, somewhat earlier than her mother
anticipated, that it was time to provide a husband for her.

767
ABSTRACT 94.1

1471
FEB. 12

Norfolk and Suffolk Deeds, No. 50. ‘John Paston, Knight, binds
himself to performe all appoyntments made betweene him and
W. Wanflet, Byshop of Winton, concerning certayne landes
which were Sir John Fastolfes. Feb. 12, Hen. VI. 49.’
94.1 [From MS. Index in Magd. Coll., Oxford.]
 768
ABSTRACT 94.2

1471
FEB. 14

Release by John Beauchamp, Knight, Lord Beauchamp, to John

Paston and Roger Townesend, Esqs., of his interest in the
manors of Castre called Redhams, Vaus, and Bosoms; and in the
manors of Begviles in Wyntirton, Spensers in Heryngby, Reppes
in Bastwyk, and a third part of the manor of Runham; and in all
lands called Billes in Stokesby, Cattes in Haringby, a messuage
called Dengayns in Yarmouth, and all lands and tenements in
the hundreds of East Flegge and West Flegge in Norfolk; which
premises Lord Beauchamp lately had in conjunction with
Thomas, Archbishop of Canterbury, William Yelverton, Justice,
William Jenney, Serjeant-at-law, and William Paston, now
surviving, and John Radclyff of Attylburgh, John Paston, Hen.
Fylongley, Esqs., Thomas Howes, clerk, and Thomas Grene, now
deceased, of the gift and feoffment of Ralph Boteler, Knight,
Lord Sudeley, Sir William Oldhall, Ric. Waller, Esq., Thos. West,
Esq., William Wangford, and Nich. Girlyngton.
Dated 14th Feb., 49 and 1 Hen. VI.

94.2 [From a MS. in the Bodleian Library.]

769
THE EARL OF OXFORD TO THOMAS VERE 94.3

To my right dere and welbeloved brother, Thomas Veer.

 1471
MARCH 14

R
IGHT dere and welbeloved brother, I command me hertly
unto you; certyfying you that I have receyved your
writing, directed now laste unto me, by my servant
William Cooke, by which I understande the faithfull gwydyng
and disposicion of the cuntre, to my gret cumfote and pleaser;
which I dowbte not shall redunde to the grethest presyng and
worship that ever dide till eny cuntre; certyfying you ferdermore
that by Nicheson of your other tydyngs laste send unto me; also
thes by Robt. Porter. I have disposed me with all the power that
I can make in Essex and Suffolk, Cambrygeshire, and other
places, to be on Monday next comyng at Bury, which purpose I
intende to observe, with Godds grace, towards you in to
Norffolk, to the assistence of you and the cuntre, in case
Edwarde with his companye had aryved ther, and yete I shall do
the same noughtwithstandyng; for if he aryve northwarde, like
as ye wete by likelyhode he shulde, I caste to folow and porsew
hym. And where ye desire that I shulde send you woorde what
disposicion shalbe take in the cuntre wher ye be, I desire you
that ye, by theadvyse of the gentilmen which ben there, chese
iij. or iiij., and send theym to me at Bury on Monday next; and
than I and they, with my Counceyle, shall take a direccion for
the suretie of all that cuntre, by Godds grace; by whome I shall
send than to you relacion, wheder ye shall remayne still ther
your selff, or resorte to me with all thos that be accompanyed
with you. And Jhesu preserve you. At Hithingham [Hedingham],
the xiiij. day of Marche. By your lovyng brothyr,
Oxynford.
94.3[From Fenn, ii. 54.] It is sufficiently apparent from the contents
that this was written during the restoration of Henry VI., and in
anticipation of the attempt by King Edward, which was very soon
afterwards successful, to recover his throne. Edward in fact landed
at Ravenspur the very day this letter was written.
 770
THE EARL OF OXFORD TO HENRY SPILMAN AND
OTHERS 95.1

To my right trusty and welbelovyd Henry Spilman,

Thos. Seyve, John Seyve, James Radclif, John
Brampton the older, and to eche of them.
1471
MARCH 19

T
RUSTY and welbeloved, I comende me to you, lettyng you
witte that I have credible tydyngs that the Kyngs gret
enemys and rebellis, acompanyed with enemys
estraungers, be nowe aryved, and landyd in the north parties of
this his land, to the utter destruction of his roiall persone, and
subversion of all his realm, if they myght atayne; whom to
encountre and resiste the Kings Highnesse hath comaunded and
assigned me, under his seall, sufficient power and auctorite to
call, reyse, gader, and assemble, fro tyme to tyme, all his liege
people of the shire of Norff., and other places, to assiste, ayde,
and strenght me in the same entent.
Wherfor, in the Kyngs name, and by auctorite aforesaid, I straitly
charge and command you, and in my owne byhalf hertly desire
and pray you, that, all excuses leid apart, ye, and eche of you in
your owne persones defensibly araied, with asmony men as ye
may goodly make, be on Fryday next comyng at Lynne, and so
forth to Newark, where, with the leve of God, I shall not faile to
be at that tyme; entendyng fro thence to goo foorth with the
help of God, you, and my fryndes, to the recountr of the said
enemyes; and that ye faill not hereof, as ye tendre the weele of
our said sovereygne Lord, and all this his realme. Written at
Bury, the xixth day of Marche. Oxynford.
 95.1[From Fenn, ii. 58.] This letter was evidently written five days
after the last.

771
JAMES GRESHAM TO SIR JOHN PASTON 96.1

To the right worshipfull and speciall singler maister, Sir

John Paston, Knyght, be this delyvered.
1471

A
FTER due recomendacion hadde with all my service, &c. .
. . . . . 96.2
As for tydyngs, here in this cuntre be many tales, and
non accorth with other. It is tolde me by the Undirshireve that
my Lord of Clarence is goon to his brother, late Kyng; in so
moche that his men have the Gorget 96.3 on their breests, and
the Rose over it. And it is seid that the Lord Howard hath
proclamed Kyng E. Kyng of Inglond in Suff., &c.
Yours, and at your comandement,
James Gresham.
96.1 [From Fenn, ii. 60.] The political news in this letter show that it
was written after the landing of Edward IV. in Yorkshire.
96.2 ‘Here,’ according to Fenn, ‘follow copies of indictments and
appeals procured against Sir John Paston and his servants; and
likewise other law business.’ The indictments and appeals in
question are doubtless those referred to in the next No.
96.3 A collar worn round the neck.—F.
 772
ABSTRACT 97.1

A Register of Writs, etc., which was probably sent with the

preceding letter. It is addressed on the back, ‘To Sir John
Paston,’ and endorsed ‘James Gresham.’

Distringas against Sir John Paston, late of Castre, for his

appearance in the King’s Bench, Easter, 8 Edw. IV. ‘Per Contr. de
Anno viijo E. iiijti. Ro. xxviij. 97.2 Vynter.’
Distringas against Sir John Paston and Ric. Calle, late of Castre,
with capias against William Wykes, late of Castre; Edmund
Brome, late of Redeham; and John Dawebeney, late of Castre;
Thurstan Cokesson, alias Starky, late of Castre; John Pampyng,
late of Castre; and Henry Swete, late of Castre, yeoman, for
their appearance in the King’s Bench in Easter to answer for
offences against the statute de ingressibus manu forti. ‘Per
Contr’ de Anno viijo E. iiijti. Ro. xxviij. Vynter.’
‘Of these ij. writtes ar supersedeas delyvered to the
Undirshirreve.’
Writ of exigent against John Pampyng, late of Castre, gent., and
Edmund Brome of Castre, gent., ‘Oct’ Joh’is,’ appealed by
Cecilia, widow of John Colman, as principals in the death of her
husband. Ro. 67. ‘Breve istud deliberatur de recordo, Hill. xlix.
Sonde.’
Another writ of exigent against Pampyng and Brome at the
King’s suit for divers felonies and murders. ‘Ro. xvj. Per Contr’
de Anno xo E. iiijti. Ro. xijo Vynter.’
Distringas against Sir John Paston and Ric. Calle for their
appearance in the King’s Bench in Easter term, on an indictment
for forcible entry. ‘Per Contr’ de Anno viijo E. iiijti. Ro. xxix.’
Distringas against Sir John Paston and Ric. Calle, with capias
against John Wykes, late of Castre, Edmund Brome, John
Dawebeney, and Thurstan Cokesson, alias Starky, late of Castre,
for their appearance in the King’s Bench in Easter term, on an
indictment of forcible entry. ‘Per Contr’ de Anno viij. E. iiijti. Ro.
xxviij. Vynter.’
Distringas against Sir John Paston and Ric. Calle, with capias
against John Wykes, Edmund Brome, John Dawebeney, and
Thurstan, etc., for Easter. ‘Per Contr. de Anno viij. Ro. xxviij.
Vynter.’
Capias against John Pampyng, late of Castre, Edmund Brome,
late of Redeham, William Bedford and Edmund Mason, late of
Bychamwelle, laborer, and Alex. Cok of Norwich, yeoman, ‘xv.
Pasch.,’ appealed by Christiana, widow of Thos. Mylys, in Easter
term, as principals in the death of her husband. Also capias
against William Paston of Norwich and Ralph Lovell of
Bychamwelle, gent., appealed as accessaries. Ro. lxix. Registrum
Sonde.’
⁂ All the above writs are for the county of Norfolk.

97.1 [From Paston MSS., B.M.]

97.2 The Controlment Roll 8 Edw. IV. is now missing.

773
ABSTRACT 98.1

1471
APRIL 10

‘30. Relaxatio Johannis Paston facta episc. Winton, et aliis totius

juris in maneriis vocat. Akethorp in Leyestoft, Spitlings in
Gorleston, Habland in Bradwell, etc., quæ quondam fuerunt
Johannis Fastolf.—April 10, Edw. IV. 11.’
98.1This is another entry from the old index of deeds in Magdalen
College, Oxford. There is probably some slight error in the date, as
Edward IV. was not acknowledged as King on the 10th April, in what
would otherwise have been the eleventh year of his reign. He was
so acknowledged a few days later—i.e. after the battle of Barnet,
which was fought on the 14th April—so that if the date had been,
say, April 20, instead of April 10, it would have been quite
consistent. It is impossible, however, to say where the error lies, so
we place the document under the date actually expressed in it.
 THE PASTON LETTERS
Edward IV.

774
SIR JOHN PASTON TO MARGARET PASTON 99.1

To my Moodre.
1471
APRIL 18

M
OODRE, I recomande me to yow, letyng yow wette that,
blyssed be God, my brother John is a lyffe and farethe
well, and in no perell off dethe. Never the lesse he is
hurt with an arow on hys ryght arme, be nethe the elbow; and I
have sent hym a serjon, whyche hathe dressid hym, and he
tellythe me that he trustythe that he schall be all holl with in
ryght schort tyme. It is so that John Mylsent is ded, God have
mercy on hys sowle! and Wylliam Mylsent is on lyffe, and hys
other servants all be askepyd by all lyklihod.
Item, as ffor me, I ame in good case, blyssyd be God; and in no
joparte off my lyffe, as me lyst my self; for I am at my lyberte iff
nede bee.
Item, my Lorde Archebysshop 99.2 is in the Towr; neverthelesse I
trust to God that he schall do well i noghe; he hathe a saffe
garde for hym and me bothe. Neverthelesse we have ben
troblyd syns, but nowe I undrestande that he hathe a pardon;
and so we hope well.
Ther was kyllyd uppon the ffelde, halffe a myle ffrom Bernett,
on Esterne Daye, the Erle of Warwyk, the Marqweys Montacu,
Sir William Terrell, 100.1 Sir Lewes Johns, and dyverse other
Esquiers off owr contre, Godmerston and Bothe.
And on the Kynge Edwardes partye, the Lord Cromwell, 100.2 the
Lord Saye, 100.3 Sir Omffrey Bowghsher 100.4 off owr contre,
whyche is a sore moonyd man her, and other peple off bothe
partyes to the nombre off mor then a ml.
As for other tythynges, is undrestande her that the Qwyen
Margrett is verrely londyd and hyr sone in the west contre, and I
trow that as to morow, or ellys the next daye, the Kynge
Edwarde wyll depart ffrom hense to hyr warde, to dryve her owt
ageyn.
Item, I beseche yow that I may be recomendyd to my cosyn
Lomner, and to thanke hym ffor hys goode wyll to me wardes, iff
I had hadde nede, as I undrestoode by the berer heroff; and I
beseche you on my behalve to advyse hym to be well ware off
hys delyng or langage as yit, ffor the worlde, I ensur yow, is
ryght qwesye, as ye schall know with in thys monthe; the peple
heer feerythe it soor.
God hathe schewyd Hym selffe marvelouslye lyke Hym that
made all, and can undoo ageyn whan Hym lyst; and I kan
thynke that by all lyklyod schall schewe Hym sylff as mervylous
ageyn, and that in schort tyme; and, as I suppose, offter than
onys in casis lyke.
Item, it is soo that my brother is on purveyed off monye. I have
holpyn hym to my power and above. Wherffor as it pleasythe
yow remembre hym, ffor kan not purveye ffor my selffe in the
same case.
Wretyn at London the thorysdaye in Esterne weke. I hope
hastely to see yow.
All thys bylle most be secrett. Be ye not adoghtyd off the
worlde, ffor I trust all schall be well. Iff it thusse contenewe,
I ame not all undon, nor noon off us; and iff otherwyse, then,
&c. &c.
 99.1 [From Fenn, ii. 62.] This letter, as shown by the contents, was
written just four days after the battle of Barnet, by which Edward IV.
recovered his throne. It is not signed, but the writer is Sir John
Paston.
99.2 George Neville, Archbishop of York. It was from the custody of
this prelate that Edward escaped, after having been surprised and
taken prisoner by the Earl of Warwick, in 1470: perhaps the kind
treatment of his then prisoner now procured his pardon.—F.
100.1 Sir William Tyrell was cousin to Sir James Tyrell, the afterwards
supposed murderer of Edward V. and his brother the Duke of York.—
F.
100.2 Humphrey Bourchier, third son of Henry, Earl of Essex, had
summons to Parliament, in 1461, as Lord Cromwell, in right of his
wife.—F.
100.3 William Fienes, Lord Say.
100.4 Son of John, Lord Berners.

775
[THE EARL OF OXFORD] TO A LADY 101.1

To the ryght reverent and wyrchypfull Lady. 101.2

1471

R
YGHT reverent and wyrchypfull Lady, I recomande me to
yow, lettyng yow wete that I am in gret hevynes at the
makyng of thys letter; but thankyd be God, I am
eschapyd my selfe, and sodenly departyd fro my men; for I
undyrstand my chapleyn wold have detrayed me; and if he com
in to the contre, let hym be mad seuer, &c. Also ye shall gyff
credence to the brynger of thys letter, and I beseke yow to
reward hym to hys costs; for I was not in power at the makyng
of thys letter to gyff hym, but as I wass put in trest by favar of
strange pepyll, &c.
Also ye shall send me in all hast all the redi money that ye can
make, and asse mone of my men asse can com well horsyd; and
that they cum in dyverse parcellys. Also that my horsse be sent,
with my stele sadelles; and byd the yoman of the horse cover
theym with ledder. Also ye shall send to my moder, 101.3 and let
hyr wete of thys letter, and pray hyr of hyr blessyng, and byd
hyr send me my kasket, by thys tokyn; that she hathe the key
theroff, but it is brokyn.
Also ye shall send to the Pryor of Thetford, 101.4 and byd hym
send me the sum of gold that he seyd that I schuld have. Also
sey to hym by thys token, that I schewyd hym the fyrst Prive
Seale, &c. Also lete Pastun, Fylbryg, Brews, come to me. Also ye
shall delyver the brynger of thys letter an horsse, sadell, and
brydell. Also ye schallbe of gud cher, and take no thowght, for I
schall brynge my purpose abowte now by the grace of God,
Qwhome have yow in kepyng.
O . . . d (?).
101.1 [From Fenn, ii. 68.] The signature of this letter is composed of
flourishes which were probably devised on purpose to make it
unintelligible. Fenn suggests that the first character may be taken
for an O, and the last for a D; but to our thinking the resemblance is
rather difficult to trace. There is, however, great probability in his
conjecture that the writer was the Earl of Oxford, and the date just
after the battle of Barnet.
101.2 Margaret, daughter of Richard Neville, Earl of Salisbury, sister
to the late Earl of Warwick, and wife of John de Vere, Earl of Oxford.
—F.
101.3 Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Sir John Howard, Knight, who
was the grandfather of John Howard, first Duke of Norfolk of that
name. She was now the widow of John de Vere, late Earl of Oxford.
101.4 John Vescey, Prior of Thetford, from 1441 to 1479.—F.
 776
JOHN PASTON OF GELSTON TO MARGARET
PASTON 102.1

1471
APRIL 30

A
FTYR humbyll and most dew recomendacyon, in as humbyll
wyse as I can, I beseche you of your blyssyng, preying
God to reward you with as myche plesyer and hertys
ease as I have latward causyd you to have trowbyll and
thowght; and, with Godys grace, it shall not be longe to or then
my wronges and othyr menys shall be redressyd, for the world
was nevyr so lyek to be owyrs as it is now; werfor I prey you let
Lomnor no be to besy as yet. Modyr, I beseche you, and ye may
spare eny money, that ye wyll do your almesse on me and send
me some in as hasty wyse as is possybyll; for by my trowthe my
leche crafte and fesyk, and rewardys to them that have kept me
and condyt me to London, hathe cost me sythe Estern Day 102.2
more than vli., and now I haue neythyr met, drynk, clothys,
lechecraft, ner money but up on borowyng; and I have asayid
my frendys so ferre, that they be gyn to fayle now in my gretest
ned that evyr I was in. Also, modyr, I beseche yow, and my
horse that was at lechecraft at the Holt 102.3 be not takyn up for
the Kynges hawkys, 102.4 that he may be had hom and kept in
your plase, and not to go owght to watyr, nor no whedyr ellys,
but that the gat be shet, and he to be chasyd aftyr watyr within
your plase, and that he have as myche met as he may ete;
I have hey i new of myn owne, and as for otys, Dollys will
purvey for hym, or who that dothe it I wyll paye. And I beseche
yow that he have every wek iij. boshell of otys, and every day a
penyworthe of bred; and if Botoner be not at Norwyche, and
Syme kep hym, I shall geve hym well for hys labore. Also that
Phelypp Loveday put the othyr horse to gresse ther, as he and I
wer acordyd.
Item, that Botoner send me hyddyr the two shyrtys that wer in
my casket, and that he send me hydyr xls. by the next
messenger that comyth to London.
Item, that Mastress Broom send me hedyr iij. longe gownys and
ij. doblettes, and a jaket of plonket chamlett, and a morey bonet
out of my cofyr. Sir Jamys hathe the key, as I sent hyr werd be
for thys.
Item, that syche othyr wryghtynges and stuff as was in my
kasket be in your kepyng, and that no body look my
wryghtynges.
Item, that the horse that Purdy hathe of myne be put to some
good gresse in haste; and if it plese yow to have knowlage of
our royal person, I thank God I am hole of my syknesse, and
trust to be clene hole of all my hurttys within a sevennyght at
the ferthest, by wyche tym I trust to have othyr tydynges; and
those tydynges onys had, I trust not to be longe owght of
Norffolk, with Godys grace, Whom I beseche preserve you and
your for my part.
Wretyn the last day of Apryll. The berer herof can tell you
tydynges, syche as be trew for very serteyn.
Your humbylest servaunt,
J. of Gelston.
102.1 [From Paston MSS., B.M.] This letter was printed by Fenn in his
fifth volume, of which the original MSS. are now recovered. It was
evidently written in April 1471, when the writer was recovering from
the wound he had received at the battle of Barnet (see No. 774). It
is not addressed, but is endorsed in a later hand, ‘Litera Johannis
Paston armigeri matri suæ.’
102.2 The battle of Barnet was fought on Easter Day, 14th April 1471.
102.3 A pasture so called, and means the groves, or lands full of
wood.—F.
102.4 This may signify, in jocular language, if he be not dead.—F.
 Footnote 102.1
... (see No. 774).
closing parenthesis missing

777
THE BATTLE OF TEWKESBURY 104.1

1471
MAY 4

Ded in the Feld.

Edward that was called Prynce.
Lord John of Somerset.
Erle of Devenshire.
Lord Wenlok.
Sir William Vaus.
Sir Edmond Hamden.
Sir John Seymour.
Sir William Bermoth.
Water Barrow.
Mr. William Henmar.
Mr. Feldyng. 104.2
Hervy, recorder. 104.3
Mr. Herry, capteyn of Brystowe.
Sir Roberte Whetyngham.
Knoyll.
Thes be men that were heveded. 104.4
The Duke of Somerset.
The Lord of Sent Jones. 104.5
Sir Jerveys Clyfton.
Humfrey Awdeley.
Lowes Miles.
Forey of Fraunce.
Sir John Delvys. 104.6
Lord Foskew on lyffe.
Sir William Carre.
Sir Hew Courteney.
Sir Thomas Tressham.
Sir Herry Tressham.
Sir William Newbery.
Mr. Gower. 105.1
Mr. Awdeley. 105.2
Robert Clerke.
Lechefeld, mason of Westmynster.
Sir William Grymesby yet on lyffe.
Thes be the Knyghtes that the Kyng mad in the Feld.
Lord Cobham.
Sir George Nevel.
Sir Philip Courtenay.
Sir Herry Bemonde.
Sir Moreys of Barkley.
Sir Richard Hastynges.
Sir Roberte Haryngton.
Sir Thomas Gray.
Sir James Terell.
Sir John Feres.
Sir Herry Feres.
Sir Herry Purpeynt.
Sir John Parre.
Sir John Downe.
Sir Roger Kyngstone.
Sir John Crokere.
Sir —— Skerne.
Sir James Crowmere.
Sir William Sandalle.
Sir John Deverys.
Sir Herry Grey.
Sir Edward Wodehous.
Sir Richard Croft.
Sir John Pylkyngton.
Sir John Byngham.
Sir John Harley.
Sir John Boteler.
Sir Christofer Morysby.
Sir John Clay.
Sir Robert Wylleby.
Sir Robert Grene.
Sir Roger Ree.
Sir Richard Radclyffe.
Sir John Saundes.
Sir Thomas Strikelande.
Sir George Browne.
Sir William Motton.
Sir Tery Robsert.
Sir Thomas Cromewell.
Sir Robert Corbet.
Sir Nicholas Langford.
Sir John Seyntlowe.
Sir William Brandon.
104.1 [From MS. Phillipps 9735, No. 279.] This paper is in a
contemporary handwriting, and undoubtedly refers to the battle of
Tewkesbury.
104.2 Sir William Fielding, according to Warkworth’s Chronicle.
104.3 These words, ‘Hervy, recorder,’ are written over ‘Herry, capteyn,’
as a correction; but the latter are not erased. Warkworth mentions
Sir Nicholas Hervy.
104.4 Beheaded.
104.5 Sir John Longstruther, Prior of St. John’s.

104.6 Originally written ‘Mr. Delvys,’ and corrected.

105.1 James Gower, according to Warkworth.
 105.2 Sir Humphrey Audeley.

778
JOHN PASTON TO MARGARET PASTON 106.1

1471
JULY 5

M
OST worchepfull and my ryght specyall good modyr, as
humbylly as I can, I recomand me on to yow,
besechyng yow of your blyssyng. Please it yow to
undyrstand that thys day I spake with Batcheler Water, whiche
let me have undyrstandyng of your welfare, wherof I thank God
with all my hert. Also he leet me have knowlage that the Lord
Scalys had grauntyd yow to be my good lord, wherof I am no
thyng prowd, for he may do leest with the gret mastyr; but he
wold depert ovyr the see, as hastyly as he may; and because he
wenyth that I wold go with hym, as I had promyseyd evyr, and
he had kept foorthe hys jornay at that tyme, thys is the cause
that he wyll be my good lord and help to get my pardon. The
Kyng is not best pleasyd with hym for that he desyerthe to
depert, in so myche that the Kyng hathe seyd of hym, that wen
evyr he hathe most to do, then the Lord Scalys wyll sonest axe
leve to depert, and weenyth that it is most be cause of
kowardyese. As for pardon, I can never get, withowght I schold
paye to myche money for it, and I am not so purveyd. As for
Herry Hallman, my brodyr wyll axe hym no sylver tyll ye be
payeyd; therfor ye may send to hym and have it.
Item, I am sory that ye have fadyrd my hors that was at Caster
to be my Brodyr Edmundys, for I had leveer that they had hym
style then owght ellys; wherfor thow they profyr hym yow from
hense foorthe, let not my brodyr Edmund take hym, but let him