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Creating Mobile Apps with jQuery Mobile Second
Edition Matthews Digital Instant Download
Author(s): Matthews, Andy, Gliser, Shane
ISBN(s): 9781783555116, 1783555114
Edition: 2nd Revised ed.
File Details: PDF, 4.31 MB
Year: 2015
Language: english
Creating Mobile Apps with
jQuery Mobile
Second Edition

Create fully responsive and versatile real-world apps for

smartphones with jQuery Mobile 1.4.5

Andy Matthews
Shane Gliser

BIRMINGHAM - MUMBAI
Creating Mobile Apps with jQuery Mobile
Second Edition

Copyright © 2015 Packt Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval
system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written
permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in
critical articles or reviews.

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy
of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is
sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the authors nor Packt
Publishing, and its dealers and distributors, will be held liable for any damages
caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.

Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the
companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals.
However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

First published: April 2013

Second edition: February 2015

Production reference: 1190215

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

Livery Place
35 Livery Street
Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.
ISBN 978-1-78355-511-6

www.packtpub.com
 Credits

Authors Project Coordinator

Andy Matthews Aboli Ambardekar
Shane Gliser
Proofreaders
Reviewers Mario Cecere
Anne-Gaelle Colom Maria Gould
Shameemah Kurzawa Linda Morris
Troy Miles
M. Ali Qureshi Indexer
Monica Ajmera Mehta

Commissioning Editor
Usha Iyer Production Coordinator
Shantanu Zagade

Acquisition Editor
James Jones Cover Work
Shantanu Zagade

Content Development Editor

Ritika Singh

Technical Editor
Tanmayee Patil

Copy Editors
Shivangi Chaturvedi
Ashwati Thampi
 About the Authors

Andy Matthews has been working as a web application developer for over 17 years,
with experience in a wide range of industries and a skillset which includes UI/UX,
graphic design, and programming. Andy is currently a senior software engineer at the
online ticketing service, Eventbrite. He is the coauthor of the book, jQuery Mobile Web
Development Essentials, Packt Publishing and has written for Adobe, NetTuts, and .NET
Magazine. He is a frequent speaker at conferences around the country, and he has
developed a number of projects for the open source community. He lives in Nashville,
TN, with his wife and four children. You can contact him at andymatthews.net/,
https://twitter.com/commadelimited, or https://github.com/commadelimited.

I'd like to thank my wife for putting up with me through all my

conferences and travel, and the time spent typing into this magic box
we call the Internet. Thanks to my kids for premature gray. Thanks
to all the people I've learned from over the years. It's because of you
that I do this.
Find out about my exciting new card game, Startup, coming to
Kickstarter in 2015 http://startupcardgame.com.
Shane Gliser graduated from Washburn University in 2001, specializing in Java
development. Over the next few years, he developed a love of web development and
taught himself HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. Having shifted his focus again, Shane's
primary passions are user experience and the mobile web. Shane began working
with jQuery Mobile while it was still in the Alpha 2 phase, and deployed American
Century Investments' mobile site while the framework was still in Beta 2. Since
then, he has rebranded and relaunched his own personal business, Roughly Brilliant
Digital Studios (http://roughlybrilliant.com), as a place where he could start
blogging tips about using jQuery Mobile.

Major thanks goes to Todd Parker, Scott Jehl, and the rest of the crew
at Filament Group, and the many other volunteers who have given
their time and talent to creating jQuery Mobile. Jim Tharp, thank you
for being my mobile partner in crime, and for your continuous, epic
sense of humor.

To the leadership team at American Century Investments, thank you

for believing in my little two-week demo and trusting us to march
down this unknown path.
 About the Reviewers

Anne-Gaelle Colom is an open web enthusiast, advocate for good documentation,

passionate about mobile and web development and the use of technology in higher
education. Anne-Gaelle has been developing for the web since 1995 and wrote her first
mobile application in 1996. She naturally combined these two areas of development as
soon as mobile devices were capable of browsing the web.

Currently, Anne-Gaelle is a senior lecturer at the University of Westminster in

London, UK where she specializes in teaching mobile and web-related topics, with
an emphasis on advanced client-side web development, mobile development and
mobile user experience. Anne-Gaelle is the documentation lead for jQuery Mobile
and a member of the jQuery Board of Directors.

I would like to thank my friends from the jQuery teams for their
inspiration and support, my colleagues for their encouragement, and
my family for their love and understanding.
Shameemah Kurzawa started programming since she was at high school. Being
motivated to be a system analyst, she pursued both undergraduate and postgraduate
studies in business information system and software engineering respectively.

She has been working as a web developer/analyst for the past 8 years; she had worked
in the past for Australia's renowned broadcasting company, SBS, and freelances for
her own company since 2010. She is currently working in the financial sector with
exposure to Business Process Modeling (BPM) tools in addition to her wealth of
experience in the web space. Besides work, she enjoys spending her time around
family, traveling, cooking, as well as reading about and trying new web technologies.

She previously reviewed Query UI themes and PHP jQuery Cookbook for
Packt Publishing.

I would like to thank my husband and the PacktPub team for the
support and understanding in reviewing this book.

Troy Miles, aka the Rockncoder, began writing games in assembly language for
early computers such as the Apple II, Vic20, C64, and the IBM PC, over 35 years
ago. Currently he fills his days writing web apps for a Southern California based
automotive valuation and information company. Nights and weekends he can
usually be found writing cool apps for mobile and web, or teaching other developers
how to do so. He likes to post interesting code nuggets on his blog, http://
therockncoder.com and videos on his YouTube channel, https://www.youtube.
com/user/rockncoder. He can be reached at rockncoder@gmail.com.

This is the first book that Troy has ever reviewed, and it was fun and fascinating to
get to look over an author's shoulder while he worked.

I would like to thank the great people at Packt Publishing for asking
me to be a reviewer and my beautiful wife Janet for putting up with
my insomniac pursuits.
M. Ali Qureshi, is a web designer and developer based in Lahore, Pakistan. Since
2001, Ali has developed creative, interactive, and usable web solutions, making them
a successful technology investment for clients. He has also worked on a number of
successful web apps, Facebook apps, web portals, and authored WordPress plugins
and themes and osCommerce add-ons.

In Oct, 2014, he left a full-time job as a software architect to concentrate on his freelance
work and company, PI Media (http://www.parorrey.com), that he founded in 2002.
He currently runs a number of websites, including http://www.wppim.com, http://
www.flash-greetings.com/, http://www.eventsinsydney.com/, and http://
traveltourism.com/. He regularly makes contributions to the latest tips and trends
in web design, PHP, WordPress and CMS development, Flash ActionScript, and
Facebook App Development on his blog, http://www.parorrey.com/blog/.

Ali works as a consultant, project manager, PHP and Flash AS3 developer, and
sometimes as a designer. He has previously done two technical reviews for Packt
Publishing's books, jQuery Mobile Framework Beginner's Guide and jQuery for
Designers - Second Edition.

When not working, he spends his time blogging and exploring new technologies.
He is an avid sports fan and especially likes watching cricket. Pakistan and Australia
are his favorite teams. Running along Lahore canal early in the morning and the
occasional stroll in Lawrence Gardens, Lahore are things he enjoys a lot.
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 Table of Contents
Preface 1
Chapter 1: Prototyping jQuery Mobile 11
The game has changed 11
The mobile usage pattern 12
HTML prototyping versus drawing 13
Getting our hands dirty with small businesses 14
Designing the remaining components 17
Design requirements 20
Alternates to paper prototyping 21
Summary 21
Chapter 2: Making a Mom-and-pop Mobile Website 23
Writing a new jQuery Mobile boilerplate 23
Meta viewport differences 25
Full-site links beyond the industry standard 26
The global JavaScript 28
The global CSS 28
Breaking the HTML into a server-side template 29
What we need to create our site 32
Getting Glyphish and defining custom icons 33
Linking to phones, e-mails, and maps 35
Custom fonts 38
Optimization - why you should be thinking of it first 39
The final product 42
The custom CSS 44
The resulting first page 47
Table of Contents

Getting the user to our mobile site 48

Detecting and redirecting using JavaScript 48
Detecting on the server 50
Summary 50
Chapter 3: Analytics, Long Forms, and Frontend Validation 51
Google Static Maps 51
Adding Google Analytics 54
Tracking and firing page views 56
Creating long and multi-page forms 58
Integrating jQuery Validate 60
Creating the first page of our multi-page form 62
Validating each page 65
The meta.php file 68
E-commerce tracking with Google Analytics 72
Summary 73
Chapter 4: QR Code, Geolocation, Google Maps API,
and HTML5 Video 75
QR codes 75
Geolocation 77
Using JSON 80
Picking a user's location 85
Driving directions with the Google Maps API 88
Geek out moment - GPS monitoring 92
Linking and embedding video 98
Summary 99
Chapter 5: Client-side Templating, JSON APIs,
and HTML5 Web Storage 101
Client-side templating 102
Patching into JSON APIs (GitHub) 103
Passing query params to jQuery Mobile 106
Programmatically changing pages 107
Generated pages and DOM weight 107
Leveraging RSS feeds 108
Forcing responsive images 111
HTML5 Web Storage 112
Browser-based databases (work in progress) 113
JSON to the rescue 113
Summary 114

[ ii ]
 Table of Contents

Chapter 6: Automating Your Workflow with Grunt 115

Introducing Grunt - a JavaScript task runner 115
Installing Grunt 116
A brief aside about Node.js 116
Installing Node.js 116
Installing Grunt using NPM 117
Configuring Grunt 119
Common tasks and their plugins 120
Concatenation using grunt-contrib-concat 120
Minification using grunt-contrib-uglify 122
CSS preprocessors using grunt-contrib-sass / grunt-contrib-less 124
LiveReloading using grunt-contrib-watch 126
Comparing Grunt, Gulp, and Broccoli 128
Summary 129
Chapter 7: Working with HTML5 Audio 131
HTML5 Audio 131
Fixed position persistent toolbars 134
Controlling HTML5 Audio with JavaScript 136
HTML5 Audio in iOS 143
Multipage jQuery Mobile apps made useful 143
Saving to the home screen with HTML5 manifest 157
Summary 160
Chapter 8: Fully Responsive Photography 161
Creating a basic gallery using lightGallery 162
Supporting the full range of device sizes – responsive web design 164
Text readability and responsive design 169
Smartphone-sized devices 173
Tablet-sized devices 174
Desktop-sized devices 175
Cycling background images 175
Another responsive approach – RESS 178
The final code 179
Summary 179
Chapter 9: Integrating jQuery Mobile into Existing Sites 181
Detecting mobile – server-side, client-side, and the combination
of the two 181
Browser sniffing versus feature detection 182
WURFL – server-side database-driven browser sniffing 182
JavaScript-based browser sniffing 188

[ iii ]
Table of Contents

JavaScript-based feature detection using Modernizr 189

JavaScript-based lean feature detection 190
Server-side plus client-side detection 191
Mobilizing full-site pages – the hard way 194
Know your role 195
Step 1 of 2 – focus on content, marketing cries foul! 196
Step 2 of 2 – choose global navigation style and insert 197
Global nav as a separate page 197
Global nav at the bottom 198
Global nav as a panel 199
The hard way – final thoughts 199
Mobilizing full-site pages – the easy way 200
Summary 208
Chapter 10: Content Management Systems,
Static Site Generators, and jQM 209
The current CMS landscape 210
WordPress and jQuery Mobile 210
Manually installing the mobile theme switcher 212
Automatically installing the mobile theme switcher 212
Configuring the mobile theme switcher 214
Drupal and jQuery Mobile 216
Updating your WordPress and Drupal templates 222
WordPress – jQMobile theme 222
Drupal – jQuery Mobile theme 223
Static Site Generators 223
How do they work? 223
The Harp server 224
Setting up Harp locally 224
The rules of HarpJS 225
Adding your first page 226
Getting the client involved 227
The Harp platform 228
Publishing your project 230
Adobe Experience Manager 232
Summary 235

[ iv ]
 Table of Contents

Chapter 11: Putting It All Together – Community Radio 237

A taste of Balsamiq 238
Organizing your code 241
MVC, MVVM, MV* 241
MV* and jQuery Mobile 242
The application 242
The events 244
The model 245
Introduction to the Web Audio API 246
Prompting the user to install your app 250
New device-level hardware access 251
Accelerometers 251
Camera 252
APIs on the horizon 252
To app or not to app, that is the question 252
Raining on the parade (take this seriously) 253
Three good reasons for compiling an app 255
The project itself is the product 255
Access to native only hardware capabilities 255
Push notifications 255
Supporting current customers 255
Adobe PhoneGap versus Apache Cordova 256
Summary 259
Index 261

[v]
 Preface
Can we build it? Yes, we can!

Mobile is the fastest growing technology sector in existence. It is a wave of change

that has shattered all analysts' expectations. You have the choice to harness that
wave or to be swept under. In Creating Mobile Apps with jQuery Mobile, we'll take you
through several projects of increasing complexity, across a variety of industries. At
the same time, we'll tackle several mobile usability and experience issues that are
common to all mobile implementations, not just jQuery Mobile.

By the end you will have all the skills necessary to take jQuery Mobile and a host of
other technologies and techniques to create truly unique offerings. This will be fun.
It will be challenging, and by the end, you will be quoting Bob the Builder, "Can we
build it? Yes we can!"

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Prototyping jQuery Mobile, harnesses the power of rapid prototyping
before you start coding. Come to a quicker, better, and shared understanding
with your clients.

Chapter 2, Making a Mom-and-Pop Mobile Website, implements the prototypes from

Chapter 1, Prototyping jQuery Mobile . The design is unique and begins to establish
a base server-side template.

Chapter 3, Analytics, Long Forms, and Frontend Validation, takes the casual
implementation of Chapter 2, A Mom-and-Pop Mobile Website and adds in Google
Analytics, the jQuery Validate framework, and a technique for dealing with
long forms.
Preface

Chapter 4, QR Codes, Geolocation, Google Maps API, and HTML5 Video, will have you
implement a site for a movie theater chain.

Chapter 5, Client-side Templating, JSON APIs, and HTML5 Web Storage, creates a
social news nexus, tapping into the API powers of Twitter, Flickr, and the Google
Feeds API.

Chapter 6, Automating Your Workflow with Grunt, introduces you to the Grunt
automation framework, and will show you how to automate repetitive tasks
such as concatenation, minification, and CSS builds.

Chapter 7, Working with HTML5 Audio, takes HTML5 Audio and progressive
enhancement to turn a very basic web audio player page into a musical
artist's showcase.

Chapter 8, Fully Responsive Photography, explores the use of jQuery Mobile as a

mobile-first, Responsive Web Design (RWD) platform. We also take a very quick
look at typography as it applies to RWD.

Chapter 9, Integrating jQuery Mobile into Existing Sites, explores the methods of
building jQuery Mobile sites for clients who want their pages mobilized, but don't
have a Content Management System (CMS). We also dig deep into mobile detection
methods including client-side, server-side, and a combination of the two.

Chapter 10, Content Management Systems, Static Site Generators, and jQM, teaches us
how to integrate jQM into WordPress and Drupal. It also introduces the notion of
developing a dynamic site locally but outputting, and hosting, plain HTML.

Chapter 11, Putting It All Together – Community Radio, builds on the knowledge of the
previous chapters and creates, adds a little more, and considers compilation using
PhoneGap Build.

What you need for this book

You really only need a few things for this book.

• A text editor: All you need is a basic text editor for your code; Notepad++ is
great on Windows. I really like Sublime Text 2. Eclipse will work, though it's
a bit heavy-handed. Dreamweaver is pretty good, but pricey. It really doesn't
matter much; you can pick whatever text editor makes you happy.
• A web server: You could use a hosted solution such as HostGator, Godaddy,
1&1, and many more, or keep your entire testing local, using something like
XAMPP, WAMP, MAMP, or LAMP on your development box.

[2]
 Preface

• JavaScript libraries: Here and there in the chapters we'll introduce a few
JavaScript libraries. In each case, I'll tell you what they are and where to
find them.
• A developer's sense of humor: We all think of it, we all say it. You'll
find a rant or two in here. Take them for what they're worth and never
too seriously.

Who this book is for

If you are already fairly good with web development (HTML, CSS, JavaScript, and
jQuery), that's good enough for me. You can pick up jQM along the way in this book
and I think you'll be fine.

What we will cover

• Ideation and prototyping techniques
• Integrating custom fonts and icon sets
• Integrating client-side form validation using jQuery Validate
• Google Analytics, Maps, and Feeds APIs
• Geolocation
• Embedding HTML5 video and audio
• Using client-side templates and JSON
• Digesting Really Simple Syndication (RSS) feeds
• Integrating lightGallery
• Media queries
• Mobile detection techniques
• Integrating with Wordpress, Drupal, and Harp.io softwares
• Integrating with pre-existing sites

[3]
Other documents randomly have
different content
diffraction, i, 183, iv, 326;
effects of objects on, 323-4;
effects on organisms and man, x, 253-4;
Einstein theory, ii, 80-2;
electrical production, inefficiency, vi, 268;
electromagnetic theory of, iv, 54, vi, 25, vii, 371, xvi, 137-8;
eye and, vi, 270-2, xi, 86, 95-6;
eye regulation to, x, 254;
from sun, importance of, ix, 25-6;
"gentleman" of physics, iv, 50;
glowing effects on minerals, vii, 254;
injury from excessive, 153;
intensity unit, iv, 351-2;
interference of, 376-8;
instinct of seeking, xi, 52-3;
invisibility, iv, 333-4;
machines responding to, v, 331-2, 332-3;
measurement of illumination of, iv, 350-2;
measurement of intensity, viii, 374;
monochromatic, iv, 364, 365;
of electric lamps, vi, 268;
of firefly, 268;
of glowworms, xvi, 144;
of moon, ii, 200;
of stars, 296;
of sun, 168-9;
penetration of ocean by, xii, 22;
perception limits, iv, 360-1;
perception of, in animals, ix, 105;
physiological sensation, vii, 249;
polarization, iii, 319-20, iv, 353-6;
polarization, discovery, xvi, 119;
production by various kinds of rays, iv, 378-80;
quantity unit, 352;
radiant energy, 322, ix, 114;
rays of, iv, 323;
reflection and refraction (see Reflection and Refraction);
 reflection and refraction (see Reflection and Refraction);
seeing by, iv, 322-3, 324-9;
shadows cast by, 332-3;
theory of, present state, 50;
transformed to musical sounds, v, 332-5;
transmitted by ether, vi, 119, 120, 269, vii, 259;
traveling of, in straight lines, iv, 330;
velocity, 323;
velocity constancy, xvi, 196;
velocity in different media, iv, 327;
velocity, methods of obtaining, ii, 59-60, 91, 167;
vibrations and colors of, ix, 115;
wave theory, iv, 47, 353, vi, 118-19, 269, xvi, 136-8;
wave theory discovery, 119;
white (see White Light);
wind effects on, iv, 211
(see also Light Waves, Sunlight)
Light-headedness, production of, ix, 266-7
Lighthouses, strength of, xiv, 300-1
Lighting, art of, modern advances in, iv, 50-1;
direct, xi, 277, 373;
emotional effects, vi, 273;
factory, xi, 361;
flood, vi, 283;
modern gas, viii, 60;
proper and improper, vi, 273-5;
unit of intensity, vii, 368
(see also Electric Lighting, Lighting Systems)
Lighting Systems, color effects, iv, 370;
exterior, vi, 278-83, vii, 339-43;
interior, vi, 275-8, vii, 68-72
Lightning, i, 146-57, vii, 201-19;
annual deaths by, x, 254;
awe-inspiring power, vii, 201, 202;
causes, i, 149-52, iv, 269, vii, 206-15, 217-8;
current strength, i, 152-3;
danger and protection, 155-7, vii, 201-2, 218-19;
 danger and protection, 155 7, vii, 201 2, 218 19;
danger in aeronautics, i, 303;
defined, 376, vii, 371;
displays, 203;
distance, how determined, i, 187, vii, 210;
electromagnetic waves from, 260;
fire from, xv, 320;
Franklin's experiment, i, 141, vi, 10-11, 14-16, vii, 204-5;
large raindrops and, 215-17;
multiple flashes, i, 146-8;
nitrogen fixation by, 13, 34-5;
oscillations, vii, 208, 366, 374;
ozone produced, i, 15;
photographic study, 146-8, 151;
protection of electric lines, vii, 16-19, 49-50;
thunder from, i, 192-3, vii, 210-11;
types, i, 146, 148-9, vii, 205-6, 211-15;
visibility, i, 152;
voltage, 151-2, vii, 206-7;
weathering agency, iii, 24;
wind effects, i, 148
Lightning Arresters, vii, 17-18, 49-50, 362, 371
Lightning Prints, i, 154-5, 376
Lightning Rods, i, 156-7, 376, iv, 270, vii, 218-219, 371;
invention, i, 141, vi, 14, 16;
principle, vii, 209;
use of points, vi, 297
Light-Pillars, i, 376
Light Waves, iv, 353, vi, 118-19, 269;
atmospheric effects, i, 165-6, 170-1;
caused by molecular vibrations, iv, 360, 363, 379;
Doppler's principle, ii, 119, iv, 210;
glass and, 183;
interference of, 376-8;
length and frequency, vii, 250, 260;
length and frequency with different colors, iv, 359, 360, 365,
ix, 114, 115;
ix, 114, 115;
motion of, xvi, 137;
unit of length, iv, 359, xvi, 130
Light-Year, ii, 315, xvi, 33
Lignite, iii, 344, 345, 346, 347, 348, viii, 44, 45
Lilac, fertilization, xiii, 143-4;
leaves, 38
Lilienthal, Otto, v, 231
Lily, African, xiii, 38;
leaves, 38, 176
Lily Family, xiii, 183-4
Lily of the Valley, xiii, 45, 47, 178
Lima Beans, variation in, xiii, 331
Limacina, xii, 19
Lime, calcium oxide, viii, 149;
in earth's crust, iii, 308;
in water, viii, 40, xiv, 142, 147;
production, iii, 373, viii, 150, 276;
slaking of, 38-9;
uses, iii, 373, viii, 149-50, 278, 323, 347
Limes (fruit), origin, xiii, 225;
spread, 354
Lime Salts, body needs of, ix, 32, 33, 33-4, 174;
in bone, 57;
in diet, x, 256
Limestone, iii, 13, 380;
cliffs of, jointing in, xiv, 133;
composed of carbonate of lime, iii, 25, 308;
destruction by frost, xiv, 76-7;
formation of, viii, 152;
lime making from, 149, 150, 276;
marble from, iii, 169, 189, 371;
occurrence in U. S., 371-2;
polyzoans in, xii, 47;
residual soils from, xiv, 68, 145;
sedimentary rock, 18;
solubility, iii, 24-5, 126, viii, 151, xiv, 145-6, 147;
 solubility, iii, 24 5, 126, viii, 151, xiv, 145 6, 147;
travertine deposits, 146;
uses, iii, 325-6, 373-4, v, 315, 318, viii, 151, 280;
weathering of, iii, 27
Limestone Formations, iii, 185, 267, 270;
caves in, 127, viii, 151, xiv, 147-8;
underground streams in, iii, 116, xiv, 149-50
Limonite, iii, 333, 359, viii, 130, 156
Lincoln, assassination incident, xi, 323;
in Holmes's "goodly company," x, 134
Linden Trees, xiii, 324-5, 345-6
Linen, antiquity of, xv, 243;
as clothing material, ix, 311-12, x, 307, 309;
cellulose composition, viii, 254;
from flax plant, xiii, 235;
paper from, v, 290-1, 292
Lines of Force (electric), iv, 261-2, vi, 295-6
Lines of Force (magnetic), iv, 251-2, 261, 274-5, vi, 33, 54, vii,
371;
cutting of, iv, 301-8, vi, 23, 54, 307-8;
direction, iv, 277-8, vi, 54-5, 88-90;
leakage, vii, 371;
least resistance tendency, vi, 43-4, 96;
shortest direction tendency, 219;
terrestrial, 39, 40;
terrestrial, in relation to aurora, i, 159-60
Line Squalls, i, 138-9, 376
Link Motion, v, 208-10, 379
Linnæus (Carl von Linné), x, 84, 134;
natural history work, xvi, 116, 126, 139, 165;
rattlesnake named by, xii, 235
Linotype, Mergenthaler, v, 308-10, 381-2
Linsangs, xii, 353
Linseed Oil, viii, 231-2, 246;
action in paint, 264, 265;
source, xiii, 235;
spontaneous combustion of, viii, 55-6
 spontaneous combustion of, viii, 55 6
Lions, xii, 359-60;
fearlessness, xi, 136;
instinctive fear of fire, 46;
strength of, xv, 16, 18
Lipari Islands, volcanoes of, xiv, 317
Lipases, viii, 357, x, 326
Lipins, viii, 350-1
Liquefaction of Gases, i, 29, 32, iv, 143, 153, 171, 188, 191-2,
viii, 303-4
Liquid Air, i, 26, 29-33, iv, 190-2, vii, 323, viii, 68;
boiling point, iv, 173;
oxygen production from, viii, 67, 274;
temperature, and pressure, iv, 172
Liquids, boiling of, iv, 167-74;
boiling point and chemical composition, viii, 298-301;
boiling point and pressure, iv, 168, 169-72, v, 354, viii, 303-5;
buoyant powers of, iv, 30, 103-7;
chemical aspects, viii, 22, 297-301;
compressibility, v, 107;
conversion to gases, iv, 152-3, 153, 167;
critical temperature, 171-2, viii, 303-4;
density, how measured, iv, 113, vi, 147;
distinguished by pressure and diffusibility, iv, 22-3;
elasticity of, 156, 158;
evaporation, 167, 174;
expansion by heat, 135, 138;
expansion coefficient, 145;
fractional distillation of, 168;
heat effects on, 144, viii, 25;
heat transmission in, iv, 138-9, 177-8;
intermingling of, in contact, 131;
latent heat (see Latent Heat);
molecules in, iii, 309, iv, 22, 131, 152, 167, 363, viii, 23, 24;
osmosis, xiii, 90-1;
pressure of, iv, 116-19;
solubility in water, viii, 111-12;
 solubility in water, viii, 111 12;
sound velocity in, iv, 198;
specific gravity, how determined, 112, 113;
spectra of incandescent, ii, 112, iv, 360, 363;
supercooled and heated, viii, 113, 304-5;
vapor pressure of, 303-5;
vaporization of, iv, 173-4;
vibrations of, 196, 215;
volatile, 174
Lister, Joseph, x, 144-6, xvi, 182-3;
importance of work of, x, 40, 107, 149, 381;
on Pasteur, 143
Liter, standard of volume, viii, 28
Lithium, viii, 128, 132, 133;
atomic weight and symbol, 383;
flame color, 301;
specific gravity, 384;
spectrum of, 301-2;
test for, 287, 289
Litmus, viii, 114
Little Falls Gorge, iii, 243
Little Red Riding-hood, xv, 358
Littoral Fauna, xii, 16, 17
Live Oaks, xiv, 370
Liver, bile secreted by, ix, 237, 275;
changes caused by shock, xi, 59;
development in black and white races, xv, 49-50;
disorders of, x, 330;
emotion effects on, xi, 136-7, 138;
failure in diabetes, ix, 293;
functions, x, 329-30, 347, xi, 60;
gall stones in, ix, 286;
glycogen storage in, 291, 292, 293, 298;
hemoglobin decomposed in, 184, 275;
in circulatory system, 196 (fig.), 198, 245;
inflammation of, x, 224;
secretin effects on, 325;
 secretin effects on, 325;
therapy of, 382-3;
urea production in, ix, 284, 285;
waste removal by, 271, 275
Liverwort, reproduction, xiii, 166, 167
Livingstone, David, African exploration, xiv, 196;
quoted, 78
Lizards, xii, 182, 203-10;
descent of, 203;
embryo of, xv, 54;
Mesozoic, iii, 295
Llamas, xii, 313, 315 (fig.)
Lloyd's, insurance of, i, 270
Load Factor, vi, 380-2
Loadstones, vi, 28-9, vii, 372;
at magnetic pole, vi, 30;
Gilbert's studies, 11, 12;
used as suspended compass, 29, 31 (fig.);
(see also Lodestone)
Lobsters, iii, 260, 278-9, xii, 87
Locaille, xvi, astronomer, 124
Locke, John, medical work of, x, 74-5;
philosophy of, xvi, 111, 115, 117
Lockjaw, x, 298-9;
immunity to, 206, 207;
prevention of, 218
Lockyer, Sir Norman, discovery of sun prominences, ii, 181;
collision theory, 327, 333;
star classification, 309-10;
on temple orientation, 26
Locomotion, forms of, ix, 82, 155-6;
friction necessary to, iv, 94;
of animals, means of, ix, 73-4;
of serpents, xii, 212;
reflex processes in, ix, 156-9;
rolling, v, 215
Locomotives, Steam, v, 207-12, 377, 378-9;
Locomotives, Steam, v, 207 12, 377, 378 9;
boilers, 140 (see Boilers);
efficiency, 155;
compared with electric, vii, 193-4;
power source of, ix, 15;
smoke from, i, 64, vii, 345;
sound of passing, iv, 210
Locomotor Ataxia, ix, 90-1
Locusts, xii, 108-9;
jaws of, 100;
seventeen-year, 112, 113;
as food, xv, 134
Locust Trees, in landscaping, xiii, 271-2;
in Long Island, 354;
in pea family, 198;
lightning danger, i, 155;
petals, 47;
sleeping of leaves, 89, 113
Lodestone, iv, 52-3, 242, viii, 156;
name of, iv, 243,
(see also Loadstone)
Lodge, Sir Oliver, Evesham experiments, vii, 352;
on atmospheric electricity, 212;
on electrons, vi, 114;
on forces in atoms, 115;
on luminiferous æther, 118;
wireless system, xvi, 191
Lodgepole Pines, xiv, 374
Loess, i, 53-4, iii, 73-4, 380, xiv, 63, 72-5
Loire River, base-leveled stream, xiv, 49
London, "Black Day," ii, 211;
eclipses in, 214;
fogs, i, 94;
harbor of, xiv, 270;
sewage disposal, viii, 327;
smoke deposits, i, 65;
tea market of world, xiii, 231;
 tea market of world, xiii, 231;
water purification, viii, 319-20
London-Paris Air Route, i, 44-5, 95, 285-6
Long, Crawford W., x, 124, 125
Long Branch, N. J., wave destruction at, xiv, 45, 302
Long Distance Electrical Transmission, alternating and direct
currents in, vi, 159-61, 195-6;
choke coils in, vii, 50;
condensers in, vi, 285-6;
difficulties, 367;
high voltages best, 159, 161, 163, 331-2;
high voltages and leakage, vii, 10-11;
of Niagara Power Plant, vi, 376-8;
power-factor correction, 262;
present distances attained, 365;
progress in, vii, 9-10;
synchronous condensers in, vi, 262;
three phase alternators in, 206;
transformers, 309, 324;
transcontinental, 10, 367-8;
vacuum tubes in, 125
Long Distance Telephony, inductance reduction, vii, 104-5;
method of connecting cities, 104;
phantom circuit, 105-6, 119;
repeating stations, 114;
in United States, 91-2
Longfellow, stanzas on nature, xvi, 43
Long Heads, physical characteristics, xv, 47;
racial divisions, xvi, 48-9;
skull index in, xv, 42
Long Island, bowlders on, xiv, 69;
locust tree on, xiii, 354;
opossums in, xii, 275;
outwash plain on, iii, 69;
plant conditions, xiii, 382;
scallop fisheries, xii, 65;
terminal moraine on, iii, 68, 237, 238
 terminal moraine on, iii, 68, 237, 238
Long Island Sound, false corals of, xii, 47;
oysters of, 61;
oyster "drills" of, 72
Longitudinal Rivers, xiv, 153-4
Looking-glass, images in, iv, 335-6
Looming, optical, i, 172, 174, 376
Looms, history and development, v, 268, 277-82, xv, 245-7;
various inventions, v, 376-7, 381, 383
Loons, xii, 250
Loop-the-loop Cars, iv, 74
Loosestrife, xiii, 140-1, 203
Lop-Nor Desert, xiv, 209
Lorentz, light theory, xvi, 137-8;
relativity theory, iv, 18, xvi, 196
Lories, Australian, xii, 266-7
Los Angeles, electric power supply, v, 81, vi, 363;
telephone connection with New York, 367-8
Loudness, of sound, iv, 211;
to what due, xi, 104
Louis XIV, high heels introduced by, x, 306;
observatory founded by, ii, 58;
on Pyrenees Mts., xiv, 239
Louis, Pierre C. A., x, 108
Louisiana cotton, xiii, 237;
salt deposits, viii, 140;
sulphur deposits, 76
Louisiana Purchase, xiv, 192, 193, 311
Louisville, early growth, xiv, 219;
water supply, viii, 318
Loup Fork, xiv, 161
Love, fundamental impulse, xv, 185;
motor character, xi, 58;
sentiment of, 149-50;
unknown to savages, xv, 279, 321
Lowbrows, xv, 43
Lowell, Percival, ii, 233-4, 237, 271;
Lowell, Percival, ii, 233 4, 237, 271;
reference to, xi, 218
Lowell Observatory, ii, 146-7, 148
Low German, xv, 162
Lowlands, xiv, 213
Lows, Low Pressure Areas, i, 135-6, 137, 376;
of Iceland, 361;
movement, 134-5, 237;
physiological effects, 330;
thunderstorms and, 138;
wind and weather attendants, 125, 218, 236, 237
(see also Pressure Areas)
Lubricants, fatty, viii, 247;
graphite, 43, vii, 308, 309;
oil-dag, 300
Luciferin, xii, 20
Lues, curability of, x, 134;
germ of, 195, 199;
immunity to, 207
Lumber, chief source of, xiv, 383;
from heartwood, xiii, 25
Lumen, light unit, iv, 352
Luminous Plants and Animals, i, 346-7, xii, 20, xiii, 203-4, xvi,
144, 146
Lunation, defined, ii, 196
Lundy, Lake, iii, 149
Lung Fish, iii, 283 (fig.), xii, 164-6
Lungs, ix, 254-6;
aeration of blood by, 253, x, 62, 63, 331;
carbon dioxide diffusion by, ix, 263-7;
circulation of blood through, 196 (fig.), 198-200;
congestion of, x, 341;
development in black and white races, xv, 50;
diseases of, susceptibility to, 50, 51;
dust in, ix, 223;
evolution in animal kingdom, xii, 164-5, 169, 187, 248;
external respiration by, x, 339;
 external respiration by, x, 339;
functions in maintenance of life, ix, 21-3;
infection through, x, 198, 220;
in pneumonia, 289;
oxygen supply through, ix, 51 (diagram), 253, 258;
poisons exhaled by, 269;
water loss by, i, 317, ix, 274
Lupine, leaves, xiii, 113
Luray Caverns, iii, 127, xiv, 148
"Lusitania," loss of, xi, 332
Luster, of metals, viii, 126;
of minerals, 201
Lycopodium Selago, xiii, 305-6, 322
Lycopods, iii, 253-4, 256
Lye, making of, viii, 276, 278;
in soap-making, 221
Lyell, geological work, xvi, 126, 171
Lymphatics, ix, 222-5;
in circulatory system, 196 (fig.)
Lynx, xii, 364-5
Lyra, elliptic nebulæ in, ii, 360;
movement of sun toward, 18, 122, 137, 305-6
Lyric Poetry, primitive, xv, 319-21
Lysins, x, 211
Maas River, shifts in delta, xiv, 186
(see also Meuse)
Macaques, xii, 378-9
Macaws, xii, 266
McCormick, Cyrus, reaper, v, 244-7, 249, 379
MacCulloch, on rocks, xvi, 170
McDowell, Ephraim, x, 122, 147
Mace, spice, xiii, 261, 262
Mace, symbol of power, xv, 208
McGehee, Arkansas, antimalarial work in, x, 174
Machine Guns, v, 362-8, 380, 382
Machines, advantages of electrical drive, vii, 62;
i hi i i 134
 air-cushioning in, v, 134;
"animated," 326-44;
contract with operators, vii, 121-2;
displacement of men by, v, 17-18;
early, iv, 26;
efficiency (see Efficiency of Machines), elementary, iv, 89-94,
v, 20-41;
fascination of, vi, 175;
force and resistance law, iv, 90, 92;
for making machines, v, 42-56;
friction in, iv, 92-4;
history of development, v, 15-19, 376-84;
hydraulic, reliability, 106;
instruction of workers, xi, 363-5;
labor-saving, vii, 73;
mechanical advantage, iv, 89, 98;
parts named from human parts, v, 20;
skilled artisans and, 42, 46;
standardization of parts, 48-50, 53-4;
summary of progress in, 376-84
Machine Tools, development, v, 42-56, 376;
in relation to automobile industry, 55-6, 214, 383
Mackerel Sky, i, 100, 376
Mackerel Year, i, 359
Mackintosh Waterproof Cloth, xiii, 245
Madagascar, chameleons of, xii, 210;
crocodiles of, 199;
former union with Africa, 376;
fossane of, 353;
lemurs of, 374, 375;
laceleaf yam, xiii, 89-90;
orchid, 48;
ratite birds in, xii, 249;
separation from Africa, xiv, 273;
tenrecs of, xii, 367;
tortoises of, 191, 192
M dd F il iii 205 6
Madder Family, xiii, 205-6
Madeira, discovery of, xiv, 309;
oceanic volcano, 289, 316
Madrepores, xii, 39-40
Maeterlinck, on eelgrass, xiii, 150-1
Magazines, printing and binding, v, 305-7
Magdalenian Period, xv, 105, 109;
clay models of, 118-19
Magdeburg Hemispheres, iv, 29
Magellanic Clouds, ii, 355
Magendie, François, x, 126, 127, xvi, 186
Maggiore Lake, iii, 146
Magi, Persian, xvi, 59
Magic, history of, xvi, 44, 59
Magic Lantern, iv, 341-2
Magma, viii, 191
Magnesium, viii, 17, 127, 148-9, 153;
affinity intensity, 128;
atomic weight and symbol, 383;
automobile parts made of, 127, 149;
electrolytic production, vii, 320-1;
fusibility, viii, 384;
ignition, 53, 54;
in body, 354;
in body fluids, ix, 174;
in earth's crust, iii, 308, viii, 19, 129, 192, 195, 196;
light of, 60, 172;
plant needs of, 337, 341;
specific gravity, 384;
test for, 287, 289
Magnesium Chloride, in sea water, xiv, 295-6
Magnesium Compounds, viii, 130, 148-9;
deposits of, 138, 195, 196, 275;
in hard water, 40, 318, 322-4;
lightness of, 29
Magnesium Oxide, medicinal uses, viii, 153
M ti A i f th i 250
Magnetic Axis, of earth, iv, 250
Magnetic Blowout, vii, 37, 39
Magnetic Circuits, vii, 364;
force of, vi, 93
Magnetic Disturbances, accompanying aurora, i, 161;
due to moon, ii, 201;
sun-spots and, 176, 186
Magnetic Equator, iv, 246
Magnetic Fields, iv, 251, vi, 31, vii, 368;
concentration of, vi, 91-2;
distortion, 43-4;
electromotive force created by, 50-3, 54;
electron theory, 128;
generator and motor actions in, 218-19;
of atoms, 117;
of earth, iv, 253, vi, 39, 40;
of electric currents, iv, 274-5, 277, 279 (fig.), vi, 19-20, 88-91;
of sun, ii, 177-9;
spectra of vapors in, 178;
strength or intensity, iv, 252, vii, 368, 370
Magnetic Force, vii, 369
Magnetic Leakage, vii, 371
Magnetic Meridians, iv, 246
Magnetic Needle, iv, 243-4;
dip or inclination of, 245-6;
earth's action on, 248;
electric current effects on, 273-4, 275-6, 278-9
Magnetic Permeability, vii, 372
Magnetic Poles, vii, 374;
force of attraction between, iv, 249
Magnetic Poles (of earth), iv, 246, 248, vi, 29-30;
aurora in relation to, i, 159-60
Magnetic Saturation, vii, 372
Magnetic Screens, vi, 32 (fig.)
Magnetic Storms, vi, 40
Magnetism, iv, 242-55, vi, 27-45;
d il li ti i 19 30
 daily application, xvi, 19, 30;
effects on body, vii, 246, 247;
electricity and, vi, 12, 19-20, 27-8, 86, iv, 256, 276;
electron theory, vii, 371;
energy in, iv, 82;
force of, how measured, 249;
history of, 52-5, vi, 9-26, xvi, 109, 122;
law of attraction and repulsion, vi, 18, 42-3, 286-7;
of direct and alternating currents, 155-6;
lines of force (see Lines of Force);
of earth, iv, 248-50, 252, vi, 29-30, 39-40;
of earth, connection with internal iron, xiv, 11;
of rotating bodies, ii, 178, vi, 21;
residual, vi, 191, vii, 372;
science of power, xvi, 36-7;
term as used, vii, 372;
universal presence, vi, 40
(see also Electromagnetism, Magnetic Fields, Magnets)
Magnetite, iii, 333-4, viii, 156;
ores in Adirondacks, iii, 359;
properties of, iv, 242
Magnetization, iv, 242;
aided by striking, 253;
by electric currents, 286-8, vi, 30, 50;
by induction, iv, 243, 253;
by lightning, i, 152-3;
by loadstone, vi, 29;
internal effects, 36-7;
of iron structures, iv, 253;
molecular effects, 245, 253;
processes of, vi, 44-5;
test, 43
Magneto Generators, vi, 215-16
Magnetomotive Force, vi, 92-3
Magnetos, automobile, vii, 140-41
Magnets, iv, 242-4;
ti f 250 1 i 31 2
 action of, 250-1, vi, 31-2;
aging of, 45, vii, 159;
attraction and repulsion of, iv, 242, 244, 245, 249, vi, 33, 42-
3, (fig.);
demagnetization methods, iv, 253, vii, 366;
effect on compass, vi, 27, 42-3;
electromotive force produced by, iv, 303;
force, how measured, 249-50;
heat and jarring effects, vi, 34-8, 117;
internal constitution, 36-7;
laminated, 34, 35 (fig.);
lines of force, 33
(see also Lines of Force);
lifting force of, iv, 289;
making of, vi, 44-5 (see Magnetization);
natural, iv, 242;
penetrability, 250, vi, 31-2;
permanent and temporary, iv, 243, vi, 30;
poles of, iv, 242, 244-5, 253, 262, vi, 31, 42, 43;
types, 30-1, vii, 372;
uses, commercial and industrial, iv, 255, viii, 270
(see also Electromagnets)
Magnifying Glass, iv, 343
Magnitude, illusions of, xi, 184-90
Magnitude of Stars, absolute (see Absolute Magnitude);
catalogued by Hipparchus, ii, 31;
classification by, 295-6, 297;
conditions affecting, 322;
determined by photoelectric methods, 328;
different kinds, 296;
different stages, 383, 384;
spectral type in relation to, 309
Magnolias, antiquity, xiii, 324-5;
development, 55;
fertilization, 130-1;
former distribution, xiv, 375;
f il t iii 318
 fossil ancestor, xiii, 318;
index plants, i, 255;
in landscaping, xiii, 271-2
Mahogany, from tropical forests, xiv, 383;
in anacardiaceae family, xiii, 200
Maidenhair Tree, xiii, 315-16;
in landscaping, 271-3
Mail-Order Business, in stormy weather, i, 264
Maine, coast of, iii, 37-8, 57, 235, xiv, 256, 257, 262-3;
coast destruction, 46;
dikes on coast, iii, 110, xiv, 108;
harbors, 268;
moose of, xii, 318
Mains, electric, vii, 373
Maize, history and uses, xiii, 211-13
Major Triad (music), iv, 206-7
Make-and-Break (electricity), iv, 382
Malachite, iii, 334, 360
Malaise, sensation of, ix, 91
Malaria, x, 153-9;
campaign against, 173-4, 299-301;
control of, in tropics, xiv, 356, 357;
former idea of causes, x, 286;
quinine and, xiii, 250-1
Malaspina Glacier, iii, 70
Malay Archipelago, bananas native to, xiii, 216;
continental relationships, xiv, 274;
crocodiles of, xii, 201;
lemurs of, 374, 375;
largest flower in, xiii, 363-4;
parrots of, xii, 266;
rain forests, xiv, 369
Malay Peninsula, beriberi in, x, 257;
coco palm of, xv, 125;
leaf butterfly of, xii, 117;
rhinoceros of, 306;
k f 214 218
 snakes of, 214, 218;
tapirs of, 306;
tin production, iii, 369
Malays, hair of, xv, 37;
immunity to tuberculosis, 51;
in tropics, xiv, 356;
members of brown race, xv, 37
Malic Acid, viii, 222-3, 336
Malicious Animal Magnetism, xi, 311
Malleable Iron, v, 319
Malleability, viii, 126;
in mineral identification, 202
Mallow Family, xiii, 200
Malmags, xii, 374
Malpighi, Marcello, x, 77, xvi, 107, 112, 116, 126
Malt, viii, 249
Malta Fever, diagnosis of, x, 216
Maltase, viii, 357
Maltose, viii, 227, 241, 243, 244;
in brewing, 249;
formed in digestion, ix, 230
Mammals, xii, 270-384;
Age of, iii, 20;
appearance in Cretaceous, xv, 71;
egg-laying, 272-3, 274;
evolution of, xii, 185, 271-2;
geological history, iii, 20, 297-306;
growth in relation to flowering plants, 257;
in oceanic islands, xiv, 277-8;
order of succession, xii, 338-9;
primitive types, 272-4;
smallest of, 368;
temperature maintenance in, ix, 307-8;
warm-bloodedness of, 305, 306
Mammato-Cumulus Clouds, i, 104, 376
Mammoth Cave, iii, 127, xiv, 148;
fi h f ii 163
 fishes of, xii, 163
Mammoth Coal Bed, iii, 201, 347-8
Mammoth Hot Springs, terrace, iii, 192 (Pl. 11);
travertine deposits, 325, xiv, 146
Mammoths, xii, 301 (fig.), 302;
of Ice Age, xv, 76, 79;
prehistoric pictures of, 85, 86;
remains found in Siberia, 16
Man, activities of, ix, 21;
adaptation to environment by, xiv, 344, 363, xv, 25, 26, 28,
31, 36;
adapted to mixed diet, ix, 246, 285;
Age of, iii, 20;
anthropology science of, xv, 10-11, 15, xvi, 36;
antiquity of, ii, 19, iii, 301-2, 303, v, 11, xv, 11-12, 69-87, 95,
163;
apes and, physically compared, xii, 373, xv, 57-62, 94;
brain in, 39-41, 62-3, 96;
broadened interests of, x, 10;
cell development in, ix, 44;
chromosome number in, 46, 339;
dependence on fire, shelter and clothing, 308-9;
descent of, 349, xii, 384, xv, 56;
distribution over earth, xiv, 21, 344, xv, 12;
distribution mostly on plains, xiv, 218-19;
dominant impulses, xv, 185;
educability, 66;
embryological development, 53-5;
environmental control of, xi, 33, 58, xiv, 30-1;
environment conquest by, xv, 25-6;
environment of present, x, 354;
erect posture and walking, xv, 58;
evolution of, iii, 283, 301-6, xv, 25, 26-31, 53-4, 70, 88-102;
evolution, Anaximander on, xvi, 78-9;
face and brain case in, xv, 43;
fear in, origin of, xi, 136;
fi ti fi d t i 308 229 30
fire generation confined to, ix, 308, xv, 229-30;
fundamental instincts, xi, 50-6;
grasp of, ix, 67-8;
grouping tendency in, xv, 361-3;
improvement by selection and education, xvi, 157;
impulses conscious, xv, 273;
increase in numbers, 26-7;
infectious diseases peculiar to, x, 206;
instincts and reason in, xv, 65-6, 68;
language evolution, 140, 142-3, 146-63;
language importance, ix, 152-3, xi, 224;
"measure of all things," xvi, 85;
origin of, various accounts and theories, xv, 69-70;
Paracelsus on, x, 48;
physical, xv, 32-52;
physical measurements, comparative, 57;
place in nature, iii, 260, 281, xvi, 126;
primate, xii, 373;
psychological unity, xvi, 42-3;
races of (see Races);
rate of growth in, ix, 32 (diagram);
reasoning power, xi, 237, 243-4, xv, 65, 66, 68;
relation to lower animals, 53-68;
rudimentary structures in, 56;
sense of smell, xi, 77-8;
sex determiners in, ix, 338-9;
skull capacity, xv, 40-1, 89;
skull shapes in, 42-3;
stages in development of, 188-204;
structure compared with apes, 57-62;
struggle for existence in, 25-6, 27;
struggle for perfection in, 28-9;
survival of fittest in, 27;
symmetrical instinct in, 251;
tool-using animal, v, 9, 10-11, ix, 67-8, xv, 205;
tropical animal, ix, 308-9
( l P i iti M )
 (see also Primitive Man)
Manatees, jaguars and, xii, 362
Mandan Indians, buffalo dance, xv, 305-6
Mandibles, of insects, xii, 99;
of men and apes compared, xv, 94
Mandrills, xii, 379-80
Mangabeys, xii, 379
Manganese, viii, 154;
affinity strength, 128;
atomic weight and symbol, 383;
electrochemical analysis, 295;
fusibility, 384;
ores, 198, 271;
specific gravity, 384;
test for, 287, 289
Manganin, resistance, vi, 77, vii, 364
Mangrove Keys, xii, 42
Mangle, Electric, vii, 82-3
Manhattan Elevated Railway, engines and turbines, v, 152-3
Manholes, construction, vii, 30
Mania, hot baths in treatment of, x, 311;
of adolescence, 236-7
Maniacs, strength of, xi, 264
Manila Hemp, xiii, 236, 239-40
Manila Paper, source, xiii, 240
Manna, "rains" of, i, 355, 357
Mantids, xii, 107-8
Manual Labor, fatigue from, ix, 81;
food requirements in calories, 297
Manufacturing Centers, of future, v, 173
Manufacturing Stage, xv, 187, 203
Manures, as fertilizers, viii, 342-3;
as nitrogen source, xiv, 66;
waste of, viii, 346
Map-Making, aeronautical, i, 45-8
Maple Tree, antiquity, xiii, 324-5;
f tt 86 7
 as forest tree, 86-7;
fruit, winged, 57, 58 (fig.);
in landscaping, 271-2;
petals absent in, 195;
seed dispersal, 343;
source of sugar, viii, 242-3;
in United States, xiii, 368, xiv, 372
(see also Sugar Maple)
Maps, discrepancies in, xiv, 10-11;
tinting of, iv, 130
Marble, iii, 371;
green, 338;
metamorphic rock, 380, xiv, 19;
reaction with acids, viii, 37
March (of weather elements), i, 205, 376-7
Marchetti, Peter, x, 79
Marconi, distress signal system, vii, 284;
wireless messages, 258, 259;
wireless work, xvi, 191
Marconi Transmitting System, vii, 263-5
Mare Tenebrosum, i, 55
Mare's Tail Clouds, i, 99, 377
Margarines, vegetable, x, 261, 267
Marine Animals, conditions necessary, iii, 17;
large, xii, 297-9, 333-5, 347;
mollusks, 57-80;
primitive types, 16-24, 26, 32, 128-9;
worms, 45, 51, 54
Marine Climate, i, 208, 377
Marine Deposits, iii, 52-5
Marine Meteorology, i, 271-83;
founding of, 216
Marine Rivers, xiv, 153
Marine Rocks, xiv, 19;
found above sea level, iii, 82-3, 85, 132, 235;
in mountains, xiv, 231
M i ' C i 253 4 ii 365
Mariner's Compass, iv, 253-4, vii, 365;
invention and improvements, vi, 29, 41-2
Mariotte, Edme, xvi, 110, 111;
law of, iv, 140
Markhor, xii, 325
Marmosets, xii, 376
Marmots, xii, 294-5
Marne, Battle of, defence of "Grande Couronne", xiv, 90;
soldiers asleep on retreat, xi, 286-7
Marne River, topographical features, xiv, 89
Marquette, Père, xiv, 192
Marriage, xv, 273-95, 364
Mars, (planet), ii, 227-34;
atmosphere, 228-32, 247;
canals, 235-41, 248;
distance, 235-6;
Kepler's studies, 50;
life on, 228-32, 237-8, 247-8;
"lucid" planet, 264;
motions and orbits, 50, 162, 163;
photographic study, 131, 132;
rotation period, 59, 377;
satellites, 241, 110;
size, 162, 163;
surface study, 238-9;
Tycho Brahe's studies, 49;
weight, 76, 77-8
Marshes, draining of, by trees, xiv, 379;
malaria and, x, 154, 300
Marsh Gas, iii, 345, 354, viii, 51;
as ignis fatuus, i, 347, 348
(see also Methane)
Marshmallow, family, xiii, 200
Marsupials, xii, 274-81;
evolution of, 271
Martens, xii, 350, 351
M t it iii 274
Martensite, viii, 274
Martha's Vineyard, waves action, iii, 56
Martin, Prof. E. G., author Physiology Vol. ix
Maryland, former volcanoes, xiv, 318;
oyster industry, xii, 61
Maskelyne, astronomer, xvi, 124;
mountain-weighing, ii, 68-9
Mass, defined, iv, 35, xvi, 130;
density and, iv, 110;
measured by beam balance, 102;
momentum in relation to, 62-3;
motion in relation to, 60-1, 63-5, 72, 78;
standard units of, 46, 69, xvi, 130;
weight and, iv, 35, 110, xvi, 130
Massage, ancient Chinese, x, 13;
effect on lymphatics, ix, 223
Massasauga, xii, 235
Mastoiditis, ix, 61-2
Matches, friction and safety, viii, 88;
invention of, xv, 232
Materialism, xi, 13-14;
in mediæval philosophy, x, 35
Materia Medica, Mesue's work on, x, 32;
17th century improvements, xvi, 109
Mathematical Astronomy, ii, 15, 113-14;
culmination of, 15, 71-2;
spectroscopic methods in, 119-24
Mathematical Calculations, development of, xv, 181-4, xvi, 61
Mathematical Machines, v, 326-7
Mathematics, coordinates used in, iv, 16;
Golden Age, ii, 15;
history of development, xvi, 54, 60-3, 68, 71-2, 79-81, 88-90,
92, 94-5, 103-5, 113-14, 118-19, 125;
practice of challenges in, iv, 89
Mather, Cotton, on disease, x, 380;
on inoculation, 101
M ti I ti t iii 116
Mating Instinct, xiii, 116
Mato Tepee, xiv, 129-30
Matter, chemical energy of, viii, 267;
chemistry, science of, 11, iv, 12;
constitution of, 21, 23, vi, 35-6, 78, 108, 109-12, viii, 22-8
(see also Atomic Theory, Electron Theory, Molecular Theory);
elasticity of, iv, 35-6;
elements of, viii, 11-12, 16-21;
energy and, iv, 12, 13-14;
energies in, xvi, 15;
energy loss, 134;
ether in, iv, 181;
fluxation idea, xvi, 194;
fourth state of, iv, 54-5, xvi, 193;
Greek theories, 77, 83-4, 86, 91, 118;
indestructibility, vi, 128, viii, 110;
inertia of, iv, 20;
kinetic theory of, 30, 131;
monad theory, xvi, 117-18;
primary concept, iv, 15, 16;
sciences of, xvi, 36-7;
states of, iv, 21-3
(see also Physical States)
Matterhorn, formation of, iii, 236
Matriarchy, xv, 295
Maudsley, Henry, inventions, v, 45-6, 99, 376
Mauna Loa, iii, 103-4, 107, xiv, 322-3;
real height and diameter, 101, 225
Maury, Lieut. M. F., i, 216, 271-2, xiv, 288
Maxim Machine Gun, v, 363, 364, 382
Maxwell, Clerk, electromagnetic theory, iv, 54, 55, vi, 25, vii,
371;
on loss of molecular energy, xvi, 134;
on motor-dynamo discovery, iv, 54;
on rings of Saturn, ii, 133, 265-6;
prediction of electromagnetic radiations, xvi, 191
M b d ti t f 181 182 (fi )
Mayans, number and time systems of, xv, 181, 182 (fig.)
May Bugs, xii, 123
Mayflies, xii, 104
Mazama, xii, 325
Mazda Lamps, vi, 267, 268;
ohms of, 75;
sizes and light, vii, 153
Mazda Nitrogen Lamps, vi, 278
Meadow Pink, xiii, 133-5
Meals, agreeable surroundings, at, ix, 241, x, 319-20;
alcohol at, ix, 244;
bathing after, 313;
eating between, 88;
excitement at, xi, 374-5;
soup value at, ix, 241, x, 320;
water at, ix, 229
Meanders, iii, 380;
in old and new areas, 33, 34, xiv, 162, 165;
intrenched, 165
Measles, Brown's treatment of, x, 89;
consumption and, 292;
eardrum affected by, ix, 103;
epidemic of 15th century, x, 59-60;
first description of, 32;
germ of, 200;
Indian susceptibility to, xv, 48, 51
Measurements, British and metric systems, iv, 45-6, 69-70, viii,
27-8;
chemical apparatus, 294, 295 (fig.);
in different fields, vii, 151-2;
sciences and standards of, xvi, 129-31
Meat, body heat production by, ix, 309, x, 271, 273;
calories in, 269;
calory loss in preparing, ix, 299;
composition, viii, 362;
cooking effects, 368;
di ti f 326
 digestion of, x, 326;
eating of, effects, ix, 384-6, x, 279;
eating of, in relation to bile, ix, 275;
food constituents in, 300;
gristle of, 13;
proteins in, 34, 35, 280;
salted, tinned and dried, x, 263;
salts and extracts of, viii, 366;
structure of lean and coarse, ix, 75;
vitamines in, x, 260, 261, 262, 266
Mechanical Advantage, iv, 89, 92, 93
Mechanical Equivalent of Heat, iv, 49-50, 140, 142, 189-90, v,
350-1, viii, 186-7, xvi, 131-3
Mechanical Progress, summary, v, 376-84
Mechanics, Volume v
Mechanics, "artisan" of physics, iv, 50;
daily applications, xvi, 16-17, 19-20, 30;
defined, iv, 25;
history, xvi, 67-8, 72, 89, 91
Medical Education, requirements of, x, 367-8, 369;
Rockefeller Foundation and, 172
Medical Humanists, x, 45
Medical Meteorology, i, 316-31
Medicine, Volume x
Medicine, history of, x, 9-192, xvi, 59, 63, 70-1, 82-3, 95-6, 98,
106-9, 112, 126-7, 178-87;
Paracelsus on science of, x, 49;
science of, remarks on, 368, xvi, 15, 37
Medicine Men, xv, 349-53, 354, 359, 365-6
Medicines, electrical application of, vii, 247-8;
quack, 240-1;
plants used as, xiii, 249-55;
specific, x, 49-50
Mediterranean Lands, climate of, xiv, 348-9, 358-9;
source of cultivated plants, 381-2
Mediterranean Racial Group, xvi, 49
M dit S i t i ili ti d i 290 306 7
Mediterranean Sea, ancient civilization around, xiv, 290, 306-7,
358, 359;
concordant coasts, 249;
darkness at depths, 298;
geology of, 290-1;
petrels of, xii, 252;
"pilgrim shell" of, 65;
salt in, viii, 139, xiv, 296, 297;
sponges of, xii, 32;
temperature of waters, xiv, 299
Mediterranean Volcanic Belt, xiv, 316-17
Medium, technical meaning, iv, 382
Medulla, xi, 28, 29, 76
Medusae (jellyfish), xii, 36
Megabar, iv, 123
Megaphones, iv, 239-40
Megatheres, xii, 283
Melampus, xii, 68-9
Melancholia, of adolescence, x, 236-7
Melancholic Temperament, xi, 153, 205
Melanesia, xiv, 277
Melanesians, beards of, xv, 38;
hair of, 38
Melting Point, iv, 153;
chemical composition and, viii, 298-301;
of various substances, iv, 161-2;
pressure and, 153, 162, 163-6
Membranes, fluid equalization through, ix, 194, xiii, 90-1;
vibrations of, iv, 101
Memory, xi, 208-17, ix;
association of ideas in, 149-51;
delayed nervous disturbances in, 141-2;
of emotions, 154;
hypnosis and, xi, 317-18;
reason and, 243-4;
right use, 378;
t f i b i 145 146 7
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