9

Special Program for Technical Vocational Education

COMPUTER SYSTEMS
SERVICING

LEARNING MATERIAL
Quarter 1
Developed by: School Year:
MARILEN A. ERMITANIO 2020 - 2021
JACKIELOU G. HAYNOR
 TANZA NATIONAL TRADE SCHOOL
Technical Vocational Education
SPTVE Computer Systems Servicing
Weekly Learning Activity Sheets

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Pages Date/ Duration

Introduction 4
Pre-Test 5 Week 1
Quarter I: INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING COMPUTER SYSTEMS (ICCS)
LO I Assemble computer hardware 8 Week 1
Information Sheet 1.1 Types of Computer 8
Self-Check 1.1 11
Task Sheet 1.1 12
Information Sheet 1.2 Computer Parts and 13
Peripherals
Self-Check 1.2 15
Activity Sheet 1.2 16
Information Sheet 1.3 System Unit and its Parts 18 Week 2
Activity 1.3 19
Information Sheet 1.3.1 PC Casing 20
Self- Check 1.3.1 25
Activity 1.3.1 26
Information Sheet 1.3.2 Storage Devices and 27
Multimedia
Self-Check 1.3.2 30
Activity 1.3.2 31
Information Sheet 1.3.3 Front and Back Panel 33
Self-Check 1.3.3 38
Activity 1.3.3 39
Information Sheet 1.3.4 Motherboard 40 Week 3
Self-Check 1.3.4 45
Activity 1.3.4 46
Information Sheet 1.3.5 Microprocessor and 48
Memory
Self-Check 1.3.5 52
Activity 1.3.5 53
Information Sheet 1.4.1 Identifying Tools, 54
Materials and Equipment
Self-Check 1.4.1 59
Activity 1.4.1 60
Information Sheet 1.4.2 Occupational Health and 61 Week 4
Safety In Computer
Assembly
Self-Check 1.4.2 66
Activity 1.4.2 66
Information Sheet 1.4.3 Computer Assembly 68
Procedures
Self-Check 1.4.3 74

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 Activity 1.4.3 75
Information Sheet 1.5. Basic Computer 76
Configuration Set Up
Self-Check 1.5 79
Activity 1.5 80
LO 2 Prepare Installer 81 Week 5
Information Sheet 2.1 Bootable Devices 81
Self-Check 2.1 84
Activity Sheet 2.1 85
Activity Sheet 2.1.a 86
Task Sheet 2.1 88
Information Sheet 2.1.1 Creating ISO File Using 89 Week 6
PowerISO
Self-Check 2.1.1 95
Task Sheet 2.1.1 96
Information Sheet 2.1.2 Creating a CD/DVD 97
Bootable Using Burnware
Software
Self-Check 2.1.2 100
Activity Sheet 2.1.2 101
Task Sheet 2.1.2 103
Information Sheet 2.1.3 Creating Bootable USB 104 Week 7
Flashdrive Using Rufus
Software
Self-Check 2.1.3 106
Activity Sheet .2.1.3 107
Task Sheet 2.1.3 108
Information Sheet 2.1.4 Creating Bootable USB 109
Flashdrive Using
DiskPart/CMD
Self-Check 2.1.4 112
Activity Sheet .2.1.4 113
Task Sheet 2.1.4 114
Information Sheet 2.2 Installers Preparations 115 Week 8
and OS Installation
Procedures
Self-Check 2.2 122
Task Sheet 2.2. 123
Information Sheet 2.3 Desktop PC Interface/ 124
Hook Up Procedures
Self-Check 2.3 130
Activity Sheet .2.3 131
Activity Sheet .2.3.A 132
Task Sheet 2.3 133
Reference 134

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 INTRODUCTION

The unit of competency "Install and Configure Computer Systems" deals

with the skills, knowledge and attitude in installing and configuring computer systems
in accordance with industry standards.

You are required to go through a series of learning activities in order to complete

each learning outcome of the learning material. Each learning outcome is provided
with Information Sheets (Reference Materials for further reading to help you better
understand the required activities). Follow these activities on your own and answer the
self-check at the end of each learning outcome. If you have questions, don’t hesitate
to ask your facilitator for assistance.

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 PRETEST

Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write the answer on separate
sheet of paper.

1. A magnetic storage device that is installed inside the computer

A. Flash drive B. hard disk C. RAM D. USB
2. Temporary storage for data and programs that are being accessed by the CPU
A. Flash drive B. hard disk C. RAM D. USB
3. A removable storage device that connects to a USB port.
A. Flash drive B. hard disk C. RAM D. USB
4. A storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media.
A. Floppy drive B. Flash drive C. ROM D. Optical drive
5. A storage device that uses removable 3.5 inch disks
A. Floppy drive B. Flash drive C. ROM D. Optical drive
6. It must be use whenever you perform a task in the workshop that is appropriate for
the tasks.
A. PPE B. safety procedure
C. safety requirements D.safety precautions
7. Which tool is used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a computer?
A. Part retriever B. cable tie C. straw D. wires
8. Destination file to be used when mounting an image file using PowerISO.
A. .iso B. .exe C. .bin D. .daa
9. Connector on the back of a computer or other device.
A. Network interface controller B. Port
C. Modem D. Firewall
10. Functions as the Central Processing Unit.
A. Microprocessor B. Specification C. Hard disk D. Operating System
11. Checks the hard disk for error.
A. Error checking B. Antivirus
C. Disk Defragmenter D. Disk Cleanup
12. These computers are used for research and exploration purposes, like for
launching space shuttles, controlling them and for space exploration purpose.
A. Supercomputer B. Mainframe C. Minicomputer D. Microcomputer
13. They are huge, towering machines with lots of processing power that are mostly
used by corporations, government agencies, and banks – organizations that need a
way to store large quantities of information.
A. Supercomputer B. Mainframe C. Minicomputer D. Microcomputer
14.An electronic device that connects computers via a telephone line, allowing the
exchange of information
A. Hub B. Router C. Modem D. Port
15. This is a device used to produce the display images on the computer screen.
A. Network Card B. Video Card C. Sound Card D. Joystick
16. It plays sounds transmitted as electrical signals from the sound card.

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 A. Speaker B. Microphone C. Joystick D. Sound Card
17. It is an output device that produces text and graphics on paper.
A. Scanner B. Printer C. Joystick D. Monitor
18. It is an input device that reads text or illustration printed on paper, translates the
information into a form that a computer can use.
A. Scanner B. Printer C. Joystick D. Monitor
19. A type of disk image composed of the data contents from every written sector on
an optical disc.
A. ISO Image B. Boot Device C. Image Viewer D. Disk Images
20. Any piece of hardware that can read or contains the files required for a computer
to start.
A. ISO Image B. Boot Device C. Image Viewer D. Disk Images
21. This error indicates a corrupt boot device
A. Disk Error B. Inaccessible Boot Device
C. Boot Error D. Not Bootable Device
22. One of the lightest of the all the software tools and offered a portable version
which you can use without having to install it.
A. Rufus B. Power ISO C. Command Prompt D. YUMIH
23. What is not a function of Computer Operating System?
A. . It manages the computer's memory and processes
B. It allows you to communicate with the computer without knowing how to speak the
computer's language.
C. It provides a graphical user interface (GUI) to the user so it can easily be used to
operate
D. An external flash drive uses the same type of non-volatile memory chips as solid
state drives and does not require power to maintain the data.
24. Which is not an Operating System?
A. Microsoft Windows B. Mac OS C. Avast D. Linux
25. What abbreviation will you type in the search box if you want to open command
prompt?
A. cmd B. Com Pro C. Comd D.CPrompt
26. Command used to view active disks on your computer
A. diskpart B. list disk C. select disk D. active
27. Command Used to remove all data in the drive
A. Clean B. Format C. Active D. diskpart
28. What keys on the keyboard will you press if you want to enter the system BIOS?
A. Ctrl or F3 B. Shift or F1 C. Del or F2 D. Tab or F4
29. What option is used if you already have a previous Windows version?
A. Custom B. Advanced C. New D. Upgrade
30. Option used if you don’t have a previous Windows version or want to install a fresh
copy of Windows 7.
A. Custom B. Original C. New D. Upgrade

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31. Early drive controller interface that connects computers and hard disk drives
which an interface that uses a 40pin connector.
A. IDE B. SATA C. SCSI D. None of the above
32. It refers to the serial version of the ATA drive controller interface.
A. IDE B. SATA C. SCSI D. None of the above
33. It is a drive controller interface that can connect up to 15 drives.
A. IDE B. SATA C. SCSI D. None of the above
34. Option to mount an image file with PowerISO from an optical disc.
A.ISO image file B. Product key
C. System Requirement D. Make CD/DVD ROM Image File
35. Enables the CPU to communicate properly with the devices built into the
motherboard.
A. BIOS B. CMOS C. CPU D. PSU
36. Clears space on a hard drive by searching for files that can be safely deleted.
A. Defrag B. Disk CleanUp C. Format D. Fdisk
37. Checks the integrity of files and folders on a hard drive by scanning the file
system. These tools might also check the disk surface for physical errors.
A. ScanDisk B. Fdisk
C. System File Checker D. Disk Management Tool
38. Optimizes space on a hard drive to allow faster access to programs and data.
A. Defrag B. Disk CleanUp C. Format D. Fdisk
39. A command-line tool that scans the operating system critical files and replaces
files that are corrupted
A. ScanDisk B. Fdisk
C. System File Checker D. Disk Management Tool
40. A command-line tool that creates and deletes partitions on a hard drive.
A. Defrag B. Disk CleanUp C. Format D. Fdisk

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 LEARNING OUTCOME 1

ASSEMBLE COMPUTER HARDWARE

INFORMATION SHEET No. 1.1

Types of Computer

Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the trainee is expected to:
1. Identify the different types of computer.
2. Recognize the function/use of each type of computer
3. Appreciate the important role of each type of computer in the community

When people think “computers,” usually it’s something like a laptop or your
office computer that comes to mind. Computers are actually all around us, and can be
broken down into separate categories depending on their size and processing power.
So what are these categories of computer types? There are four main ones:
supercomputers, mainframe computers, minicomputers, and finally microcomputers.
1. Supercomputer
The most powerful computers in terms of performance and data processing are
the Supercomputers. These are specialized and task specific computers used by large
organizations. These computers are used for research and exploration purposes, like
NASA uses supercomputers for launching space shuttles, controlling them and for
space exploration purpose.
The supercomputers are very expensive and very large in size. It can be
accommodated in large air-conditioned rooms; some super computers can span an
entire building.
Popular Supercomputers
 IBM’s Sequoia, in United States
 Fujitsu’s K Computer in Japan
 IBM’s Mira in United States
 IBM’s SuperMUC in Germany
 NUDT Tianhe-1A in China

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2. Mainframe Computer

Like supercomputers, mainframe computers are huge, towering machines with

lots of processing power. Mainframe computers are mostly used by corporations,
government agencies, and banks – organizations that need a way to store large
quantities of information. They are not the same as supercomputers. The processing
capabilities of mainframe computers are measured in MIPS, or millions of instructions
per second. Mainframes are also used as e-commerce servers, handling transactions
over the internet.

Popular Mainframe Computers

 Fujitsu’s ICL VME
 Hitachi’s Z800

3. Minicomputer
Minicomputers are used by small businesses & firms. Minicomputers are
also called as “Midrange Computers”. These are small machines and can be
accommodated on a disk with not as processing and data storage capabilities as
super-computers & Mainframes. These computers are not designed for a single user.
Individual departments of a large company or
organizations use Mini-computers for specific
purposes. For example, a production department
can use Mini-computers for monitoring certain
production process.
Popular Minicomputers
-K-202 - SDS-92
-Texas Instrument TI-990
- IBM Midrange computers

4. Microcomputer

Microcomputers are smaller computers that run on microprocessors in

their central processing units. They are much, much cheaper than supercomputers,
mainframe computers and even minicomputers, because they’re meant for everyday
uses that are more practical than professional. The range of capabilities for
microcomputers are still vast, though.

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Microcomputer can be classified as:
1. Desktops – It is more convenient to be able to connect peripherals like screens and
keyboard and computer mice that fit your
needs. In this sense, desktop computers
could be used at the office for professional
tasks, or at the home. Desktop computers
can be specialized for things like gaming
as well, equipped with high-end graphics
cards and more RAM.
2. Portables
Laptop: - This computer is similar to a desktop computers but the size is
smaller. They are expensive than desktop. The weight of laptop is around 3
to 5 kg.
Notebook: - These computers are as
powerful as desktop but size of these
computers are comparatively smaller than
laptop and desktop. They weigh 2 to 3 kg
Tablet: A flat, keyboard-less screen
(though some of them come with keyboard
attachments) that utilizes touch-screen
functionality for navigation and use.
3. Hand-helds They are also called as personal Digital Assistant (PDA). These
computers are small in size. They can be held in
hands. It is capable of doing word processing,
spreadsheets and hand writing recognition,
GAME playing, faxing and paging.
Handheld game console: Devices like the
Game Boy, Game Boy Color, Game Boy
Advance, Sega Nomad, PlayStation Portable
(PSP), and PlayStation Vita are handheld
game consoles. Just like regular consoles, these are tiny computers that let
people play games on the go.
Cellphones and smartphones: The iPhone and the Samsung Galaxy are
examples of powerful smartphones that are also mobile computers.

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Direction: Identify what is being describe in each statement. Write the answer on
separate sheet of paper.
1. They are smaller computers that run on microprocessors in their central processing
units.
2. These computers are used for research and exploration purposes, like for
launching space shuttles, controlling them and for space exploration purpose.
3. A flat, keyboard-less screen (though some of them come with keyboard
attachments) that utilizes touch-screen functionality for navigation and use.
4. They are huge, towering machines with lots of processing power that are mostly
used by corporations, government agencies, and banks – organizations that
need a way to store large quantities of information.
5. These are small machines and can be accommodated on a disk with not as
processing and data storage capabilities as super-computers & Mainframes.
6. It is more convenient to be able to connect peripherals like screens and keyboard
and computer mice that fit your needs.
7. This computer is similar to a desktop computers but the size is smaller and more
expensive.
8.
What are the
9. classification of
Microcomputers?
10.

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Direction: Utilizing the Internet and the website YouTube, view a video regarding
parts of the computer. Use the URL below:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uD0acIhi8xE

After watching the videos, answer the following questions:

1. Can you cite the function of each type of computer showed in the video
presentation?

2. What type of computer has the most important function/use? Explain your answer.

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 INFORMATION SHEET No. 1.2
Computer Parts and Peripherals

Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the learner is expected to:
1. Know the different parts and peripherals of computer
2. Identify the use of each computer parts and peripherals
3. Value the importance of each parts and peripherals in the computer system

As an aspiring computer technician, it is very important to know the different

components of a computer system. These are the hardware, software and
peopleware. Each component plays an important role, without each other computer
systems will not work properly.

Computer parts are the most common hardware in a desktop computer

system.

System unit Case CPU (Central

–A computer Processing Unit) –
case (also known also known as
as a computer processor,
chassis, responsible for
enclosure, or interpreting and
housing) is the executing most of
enclosure that the commands from
contains most of the computer’s
the components of hardware and
a computer. software.

Power Supply Motherboard – a

Unit- (PSU) is part of the computer
to which every other
connected to 220
component is
volts AC and connected.
provides 5 – 12
volts DC.
Hard disk – stores RAM (Random
and provides Access Memory) –
relatively quick measured in MB,
access to large GB where
amounts of data on the operating
an system, application
electromagnetically programs, and data
in current use are

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 charged surface or kept so that they
set of surfaces. can be quickly
reached by the
computer's process
or.

Computer peripherals are add-on hardware to the computer to expand its

abilities or improve its performance. A peripheral device is any component or piece of
equipment that expands a computer’s input, storage, and output capabilities.
Peripheral devices serve specific purpose, enhance a computer’s functions, or add
new service or additional resources.

Speaker – plays Printer - an output

sounds transmitted as device that produces
electrical signals from text and graphics on
the sound card paper.
Microphone - a device Scanner - it is an
that converts sounds to input device that
electrical signals by reads text or
means of a vibrating illustration printed on
diaphragm paper, translates the
information into a
form that a computer
can use
Joy Stick - a hand- Modem – an
held control stick that electronic device that
allows a player to connects computers
control the movements via a telephone line,
of a cursor on a allowing the
computer screen or a exchange of
symbol in a video information
game
Optical Drive – Video Card or
(CD/DVD ROM) a disk Graphic Card -
drive that device used to
uses laser light or produce the display
electromagnetic waves images on the
near the light computer screen
spectrum as part of the
process of reading or
writing data to or
from optical discs.
Sound Card – allow Network Card –
the user to hear enables computer to
sounds played by the physically connect to
OS and programs. a local area network

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Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer.
1. This is a device used to produce the display images on the computer screen.
a. Network Card b. Video Card c. Sound Card
2. It plays sounds transmitted as electrical signals from the sound card.
a. Speaker b. Microphone c. Joystick
3. It is an output device that produces text and graphics on paper.
a. Scanner b. Printer c. Joystick
4. It is an input device that reads text or illustration printed on paper, translates the
information into a form that a computer can use.
a. Scanner b. Printer c. Joystick
5. Parts that is responsible for interpreting and executing most of the commands from
the computer’s hardware and software.
a. CPU b. RAM c. PSU
6. This is connected to 220 volts AC and provides 5 – 12 volts DC.
a. CPU b. RAM c. PSU
7. It measured in MB,GB where the operating system, application programs, and data
in current use are kept so that they can be quickly reached by the
computer's processor.
a. CPU b. RAM c. PSU
8. An electronic device that connects computers via a telephone line, allowing the
exchange of information
a. Modem b. Optical Drive c. Microprocessor
9. This enables computer to physically connect to a local area network
a. Network Card b. Video Card c. Sound Card
10. A hand-held control stick that allows a player to control the movements of a
cursor on a computer screen or a symbol in a video game
a. Scanner b. Printer c. Joystick

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 I. Direction: In the puzzle below, look for the 10 hidden computer
components and give their role on the computer system.
REVEAL THE PARTS and PERIPHERALS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM

1. _________________________________________________________________
2. _________________________________________________________________

3.__________________________________________________________________
4. _________________________________________________________________
5.__________________________________________________________________
6. _________________________________________________________________
7. _________________________________________________________________
8. _________________________________________________________________
9. _________________________________________________________________
10. ________________________________________________________________

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II. After finding the hidden computer parts and peripherals and giving the function,
group them into Parts and Peripherals. Write the answer on separate sheet of paper

Parts Peripherals

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 INFORMATION SHEET No. 1.3
System Unit and Its Parts

Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the learner is expected to:
1. Understand the use of system unit
2. Operate system unit and its parts properly
3. Practice Occupational Health and Safety Procedure when using the System
Unit

A system unit is the part of the computer that houses the primary devices that
perform operations and produce results for complex calculations. It includes the
motherboard, CPU, RAM, and other components, as well as the case in which these
devices are housed. This unit performs the majority of the functions that a computer
is required to do.
The term system unit is generally used to differentiate between the computers
itself and its peripheral devices, such as the keyboard, mouse and monitor.
A system unit is also known as the chassis, or a tower in layman’s terms.
The system unit holds the system devices that perform calculations as
requested from the input device, which can range from a microprocessor to a capacitor
or system clock.
Every system device has its own function. The system unit includes the
electronic equipment that interacts simultaneously in order to perform calculations and
transfer the results to the corresponding input and output devices.

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Direction: Write all the information/ knowledge that you learned about the System Unit.

text

System
text text
Unit

text

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 INFORMATION SHEET No. 1.3.1
PC Casing

Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the trainee is expected to:
1. Classify the system unit form factors
2. Select the type of pc case for each fuction
3. Observe safety procedures at all times

PC- Case
- computer case, enclosure, case, housing, system unit case, chassis
- enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer .

Case Modding
-referred to as case modification of the computer chassis. Modding is done,
particularly by hardware enthusiasts, to show off a computer's apparent power by
showing off the internal hardware, and also to make it look aesthetically pleasing to
the owner.

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Parts of PC Case

System Case Drive Bays

Drive bays are the spaces in the system case where to mount hard disk, floppy,
CD-ROM, and other drives. They come in two general types, External & internal, and
two sizes:5.25" & 3.5".

1. External Drive Bays

They allow access to the device from the outside. Any
drive that uses removable media or has controls that must be
operated manually must go in an external drive bay. This
Includes floppy disk, CD-ROM, and removable storage drives.
2. Internal Drive Bays

If a device does not require any access from the outside

it is use an internal Bay. This means that internal drive bays are
usually for hard disk drives, w/c do not require any access by
the user.

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Case Switches
Have either two or three switches on the outside of the
box, and they are usually the same. Case switches are used
to control the operation of the PC at its most basic level.
System Case LEDs

LEDs are on the front panel, which vary greatly in style, shape and color but usually
work the same way. "LED" stands for light-emitting diode, a low-power component that
emits light when supplied with electricity. These
LEDs use the classic colors of green for power,
red for hard disk activity, and yellow for
turbo/speed. Depending on the type of case or
computer the activity light may be in any color.
It may uses special icon, often times a cylinder for hard disk.

TYPES PC CASE

DESKTOP CASE - the most classical version of case

designed to be placed on top of a desk/table and usually
5”-8”.

TOWER CASE - used to be kept on the floor or on top of a computer desk

depending on the number of internal drive bays
and classified into mini-size tower, mid-size
tower, and full-size tower.

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Classification of Tower Case

Full-Size Tower
Mini-Size Tower Mid-Size Tower

Mini-cases normally The most widely used It is commonly employed

stand at a height of 12-16 computer cases in the design of servers,
inches. worldwide and are ideally mainframes, and
suitable for any type of advanced workstations
computer irrespective of that can handle multiple
whether it is a simple, applications. Full-sized
business, or any cases are generally huge
advanced system. The with a height of 24-36
normal height of a mid- inches.
size tower is 16-24inches.

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PC CASE FORM FACTOR

AT (Advanced Baby AT
Technology) - -IBM -scaled down
compatible PC’S model/ version of
AT

LPX – (Low Profile ATX (Advanced

Extended) designed Technology
by Western Digital Extended)
the goal of the LPX -integrates all the
design is to reduce input/output ports
the size and cost into the
of the PC system motherboard and
box. supports a more
efficient and
simpler power
supply connector
than the AT.
BTX - has not
been widely
adopted despite
its improvements
over ATX . As a
result, the
availability and
variety of
component is
limited.

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Direction: Identify what is being described in each statement. Write your answer on
separate sheet of paper.
1. It referred to as case modification of the computer chassis.
2. The spaces in the system case where to mount hard disk, floppy, CD-ROM, and
other drives.
3. Used to control the operation of the PC at its most basic level.
4. Integrates all the input/output ports into the motherboard and supports a more
efficient and simpler power supply connector than the AT.
5. The most classical version of case designed to be placed on top of a desk/table
and usually 5”-8”.
6. Used to be kept on the floor or on top of a computer desk depending on the
number of internal drive bays and classified into mini-size tower, mid-size tower,
and full-size tower.
7. The most widely used computer cases worldwide and are ideally suitable for any
type of computer irrespective of whether it is a simple, business, or any advanced
system.
8. They allow access to the device from the outside.
9. It is an enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer and also
known as chassis or housing.
10. It was designed by Western Digital and is design to reduce the size and cost of
the PC system box.

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I. Direction: Identify the different parts of the PC Case.

II. Fill in the blanks.

PC CASE

1. Types of PC Case
a. _____________________
b. _____________________
i. _____________________
ii _____________________
iii _____________________
2. PC Case Form Factor
a. _____________________
b. _____________________
c. _____________________
d. _____________________
e. _____________________

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 INFORMATION SHEET No. 1.3.2
Storage Drives and Multimedia

Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the learner is expected to:
1. Understand the organization and process of data
2. Describe how data is stored on a disk
3. Understand and appreciate the benefits of multimedia

STORAGE DRIVES
Storage drives read or write information on magnetic or optical storage media.
The drive can be used to store data permanently or to retrieve information from a
media disk. Storage drives can be installed inside the computer case, such as a hard
drive. For portability, some storage drives can connect to the computer using a USB
port, a FireWire port, or an SCSI port. These portable storage drives are sometimes
referred to as removable drives and can be used on multiple computers. Here are
some common types of storage drives: Floppy drive, Hard drive, Optical drive and
Flash drive.

Floppy Disk Drive

A floppy drive, or floppy disk drive, is a storage device that
uses removable 3.5-inch floppy disks. These magnetic floppy disks
can store 720 KB or 1.44 MB of data. In a computer,
the floppy drive is usually configured as the A: drive.
The floppy drive can be used to boot the computer if it contains a bootable
floppy disk. A 5.25-inch floppy drive is older technology and is seldom used.

Hard Disk Drive

A hard drive, or hard disk drive, is a magnetic storage
device that is installed inside the computer. The hard drive is
used as permanent storage for data. In a Windows computer,
the hard drive is usually configured as the C: drive and contains
the operating system and applications. The hard drive is often
configured as the first drive in the boot sequence. The storage
capacity of a hard drive is measured in billions of bytes, or
gigabytes (GB). The speed of a hard drive is measured in revolutions per minute
(RPM). Multiple hard drives can be added to increase storage capacity.

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 Traditional hard drives are magnetic. Magnetic hard drives have drive motors
designed to spin magnetic platters and the drive heads. In contrast, the newer solid
state drives (SSDs) do not have moving parts. Because there are no drive motors and
moving parts, the SSD uses far less energy than the magnetic hard drive. Non-volatile
flash memory chips manage all storage on an SSD, which results in faster access to
data, higher reliability, and reduced power usage. SSDs have the same form factor as
magnetic hard drives and use ATA or SATA interfaces. SSDs can be installed as a
replacement for magnetic drives.

Form Factor
3 ½” Form Factor - Most commonly used in contemporary desktop PCs
and servers
2 ½” Form Factor - mainly used by laptop and notebook.
1.8” Form Factor - mounts seamlessly in PC card (formerly called
PCMCIA) slot and for easy expansion of laptop and notebook
1” Form Factor - called MicroDrive by IBMfor Digital cameras, PDAs,
and MP3 players

Optical Drive
An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers
to read data on the optical media. It uses laser light or
electromagnetic waves within or near the visible light
spectrum as part of the process of reading or writing data.
There are three types of optical drives: Compact Disc (CD),
Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD).
CD, DVD, and BD media can be pre-recorded (read-only), recordable (write
once), or rewritable (read and write multiple times).

External Flash Drive

An external flash drive, also known as a thumb drive, is a
removable storage device that connects to a USB port. An external
flash drive uses the same type of non-volatile memory chips as solid
state drives and does not require power to maintain the data. These drives can be
accessed by the operating system in the same way that other types of drives are
accessed.

28
Types of Drive Interfaces
Hard drives and optical drives are manufactured with different interfaces that
are used to connect the drive to the computer. To install a storage drive in a computer,
the connection interface on the drive must be the same as the controller on the
motherboard. Here are some common drive interfaces:
IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics, also called Advanced
Technology Attachment (ATA) is an early drive controller interface
that connects computers and hard disk drives. An IDE interface
uses a 40-pin connector.

SATA – Serial ATA refers to the serial version of the ATA drive
controller interface. A SATA interface uses a 7-pin data connector.

SCSI – Small Computer System Interface is a drive controller interface that can
connect up to 15 drives. SCSI can connect both internal and external drives.
An SCSI interface uses a 50-pin, 68-pin, or 80-pin connector.

29
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on separate
sheet of paper.

1. A storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media.
a. Optical Disk Drive c. Hard Disk Drive
b. Floppy Disk Drive d. Flash Drive
2. A storage device that uses removable 3.5-inch disks.
a. Optical Disk Drive c. Hard Disk Drive
b. Floppy Disk Drive d. Flash Drive
3. A magnetic storage device that is installed inside the computer.
a. Optical Disk Drive c. Hard Disk Drive
b. Floppy Disk Drive d. Flash Drive
4. Early drive controller interface that connects computers and hard disk drives which
an interface that uses a 40pin connector.
a. IDE b. SATA c. SCSI d. None of the above
5. A removable storage device that connects to a USB port.
a. Optical Disk Drive c. Hard Disk Drive
b. Floppy Disk Drive d. Flash Drive
6. It is used as permanent storage for data.
a. Optical Disk Drive c. Hard Disk Drive
b. Floppy Disk Drive d. Flash Drive
7. It refers to the serial version of the ATA drive controller interface.
a. IDE b. SATA c. SCSI d. None of the above
8. It is a drive controller interface that can connect up to 15 drives.
a. IDE b. SATA c. SCSI d. None of the above
9. It uses the same type of non-volatile memory chips as solid state drives and does
not require power to maintain the data.
a. Optical Disk Drive c. Hard Disk Drive
b. Floppy Disk Drive d. Flash Drive
10. Hard Disk form factor that is mainly used by laptop and notebook.
a. 3 ½ “ Form Factor c. 2 ½ “ Form Factor
b. 1.8” Form Factor d. 1 “ Form Factor

30
Direction: After the teacher discussed the storage drives, what do you think are they
talking about? Fill in the bubbles and make your own story.

31
 Performance Criteria
1 2 3 4
REQUIRED Comic Strip Comic Strip Comic Strip Comic Strip
ELEMENTS includes few, includes includes includes all
 characters if any, some most required
 dialogue required required required elements
 narration elements. elements. elements. as well as
 transitions additional
elements.
SEQUENCE OF No planning The The The sequence
EVENTS evident; sequence of sequence of of
disorganized. events has events has events has
many errors. some errors. very
few, if any,
errors.
LANDSCAPE & Landscape Landscape Landscape Landscape
PROPS and props are and props and props and
not chosen or relate to the relate to the props relate to
do not make action and action and the action and
sense. characters in characters in characters in
one frame. most frames. all
frames.
CLARITY & Comic Strip is Comic Strip is Comic Strip Comic Strip is
NEATNESS hard to read somewhat is easy to read
and few easy to read easy to read and
elements are and some and most all elements
clearly written elements are elements are are
and drawn. clearly written clearly clearly written
and drawn. written and drawn.
and drawn.
MECHANICS There are There are There are There are very
numerous some few few, if any,
spelling, spelling, spelling, spelling,
punctuation, punctuation, punctuation, punctuation, or
or grammar or or grammar grammar
errors. grammar errors that do errors.
patterns of not interfere
errors with
evident. meaning.

32
 INFORMATION SHEET No. 1.3.3
Front and Back Panel

Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the learner is expected to:
1. Analyze the back panel ports and front panel button/switch of a system unit
2. Demonstrate how to use the front panel button/switch
3. Observe precautionary measures when inserting the cables to the back panel
port

Each computer is different, so the buttons, ports, and sockets will vary from
computer to computer. However, there are certain ones you can expect to find on most
desktop computers. Learning how these ports are used will help whenever you need
to connect something to your computer, like a new printer, keyboard, or mouse.

BACK PANEL

The back panel is the portion of the motherboard that allows you to
connect external devices, such as your monitor, speakers, keyboard, and mouse. The
back panel is on the edge of the motherboard. When installing the motherboard, this
side of the motherboard would be on the back side of the case and is inserted into the
cases I/O plate.

33
Ports
External connecting sockets on the outside of the computer. This is a pathway
into and out of the computer. A port lets users plug in outside peripherals, such as
monitors, scanners and printers.

Type of Port Function Illustration

Serial Port Intended for serial type mouse
and older camera

Parallel Port Also called as printer port. This

is only for old model printer. It
has 25 pins. It is a female port.
VGA (Video Used to connect monitors. It
Graphic Array) has 15 pins and it is a female
Port port.
USB (Universal High speed serial interface that
Serial Bus) Port is used with almost all devices.
It
is used to connect latest model
printers, pen drives, cell phones
etc. it has 4 pins.
PS/2 Port Simple, 6-pin, low-speed serial
connections commonly
dedicated
to a keyboard (purple) and
mouse (green)
Power Port Intended for power cord.

S-Video Port S-Video connections are

available on certain 18 source
components and video display
devices, and offer a higher level
of video performance over
composite video signals.
LAN (Local Area A physical interface often used
Networking) Port for terminating twisted pair type
cables used to connect
computers onto a local-area
networks (LAN), especially
Ethernet RJ-45 connectors
DVI (Digital a video interface standard
Visual Interface) designed to provide very high

34
 visual quality on digital display
devices such as flat panel LCD
computer displays and digital
projectors
HDMI (High- connects digital audio/video
Definition sources such as Blu-ray Disc
Multimedia players and LCD TV
Interface)
Sound or Audio Connectors on the sound cards
Port are color coded as per the PC
System Design Guide. They will
also have symbols with arrows,
holes and sound waves that are
associated with each jack
position:
Pink -
Analog microphone audio input.
Blue - Analog line level audio
input.
Green - Analog line level audio
output for the main stereo
signal (front speakers or
headphones).

Cables and Wires

A cable is most often two or more wires running side by side and bonded,
twisted or braided together to form a single assembly, but can also refer to a heavy
strong rope.

Illustration Function
These jacks are intended for the PS/2
port specifically for PS/2 type of
keyboard and mouse.

This type of jack is intended for the

audio and microphone port.

S-video jack is obviously for S-Video

port

35
 This monitor jack is intended for the
VGA (Video Graphic Array) port

This USB (Universal Serial Bus) plug is

intended for USB port. Modern or new
model of peripherals like printer,
camera, scanners and even other
portable
computer attachments used USB type
of plugs.
This printer cable jack is intended for
the parallel port.

RJ45 ("RJ" in RJ45 stands for

"registered jack," since it is a
standardized networking interface and
the "45" simply refers to the number of
the interface standard) is a type of
connector commonly used for Ethernet
networking.
Power cord is the most important cord
because it connects the computer to the
main source of electricity to make it
functional.
This is intended for HDMI (High
Definition Multimedia Interface) port.

FRONT PANEL

The front of the computer console is for the user. You use the front of the
console to interact with the computer system directly. From the front of the console,
you can add or remove disks, observe lights, punch buttons, and perhaps even plug
one or two special items into the PC’s tummy.

Optical Disc Drive - Often called a CD-

ROM or DVD-ROM drive, this lets your
computer read CDs and DVDs.
Power Button - The power button is used to
power the computer on and off.
Audio In/ Audio Out - Many computers
include audio ports on the front of the
computer case that allow you to easily

36
 connect speakers, microphones, and headsets without fumbling with the
back of the computer.
USB Port - Most desktop computers have several USB ports. These can be
used to connect almost any type of device, including mice, keyboards, printers,
and digital cameras. They will often appear on the front and back of the
computer.
Reset Button – A button or switch that allows you to reset the computer. When
you press it, the computer will enter its start-up procedure as if you turned the
power off and then on again. Generally, you would use it only when a program
error has caused the computer to hang.
Tray Open Button – Use to eject the optical-drive tray manually if the optical
drive button fails

System Panel Connector

Alternatively referred to as the fpanel or front panel

connector, the system panel connector or system panel
header controls a computer power button, reset button,
and LED's. The System panel cables, are two wire cables
that are color-coded to help identify where they connect to
the motherboard system panel connector. The black or
white wire is the GND (ground) wire and the colored wire is
the powered wire. The cables, colors, and connections vary
depending on the computer case and motherboard you
have.

Types of system panel cables

HDD LED (IDE LED) - The LED activity light for the hard drive. This indicator
is the light that flashes as information is being written to and read from the
hard drive.
PLED (Power LED) - The LED power light, which indicates when the
computer is on, off, or in Standby.
PWRSW (Power SW) - Controls the power button that allows you to turn on
and off the computer.
Reset SW - Handles the reset button to restart the computer.
Speaker - The internal speaker used to sound the beep noises you hear from
your computer when it is booting.

37
Direction: Match the back panel ports with its cables/wires in Column B. Write your
answer on separate sheet of paper.

A. B.

1. a.

2. b.

3. c.

4. d.

5. e.

6. f.

7. g.

8. h.

9. i.

10. j.

38
I. Direction: Write the name of each port in the back panel. Write your answer
on separate sheet of paper.

II. Write the name of each button/ switch in the front panel.

39
 INFORMATION SHEET No. 1.3.4
Motherboard

Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the learner is expected to:
1. Identify the different type and form factor of motherboard
2. Describe the function of each parts and components of a motherboard
3. Recognize the importance of cooling system in a computer system

A motherboard provides connectivity between the hardware components of a

computer, like the processor (CPU), memory (RAM), hard drive, and video card. There
are multiple types of motherboards, designed to fit different types and sizes of
computers.
Alternativey referred to as the mb,
mainboard, mboard, mobo, mobd, backplane
board, base board, main circuit board, planar
board, system board, or a logic board on Apple
computers. The motherboard is a printed circuit
board and foundation of a computer that is the
biggest board in a computer chassis. It allocates
power and allows communication to and between
the CPU, RAM, and all other
computer hardware components.
Each type of motherboard is designed to
work with specific types of processors and memory, so they are not capable of working
with every processor and type of memory. However, hard drives are mostly universal
and work with the majority of motherboards, regardless of the type or brand.
The slots, ports and components found on a motherboard include:

Expansion Slots - An opening or port on the motherboard that enable to

expand or enhance the capabilities of the system by adding components.

40
- Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)- connections for video, sound
and video capture cards, as well as network cards
- Peripheral Component Interconnect Express (PCIE) - PCIE 1x – carries
250MB/s compared to 133MB/s for PCI slots and can be used for expansion
cards such as sound cards and ethernet cards
- AMR (Audio Modem Riser) Slot - This slot is for a card with an audio codec
chip and/or a modem circuit. A riser expansion slot found on the
motherboards of some Pentium III, Pentium IV, Duron, and Athlon.
- Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) - Is a high-speed point-to-point channel
for attaching a video card to a computer’s motherboard, primarily assist in
the acceleration of computer graphics.
- Integrated Drive Electronics (IDE) - interfaces for the hard drive

RAM slots - slots that hold the RAM chips of your computer.

CPU socket/slot - where the Central Processing Unit or microprocessor is

located

Chipset - determines the type of processor the motherboard accepts, the type
of capacity of RAM, and what sort of internal and external devices the
motherboard supports. It serves as electronic interfaces through which the
CPU, RAM, and input/output device interact.
- Northbridge (Memory Controller Hub) -allows communication between the
CPU, memory and video cards
- Southbridge – (I/O Controller Hub) -controller for components for expansion
cards.

Basic Input / Output System (BIOS) - enables the CPU to

communicate properly with the devices built into the motherboard.

41
CMOS Battery - used to allow the CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide
Semiconductor) / System Setup Utility (a BIOS interface) to keep its settings.

Back Panel – portion of the motherboard that allows you to connect external
devices, such as monitor, keyboard and mouse.
CPU Power Connector – where 4 pin 12V power cable is connected
ATX Power Connector – main power connector of the power supply is
connected
Front Panel – where the connectors of hard disk drive activity lights, case
speaker, reset button, power on/off button, computer power on light and key
lock are connected to make them function smoothly

42
Types of Motherboard

Non-integrated - A non-integrated system board uses installable components

and expansion cards. Most of the older motherboards were Non-Integrated.
Integrated – Supports many on-board peripherals. It tends to free up some
space inside the case and allows for better accessibility and air flow.

The shape and layout of a motherboard is called the form factor. The form
factor affects where individual components go and the shape of the computer's case.
There are several specific form factors that most PC motherboards use so that they
can all fit in standard cases.

The form factor is just one of the many standards that apply to motherboards.
Some of the other standards include:

The socket for the microprocessor determines what kind of Central

Processing Unit (CPU) the motherboard uses.
The chipset is part of the motherboard's logic system and is usually made of
two parts -- the northbridge and the southbridge.
The Basic Input/Output System (BIOS) chip controls the most basic functions
of the computer and performs a self-test every time you turn it on. Some
systems feature dual BIOS, which provides a backup in case one fails or in
case of error during updating.
The real time clock chip is a battery-operated chip that maintains basic
settings and the system time.

Motherboard Form Factors

Form Factor Description Illustration

AT (Advanced Invented by IBM, usually it has

Technology) DIN connector and split P8/P9
style of power socket.

Low Profile Used by branded PC’s like

Extended (LPX) COMPAQ. The main features of
LPX is the lack of slots

43
Advanced It improved number of external
Technology connectors designed to support
Extended (ATX) the increasing demands
peripherals

Balance It was originally intended to be

Technology replacement for the aging ATX
Extended (BTX) motherboard in late 2004. The
first company to implement BTX
is Gateway Inc., followed by Dell
and MPC.

Cooling System

Fan – provides extra cooling for key component. Ex. CPU, motherboard, power
supply
Heat sink – a thermal conductive metal device designed to absorb and disperse
heat away from a high temperature object such as a computer processor. Made
up of metal, such as a copper or aluminum alloy, and are attached to the
processor

44
Direction: Identify what is being described in each statement. Write your answer on
separate sheet of paper.

1. It was the portion of the motherboard that allows you to connect external devices,
such as monitor, keyboard and mouse.
2. Determines the type of processor the motherboard accepts, the type of capacity of
RAM, and what sort of internal and external devices the motherboard supports.
3. Enables the CPU to communicate properly with the devices built into the
motherboard.
4. A printed circuit board and foundation of a computer that is the biggest board in a
computer chassis.
5. Is a high-speed point-to-point channel for attaching a video card to a computer’s
motherboard, primarily assist in the acceleration of computer graphics
6. The shape and layout of a motherboard
7. Used to allow the CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) / System
Setup Utility (a BIOS interface) to keep its settings.
8. An opening or port on the motherboard that enable to expand or enhance the
capabilities of the system by adding components.
9. Type of motherboard that tends to free up some space inside the case and allows
for better accessibility and air flow
10. Invented by IBM, usually it has DIN connector and split P8/P9 style of power
socket.

45
9

I. Direction: Identify the components and slots in the motherboard. Write the
answer on separate sheet of paper.

3
4
1 2 5

10

7
9

II. Direction: Answer the crossword puzzle below .

46
Across
1. Provides extra cooling for key component. Ex. CPU, motherboard, power supply
3. Controller for components for expansion cards.
4. Made of two parts -- the northbridge and the southbridge.
7. Type of motherboard that supports many on-board peripherals
9. Provides connectivity between the hardware components of a computer, like the
processor (CPU), memory (RAM), hard drive, and video card.

Down
2. Thermal conductive metal device designed to absorb and disperse heat away from
a high temperature object such as a computer processor
5. Enables the CPU to communicate properly with the devices built into the
motherboard
6. Where the connectors of HDD activity lights, case speaker, reset button, power
on/off button, computer power on light and key lock are connected
8. Can be used for expansion cards such as sound cards and ethernet cards
10. Allows communication between the CPU, memory and video cards

47
 INFORMATION SHEET No. 1.3.5
Microprocessor and Memory

Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the learner is expected to:
1. Understand the key component of CPU
2. Describe the main function of CPU
3. Value the importance of microprocessor in the computer system

A microprocessor is an integrated circuit (IC) which

incorporates core functions of a computer’s central
processing unit (CPU). It is a programmable multipurpose
silicon chip, clock driven, register based, accepts binary
data as input and provides output after processing it as per
the instructions stored in the memory.
Each click of the clock is measured in millions or
billions of cycles per second.
Hertz (Hz) -One cycle per second.
Megahertz (MHz) -One million cycles per
second.
Gigahertz (GHz) -One billion cycles per second.

CPU contains 3 basic components:

Memory Interface
Control unit
Arithmetic Logic Unit

Block Diagram of a Computer

48
How does a Microprocessor works?
A processor is the brain of a computer which basically consists of Arithmetical
and Logical Unit (ALU), Control Unit and Register Array. As the name indicates ALU
performs all arithmetic and logical operations on the data received from input devices
or memory. Register array consists of a series of registers like accumulator (A), B, C,
D etc. which acts as temporary fast access memory locations for processing data. As
the name indicates, control unit controls the flow of instructions and data throughout
the system. So basically a microprocessor takes input from input devices, process it
as per instructions given in the memory and produces output.

CPU Manufacturer
INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS INTELLIGENCE (Intel) -
world’s largest chipmaker and founded on July 18, 1968

ADVANCED MICRO DEVICES (AMD) - was founded on May

1, 1969. It was Intel’s chief rival in the PC chip market and
produces CPU like Intel but a lower price

Types of CPU
Slot Type

Socket Type

49
MEMORY
Although memory is technically any form of electronic storage, it is used most
often to identify fast, temporary forms of storage. If your computer's CPU had to
constantly access the hard drive to retrieve every piece of data it needs, it would
operate very slowly. When the information is kept in memory, the CPU can access it
much more quickly. Most forms of memory are intended to store data temporarily.
The CPU accesses memory according to a distinct hierarchy. Whether it comes
from permanent storage (the hard drive) or input (the keyboard), most data goes in
random access memory (RAM) first. The CPU then stores pieces of data it will need
to access, often in a cache, and maintains certain special instructions in the register.

Read-only memory (ROM)

This chips are located in the
motherboard. ROM chips contain instructions
that can be directly accessed by the CPU.
Basic instructions for booting the computer
and loading the operating system are stored in
ROM. ROM chips retain their contents even
when the computer is powered down. The
contents cannot be erased or changed by
normal means.

Random access memory (RAM)

It is the temporary storage for data and programs that are being accessed by
the CPU. RAM is volatile memory, which means that the contents are erased when
the computer is powered off. The more RAM in a computer, the more capacity the
computer has to hold and process large programs and files, as well as enhance system
performance.
Early computers had RAM installed in the motherboard as individual chips.
The individual memory chips, called dual inline package (DIP) chips, was difficult to
install and often became loose on the motherboard. To solve this problem, designers
soldered the memory chips on a special circuit board called a memory module.

Here are some types of memory modules:

Name Illustration

Dual Inline Package (DIP)

50
 Single Inline Memory Module
(SIMM)

Dual Inline Memory Module

(DIMM)

RAMBus Inline Memory Module

(RIMM)

Small Outline Dual Inline Memory

Module (SODIMM).

SIMMs have 30-pin and 72-pin configurations. DIMM is a circuit board that
holds SDRAM, DDR SDRAM and DDR2 SDRAM.
The speed of memory has a direct impact on how much data a processor can
process because faster memory improves the performance of the processor. As
processor speed increases, memory speed must also increase. For example, single-
channel memory is capable of transferring data at 64 bits. Dual-channel memory
increases speed by using a second channel of memory, creating a data transfer rate
of 128 bits.
Double Data Rate (DDR) technology doubles the maximum bandwidth of
SDRAM. DDR2 offers faster performance while using less energy. DDR3 operates at
even higher speeds than DDR2; however, none of these DDR technologies are
backward- or forwardcompatible.
Even with a wide and fast bus, it still takes longer for data to get from the
memory card to the CPU than it takes for the CPU to actually process the data.
Caches are designed to alleviate this bottleneck by making the data used most often
by the CPU instantly available. Registers are memory cells built right into the CPU
that contain specific data needed by the CPU, particularly the Arithmetic and Logic
Unit (ALU). An integral part of the CPU itself, they are controlled directly by the
compiler that sends information for the CPU to process.

51
Direction: Answer the following questions: Write the answer on separate sheet of
paper.

1. What is the brain of a computer which basically consists of Arithmetical and Logical
Unit (ALU), Control Unit and Register Array?
2. What are memory cells built right into the CPU that contain specific data needed by
the CPU, particularly the Arithmetic and Logic Unit (ALU)?
3. What are the special circuit board that memory chips are soldered?
4. What is the temporary storage for data and programs that are being accessed by
the CPU?
5. What is the world’s largest chipmaker and founded on July 18, 1968?
6. What chips can retain their contents even when the computer is powered down?
7. Which are designed to alleviate this bottleneck by making the data used most often
by the CPU instantly available.
8 – 10 What are the 3 basic components of a CPU?

52
I. Direction: The keywords below are associated with CPU. Explain the meaning
of each keyword.

ALL ABOUT CPU

CPU

Hertz
Processor

Cache

ALU

II. Draw the block diagram of a computer. (10pts)

53
 INFORMATION SHEET No. 1.4.1
Identifying Tools, Materials and Equipment

Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the learner is expected to:
1. Discover the different types of tools and learn their functions
2. Select a best tool and equipment on a certain job
3. Learn environmental Safety and Health programs requirements

Tools
A tool is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task. Tools range from
a traditional metal cutting part of a machine to an element of a computer program that
activates and controls a particular function. A tool is any physical item that can be
used to achieve a goal, especially if the item is not consumed in the process.

HARDWARE TOOLS
To complete hardware repairs, it is important to have a toolkit that should
contain all of the necessary tools. As you gain experience, you will learn which tools
to have available for different types of jobs. Hardware tools are grouped into these four
categories:
1. Electro-Static Tools - Static electricity is easily generated by friction on carpets,
tile flooring, clothing, hair, fabric, and etc. The friction of moving air alone will charge
suspended particles and cause the buildup of static electrical charges on people and
objects in the environment. Grounded antistatic work mats used with antistatic wrist
straps provide the most basic means for the controlled discharge of electrostatic
electricity. Examples of ESD Tools:

Anti-static wrist strap – used to prevent ESD damage to computer equipment.

Anti-static mat – used to stand on or place hardware on to prevent static
electricity from building up.
2. Hand Tool - A hand tool is a device for performing work on a material or a physical
system using only hands. The hand tools can be manually used employing force, or
electrically powered, using electrical current. Examples of Hand Tools:

54
 Flat head screwdriver – used to loosen or tighten slotted screws.
Philips head screwdriver – used to loosen or tighten crosshead screws.
Torx screwdriver - used to loosen or tighten screws that have a star-like
depression on the top, a feature that is mainly found on laptop.
Hex driver – sometimes called a nut driver, is used to tighten nuts in the same
way that a screwdriver tightens screws.
Needle-nose plier – used to hold small parts.
Wire cutter – used to strip and cut wires.
Tweezers – used to manipulate small parts.
Part retriever – used to retrieve parts from location that are to small for your
hand to fit.
Flashlight – used to light up areas that you cannot see well.
Crimping Tool - Use to crimp RJ45 to UTP cable. It also have a cutting edge.

3. Cleaning Tools - Having the appropriate cleaning tools is essential when

maintaining or repairing computers. Using these tools ensures that computer
components are not damaged during cleaning. Examples:

Lint-free cloth – used to clean different computer components without

scratching or leaving debris.
Compressed air – used to blow away dust and debris from different computer
parts without touching the components.

55
 Cable ties – used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a computer.
Parts organizer – used to hold screw, jumpers, fasteners and other small parts
and prevents them from getting mixed together.
4. Diagnostic Tools - Computers are easier to use and more dependable with each
new generation of hardware and operating system update, but that doesn't mean
they're problem-free. Here's the most popular tools for diagnosing your computer
problems:

Multimeter – used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality of electricity in
computer components.
Loopback Adapter – used to test the functionality of computer ports.

Materials
A physical substance that things can be made from and usually refer to as
the consumables. Here are the examples:

LAN Card – is a network interface card. This is a computer circuit board or

card that is installed in a computer so that it can be connected to a network.
UTP Cable - Short for unshielded twisted pair, two unshielded wires twisted
around each other. used extensively for Local Area Network and telephone
connections.
RJ45 - is the connector plugged into the NIC ports on computers and often
connecting the main networking hardware together

56
 Cable Tie- A cable tie, also known as a hose tie, zap-strap, or zip tie or tie-wrap,
is a type of fastener, designed for bunching electric cables or wires and to
organize cables and wires
RAM (Random Access Memory) - This memory is used inside the computer
to hold programs and data while it is running.
BIOS - chip that controls the most basic functions of the computer and performs
a self-test every time you turn it on.
Power Supply Unit – converts mains AC to low voltage regulated DC Power for
the internal components of a computer.
Motherboard
Central Processing Unit
PC Case
Fan
Heat sink
CD’s/ DVD

Equipment
It is the necessary items for a particular purpose. Here are the examples

Server - a special computer that users on the network can asses to carry out a
particular job
Desktop Computers - use to perform various tasks. Data storage and
processing are the important tasks. It makes our work easier
Port/ Hub - a connector on the back of a computer or other device. A port is
either a serial port or a parallel port.

57
Modem - a device that allows a given computer to share data or otherwise a
device which let computers exchange information
Scanner - an input device that read text or illustration printed on paper,
translates the information into a form that a computer can use
Printer - a piece of hardware that produces a paper copy (also known as
‘hardcopy’) of that data
AVR (Automatic Voltage Regulator) - a electronic device for automatically
maintaining generator output terminal voltage at a set value under varying load
and operating temperature.
UPS (Uninterrupted Power Supply) - A device that provides battery backup
when the electrical power fails or drops to an unacceptable voltage level.

58
Direction: Complete the crossword puzzle below. Write the answer on separate sheet
of paper.

Across Down
2. A special computer that users on the 1. A connector on the back of a computer
network can assess to carry out a 2. An input device that read text printed
particular job on paper, translates the information
5. A physical substance that things can into a from that a computer can use
be made from 3. It is necessary items for a particular
6. Used to test the integrity of circuits and purpose
the quality of electricity in computer 4. A handheld device that aids in
components accomplishing a task
7. A piece of hardware that produces a 6. A device that allows a given computer
paper copy of that data to share data or otherwise a device which
8. Used to manipulate small parts let computers exchange information

59
Direction: Classify the following items according to their function/uses.

1. Computer case 11. Server 21. RJ45

2. Computer 12. Hub 22. Scanner
3. Pliers 13. Flashlight 23. UPS
4. Screw drivers 14. AVR 24. CD
5. Printer 15. RAM 25. Cable Ties
6. Anti-static wrist strap 16. Long Nose 26. Crimping Tool
7. Cables 17. Anti-static Mat 27. Loop Back Adapter
8. Modem 18. Power Supply Unit 28. BIOS
9. Motherboard 19. CMOS Battery 29. Cleaning Brush
10. CPU Fan 20. LAN Card 30. Heat Sink

TOOLS MATERIALS EQUIPMENT

60
 INFORMATION SHEET No. 1.4.2
Occupational Health and Safety Procedures in
Computer Assembly and Disassembly

Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the learner is expected to:
1. Understand the safety precautions when disassembling and assembling a
system unit
2. Apply OHS procedures in installing devices, systems, networking devices, and
peripherals
3. Respond to unplanned events or conditions in accordance to established
procedures

Occupational Health and Safety

OHS or Occupational Health and Safety refers to the legislation, policies, procedures and
activities that aim to protect the health, safety and welfare of all people at the workplace
Reminders before you start disassembling your computer tower to keep both
your unit and yourself safe. And always remember on these “doesn’t fit doesn’t
belong”.

Read and follow instruction on the manual carefully.

Do not work alone so that there’s someone who can take care of you in case
of accident or emergency.

61
Always power off and unplug the computer before working on it.

Take off any metal objects on your arms or fingers such as bracelets, rings or
watches. Even if your unit is unplugged, there may still be some remaining
electric charge.

Always ground or discharge yourself before touching any part of the

computer (such as the computer casing) and make sure your hands are
completely dry to avoid damaging any mechanical parts as well as to avoid
electrocution.

Be careful with the tools that may cause short circuit (such as screw drivers)

62
Handle all parts with care. Place each piece you remove carefully down onto a
stable surface, if a component does not come out easily, do not use excessive
force if things don’t quite slip into place or when you’re removing it. Instead,
check if you are removing it correctly and no wires still connected in the
hardware.

Always full the cable connector on the handle and not on the cable itself

Make sure that the pins are properly aligned when connecting a cable
connector.

Take away any liquid such as mineral water or soft drinks near your working
area or near computers, the three of the most damaging things to a computer
are moisture (sweat, drinking water), shock (electric or from being dropped) and
dust (any debris from household dust to bits of food)

63
 .

Personal protective equipment is correctly used in accordance with

organization OHS procedures and practice.

Take necessary precautions to protect the component of the computer from

damaged cause by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD).

Hold the components by edges and do not touch the IC’s.

64
 Clean the area before and after using it to maintain sanitation and prevent
accidents

Contingency measures during workplace accidents, fire and other

emergencies are recognized

Use brush, compressed air or blower in cleaning the computer system

Health and Safety procedure is the responsibility of all persons in the computer
and technology industries.

65
Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is not correct. Write
the answer on separate sheet of paper.
1. Take necessary precautions to protect the component of the computer from
damaged cause by Electrostatic Discharge (ESD).
2. .Always power on and plug the computer before working on it.
3. Health and Safety procedure is the responsibility of only the leader in the computer
and technology industries.
4. Always ground or discharge yourself before touching any part of the computer.
5. Hold the components in the pins and touch the IC’s on its body.
6. Make sure that the pins are properly aligned when connecting a cable connector.
7. Do not work alone so that there’s someone who can take care of you in case of
accident or emergency.
8. Put your drinks beside you while assembling and disassembling the computer so
you can easily get it when you need it.
9. Always full the cable itself and not the handle of cable connector
10. Be careful with the tools that may cause short circuit (such as screw
drivers)

I. Making a Poster about observing Occupational Health and Safety inside the
computer Laboratory when assembling and Disassembling a Computer
II. Materials
Short Bond Paper
Pencil
Ruler
Coloring Materials (Crayons, Color Pencil)

66
 Performance Criteria
4 3 2 1

Illustrates Theme: Thorough, Somewhat Lacking Little to no

Occupational detailed detailed detailed illustration
Health and Safety illustration of illustration of illustration of of theme
in Assembling and theme and theme and theme, and little or
Disassembling many detailed few if any lacking no
Computer examples examples detailed examples
given. given. examples. given.
Content ‐ The text and One or two The text and No original
Originality graphics used elements of graphics are text or
on the poster text and made by the graphics
reflect an graphics student, but made by
exceptional used on the are based on the student
degree of poster reflect the designs are
student student or ideas of included.
creativity in creativity in others.
their creation their creation
and/or display. and/or
display
Graphics ‐ All graphics All graphics All graphics Graphics
Relevance are related to are related to relate to the do not
the topic and the topic and topic. relate to the
make it easier most make it topic
to understand. easier to
understand.
Spelling / Grammar There are no There is one There are There are
spelling or spelling or two spelling more than
grammatical grammatical or two spelling
mistakes on mistake on grammatical to
the poster. the poster. errors on the grammatica
poster. l mistakes.
Attractiveness The poster is The poster is The poster is The poster
exceptionally attractive in acceptably is
attractive in terms of attractive distractingl
terms of design, though it may y messy or
design, layout, layout and be a bit very poorly
and neatness. neatness. messy. designed.

67
 INFORMATION SHEET No. 1.4.3
Computer Assembly Procedures

Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the learner is expected to:
1. Determine the disassembling and assembling system unit procedures
2. Comply with the requirements in installing devices,/systems, networking
devices, and peripherals
3. Observe Occupational Health and Safety Procedures when disassembling and
disassembling computer

INSTALLATION OF HARDWARE COMPONENTS AND OTHER PERIPHERALS

Computer assembly is a large part of a technician's job. One must work in a
logical, methodical manner when working with computer components. Practice can
improve computer assembly skills dramatically

Personal Computer Disassembly

Before starting computer disassembly, make sure you have the tools you need
and they're all close by and handy and be sure to have a container to keep the screws
in so you have them when you want to put things back together.

Step1. Unplugging - The first thing you do is to unplug every cable that is plugged in
to your computer.

Step2.Opening the Outer Shell/Case – First, unscrew the screws at the back of the
computer.

68
Step3. Removing the System Fan - First, unplug the fan from the motherboard. You
can find the plug by following the wire from the fan. It should be labeled "SYS_FAN1".
Next, you will have to unscrew the fan from the outside. You should now be able to lift
the fan out of the PC.

Step4. Removing the CPU Fan- The CPU fan is located right on top of the CPU heat
sink, which is a large piece of metal with fins on the top. To remove the fan from the
heat sink, remove the four screws securing it in place.

Step5. Power Supply – Unplug the wire coming from the power supply then unscrew
the four screws holding the power supply in place, on the back of the system unit.
Push the power supply from the outside, and then lift it out.

69
Step6. CD/ DVD Drive(s)- Unplug the ribbon from the back of the drive. Once that is
completed, pull on the tab securing the drive in place, then push it out from the inside.

Step7. Hard Drive - Unplug the connector at the back of the slot, and unplug the other
end from the motherboard. Also unplug the SATA cable from the motherboard and the
hard drive. The portable hard drive slot is secured the same way the CD/DVD drive is,
with a tab. Pull on the tab, then slide the slot out. To remove the hard drive from the
side of the slot, unscrew the four screws securing it in place.

Step8. Memory (RAM) - To remove the RAM, push down on both tabs holding the
RAM in place, which are located at both ends of the RAM.

70
Step9. Motherboard - Remove the screws holding the motherboard to the frame
and then lift the motherboard out of it.

Personal Computer Assembly

After acquiring the skills in disassembling a personal computer, next is how to
assemble a personal computer. Just follow the step by step procedures below:

Step 1. Prepare your workplace and Take Inventory: Before you start, take an
inventory of your parts. Do not begin assembling your computer if you don't have
everything you need. Begin the step-by-step process once you are ready with
everything you need.

71
Step 2. Place the motherboard into the case - Carefully position the motherboard
on top of the brass standoffs, line up all the holes, and use the screws that
accompanied the case to fasten down the motherboard.

Step 3. Connect the Power Supply - Plug the large ATX power connector from
your power supply into the matching port on your motherboard. Locate the smaller,
square processor power connector and attach it to the motherboard.

Step 4. Install Internal Drives Now it is time to install your drives. This is an easy
process, but it requires attention to detail.
Make any necessary changes to jumpers on the drives before mounting them
in the case. A two-drive system (one or two SATA (Serial ATA- is a standard
hardware interface for connecting hard drives and CD/DVD drives to a
computer) hard drives, plus one parallel ATA (Advanced Technology
Attachment) optical drive, for example) is easy to set up; the SATA drives are
jumper less, and the optical drive can be set as master on its own parallel ATA
channel. Many cases have removable drive rails or cages to house drives.
Use the included screws to attach your drives to the rails or cage, and slide
them into the case. For externally accessible drives such as a DVD recorder,
you can save time by installing one drive rail and sliding the drive in for a test
fitting to make sure that its front is flush with the case (Figure 53).
When the drives are installed, connect power and data cables to each one.
Parallel ATA drives use wide, flat data cables that can be installed only in the
correct way. Floppy drives use a similar but smaller cable; SATA drives use a
thin, 1cm-wide data cable. SATA drives use a new type of power connector that
many power supplies don't come with. Fortunately, many motherboards ship
with adapters for converting a standard four-pin power connector to a SATA
power connector.

72
Step 5. Install Memory (RAM Modules) In order to install the memory modules, insert
them into the proper sockets and push down firmly but evenly until the clips on both
sides of the socket pop into place. If your motherboard supports dual-channel memory,
consult the user manual to determine which pairs of RAM sockets you should use.

Step 6. Install the Add- in Cards

For each add-in card, you must choose a free PCI slot.
Remove its backplane cover to allow access from the rear of the case.
Carefully position the card above the slot, and press down firmly to seat the
card
Secure the card with a screw.

73
Direction: Rearrange the following procedures in their proper order. Use letters to
indicate their order of precedence. Write the answer on separate sheet of paper.

A. Personal Computer Disassembly (A – H)

____1. Detaching the Hard Drive
____2. Detaching the power supply
____3. Opening the outer shell / case
____4. Pull Out the Motherboard
____5. Removing the CD / DVD Drives
____6. Removing the CPU fan
____7. Removing the system fan
____8. Unplugging all the cables and wires

B. Personal Computer Assembly (A – G)

____1. Connect the Power Supply
____2. Install Internal Drives
____3. Install Memory (RAM Modules)
____4. Install the Add- in Cards
____5. Place the motherboard into the case
____6. Prepare the Motherboard
____7. Prepare your workplace

74
I. Direction: Write the procedures in disassembling the system unit.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

III. Answer the following questions:

1. How to assemble a system unit?

2. Why is it important to follow the steps in disassembling and assembling the

system unit?

75
 INFORMATION SHEET No. 1.5
Basic Computer Configuration Set-Up

Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the learner is expected to:
1. Determine how to configure BIOS
2. Demonstrate Power on self-test
3. Integrate self-discipline and patience in doing the configuration and self-test

Configuration is the way a system is set up, or the assortment of components that
make up the system. Configuration can refer to either hardware or software, or the
combination of both.

Basic Input / Output System (BIOS)

The Basic Input Output System, usually referred to as BIOS, is software stored
on a small memory chip on the motherboard.
BIOS instruct the computer on how to perform a number of basic functions
such as booting and keyboard control. BIO is also used to identify and configure the
hardware in a computer such as the hard drive, optical drive, CPU, memory, etc.

The BIOS is accessed and configured through the BIOS Setup Utility. The BIOS
Setup Utility is, for all reasonable purposes, the BIOS itself. All available options in
BIOS are configurable via the BIOS Setup Utility. The BIOS Setup Utility is accessed
in various ways depending on your computer or motherboard make and model.

76
 BIOS access and configuration on PC systems is independent of any operating
system because the BIOS is part of the motherboard hardware. It doesn't matter if a
computer is running Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Linux, UNIX, or no
operating system at all - BIOS functions outside of the operating system environment
and is no way dependent upon it.
BIOS contain a number of hardware configuration options that can be changed
through the setup utility. Saving these changes and restarting the computer applies
the changes to the BIOS and alters the way BIOS instructs the hardware to function.
The following list shows the things you can do in most BIOS systems:

TESTING INSTALLED EQUIPMENT / DEVICES (COMPONENTS)

You need to adhere to health and safety regulations as they will help to protect
you and others and will avoid any unnecessary legal action for reckless and unsafe
working practices. If you identify any health and safety problems, you should tell your
line manager or the health and safety representative immediately.
The most basic test is to switch the system on to check it starts without errors.
ICT professionals are also likely to use tools and utilities to check that all is well with
the system after an installation.

The Use of Diagnostic Tools in testing installed hardware components and other
peripherals

Diagnostic tools are used to test and diagnose equipment. Diagnostic tools include the
following:
Digital multimeter
Loopback adapter
Toner probe

77
Software Tools
Like hardware tools, there are a variety of software tools that can be used to
help technicians pinpoint and troubleshoot problems. Many of these tools are free and
several come with the Windows operating system.

Disk Management Tools

Software tools help diagnose computer and network problems and determine
which computer device is not functioning correctly. A technician must be able to use a
range of software tools to diagnose problems, maintain hardware, and protect the data
stored on a computer.
You must be able to identify which software to use in different situations. Disk
management tools help detect and correct disk errors, prepare a disk for data storage,
and remove unwanted files.

The following are some disk management tools:

FDISK: A command-line tool that creates and deletes partitions on a hard drive.
The FDISK tool is not available in Windows XP, Vista, or 7. It has been replaced
with the Disk Management tool.
Disk Management Tool: Initializes disks, creates partitions, and formats
partitions.
Format: Prepares a hard drive to store information.
ScanDisk or CHKDSK: Checks the integrity of files and folders on a hard drive
by scanning the file system. These tools might also check the disk surface for
physical errors.
Defrag: Optimizes space on a hard drive to allow faster access to programs
and data.
Disk Cleanup: Clears space on a hard drive by searching for files that can be
safely deleted.
System File Checker (SFC): A command-line tool that scans the operating
system critical files and replaces files that are corrupted.

Use the Windows 7 boot disk for troubleshooting and repairing corrupted files.
The Windows 7 boot disk repairs Windows system files, restores damaged or lost files,
and reinstalls the operating system.

78
Direction: Identify what is being described in each statement. Write your answer on
separate sheet of paper.

1. Instruct the computer on how to perform a number of basic functions such as

booting and keyboard control.
2. A command-line tool that creates and deletes partitions on a hard drive.
3. A command-line tool that scans the operating system critical files and replaces
files that are corrupted.
4. The way a system is set up, or the assortment of components that make up the
system.
5. Optimizes space on a hard drive to allow faster access to programs and data.
6. Checks the integrity of files and folders on a hard drive by scanning the file system.
7. Initializes disks, creates partitions, and formats partitions.
8. Used to test and diagnose equipment
9. Prepares a hard drive to store information
10. Clears space on a hard drive by searching for files that can be safely deleted.

79
I. Direction: Choose and check the following list showing the things you can do in
most BIOS systems:

.
• Change Hard Drive Settings

• View Amount of Memory Installed

• Enable or Disable the CPU INternal CAche

• Change the Background Setting

• Change System voltages

• Change the Date and Time

.
• Create a BIOS Password

.
• Delete the Programs Installed

II. Explain the function of the following Disk Management Tool.

Fdisk

Defrag

Disk Management Tool

System File Checker

Disk Cleanup

ScanDisk

Format

80
 LEARNING OUTCOME 2

PREPARE INSTALLER

INFORMATION SHEET No. 2.1

Bootable Devices

Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the learner is expected to:

1. Identify the boot devices.

2. Explain the function of boot loader.
3. Demonstrate understanding of the standard boot sequence that all personal
computers use

Booting is a startup sequence that starts the operating system of a computer

when it is turned on.

Boot Loader
Computers powered by the central processing unit can only execute code
found in the systems memory. Modern operating systems and application program
code and data are stored on nonvolatile memories or mass storage devices. When a
computer is first powered on, it must initially rely only on the code and data stored in
nonvolatile portions of the systems memory. At boot time, the operating system is not
really loaded, and the computer’s hardware cannot perform many complex systems
actions.

The program that starts the “chain reaction” which ends with the entire
operating system being loaded is known as the boot loader (or bootstrap loader). The
term creatively came from early designers imagining that before a computer “runs” it
must have its “boots strapped”. The boot loader’s only job is to load other software for
the operating system to start. Often, multiple-stage boot loaders are used, in which
several small programs of increasing complexity sequentially summon one after the
other, until the last of them loads the operating system.

81
Boot Devices

A boot device is any piece of hardware that can read or contains the files
required for a computer to start. For example, a hard drive, floppy disk drive, CD-ROM
drive, DVD drive, and USB jump drive are all considered bootable devices. However,
unless the necessary boot files are stored on the drive, diskette, or disc, the computer
cannot boot from that device.

The most commonly used boot device or boot drive is the hard drive. When
an operating system, such as Microsoft Windows, is installed onto the hard drive, it
copies the boot files and drivers required to load Windows onto the computer. When
installing a new operating system, troubleshooting the computer, or booting from
another drive (e.g., CD-ROM drive), a bootable disc or setup disc is inserted into the
drive. If the boot sequence is set up correctly in CMOS setup and the bootable disc is
in the computer, it will load from the disc.

The boot device is the device from which the operating system is loaded. A
modern PC BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) supports booting from various devices.
These include the local hard disk drive, optical drive, floppy drive, a network interface
card, and a USB device. Typically, the BIOS will allow the user to configure a boot
order. If the boot order is set to:

1. CD Drive
2. Hard Disk Drive
3. Network
then the BIOS will try to boot from the CD drive first, and if that fails then it will try to
boot from the hard disk drive, and if that fails then it will try to boot from the network,
and if that fails then it won’t boot at all.

Boot Sequence

A boot sequence is the initial set of operations that the computer performs
when it is switched on. Every computer has a boot sequence. The average computer
does not understand the boot sequence but is important to know for customizing and
troubleshooting your computer.

There is a standard boot sequence that all personal computers use.

 First, the CPU runs an instruction in memory for the BIOS. That
instruction contains a jump instruction that transfers to the BIOS start-
up program. This program runs a power-on self-test (POST) to check
that devices the computer will rely on are functioning properly.

 Then, the BIOS goes through the configured boot sequence until it finds
a device that is bootable.

82
 Once BIOS has found a bootable device, BIOS loads the boot sector
and transfers execution to the boot sector. If the boot device is a hard
drive, it will be a master boot record (MBR).

 The MBR code checks the partition table for an active partition. If one is
found, the MBR code loads that partition’s boot sector and executes it.

 The boot sector is often operating system specific, however in most

operating systems its main function is to load and execute the operating
system kernel, which continues startup. If there is no active partition or
the active partition’s boot sector is invalid, the MBR may load a
secondary boot loader which will select a partition and load its boot
sector, which usually loads the corresponding operating system kernel.

83
I. Identification: Given the following statement. Identify and write the correct
answer in a separate sheet of paper.
(Please write your answer on a different sheet of paper.)

1. It is the device from which the operating system is loaded.

2. It starts the “chain reaction” which ends with the entire operating system being
loaded
3. It is a startup sequence that starts the operating system of a computer when it is
turned on.
4. It is any piece of hardware that can read or contains the files required for a computer
to start.
5. It is the initial set of operations that the computer performs when it is switched on.
6. It is the most commonly used boot device or boot drive.

II. Enumeration: Give four (4 bootable devices. (In any order)

84
Instruction: Arrange the procedures into proper order. Use the alphabet to arrange
the procedures correctly.
(Please write your answer on a different sheet of paper.)

Standard Boot Sequence

1. Once BIOS has found a bootable device, BIOS loads the boot sector and transfers
execution to the boot sector.
2. Operating systems loads and executes the corresponding operating system kernel.
3. CPU runs an instruction in memory for the BIOS.
4. The MBR code checks the partition table for an active partition.
5. BIOS goes through the configured boot sequence until it finds a device that is
bootable.

85
INSTRUCTION: Write a short essay explaining the function of a bootable device
Your essay should consist of 2 paragraphs with 100
words. (Please write your answer on a different sheet of paper.)

_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

86
Essay Rubric

Directions: Your essay will be graded based on this rubric. Consequently, use this
rubric as a guide when writing your essay and check it again before you
submit your essay.

87
Instruction: Create a Flowchart showing the standard boot sequence that all personal
computers use. (Please write your answer on a different sheet of paper.)
(Use long bond paper for your flowchart.)

The images below are sample of a flowchart:

88
 INFORMATION SHEET No. 2.1.1
Creating ISO File using PowerISO

Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the learner is expected to:

1. Explain what ISO image file is.

2. Learn how to create an ISO image file.
3. Learn how to extract an ISO image file.

ISO file is an exact copy of the compact disc. It can be used to make a backup
of compact disc or distribute software on Internet. PowerISO can not only create ISO
file from compact disc, but also create ISO file from local files and folders.

To create ISO file from local files and folders, please follow the steps:

1. Run PowerISO.

2. An empty compilation will be created automatically. By default, the compilation will

include iso9660 and joliet file system. If you want to create a DVD ISO file, you can
click on the "New" button on toolbar or choose the "File > New > Data CD / DVD
Image" menu, then select "UDF DVD". You can also change the media type by
clicking the media type area in the right bottom of the window.

89
3. Click on the "Add" button on toolbar to add files and folders. You can also
directly drag files and folders from Windows Explorer to the PowerISO window.

4. Click the menu "Action > New Folder" to create a new folder.

 Click the menu "Action > Change

Label" to change the default label.

 Click the menu "Action > Boot >

Add boot information..." to add boot
information file to the compilation,
thus can create bootable iso file.

5. Click the menu "File > Properties" to update the iso file properties.

90
6. After you have made all necessary modification to the compilation, you can save
the compilation to an ISO file. Click on the "Save" button on toolbar or choose the
"File > Save" menu.

7. The "Save file" dialog will popup. Enter the iso file path name and select the
output format to "Standard ISO Images (*.iso)" format, then click "Save".

91
  PowerISO will start creating iso file. It will show the progress
information during writing iso file. After the operation completes
successfully, PowerISO will automatically open the new created
iso file.

ISO file contains all files and folders in the disc. If the disc is bootable, the
bootable file will also be copied into the ISO file. With PowerISO, you can open an
ISO file, and extract files from the ISO file.

To extract an ISO file, please follow the steps:

1. Run PowerISO.

2. Click the "Open" button on toolbar or choose "File > Open" menu.

92
3. The Open iso file dialog will popup. Select the iso file you want to open and
click "Open" button.

4. PowerISO will open the iso file selected and list all files and folders in the
iso file. Select the files and folders need to be extracted in the file list and
click "Extract" button on toolbar. If you want to extract all files in the iso file,
just click "Extract" toolbar button.

93
5. The "Extract iso file" dialog will popup.

6. Enter the extract destination folder. The folder will be created automatically
if it does not exist.

 If you want to extract all files, you should select "All files" option.
 Check other options if needed.

7. Click the "OK" button to start extraction. PowerISO shows the progress
information during extraction. If the option "Open the folder after extraction"
is checked, PowerISO will open the extraction folder after the operation
completes successfully

94
Direction: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and write FALSE if not.
(Please write your answer on a different sheet of paper.)

1. ISO file is an exact copy for compact disc.

2. PowerISO can only create ISO file from compact dis.
3. ISO file contains all files and folders in the disc.
4. PowerISO will automatically open the new created iso file after the operation completes
successfully.
5. With PowerISO, you cannot open an ISO file, and extract files from the ISO file.
6. ISO file can be used to make a backup of compact disc or distribute software on Internet.
7. To change the default label click Action > Boot.
8. To update the iso file properties, click File > Properties
9. You can directly drag files and folders from Windows Explorer to the PowerISO window.
10. To create a new folder, click the menu "Action > New Folder".

95
Direction: Arrange the procedures into proper order. Use the alphabet to arrange the
procedures correctly.
(Please write your answer on a different sheet of paper.)

Create ISO File Using PowerISO

1. After you have added all files and folders and made all necessary changes, click
the "Save" button on the toolbar, or choose the "File > Save" menu to save the
iso file.

2. Enter the iso file path name and select the output format to "Standard ISO Images
(*.iso)" format, then click "Save".

3. Click the menu "Action > New Folder" to create a new folder. Select "File >
Properties" to change the file properties.

4. Click "New" on the toolbar or select "File > New > Data CD/DVD Image" from the Power
ISO menu."UDF DVD".

5. Run PowerISO.

Extract ISO file

1. Choose the destination folder.

2. Click "OK" to start extracting.
3. Click the "Extract" button on toolbar.
4. PowerISO shows the iso extractor dialog.
5. Run PowerISO, click the "Open" button on toolbar or choose "File > Open" menu
to open an existing iso file

96
 INFORMATION SHEET No. 2.1.2
Creating CD/DVD Bootable Using Burnaware Software

Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the learner is expected to:

1. Identify the things to be considered when creating a bootable CD/DVD Device.

2. Explain how bootable CD/DVD works.
3. Demonstrate understanding in creating a bootable DVD using Burnaware
Software.

Creating a bootable CD enables users to have

a CD that can be inserted into any El Torito
compatible computer and is automatically ran as
the computer starts. Making a bootable CD can
help do such things as diagnose a computer,
restore a computer's configuration, start the
installation of a program or operating system, or
setup or update hardware.

What is El Torito

Developed by IBM and Phoenix

Technologies, El Torito is the standard for
creating bootable CDs on IBM compatible
computers. For an El Torito disc to work, the
computer must have a compatible El Torito
IDE/SCSI disc drive and a compatible
motherboard BIOS or SCSI BIOS.

When booting from an El Torito CD, the

CD becomes the A: drive and the floppy
becomes the B: drive. An El Torito disc can also be created using a hard drive image.
When this is done, the C: drive becomes the disc drive and all other drive letters
assignments are advanced one letter.

Not all CDs and DVDs are bootable. To boot from a CD, you must have a CD that
is stated to be bootable. Keep in mind that early Windows 95 CDs are not bootable.
However, Windows 98, ME, XP, and later CDs are bootable.

97
 Use CD Recording Software Boot Feature

One of the easiest methods for creating a simple bootable CD is to use the CD
recording software program you use to create CDs. Today, many of these programs
have a feature already built into them that enables users to create a bootable CD.

Creating a Bootable DVD using Burnaware Software

There are several programs out there which will burn an ISO to a DVD and make
it bootable. Burnaware is simple to use and has a free version for home use.

1. To create a bootable DVD, open Burnaware and click on Burn ISO.

2. Click Browse and locate your Windows ISO file.

3. Insert a DVD and click Burn.

Alternatively, you can use Window’s native ISO burner.

98
 1. Right click on your ISO file and select Burn disc image.

2. This will open the native burner. It could not be simpler to use, just
enter a DVD and press burn.

Note that whatever method you choose, DVDs only work for 32-bit Windows
installations due to their small capacity. Using a USB installation instead is strongly
recommended.

99
I. TRUE or FALSE: Write True if the statement is correct and write False if not.
(Please write your answer on a different sheet of paper.)

________1. All kinds/types of CD and DVD are bootable.

________2. El Torito is the standard for creating bootable CDs on IBM compatible
computers.
________3. Making a bootable CD can help do such things as diagnose a
computer, restore a computer's configuration, start the installation of a
program or operating system, or setup or update hardware.
________4. DVDs work both for 32 bit Windows and 64 bit Windows.
________5. Using the CD recording software program you use to create CDs is one
of the easiest methods for creating a simple bootable CD.

II. ESSAY: Explain briefly why it is advisable to use the Burnaware Software in
creating a DVD bootable device. (5 pts.)
(Please write your answer on a different sheet of paper.)

100
INSTRUCTION: Write a short essay explaining the things a CD/DVD bootable is used
for.
(Please write your answer on a different sheet of paper.)

_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

101
Essay Rubric

Directions: Your essay will be graded based on this rubric. Consequently, use this
rubric as a guide when writing your essay and check it again before you
submit your essay.

102
Direction: Give the procedure in creating CD/DVD bootable.
(Please write your answer on a different sheet of paper.)

Using Burnaware Software

1.________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________

Using Window’s native ISO burner.

1.________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________

103
 INFORMATION SHEET No. 2.1.3
Creating a Bootable USB Flash Drive Using Rufus Software

Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the learner is expected to:

1. Identify the key features of Rufus software.

2. Explain why Rufus is recommended in creating bootable USB flash drive.
3. Create a bootable USB flash drive using the Rufus software.

It is very common to use a bootable USB drive instead of a CD/DVD drive to install
the operating system. For Windows there are a ton of software programs that help you
create bootable USB drives. Even Microsoft has its own tool. Of all the available tools,
Rufus, a free and open-source application, is one of the best. In fact, Rufus is one of
those tools that every Windows user should have in their software catalog. Let me
show how you can use Rufus to quickly create a bootable flash drive in Windows.

Advantages of Bootable USB over CDs

⮚ USB Flash drives are reusable. You can change the stuff it boots into, anytime.
you don’t have to buy a new blank CD if you want to try a different OS or any
bootable tool. You can also store your own files along with the bootable stuff.
This is not the case with CDs which has to live forever with the data once written
into it. Even if you use rewritable CDs, the performance decreases as number of
rewrites increase.
⮚ Faster read write – The read/write speed of flash drives are much faster than
CDs. as a result, it allows faster booting and OS installation. Also, time taken to
prepare a Bootable flash drive is less.
⮚ Portability – flash drives are convenient to carry around and it allows you to
carry your whole OS in your pocket.

Disadvantages of Bootable USB over CDs

⮚ Hardware Dependent – A lot depends on your BIOS, motherboard and flash

drive model when you are booting from USB. There may be few cases when a
bootable USB is working with one computer but refuses to boot from other. This
is not so common with bootable CDs.
⮚ Support – Not all bootable OS/tools support booting through USBs. CDs have
a wider support.

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 Any media, whether it is a USB flash drive, CD, or DVD is bootable if you can use it
to boot your computer from the USB drive or disc, instead of the computer’s hard drive.
When installing Windows, the media you use must be bootable.

1. Rufus

Rufus is one of the lightest of the all the

software tools. Rufus offered a portable version
which you can use without having to install it. The
tool automatically detects the USB drive and offers
to create a bootable drive using MSDOS, ISO and
DD images.

Key Features:

1. Fastest software
2. No installation required
3. Supports multiple file system that includes
FAT, FAT32, NTFS, UDF, and ExFAT
4. Can create a bootable drive for all versions of
windows and Linux distributions.
5. Option to detect bad sectors in the drive
before writing files to a USB
6. Easy Interface.

Creating Bootable USB Flash drive

using Rufus Software
1. Select the destination device
2. Select File system
3. Type the name of the device
4. Select ISO Image
5. Browse the ISO file
6. Click Start

Once completed, you will not see a completion

message but will hear a completion sound, and
the progress bar will turn fully green.

105
I.TRUE or FALSE: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and write FALSE if not.
(Please write your answer on a different sheet of paper.)

1. Rufus is one of the lightest of the all the software tools.

2. The read/write speed of flash drives are much faster than CDs.
3. Rufus has an option to detect bad sectors in the drive before writing files to a
USB.
4. Rufus supports multiple file system that includes FAT, FAT32, NTFS, UDF, and
ExFAT
5. USB flash drives can’t be reused.
6. Rufus can be used to create a bootable drive for all versions of windows and
Linux distributions.
7. All bootable OS/tools support booting through USBs.
8. It is very common to use a bootable USB drive instead of a CD/DVD drive to
install the operating system.
9. Any media, whether it is a USB flash drive, CD, or DVD is bootable if you can
use it to boot your computer.
10. It is more advisable to use bootable USB rather than CD/DVD.

106
(Please write your answer on a different sheet of paper.)

107
Direction: Configure the specification requirements for bootable flash drive.
Write your answers at the back.
(Please write your answer on a different sheet of paper.)

Materials: 8GB Flash drive

Problem 1: Make a bootable flash drive with the given specifications.

OS: Windows 7 x86.iso

Firmware: BIOS

Problem 2: Make a bootable flash drive with the given specifications.

OS: Win Server 2008 R2.iso
Firmware: UEFI

108
 INFORMATION SHEET No. 2.1.4
Creating Bootable USB Flash Drive Using Diskpart/CMD

Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the learner is expected to:

1. Identify the uses of a bootable USB flash drive.

2. Explain the importance of the operating system installed in the computer in
creating bootable USB flash drive using diskpart/cmd
3. Demonstrate understanding on how to create a bootable USB flash drive using
diskpart/CMD.

Since a bootable USB drive contains all essential system booting information
and files, it can help boot and start a computer's operating system even when it's dead,
which can be caused by corrupted system files, fatal hardware issues, black/blue
screen of death, and many unpredictable reasons. We know that there are dozens of
professional USB bootable creation tools online that are available to assist users to
make a bootable media in a much easier way. However, it's still quite useful to grasp
the knowledge of using the Diskpart command to achieve the same goal. Creating an
USB pen drive using command prompt is not hard, it is one of the most common ways
to create a bootable USB.

This method does not work if your operating system Is Windows XP or Windows
8, you cannot select the primary partition in command prompt. This is tested on
windows 7 operating systems. Run the DAD with administrator rights (Run as
Administrator)

The diskpart command interpreter helps you manage your computer's drives
(disks, partitions, volumes, or virtual hard disks). Before you can use diskpart
commands, you must first list, and then select an object to give it focus. After an object
has focus, any diskpart commands that you type will act on that object.

PROCEDURE:

Note that the process of making your USB drive bootable will erase all data on the
target drive completely. Remember to back up important files and data in advance.

STEP 1
⮚ Obtain the windows files from somewhere and save them to a folder in your pc.
You can rip a windows dvd , or if you have the iso image file you can open it
with magic disc or daemon tools or even winrar, and you need to copy the whole
content to a folder anywhere in your pc , you just need to make sure you know

109
 where it is located. Insert your USB flash drive to your running computer. As
the first step, we need to run Command Prompt as administrator. To do this,
we need to find cmd by typing 'cmd' in the search box on Windows Start Menu.
After the search result for 'cmd' appears, right click on it and select "Run as
administrator".
⮚ Type 'diskpart' on Command Prompt (without quotes) and hit Enter. Wait for a
while until the DISKPART program run.
⮚ Type 'list disk' to view active disks on your computer and hit Enter. There
would be seen that the active disks shown as Disk 0 for hard drive and Disk 1
for your USB flashdrive with its total capacity.
⮚ Type 'select disk 1' to determine that disk 1 would be processed in the next
step then hit Enter.
⮚ Type 'clean' and hit Enter to remove all of data in the drive.
⮚ Type 'create partition primary' (create part pri) and hit Enter. Creating a
primary partition and further recognized by Windows as 'partition 1'.
⮚ Type 'select partition 1' and hit Enter. Choosing the 'partition 1' for setting up
it as an active partition.
⮚ Type 'active' and hit Enter. Activating current partition.
⮚ Type 'format fs=ntfs quick' and hit Enter. Formatting current partition as NTFS
file system quickly. (* if you choose normal (not quick) it will take up to 1-2 hrs
to complete the format command process.)
⮚ Type 'exit' and hit Enter. Leaving DISKPART program but don't close the
Command Prompt instead. We would still need it for next process.

After
the format is done you have to continue writing in command PROMPT:

110
STEP 2:

● Assign (now you will notice that the usb

drive changed its letter to (H): or (G))
*exit (this command will exit the disk
part function)
● Now you have to write the path to the
executable file in your windows saved
folder, make sure that in your windows
folder you have the boot folder with the
bootsect executable file.

STEP 3

● the command goes like this:

E: cd win 7 sp1 cd boot bootsect.exe/nt60 h: (h is the letter of
the usb drive, this command will update the boot core) exit (this will exit
command prompt).
Now you have to copy all the files in the Windows folder to your USB drive.

ALL DONE: You can now restart your PC and boot from the USB hand drive

111
 I. TRUE or FALSE: Write True if the statement is correct and write False if not.
(Please write your answer on a different sheet of paper.)

________1. Using cmd or diskpart method in creating a bootable USB flash drive will
work in Windows XP or Windows 8.
________2. bootable USB drive can help boot and start a computer's operating
system even when it's dead.
________3. The process of making your USB drive bootable will erase all data on
the target drive completely.
________4. Using command prompt is one of the most common ways to create a
bootable usb.
________5. The command 'list disk' allows you to view active disks on your
computer.

II. ESSAY: Briefly explain the use of bootable USB flash drive.

112
Instruction: (Please write your answer on a different sheet of paper.)

113
Instruction: Arrange the procedures into proper order. Use the alphabet to
arrange the procedures correctly.
(Please write your answer on a different sheet of paper.)

Creating Bootable USB Flash Drive Using Diskpart/CMD

1. Type 'clean' and hit Enter.

2. Type 'select partition 1' and hit Enter.
3. Type 'format fs=ntfs quick' and hit Enter.
4. Type 'create partition primary' and hit Enter.
5. Type 'cmd' in the search box on Windows Start Menu. After the search
result for 'cmd' appears, right click on it, and select "Run as administrator".
6. Type 'list disk' to view active disks on your computer and hit Enter.
7. Type 'exit' and hit Enter.
8. Type 'select disk 1' to determine that disk 1 would be processed in the next
step then hit Enter.
9. Type 'diskpart' on Command Prompt (without quotes) and hit Enter.
10. Type 'create partition primary' and hit Enter.

114
 INFORMATION SHEET No. 2.2
Installers Preparations and OS Installation Procedures

Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the learner is expected to:

1. Explain the operating systems function.

2. Understand the function of an operating system.
3. Demonstrate understanding on how to create and prepare an OS.

An operating system is the most important software that runs on a computer. It

manages the computer's memory and processes, as well as all of its software and
hardware. It also allows you to communicate with the computer without knowing how
to speak the computer's language. Without an operating system, a computer is
useless.

Computer Operating System is a computer program or software that is

needed by the computer to function properly. OS also provides a graphical user
interface (GUI) to the user so it can easily be used to operate. Operating System also
requests the task to the hardware to do whatever the user instruct to the machine such
as printing etc.

The Operating System's Job

Your computer's operating system (OS) manages

all the software and hardware on the computer. Most of
the time, there are several different computer programs
running at the same time, and they all need to access
your computer's central processing unit (CPU), memory,
and storage. The operating system coordinates all of this
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to make sure each program gets what it needs. w.elprocus.com%2Fdifferent-types-of-computer-operating-
systems%2F&psig=AOvVaw3_A03rYyHDG7798MkDdnU-

Types Of Operating Systems

Operating systems usually come pre-

loaded on any computer you buy. Most people use
the operating system that comes with their
computer, but it's possible to upgrade or even
change operating systems. The three most

115
common operating systems for personal computers are Microsoft Windows, macOS,
and Linux.

Modern operating systems use

a graphical user interface, or
GUI (pronounced gooey). A
GUI lets you use your mouse to
click icons, buttons, and menus,
and everything is clearly
displayed on the screen using a
combination of graphics and
text.

Each operating system's GUI has a different look and feel, so if you switch to a different
operating system it may seem unfamiliar at first. However, modern operating systems
are designed to be easy to use, and most of the basic principles are the same.

Microsoft Windows

Microsoft created the Windows

operating system in the mid-1980s.
There have been many different
versions of Windows, but the most
recent ones are Windows 10 (released
in 2015), Windows 8 (2012), Windows
7 (2009), and Windows Vista (2007).
Windows comes pre-loaded on most new PCs, which helps to make it the most popular
operating system in the world

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zlf5KsAnda49ox4RuvFcFNjrNjX9gCLcBGAs/s1600/Windows%2BAll%2BOperting%2BSystems.pn
g

116
macOS

macOS (previously called OS X) is a line of operating systems created by Apple. It

comes preloaded on all Macintosh computers, or Macs. Some of the specific versions
include Mojave (released in 2018), High Sierra (2017), and Sierra (2016).

According to StatCounter Global Stats, macOS users account for less than 10% of
global operating systems—much lower than the percentage of Windows users (more
than 80%). One reason for this is that Apple computers tend to be more expensive.
However, many people do prefer the look and feel of macOS over Windows.

117
Linux
Linux (pronounced LINN-ux) is a
family of open-source operating
systems, which means they can
be modified and distributed by
anyone around the world. This is
different from proprietary
software like Windows, which
can only be modified by the
company that owns it. The
advantages of Linux are that it
is free, and there are many different distributions—or versions—you can choose
from.
According to StatCounter Global Stats, Linux users account for less
than 2% of global operating systems. However, most servers run Linux because it's
relatively easy to customize.

Operating Systems For Mobile Devices

The operating systems we've been talking about so far were designed to run
on desktop and laptop computers. Mobile devices such as phones, tablet
computers, and MP3 players are different from desktop and laptop computers, so
they run operating systems that
are designed specifically for
mobile devices. Examples of
mobile operating systems
include Apple iOS and Google
Android. In the screenshot
below, you can see iOS
running on an iPad.

118
Operating systems for mobile devices
generally aren't as fully featured as those
made for desktop and laptop computers, and
they aren't able to run all of the same software.
However, you can still do a lot of things with
them, like watch movies, browse the Web,
manage your calendar, and play games.

How to Prepare your Installer and

Program

1. Check your system requirements

⮚ Confirm that your computer meets the minimum system requirements for that
product.
Note: If you are running Windows, make sure to download/install the version that
matches your operating system (32-bit or 64-bit).

2. Make sure about the legitimacy

⮚ In some operating systems activation is usually automatic. However, if you are
prompted for your serial number and product key before you can run the
product, you can find the information you need in your CD case or package.

Note: Product key and serial number is important so make sure that you keep it.

Computer Preparation Procedures

How to prepare a computer prior to operating system installation?

Step 1: Check the computer if all physical connections are intact.

Step 2: Make sure that the computer is properly connected to the power source.
Step 3: Make sure every personal files in the computer is backed-up using a
backup software or my simply copying all the personal files to a USB
flash drive / USB external drive, network drive or to another partition of
a computer.
Step 4: After backing up, create a bootable CD / DVD / USB operating system
installer.

119
How to Install an Operating System?

The steps for installing an operating system, like Linux or Microsoft Windows,
depends on the operating system version you are installing. Each version has different
steps and options that are unique to that operating system.

General Steps and Guidelines for Installing an Operating System on Your

Computer.

Purchase the operating system

First, you need to purchase the operating system that you want to install on the
computer. The best place to purchase the operating system from is a retail store, like
Best Buy, or through an online store, like Amazon or Newegg. The operating system
may come on multiple CD or DVD discs, or it may even come on a USB flash drive.

Downloading a copy of the operating system is usually the most convenient

way to obtain it. However, be sure you obtain the operating system from the publisher,
like Microsoft. Downloading it from another source may result in an unusable or illegal
copy of the software.

Install the operating system

 To install the operating system on the computer using a CD or DVD, you need
to configure your computer to boot from the CD/DVD drive. You can change the
boot sequence by accessing the computer BIOS and setting the CD/DVD drive
to be the first boot device. Some computers may also allow you to access the
boot sequence directly at computer start up, without entering the BIOS, by
pressing a specific key on the keyboard. The key to press differs for each
computer but is often either the Delete key or one of the function keys at the
top.

 If the operating system software came on a USB flash drive, you need to
configure the computer to boot to a USB device as the first boot device.

 Once the computer is configured to boot to the proper device, the computer
should load the operating system installation program and guide you through
the install process. You will be asked questions along the way for configuration
of basic settings, like date and time, user account name, and if you want to
enable automatic operating system updates. Go through the installation steps,
answering questions and selecting the preferred options.

120
Note: If you are installing a newer version of an operating system that is already on
your computer, the installation process should ask if you want to upgrade. If you do
not want to install the operating system as an upgrade, you can choose the option to
erase the current operating system start fresh.

Running the operating system

After the operating system has been installed, the computer should load into
the operating system. You may then proceed with installing software programs that
you want on the computer and updating any settings you want.

121
I. Put a check beside of the number if the statement describes the FUNCTION of an
Operating System.
(Please write your answer on a different sheet of paper.)

1.The most important software that runs on a computer.

2. Manages all the software and hardware on the computer.
3. Provides a graphical user interface (GUI) to the user so it can easily be used to
operate.
4. Needed by the computer
5. Requests the task to the hardware to do whatever the user instruct to the
machine such as printing
6. Designed to be easy to use
7. Allows communication between the user and the computer.
8. Brings powerful benefits to computer software and software development.
9. Handles input/output (I/O) to and from attached hardware devices, such as
hard disks, printers and dial-up ports.
10. Sends messages to each application or interactive user -- or to a system
operator -- about the status of operation and any errors that may have
occurred.

122
TASK SHEET No. 2.2

Direction: Using the diagram below, give the procedure in installing the operating
system. (Please write your answer on a different sheet of paper.)

. . .

123
 INFORMATION SHEET No. 2.3
Desktop PC Interface/hook up Procedures

Learning Objectives: After reading this information sheet, the learner is expected to:
5. Identify the basic components of the Windows 7 user interface
6. Explain desktop interface.
7. Demonstrate understanding on setting up a desktop computer.

You have a new computer and are ready to set it up. While this may seem
like an overwhelming and difficult task, it is really very simple. It does not matter
what name brand of computer you have, as most computers are set up in a very
similar way.

If you are setting up a newly purchased computer that is still in the box, you will
probably find a how-to guide in the packaging that includes step-by-step details.
However, even if it did not include instructions, you can still set up the computer in
just a few easy steps. In this lesson, we'll go through the different steps that are
needed to set up a typical computer.

SETTING UP A DESKTOP COMPUTER

Step 1
- Unpack the monitor and computer case from
the box. Remove any plastic covering or
protective tape. Place the monitor and computer
case on a desk or work area.

Be sure to place your computer case in an area that is well ventilated and has good
air flow. This will help to prevent the computer from overheating.
Step 2
Locate the monitor cable. There are several types of
monitor cables, so the one for your computer may not look
like the one in the image on the right.

124
 If you are having trouble finding your monitor cable, refer to the instruction
manual for your computer. (If you have an all-in-one computer that's built into the
monitor, you can skip to Step 4).
Step 3
Connect one end of the cable to the monitor
port on the back of the computer case and the other
end to the monitor. If you're using a VGA cable like
the one in the picture to the right, you'll want to
tighten the screws on the monitor cable to secure it.
Many computer cables will only fit a specific way. If the cable doesn't fit, don't force it
or you might damage the connectors. Make sure the plug aligns with the port, then
connect it.
Step 4
Unpack the keyboard and determine whether
it uses a USB (rectangular) connector or
a PS/2 (round) connector. If it uses a USB connector,
plug it into any of the USB ports on the back of the
computer. If it uses a PS/2 connector, plug it into the
purple keyboard port on the back of the computer.
Step 5
Unpack the mouse and determine whether it uses
a USB or PS/2 connector. If it uses a USB connector,
plug it into any of the USB ports on the back of the
computer. If it uses a PS/2 connector, plug it into
the green mouse port on the back of the computer.

If your keyboard has a USB port, you can connect your mouse to the keyboard
instead of connecting it directly to your computer. If you have a wireless mouse or
keyboard, you may need to connect a Bluetooth dongle (USB adapter) to your
computer. However, many computers have built-in Bluetooth, so an adapter may not
be necessary.

125
Step 6
If you have external speakers
or headphones, you can connect them to your
computer's audio port (either on the front or back of
the computer case). Many computers have color-
coded ports. Speakers or headphones connect to
the green port, and microphones connect to
the pink port. The blue port is the line in, which
can be used with other types of devices.
Some speakers, headphones, and microphones have USB connectors instead
of the usual audio plug. These can be connected to any USB port. In addition, many
computers have speakers or microphones built into the monitor.
Step 7
Locate the two power supply cables that
came with your computer. Plug the first power
supply cable into the back of the computer
case and then into a surge protector. Then, using
the other cable, connect the monitor to the surge
protector.

You can also use an uninterruptable power supply

(UPS), which acts as a surge protector and provides
temporary power if there is a power outage.
Step 8
Finally, plug the surge protector into a wall outlet.
You may also need to turn on the surge protector if it
has a power switch.

If you don't have a surge protector, you can plug the computer directly into the
wall. However, this is not recommended because electrical surges can damage your
computer.

126
Step 9
If you have a printer, scanner, webcam, or
other peripherals, you can connect them at this
point. Many peripherals are plug and play, which
means they will be recognized by your computer as
soon as they are plugged in.

Other peripherals may include software that needs to be installed before you
can begin using them. Use the instructions included with the device to install it if
necessary.

 Setup complete.

Desktop Environment

A desktop environment is a collection of software running on top of an operating

system that makes up the desktop Graphical User Interface. It usually includes
everything from how the windows look and feel, to the style of the icons, files, folders,
and the mouse pointers. A desktop environment also dictates what file manager to
use, default text editor, image viewer, wallpapers, and the interface used to log in and
log out of the local system.

On Microsoft Windows and macOS X, the desktop environment is part of the

operating system itself. On operating systems such as Linux, the desktop environment
is usually a modular component that can be changed and reconfigured more easily.

WINDOWS 7 DESKTOP INTERFACE

The Windows 7 desktop interface, also known as

the graphical user interface (GUI), has been
significantly improved. The difference will be more
noticeable for end users migrating from Windows
XP than Windows Vista as the latter introduced
Windows Aero. The Windows 7 user interface will
be very familiar to any previous Windows user as it https://images.slideplayer.c

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continues to include a Start menu, taskbar, notification area, and desktop. However,
most of these features have been changed and improved.

Believe it or not, many of these changes do have end-user productivity in mind

as opposed to being purely focused on eye candy. Many end users had significant
issues with the changes in the desktop environment from Windows XP to Windows
Vista and the migration to Windows 7 will not be any easier. It is extremely important
to learn and understand the new Windows 7 desktop environment features and
properly educate the end users. As you will see, the planning and preparation process
of a Windows 7 deployment is just as important as proper user training and education.

Windows 7 includes more than one user experience option that may be
selected through the Themes option of the Personalization console of the Control
Panel. These themes allow for different user experiences:

 Windows Classic - resembles the Windows 95, 98, ME, and 2000 desktop
interface. The Start menu, however, does not have the option for a classic style,
it can only be set as far back as the Windows XP Start menu.
 Windows Basic and Standard - depending on the edition of Windows 7 and
hardware compatibility this is the Windows 7 default user interface without Aero
features.
 Windows Aero (Authentic, Energetic, Reflective, and Open) - Aero utilizes
several features of Windows 7 to make it even more of an experience. These
features include Peek, Shake, and Widgets. Peek allows you to take a sneak
peek of any window minimized to the taskbar. This allows you to see what is
going on in a window without actually opening it up all the way. Important new
and improved features of Windows 7 include:
 Bundled applications - Microsoft has included multiple new and improved
bundled applications including the calculator and sticky notes while removing
Messenger, Mail, and Photo Gallery, which are now a part of Microsoft Live
Essentials.
 Improved Start menu - similar to the default Windows XP and Vista Start menu
with an improved search bar and other useful features.

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  Jump Lists - allows for quick access to associated tasks of the application
selected.
 Notification area - similar to the notification area introduced in Windows 95, it
now has customizable options for more effective notifications of system and
application status.
 Taskbar - similar to Windows XP and Vista. Microsoft has removed the quick
launch toolbar and now allows programs to be pinned to the taskbar for
launching and accessing open windows.
 Themes - multiple new and improved themes to customize the desktop
backgrounds, window colors, sounds, screen saver, and power options.
 Windows Aero - multiple features including Aero Peek, Snap, Shake, Glass,
etc. This requires compatible hardware and Windows 7 edition.
 Windows Explorer - the shell for accessing Windows Explorer has been vastly
improved. The menu bar has been removed and various new and enhanced
features such as Libraries, address bar, navigation pane, and search have been
added.

Windows 7's revamped Taskbar introduces several new features and gives users
much more control over how it looks.

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I. IDENTIFICATION: Identify what is being described by the following statements
below. Choose your answer from the choices inside the box.
(Please write your answer on a different sheet of paper.)

Themes Windows Classic Jump Lists Bundled applications Windows Aero

Start menu Taskbar Windows Explorer Notification area Windows Basic and Standard

__________1. Allows the user to launch and access open windows easily.
__________2. It utilizes several features of Windows 7 to make it even more of an
experience. These features include Peek, Shake, and Widgets.
__________3. It has various new and enhanced features such as Libraries, address
bar, navigation pane, and search have been added.
__________4. Allows the user to customize the desktop backgrounds, window colors,
sounds, screen saver, and power options.
__________5. It resembles the Windows 95, 98, ME, and 2000 desktop interface.
__________6. It allows for quick access to associated tasks of the application
selected.
__________7. This is the Windows 7 default user interface without Aero features.
__________8. It is similar to the default Windows XP and Vista with an improved
search bar and other useful features.
__________9. It is similar to the notification area introduced in Windows 95, it now
has customizable options for more effective notifications of system and
application status.
__________10. It includes the calculator and sticky notes while removing Messenger,
Mail, and Photo Gallery, which are now a part of Microsoft Live
Essentials.

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Direction: Complete the sentence by providing the missing letters that do not have
a corresponding number.
(Please write your answer on a different sheet of paper.)

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Instruction: Arrange the procedures into proper order. Use the alphabet to
arrange the procedures correctly.
(Please write your answer on a different sheet of paper.)

Setting Up a Desktop Computer

1. Unpack the keyboard and connect it to the PC.

2. Plug the surge protector into a wall outlet.
3. Setup complete
4. Connect the external headphones or speakers. to your computer's audio port
5. Connect one end of the VGA cable to the monitor port on the back of the computer
case and the other end to the monitor.
6. If available, connect the printer, scanner, webcam or other peripherals.
7. Unpack the mouse and connect it to its port.
8. Unpack the monitor and computer case from the box.
9. Connect the power supply connector.
10. Locate the monitor cable.

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I. IDENTIFICATION: Identify the components/features of the Window 7 Interface
give their functions.
(Please write your answer on a different sheet of paper.)

FEATURES FUNCTIONS

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Modules
E-CHS_LM_Module 1Install Computer Systems and Networks
K To 12PC Hardware Servicing Learning Module for Students

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