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Solution manual for C++ Programming: From Problem
Analysis to Program Design, 6th Edition – D.S. Malik
Download full chapter at: https://testbankbell.com/product/solution-manual-
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Chapter 1

1. a. false; b. false; c. true; d. false; e. false; f; false; g. false; h. true; i. true; j. false; k. true; l. false
3. Central processing unit (CPU), main memory (MM), and input/output devices.
5. An operating system monitors the overall activity of the computer and provides services. Some of
these services include memory management, input/output activities, and storage management.
7. In machine language the programs are written using the binary codes while in high-level language the
program are closer to the natural language. For execution, a high-level language program is translated
into the machine language while a machine language need not be translated into any other language.
9. Because the computer cannot directly execute instructions written in a high-level language, a compiler
is needed to translate a program written in high-level language into machine code.
11. Every computer directly understands its own machine language. Therefore, for the computer to execute
a program written in a high-level language, the high-level language program must be translated into the
computer’s machine language.
13. In linking an object program is combined with other programs in the library, used in the program, to
create the executable code.
15. To find the weighted average of the four test scores, first you need to know each test score and its
weight. Next, you multiply each test score with its weight, and then add these numbers to get the
average. Therefore,
1. Get testScore1, weightTestScore1
2. Get testScore2, weightTestScore2
3. Get testScore3, weightTestScore3
4. Get testScore4, weightTestScore4
5. weightedAverage = testScore1 * weightTestScore1 +
testScore2 * weightTestScore2 +
testScore3 * weightTestScore3 +
testScore4 * weightTestScore4;
17. To find the price per square inch, first we need to find the area of the pizza. Then we divide the price
of the pizza by the area of the pizza. Let radius denote the radius and area denote the area of the
circle, and price denote the price of pizza. Also, let pricePerSquareInch denote the price per
square inch.
a. Get radius
b. area = π * radius * radius
c. Get price

1
 d. pricePerSquareInch = price / area
19. To calculate the area of a triangle using the given formula, we need to know the lengths of the
sides―a, b, and c―of the triangle. Next, we calculate s using the formula:
s = (1/2)(a + b + c)
and then calculate the area using the formula:
area = sqrt(s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c))
where sqrt denotes the square root.
The algorithm, therefore, is:
a. Get a, b, c
b. s = (1/2)(a + b + c)
c. area = sqrt(s(s-a)(s-b)(s-c))
The information needed to calculate the area of the triangle is the lengths of the sides of the triangle.
21. Suppose that numOfPages denoes the number of pages to be faxed and billingAmount denotes
the total charges for the pages faxed. To calculate the total charges, you need to know the number of
pages faxed.
If numOfPages is less than or equal to ten, the billing amount is services charges plus
(numOfPages × 0.20); otherwise, billing amount is service charges plus 10 × 0.20 plus
(numOfPages - 10) × 0.10. That is,
You can now write the algorithm as follows:
a. Get numOfPages.
b. Calculate billing amount using the formula:
if (numOfPages is less than or equal to 10)
billingAmount = 3.00 + (numOfPages × 0.20);
otherwise
billingAmount = 3.00 + 10 × 0.20 + (numOfPages - 10) × 0.10;
23. Suppose averageTestScore denotes the average test score, highestScore denotes the highest
test score, testScore denotes a test score, sum denote the sum of all the test scores, and count
denotes the number of students in class, and studentName denotes the name of a student.
a. First you design an algorithm to find the average test score. To find the average test score, first
you need to count the number of students in the class and add the test score of each student. You
then divide the sum by count to find the average test score. The algorithm to find the average test
score is as follows:
i. Set sum and count to 0.
ii. Repeat the following for each student in class.
1. Get testScore
2. Increment count and update the value of sum by adding the current test score to sum.
iii. Use the following formula to find the average test score.
if (count is 0)
averageTestScore = 0;

2
 otherwise
averageTestScore = sum / count;
b. The following algorithm determines and prints the names of all the students whose test score is
below the average test score.
Repeat the following for each student in class:
i. Get studentName and testScore
ii.
if (testScore is less than averageTestScore)
print studentName
c. The following algorithm determines and highest test score
i. Get first student’s test score and call it highestTestScore.
ii. Repeat the following for each of the remaining student in class
1. Get testScore
2.
if (testScore is greater than highestTestScore)
highestTestScore = testScore;

d. To print the names of all the students whose test score is the same as the highest test score,
compare the test score of each student with the highest test score and if they are equal print the
name. The following algorithm accomplishes this
Repeat the following for each student in class:
i. Get studentName and testScore
ii.
if (testScore is equal to highestTestScore)
print studentName

You can use the solutions of the subproblems obtained in parts a to d to design the main algorithm as
follows:
1. Use the algorithm in part a to find the average test score.
2. Use the algorithm in part b to print the names of all the students whose score is below the average
test score.
3. Use the algorithm in part c to find the highest test score.
4. Use the algorithm in part d to print the names of all the students whose test score is the same as the
highest test score

3
 Chapter 2

1. a. false; b. false; c. false; d. true; e. true; f. false; g. true; h. true; i. false; j. true; k. false
3. b, d, e
5. The identifiers firstName and FirstName are not the same. C++ is case sensitive. The first letter
of firstName is lowercase f while the first character of FirstName is uppercase F. So these
identifiers are different
7. a. 3
b. Not possible. Both the operands of the operator % must be integers. Because the second operand,
w, is a floating-point value, the expression is invalid.
c. Not possible. Both the operands of the operator % must be integers. Because the first operand,
which is y + w, is a floating-point value, the expression is invalid .
d. 38.5
e. 1
f. 2
g. 2
h. 420.0
9. 7
11. a and c are valid
13. a. 32 * a + b
b. '8'
c. "Julie Nelson"
d. (b * b – 4 * a * c) / (2 * a)
e. (a + b) / c * (e * f) – g * h
f. (–b + (b * b – 4 * a * c)) / (2 * a)
15. x = 28
y = 35
z = 1
w = 22.00
t = 6.5
17. a. 0.50
b. 24.50
c. 37.6
d. 8.3
e. 10
f. 38.75
19. a and c are correct

4
21. a. int num1;
int num2;
b. cout << "Enter two numbers separated by spaces." << endl;
c. cin >> num1 >> num2;
d. cout << "num1 = " << num1 << "num2 = " << num2
<< "2 * num1 – num2 = " << 2 * num1 – num2 << endl;
23. A correct answer is:
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

const char STAR = '*';

const int PRIME = 71;

int main()
{
int count, sum;
double x;

int newNum; //declare newNum

count = 1;
sum = count + PRIME;
x = 25.67; // x = 25.67;
newNum = count * 1 + 2; //newNum = count * ONE + 2;
sum = sum + count; //sum + count = sum;
x = x + sum * count; // x = x + sum * COUNT;
cout << " count = " << count << ", sum = " << sum
<< ", PRIME = " << PRIME << endl;
return 0;
}

25. An identifier must be declared before it can be used.

27. a. x *= 2;
b. x += y - 2;
c. sum += num;
d. z *= x + 2;
e. y /= x + 5;
29.
a b c
a = (b++) + 3; 9 7 und
c = 2 * a + (++b); 9 8 26
b = 2 * (++c) – (a++); 10 45 27

31. (The user input is shaded.)

5
 a = 25
Enter two integers: 20 15

The numbers you entered are 20 and 15

z = 45.5
Your grade is A
The value of a = 65
33.
#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

const double X = 13.45;

const int Y = 34;
const char BLANK = ' ';

int main()
{
string firstName, lastName;
int num;
double salary;

cout << "Enter first name: ";

cin >> firstName;
cout << endl;

cout << "Enter last name: ";

cin >> lastName;
cout << endl;

cout << "Enter a positive integer less than 70: ";

cin >> num;
cout << endl;

salary = num * X;

cout << "Name: " << firstName << BLANK << lastName << endl;
cout << "Wages: $" << salary << endl;
cout << "X = " << X << endl;
cout << "X + Y = " << X + Y << endl;

return 0;
}

6
 Chapter 3

1. a. true; b. true; c. false; d. false; e. true; f. true

3. a. x = 37, y = 86, z = 0.56
b. x = 37, y = 32, z = 86.56
c. Input failure: z = 37.0, x = 86, trying to read the . (period) into y.
5. Input failure: Trying to read A into y, which is an int variable. x = 46, y = 18, and z =
'A'. The values of y and z are unchanged.
7. iomanip
9. cmath
11. To use the function putback, the program must include the header file iomanip. To use the function
peek, the program must include the header file iostream.
13. getline(cin, name);
15. a. name = " Lance Grant", age = 23
b. name = " ", age = 23
17.
#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>

using namespace std;

int main()
{
int num1, num2;
ifstream infile;
ofstream outfile;

infile.open("input.dat");
outfile.open("output.dat");

infile >> num1 >> num2;

outfile << "Sum = " << num1 + num2 << endl;

infile.close();
outfile.close();

return 0;
}

19. fstream
21. a. Same as before.
b. The file contains the output produced by the program.
c. The file contains the output produced by the program. The old contents are erased.
d. The program would prepare the file and store the output in the file.
23. a. outfile.open("travel.dat ");
b. outfile >> fixed >> showpoint >> setprecision(2);

7
c. outfile >> day >> " " >> distance >> " " >> speed >> endl;
d. travelTime = distance / speed;
outfile >> travelTime;
e. fstream and iomanip.

8
 Chapter 4
1. a. false; b. false; c. false; d. true; e. false; f. false; g. false; h. false; i. false; j. true
3. a. true; b. false; c. true; d. true; e. false
5. a. x = y: 0
b. x != z: 1
c. y == z – 3: 1
d. !(z > w): 0
e. x + y < z: 0
7. a. %%
b. 10 2 * 5
c. A
d. C--
e. Sam Tom
Tom Sam
f. -6
**
9. a. R&
b. 1 2 3 4
$$
c. Jack Accounting
John Business

11. The value of found is: 1

13. Omit the semicolon after else. The correct statement is:
if (score >= 60)
cout << "You pass." << endl;
else
cout << "You fail." << endl;
15. The correct code is:
if (0 < numOfItemsBought && numOfItemsBought < 5)
shippingCharges = 5.00 * numOfItemsBought;
else if (5 <= numOfItemsBought && numOfItemsBought < 10)
shippingCharges = 2.00 * numOfItemsBought;
else
shippingCharges = 0.0;

17. 3 1
19. if (sale > 20000)
bonus = 0.10
else if (sale > 10000 && sale <= 20000)
bonus = 0.05;
else
bonus = 0.0;

9
21. a. The output is: Discount = 10%. The semicolon at the end of the if statement terminates the if
statement. So the cout statement is not part of the if statement. The cout statement will execute
regardless of whether the expression in the if statement evaluates to true or false.
b. The output is: Discount = 10%. The semicolon at the end of the if statement terminates the if
statement. So the cout statement is not part of the if statement. The cout statement will execute
regardless of whether the expression in the if statement evaluates to true or false.

23. a. (x >= y) ? z = x – y : z = y – x;

b. (hours >= 40.0) ? wages = 40 * 7.50 + 1.5 * 7.5 * (hours – 40)

: wages = hours * 7.50;
c. (score >= 60) ? str = "Pass" : str = "Fail";
25. a. 40.00
b. 40.00
c. 55.00
27. a. 16 b. 3 c. 18 d. 23
29. a. 3 b. -20 c. 3 d. 5

31.
#include <iostream>

using namespace std;

const int SECRET = 5;

int main()
{
int x, y, w, z;

z = 9;

if (z > 10)
{
x = 12;
y = 5;
w = x + y + SECRET;
}
else
{
x = 12;
y = 4;
w = x + y + SECRET;
}

cout << "w = " << w << endl;

return 0;
}

33.
switch (classStanding)
{
case 'f':
dues = 150.00;
break;
case 's':
if (gpa >= 3.75)
dues = 75.00;

10
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 else
dues = 120.00;
break;
case 'j':
if (gpa >= 3.75)
dues = 50.00;
else
dues = 100.00;
break;
case 'n':
if (gpa >= 3.75)
dues = 25.00;
else
dues = 75.00;
break;
default:
cout << "Invalid class standing code." << endl;
}

11
 Chapter 5

1. false; b. true; c. false; d. true; e. true; f. true; g. true; h. false

3. 181.00
5. if ch > 'Z' or ch < 'A'
7. Sum = 94
9. Sum = 37
11. a. 29
b. 2 8
c. 8 13 21 34
d. The value of num1 + num2 becomes larger than the largest int value and the value of
temp overflows its memory space. Some of the values output by the program are: 4 7 11
18 29 47 76 123 199 322 521 843 1364 2207 3571 5778 9349 15127 24476
39603 64079 103682 167761 271443 439204 710647 1149851 1860498
3010349 4870847 7881196 12752043 20633239 33385282 54018521
87403803 141422324 228826127 370248451 599074578 969323029
1568397607
13. Replace the while loop statement with the following:
while (response == 'Y' || response == 'y')
Replace the cout statement:
cout << num1 << " + " << num2 << " = " << (num1 - num2)
<< endl;

with the following:

cout << num1 << " + " << num2 << " = " << (num1 + num2)
<< endl;
15. 4 3 2 1
17. 0 3 8 15 24
19. Loop control variable: j
The initialization statement: j = 1;
Loop condition: j <= 10;
Update statement: j++
The statement that updates the value of s: s = s + j * (j – 1);
21. -1 1 3 5 7 6
23. a. *
b. infinite loop
c. infinite loop
d. ****
e. ******
f. ***
25. The relationship between x and y is: 3y = x.
Output: x = 19683, y = 10

12
27.
0 - 24
25 - 49
50 - 74
75 - 99
100 - 124
125 - 149
150 - 174
175 - 200
29. a. both
b. do...while
c. while
d. while

31. In a pretest loop, the loop condition is evaluated before executing the body of the loop. In a posttest
loop, the loop condition is evaluated after executing the body of the loop. A posttest loop executes at
least once, while a pretest loop may not execute at all.
33. int num;
do
{
cout << "Enter a number less than 20 or greater than 75: ";
cin >> num;
}
while (20 <= num && num <= 75);

35. int i = 0, value = 0;

do
{
if (i % 2 == 0 && i <= 10)
value = value + i * i;
else if (i % 2 == 0 && i > 10)
value = value + i;
else
value = value - i;
i = i + 1;
}
while (i <= 20);

cout << "value = " << value << endl;

The output is: value = 200

37 cin >> number;

while (number != -1)
{
total = total + number;
cin >> number;
}
cout << endl;
cout << total << endl;

13
39. a.
number = 1;
while (number <= 10)
{
cout << setw(3) << number;
number++;
}

b.
number = 1;
do
{
cout << setw(3) << number;
number++;
}
while (number <= 10);

41. a. 29
b. 2 8
c. 8 13 21 34
d. 28 43 71 114
43 -1 0 3 8 15 24
45. 12 11 9 7 6 4 2 1

14
 Chapter 6
1. a. false; b. true; c. true; d. true; e. false; f. true; g. false; h. true; i. false; j. true; k. false; l. false;
m. false; n. true
3. a. 12 b. 23.45 c. 7.8 d. 23.04 e. 32.00 f. 7.0 g. 2.7
h. 6.0 i. 36.00 j. 19.00

5. (ii) and (iii)

7. a, b, c, d, e are valid. In f, the second argument in the function call is missing. In g and h, the function
call requires one more argument.
9. a. 2; int
b. 3; double
c. 4; char
d. 2; string
e. The function func1 requires 2 actual parameters. The type and the order of these
parameters is: int, double
f. cout << func1(3, 8.5) << endl;.
g. cout << join("John", "Project Manager") << endl;
h. cout << static_cast<char>(static_cast<int>
(three(4, 3, 'A', 17.6)) + 1) << endl;

11. bool isLowercaseLetter(char ch)

{
if (islower(ch))
return true;
else
return false;
}

13. a. (i) 45 (ii) 30

b. Let k = abs(n). The function computes (k – 1 ) * k * m / 2, where m and n are the arguments of the
function and k = abs(n).
15. a. 385
b. This function computes 1+4+9+16+25+36+49+64+81+100
17. double funcEx17(double x, double y, double z)
{
return x * pow(y, z);
}

19. a. In a void function, a return statement is used without any value such as return;
b. In a void function, a return statement is used to exit the function early.

21. a. A variable declared in the heading of a function definition is called a formal parameter. A variable
or expression used in a function call is called an actual parameter.
b. A value parameter receives a copy of the actual parameter’s data. A reference parameter receives
the address of the actual parameter.

15
 c. A variable declared within a function or block is called a local variable. A variable declared
outside of every function definition is called a global variable.
23. void funcThreeTimes(double x)
{
cout << fixed << showpoint << setprecision(2);
cout << 3 * x << endl;
}

25. void initialize(int& x, double& y, string& str)

{
x = 0;
y = 0;
str = "";
}

27. 5, 10, 15
20, 10, 15
25, 30, 15
45, 30, 60
29. #include <iostream>

using namespace std;

int secret(int, int);

void func(int x, int& y);

int main()
{
int num1, num2;

__1__ num1 = 6;

__2__ cout << "Enter a positive integer: ";

__3__ cin >> num2;
__4__ cout << endl;
__8__ cout << secret(num1, num2) << endl;
__9__ num2 = num2 – num1;
_10__ cout << num1 << " " << num2 << endl;
_15__ func(num2, num1);
_16__ cout << num1 << " " << num2 << endl;

_17__ return 0;
}

int secret(int a, int b)

{
int d;

__5__ d = a + b;
__6__ b = a * d;

__7__ return b;
}

void func (int x, int& y)

{
int val1, val2;

16
_11__ val1 = x + y;
_12__ val2 = x * y;
_13__ y = val1 + val2;
_14__ cout << val1 << " " << val2 << endl;
}

If the input is 10, the output is:

96
6 4
10 24
34 4

31. void traceMe(double& x, double y, double& z)

{
if (x != 0)
z = sqrt(y) / x;
else
{
cout << "Enter a nonzero number: ";
cin >> x;
cout << endl;
z = floor(pow(y, x));
}
}

33. 10 20
5 20

35. 11, 3
16, 2
19, 3
24, 2
37. a, b, c, and e are correct.

17
 Chapter 7
1. a. true; b. false; c. true; d. false; e. false; f. true; g. true; h. true; i. false; j. false; k. false

3. Only a and c are valid.

5.
courseType readIn()
{
string course;

cin >> course;

if (course == "Algebra")
class = ALGEBRA;
else if (course == "Beginning Spanish")
class = BEGINNING_SPANISH;
else if (course == "Astronomy")
class == ASTRONOMY;
else if (course == "General Chemistry")
class = GENERAL_CHEMISTRY;
else if (course == "Physics")
class = PHYSICS;
else if (course == "Logic")
class = LOGIC;
else
cout << "Invalid course" << endl;

return course;
}

7. Because there is no name for an anonymous type, you cannot pass an anonymous type as a parameter
to a function and a function cannot return an anonymous type value. Also, values used in one
anonymous type can be used in another anonymous type, but variables of those types are treated
differently.
9. The statement in Line 2 should be:
using namespace std; //Line 2
11. The statement in Line 2 should be:
using namespace std; //Line 2
13. Either include the statement:
using namespace aaa;
before the function main or refer to the identifiers x and y in main as aaa::x and aaa::y,
respectively.
15. a. Heelo Thlre
b. Giamond Dold
c. Ca+ J+va
17. Summer or Fall Trip to Hawaii
Trip to Hawaii in Summer or Fall
29
8
7
Fall Trip to Hawaii

18
Summer or Fall Trip to ******
C++ Programming
15
J+$ Programming

19
 Chapter 8
1. a. true; b. true; c. false; d. false; e. true; f. false; g. false; h. false; i. true; j. false; k. false; l. false

3. a. This declaration is correct.

b. The statement should be: int age[80];

c. This declaration is correct.
d. The statement should be: int list[100];
e. The statement should be: double salaries[50];
f. The const declaration should be: const double LENGTH = 30;
g. This declaration is correct.
5. 0 to 63

7. 2.00 3.00 6.00 11.00 18.00

27.00 12.00 22.00 11.00 18.00

9. 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 144 343

11.

int myList[10];

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)

myList[i] = [i];

13. If array index is less than 0 or greater than arraySize – 1, we say that the array index is out-of

bounds. C++ does not check for array indices within bound.

15. a. double heights[10] = {5.2, 6.3, 5.8, 4.9, 5.2, 5.7, 6.7, 7.1, 5.10, 6.0};
or
double heights[] = {5.2, 6.3, 5.8, 4.9, 5.2, 5.7, 6.7, 7.1, 5.10, 6.0};
b. int weights[7] = {120, 125, 137, 140, 150, 180, 210};
or
int weights[] = {120, 125, 137, 140, 150, 180, 210};
c. char specialSymbols[] = {'$', '#', '%', '@', '&', '! ', '^'};
d. string seasons[4] = {"fall", "winter", "spring", "summer"};
or
string seasons[] = {"fall", "winter", "spring", "summer"};

17. list[0] = 6, list[1] = 10, list[2] = 14, list[3] = 18, list[4] = 22, list[5] = 0,
list[6] = 0.

19. 16 32 44 56 68 37 20

20
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21. a. Correct.
b. Correct.
c. Incorrect. The size of score is 50, so the call should be tryMe(score, 50);
d. Correct.
e. Incorrect. The array gpa is of type double while the parameter x of tryMe is of type int. So
there will be mismatch data type error.

23. 1 25000.00 750.00

2 36500.00 1095.00
3 85000.00 2550.00
4 62500.00 1875.00
5 97000.00 2910.00

25. List elements: 11 16 21 26 30

27. 1 3.50 10.70 235.31

2 7.20 6.50 294.05
3 10.50 12.00 791.68
4 9.80 10.50 646.54
5 6.50 8.00 326.73

29. No.

31. List before the first iteration: 36, 55, 17, 35, 63, 85, 12, 48, 3, 66
List after the first iteration: 3, 55, 17, 35, 63, 85, 12, 48, 36, 66
List after the second iteration: 3, 12, 17, 35, 63, 85, 55, 48, 36, 66
List after the third iteration: 3, 12, 17, 35, 63, 85, 55, 48, 36, 66
List after the fourth iteration: 3, 12, 17, 35, 63, 85, 55, 48, 36, 66
List after the fifth iteration: 3, 12, 17, 35, 36, 85, 55, 48, 63, 66
List after the sixth iteration: 3, 12, 17, 35, 36, 48, 55, 85, 63, 66
List after the seventh iteration: 3, 12, 17, 35, 36, 48, 55, 85, 63, 66
List after the eighth iteration: 3, 12, 17, 35, 36, 48, 55, 63, 85, 66
List after the ninth iteration: 3, 12, 17, 35, 36, 48, 55, 63, 66, 85

33. a. Invalid; the assignment operator is not defined for C-strings.

b. Invalid; the relational operators are not defined for C-strings.
c. Invalid; the assignment operator is not defined for C-strings.
d. Valid
35. a. strcpy(str1, "Sunny Day");
b. length = strlen(str1);
c. strcpy(str2, name);
d. if (strcmp(str1, str2) <= 0)
cout << str1 << endl;
else
cout << str2 << endl;

37. int temp[3][4] = {{6, 8, 12, 9},

21
 {17, 5, 10, 6},
{4, 13, 16, 20}};
39. a. 30
b. 5
c. 6
d. row
e. column
41. a. beta is initialized to 0.

b.
First row of beta: 0 1 2
Second row of beta: 1 2 3
Third row of beta: 2 3 4
c.
First row of beta: 0 0 0
Second row of beta: 0 1 2
Third row of beta: 0 2 4
d.
First row of beta: 0 2 0
Second row of beta: 2 0 2
Third row of beta: 0 2 0

22
 Chapter 9

1. a. false; b. false; c. true; d. true; e. true; f. true; g. false

3. carType newCar;

newCar.manufacturer = "GMT";
newCar.model = " Cyclone";
newCar.modelType = "sedan";
newCar.color = "blue"
newCar.numOfDoors = 4;
newCar.cityMilesPerGallon = 28;
newCar.highwayMilesPerGallon = 32;
newCar.yearBuilt = 2006;
newCar.price = 25000.00;
5. fruitType fruit;
fruit.name = "banana";
fruit.color = "yellow";
fruit.fat = 1;
fruit.sugar = 15;
fruit.carbohydrate = 22;
7. student.name.first = "Linda";
student.name.last = "Brown";
student.gpa = 3.78;
student.course.name: "Calculus";
student.course.callNum = 23827;
student.course.credits = 4;
student.course.grade = 'A';
9. a. Invalid; the member name of newEmployee is a struct. Specify the member names to store
the value "John Smith". For example,
newEmployee.name.first = "John";
newEmployee.name.last = "Smith";
b. Invalid; the member name of newEmployee is a struct. There are no aggregate output
operations on a struct. A correct statement is:

cout << newEmployee.name.first << " "

<< newEmployee.name.last << endl;

c. Valid
d. Valid
e. Invalid; employees is an array. There are no aggregate assignment operations on arrays.
11. partsType inventory[100];

13. void getData(partsType& pType)

{
for (int j = 0; j < length; j++)
{
cin >> pType.partName;
cin >> pType.partNum;
cin >> pType.price;
cin >> pType.quantitiesInStock;
}
}

23
for (int j = 0; j < 100; j++)
getData(inventory[i]);

24
 Chapter 10

1. a. false; b. false; c. true; d. false; e. false;

3. The type of the function print is missing. The statement in Line 5 should be:
void print() const; //Line 5

5. Semicolon after public should be a colon, missing semicolon after }; and a constructor has no type.
The statements in Lines 3, 8, and 13 should be:
public: //Line 3

discover(string, int, int); //Line 8

}; //Line 13

7. a. void bagType::set(string s, double a, double b, double c, double d)

{
style = s;
l = a;
w = b;
h = c;
price = d;
}

b. void bagType::print() const

{
cout << "Bag Type: " << style << ", length = " << l
<< ", width = " << w << ", height = " << h
<< ", price = $ " << price << endl;
}
c. bagType::bagType()
{
style = "";
l = 0.0;
w = 0.0;
h = 0.0;
price = 0.0;
}
d. newBag.print();

e. bagType tempBag("backPack", 15, 8, 20, 49.99);

9. The functions print, updatePay, and getNumOfServiceYears are accessors; functions

setData and updatePay are mutators.

11. a. 14
b. 3
c. The class temporary has only one constructor. Because this is a constructor with
default parameters, it can be used to initialize an object without specifying any
parameters. For example, the following statement creates the object newObject and its
instance variables are initialized to "", 0, and 0, respectively.
temporary newObject;
13. The statement in Line 1 creates object1 and initializes the instance variables of this object to "", 0,
0, that is, object1.description = "";, object1.first = 0.0;, and

25
 object1.second = 0.0;. The statement in Line 2 creates object2 and initializes the instance
variables of this object as follows: object2.description = "rectangle";,
object2.first = 3.0;, and object2.second = 5.0;. The statement in Line 3 creates
object3 and initializes the instance variables of this object as follows: object3.description
= "circle";, object3.first = 6.5;, and object3.second = 0.0;. The statement in
Line 4 creates object4 and initializes the instance variables of this object as follows:
object4.description = "cylinder";, object4.first = 6.0;, and
object4.second = 3.5;.

15. There two built-in operations for class objects: Member access (.) and assignment (=).

17. a.
int testClass::sum()
{
return x + y;
}

void testClass::print() const

{
cout << "x = " << x << ", y = " << y << endl;
}

testClass::testClass()
{
x = 0;
y = 0;
}

testClass::testClass(int a, int b)
{
x = a;
y = b;
}

b. One possible solution. (We assume that the name of the header file containing the definition of the
class testClass is Exercise17Ch10.h.)
#include <iostream>
#include "Exercise17Ch10.h"

int main()
{
testClass one;
testClass two(4, 5);

one.print();
two.print();

return 0;
}

19. a. personType student("Buddy", "Arora");

b. student.print();
c. student.setName("Susan", "Gilbert");

26
21. A constructor is a member of a class and it executes automatically when a class object is

instantiated and a call to the constructor is specified in the object declaration. A constructor is

included in a class so that the objects are properly initialized when they are declared.

23. A destructor is a member of a class and if it is included in a class, it executes automatically when

a class object goes out of scope. Its main purpose is to deallocate the dynamic memory created

by an object.

25.

a. myClass::count = 0;
b. myClass.incrementCount();
c. myClass.printCount();
d.

int myClass::count = 0;

void myClass::setX(int a)
{
x = a;
}

void myClass::printX() const

{
cout << x;
}

void myClass::printCount()
{
cout << count;
}

void myClass::incrementCount()
{
count++;
}

myClass::myClass(int a)
{
x = a;
}
e. myClass myObject1(5);
f. myClass myObject2(7);
g.
The statements in Lines 1 and 2 are valid.
The statement in Line 3 should be: myClass::printCount();.

27
 The statement in Line 4 is invalid because the member function printX is not a static
member of the class, and so cannot be called by using the name of class.
The statement in Line 5 is invalid because count is a private static member variable of
the class.
h.
5
2
2
3
14
3
3

28
 Chapter 11

1. a. true; b. true; c. true

3. Some of the member variables that can be added to the class employeeType are:

department, salary, employeeCategory (such as supervisor and president), and

employeeID. Some of the member functions are: setInfo, setSalary, getSalary,

setDepartment; getDepartment, setCategory, getCategory, setID, and getID.

class employeeType: public personType

{
public:
void setInfo(string, string, string, double, string, string);
void setSalary(double);
void setDepartment(string);
void setCategory(string);
void setID(string);
double getSalary() const;
string getDepartment(string) const;
string getCategory()const;
string getID()const;

private:
string department;
double salary;
string employeeCategory;
string employeeID;
};

5. a. The base class is atom and the derived class is molecules.

b. This is a private inheritance.

7. Private members of the object newCylinder are xCoordinate, yCoordinate, radius, and

height.

9. Missing : in the first statement. The first statement should be:

class derivedFromTemp: public temp

Also missing ; after }. It should be

};

11. a. void print() const;

29
 b. void set(int, int, int);
void get(int&, int&, int&);

13. First a constructor of class one will execute, then a constructor of class two will execute, and

finally a constructor of class three will execute.

15. a. Invalid. z is an instance variable of the derived class, it cannot be accessed by the members of

the class smart.

b. Invalid. secret is a private member of the class smart. It cannot be accessed directly
outside of the class. Also z is a private member of the class superSmart. It cannot be
accessed directly outside of the class.

c. Valid
d. Invalid. smart is the name of a class, not an object of this class. It cannot be used to call its
member function print.
e. Invalid. superSmart is the name of a class. It cannot be used to access its members.

17. In a private inheritance, the public members of the base class are private members of the

derived class. They can be accessed by the member functions (and friend functions) of the

derived class. The protected members of the base class are private members of the derived

class. They can be accessed by the member functions (and friend functions) of the derived class.

The private members of the base class are hidden in the derived class. They cannot be directly

accessed in the derived class. They can be accessed by the member functions (and friend

functions) of the derived class through the public or protected members of the derived class.

19. In a public inheritance, the public members of the base class are public members of the

derived class. They can be directly accessed in the derived class. The protected members of

the base class are protected members of the derived class. They can be directly accessed by the

member functions (and friend functions) of the derived class. The private members of the

base class are hidden in the derived class. They cannot be directly accessed in the derived class.

They can be accessed by the member functions (and friend functions) of the derived class

through the public or protected members of the base class.

30
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Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
 Mrs. Paine. Yes; I was.
Mr. Jenner. Is it accurate?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. Commission Exhibit 437, is that the kitchen area in
your home?
Mrs. Paine. Yes; it is.
Mr. Jenner. Now, were you present when that was taken?
Mrs. Paine. Yes; I was.
Mr. Jenner. And is it accurate?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. Returning now to the floor plan exhibit, Commission
Exhibit 430, is Commission Exhibit 437, which is the kitchen area in
your home, that portion of Commission Exhibit 430 which is lettered
"kitchen-dining area."
Mrs. Paine. It is a picture of that portion.
Mr. Jenner. Of that portion, rather than the portion to the left
which is unlettered?
Mrs. Paine. That is right.
Mr. Jenner. The garage interior we identified yesterday. By the
way, have you ever been in the Randle home?
Mrs. Paine. Yes; I have.
Mr. Jenner. Have you been there often enough to identify a floor
plan and pictures of the Randle home?
Mrs. Paine. Yes. I have been there perhaps once or twice.
Mr. McCloy. Do you intend to call Mrs. Randle?
Mr. Jenner. Unfortunately Mrs. Randle has already testified and
Mr. Ball when he questioned her did not have this exhibit. It wasn't
in existence.
 I show you a page marked Commission Exhibit No. 441 entitled
"Randle Home, 2439 West Fifth Street, Irving, Tex.," purporting to
be a floor plan outline of the Randle home. You have been in the
Randle home?
Mrs. Paine. Yes; I have.
Mr. Jenner. On several occasions?
Mrs. Paine. Two or three; yes.
Mr. Jenner. And are you familiar with the general area of the
Randle home?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. Surrounding the Randle home?
Mrs. Paine. Indeed; I am.
Mr. Jenner. And looking at Commission Exhibit 441, is that an
accurate floor plan outline and general community outline of the
Randle home?
Mrs. Paine. Yes; I would say it is.
Mr. Jenner. I show you Commission Exhibit 442. Is that an
accurate and true and correct photograph showing the corner view
of the Randle home?
Mrs. Paine. Yes; it is.
Mr. Jenner. Exhibit 443, is that an accurate photograph of a
portion of the kitchen portion, the front of the kitchen window of the
Randle home?
Mrs. Paine. I believe so.
Mr. Jenner. Does your recollection serve you——
Mrs. Paine. I am trying to see if I know which is west and north
there and I am not certain.
Mr. Jenner. Let us return to the floor plan.
 Mrs. Paine. This would be, yes, that is what I thought. This is
looking then west.
Mr. Jenner. You have now oriented yourself. And is it an accurate
picture of the front of the kitchen?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Senator Cooper. Which exhibit are you referring to now?
Mr. Jenner. The front of the Randle home No. 443. The next
number, 444, is that an accurate photograph of the area of the
Randle home showing a view from the field from the Randle's
kitchen window?
Mrs. Paine. That is accurate.
Mr. Jenner. Across the street?
Mrs. Paine. Correct.
Mr. Jenner. Commission Exhibit 445, is that an accurate
photograph of the kitchen of the Randle home looking at the
direction of the carport from the Randle home?
Mrs. Paine. That is an accurate picture showing the door opening
to the carport; yes.
Mr. Jenner. And the kitchen portion of the Randle home facing on
the carport?
Mrs. Paine. Correct.
Mr. Jenner. Have you ever been in the carport area of the Randle
home?
Mrs. Paine. Yes; I have.
Mr. Jenner. And is Commission Exhibit 446 a view of a portion of
the carport area of the Randle home?
Mrs. Paine. It looks like it.
Mr. Jenner. Now 447 is a photograph taken from the street
looking toward the Randle home, is that right?
 Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. And it is the west side of the Randle house?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. Showing that carport area?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. And it is accurate, isn't it?
Mrs. Paine. It is accurate.
Mr. Jenner. Commission Exhibit 438, is that an accurate
photograph of the area of Irving Street showing not only the Randle
house but also your home?
Mrs. Paine. Yes; that is accurate.
Mr. Jenner. And is Commission Exhibit 448——
Senator Cooper. What was the number of the photograph which
you just referred to?
Mr. Jenner. 438. 438 is view looking northeast showing the Paine
home at the left and the Randle home at the far right. Directing your
attention to Commission Exhibit 448, is that an accurate photograph
showing a view of the Randle home looking West Fifth Street?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. Is Commission Exhibit 438 an accurate photograph
showing a view looking west along Fifth Street to your home?
Mrs. Paine. Yes; it is.
Mr. Jenner. And is the arrow that appears on that photograph—
does that point to your home?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. Is Commission Exhibit No. 450, which I now show
you, an accurate photograph of the intersection of Westbrook Drive
and West Fifth Street viewed from immediately outside the Randle
kitchen window?
Mrs. Paine. It looks to be exactly that.
Mr. Jenner. I now show you Commission Exhibit No. 440 entitled
"Paine and Randle homes, Irving, Tex." which purports to be, and I
believe is, a scale drawing of the area in Irving, Tex., along West
Fifth Street and Westbrook Drive, in which your home at 2515 West
Fifth Street is shown in outline, and the location and form of the
Randle home down the street and on the corner is likewise shown.
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. Is that accurate?
Mrs. Paine. That is accurate.
Senator Cooper. Are you going to make part of the record these
exhibits which she has identified?
Mr. Jenner. Yes; I am about to offer these and I would ask Mr.
Redlich if he would assemble the exhibit numbers so I can make the
offer, please.
Mrs. Paine, now that you have had a rest over night, we would
like to return to the late afternoon and the evening of November 21.
Did Lee Harvey Oswald come to Irving, Tex., at anytime that day?
Mrs. Paine. He came some time shortly before 5:30 in the
evening on the 21st.
Mr. Jenner. Had either you or Marina, I limit it to you first, had
you had any notice or intimation whatsoever that Lee Harvey Oswald
would appear on that day?
Mrs. Paine. Absolutely none.
Mr. Jenner. And his appearance was a complete surprise to you?
Mrs. Paine. That is correct.
Mr. Jenner. Did anything occur during the day or during that
week up to the time that you saw Lee Harvey Oswald that afternoon
that impressed you or led you to believe that Marina had any notion
whatsoever that her husband would or might appear at your home
on that day?
Mrs. Paine. Nothing. I rather had the contrary impressions.
Mr. Jenner. Now, what was your first notice, what was the
circumstances that brought your attention to the fact that Lee
Harvey Oswald was in Irving, Tex., that afternoon.
Mrs. Paine. I arrived home from the grocery store in my car and
saw he was on the front lawn at my house.
Mr. Jenner. You had had no word whatsoever from anybody prior
to that moment?
Mrs. Paine. No word whatsoever.
Mr. Jenner. Now where was he? And we may use the exhibits we
have just identified. Mr. Chairman, I offer in evidence the
photographs and the floor plans and the area outlines the witness
has just identified and testified about as they are Commission Exhibit
Nos. 429 through 448 both inclusive, and 450 and 452.
Senator Cooper. The exhibits offered will be received in evidence.
(Commission Exhibits Nos. 429 through 448 both inclusive, and
450 and 452 were received in evidence.)
The Chairman. Senator Cooper, at this time I am obliged to leave
for our all-day conference on Friday at the Supreme Court, and I
may be back later in the day, but if I don't, you continue, of course.
Senator Cooper. I will this morning. If I can't be here this
afternoon, whom do you want to preside?
The Chairman. Congressman Ford, would you be here this
afternoon at all?
Representative Ford. Unfortunately Mr. McCloy and I have to go
to a conference out of town.
The Chairman. You are both going out of town, aren't you?
 Senator Cooper. I can go and come back if it is necessary.
The Chairman. I will try to be here myself. Will Mr. Dulles be here?
Mr. McCloy. He is out of town.
The Chairman. If you should not finish, Mr. Jenner, will you phone
me at the Court and I will try to suspend my own conference over
there and come over.
Senator Cooper. I will be here anyway all morning and will try to
come back this afternoon.
The Chairman. Thank you very much. Mrs. Paine, I want to thank
you for coming and for being so patient with our long questioning.
Mrs. Paine. I am glad to do what I can.
The Chairman. You know that it is necessary.
Mrs. Paine. Indeed.
The Chairman. Thank you very much.
Mr. Jenner. You might use the ruler, and I have set the floor plan
and the area plan of your home, Mrs. Paine, Exhibit 430, on the
blackboard. As you testify, it might be helpful to point to those
areas. Now in which direction were you coming?
Mrs. Paine. I was coming from the east.
Mr. Jenner. From the east?
Mrs. Paine. Along West Fifth.
Mr. Jenner. You were going west. Your home is on the right-hand
side.
Mrs. Paine. That is right.
Mr. Jenner. When did you first sight, where were you when you
first saw Lee in your courtyard?
Mrs. Paine. Just past the corner of Westbrook and Fifth.
Mr. Jenner. That area is open from that point to your home; is it?
 Mrs. Paine. The area of the front yard; yes.
Mr. Jenner. Your home is well set back from the street or
sidewalk?
Mrs. Paine. Moderately set back.
Mr. Jenner. What would you judge that distance to be?
Mrs. Paine. Two car lengths from the opening of the garage to
the sidewalk.
Mr. Jenner. Now where was Lee Oswald when you first saw him?
Mrs. Paine. He was on the grass just to the east of the driveway.
Mr. Jenner. Near the driveway just to the east, but he was out in
front of your home?
Mrs. Paine. That is correct.
Mr. Jenner. What did you do then? You proceeded down the
street?
Mrs. Paine. I parked my car, yes; parked my car in its usual
position in the driveway.
Mr. Jenner. In your driveway?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. Up close to the garage opening?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. And that left you then, you were on the left side or
the driving side of your automobile. You got out, did you?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. Which way? Did you get out to your left or did you
swing across the seat and get out at the right hand door?
Mrs. Paine. I got out on the driver's side, on the left.
 Mr. Jenner. Then what did you do? First tell us what you did. Did
you go into your home directly? Did you walk around?
Mrs. Paine. No. I greeted Lee and Marina, who were both on the
front lawn.
Mr. Jenner. Was their daughter June out in front as well?
Mrs. Paine. Their daughter June was out in front. It was warm.
Lee was playing with June.
Mr. Jenner. How was he attired?
Mrs. Paine. I don't recall specifically.
Mr. Jenner. You said that he normally wore a T-shirt.
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. Was he in a T-shirt or shirt?
Mrs. Paine. I'd be fairly certain he didn't have a jacket on, but
that whatever it was was tucked in.
Mr. Jenner. Do you remember the color of his trousers?
Mrs. Paine. No.
Mr. Jenner. Now at that point you were surprised to see him?
Mrs. Paine. I was.
Mr. Jenner. What did you say to him?
Mrs. Paine. I don't recall.
Mr. Jenner. But you do recall greeting him?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. You don't recall that you evidenced any surprise that
he was there?
Mrs. Paine. Oh, I think I did.
Mr. Jenner. Had there ever been an occasion prior thereto that he
had appeared at your home without prior notice to you and
permission from you for him to appear?
Mrs. Paine. There had been no such occasion. He had always
asked permission prior to coming.
Mr. Jenner. And there never had been an exception to that up to
this moment?
Mrs. Paine. No exception.
Mr. Jenner. May we have the time again? You say it was late in
the afternoon, but can you fix the time a little more?
Mrs. Paine. It was getting on toward 5:30.
Mr. Jenner. Did you tarry and talk with Lee and Marina?
Mrs. Paine. I remember only that Marina and I were still on the
grass at the entryway to the house when she spoke of her
embarrassment to me in an aside, that is to say, not in Lee's
hearing, that she was sorry he hadn't called ahead and asked if that
was all right. And I said "Why, that is all right."
Mr. Jenner. Nothing was said by her as to why he had come out?
Mrs. Paine. Nothing.
Mr. Jenner. And nothing was——
Mrs. Paine. She was clearly surprised also.
Mr. Jenner. Yes. You made no inquiry of her I take it then of any
explanation made by Lee Oswald as to why he had come out
unannounced and unexpectedly?
Mrs. Paine. No.
Mr. Jenner. At least not as of that moment.
Mrs. Paine. No.
Mr. Jenner. Now when you had your aside with Marina, where
was Lee Oswald?
 Mrs. Paine. On the grass near the tree playing with June as
closely as I can remember.
Mr. Jenner. How long did you and Marina remain in conversation
at that place, position?
Mrs. Paine. Less than a minute.
Mr. Jenner. Then what did you do?
Mrs. Paine. I can only reconstruct it.
Mr. Jenner. That is all I am asking you to do.
Mrs. Paine. I must have gotten groceries from the car.
Mr. Jenner. You mean reconstruct in the sense of rationalizing?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. I wish you would give me first your recollection.
Mrs. Paine. I am certain of going into the house, and I recall
standing just inside the doorway.
Mr. Jenner. Of your home?
Mrs. Paine. Of my home.
Mr. Jenner. But inside the home?
Mrs. Paine. But inside now.
Mr. Jenner. Which way were you facing when you were standing
inside the doorway?
Mrs. Paine. I was facing partly toward the door, toward the loud
speaker. I was facing this way.
Mr. Jenner. Why were you facing outwardly?
Mrs. Paine. I believe I turned. I was coming in. I believe I turned
to speak to Lee as he came in.
Mr. Jenner. Lee followed you in the house?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
 Mr. Jenner. And did Marina come in?
Mrs. Paine. I don't recall whether she was already in or still out.
Mr. Jenner. But you do have a recollection that Lee followed you
into your home.
Mrs. Paine. And I recall very clearly the position I was in in the
room and the position he was in.
Mr. Jenner. Tell us.
Mrs. Paine. I was turned part way toward the door. He was
coming in, having just entered the door and in front of this loud
speaker to which I refer.
Mr. Jenner. What was the loud speaker?
Mrs. Paine. The loud speaker is part of the Hi-Fi set. It stands—it
is a big thing.
Mr. Jenner. Did something occur at that moment?
Mrs. Paine. And it was at that time that I said to him "Our
President is coming to town." I believe I said it in Russian, our
President is coming to town in Russian.
Mr. Jenner. And you gave us his response yesterday but you
might do it again.
Mrs. Paine. He said "Uh, yeah" and brushed on by me, walked on
past.
Mr. Jenner. Did he have an attitude of indifference?
Mrs. Paine. It was clearly both indifference and not wanting to go
on and talk, because he moved away from me on into the kitchen.
Mr. Jenner. He went into your kitchen. What did you do?
Mrs. Paine. I don't recall specifically.
Mr. Jenner. We are anxious to follow minute by minute, to the
extent possible, all the movements of which you had any knowledge
of Lee Oswald on this late afternoon and throughout the evening.
Did Lee Oswald remain in your presence right at this time when you
entered the house? If so, how long? You had this short conversation.
Did he leave your presence then and go to some other part of your
home?
Mrs. Paine. He might have gone to some other part of the home.
He didn't leave the house to my recollection.
Mr. Jenner. I didn't mean to imply that, only whether he remained
in the general area in which you were in your home?
Mrs. Paine. I don't recall.
Mr. Jenner. Did he pass from your sight?
Mrs. Paine. Probably.
Mr. Jenner. Before you guess about it, give us your best
recollection.
Senator Cooper. Tell what you remember.
Mr. McCloy. Yes; just in your own words tell us what your best
recollection of this afternoon was without second to second
sequence.
Mrs. Paine. Clearly just having come from the grocery store I put
the bags down in the kitchen and unpacked them, put them away,
started supper.
Mr. Jenner. Did you have any sense that Lee Oswald was in and
about the inside of the house while you were doing this?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. Do you have a recollection that he did not go out into
the yard during this period?
Mrs. Paine. I don't recall. If he did, it would have been the back.
It would have been unusual for him to go in the front yard.
Mr. Jenner. Now you were preparing your dinner in your kitchen,
were you not?
 Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. And does the entrance to your garage—is there an
entrance to your garage opening from your kitchen into the garage?
Mrs. Paine. There is an entrance to the garage from the kitchen;
yes.
Mr. Jenner. And one of the exhibits we qualified this morning is a
picture of that area of your home, is it not?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. Your answer was yes?
Mrs. Paine. That is right.
Mr. Jenner. At anytime while you were preparing dinner was Lee
Oswald in the garage?
Mrs. Paine. No.
Mr. Jenner. And you were aware of that fact, were you?
Mrs. Paine. That is my best recollection that he was not in the
garage while I was preparing dinner.
Mr. Jenner. Do you know where he was while you were preparing
dinner?
Mrs. Paine. I don't recall specifically.
Mr. Jenner. Did you have occasion to look into your garage area
at anytime during the period you were preparing dinner?
Mrs. Paine. Not that I recall.
Mr. Jenner. Where was Marina during the period you were
preparing dinner?
Mrs. Paine. I'd have to guess.
Senator Cooper. Just tell what you know.
Mr. Jenner. Tell what you know first.
 Mrs. Paine. I don't recall specifically.
Mr. Jenner. Do you have a recollection with respect to whether
she was inside the house or outside the house?
Mrs. Paine. I recall that she was inside the house.
Mr. Jenner. And where was the child June with respect to
whether she was inside or outside the house?
Mrs. Paine. She was inside.
Mr. Jenner. Having located Marina and the Oswald daughter
inside your home, does that refresh your recollection as to whether
Lee was also inside the house?
Mrs. Paine. As far as I remember, he was also inside the house.
Mr. Jenner. Was he playing with his daughter?
Mrs. Paine. I don't recall.
Mr. Jenner. How long did it take you to prepare dinner?
Mrs. Paine. Probably half an hour.
Mr. Jenner. I am unaware of the shades of evening and night in
Texas. By the time you had completed dinner had night fallen or was
it still light?
Mrs. Paine. I don't recall.
Mr. Jenner. What time does nightfall come in Texas in November,
late November?
Mrs. Paine. I would say between 7 and 7:30.
Mr. Jenner. I shouldn't have been as broad as I was. I meant to
locate it in Irving, Tex., rather than Texas generally. About 7:30?
Mrs. Paine. Between 7 and 7:30. I don't know exactly.
Mr. Jenner. When did you sit down for dinner?
Mrs. Paine. I suppose around 6:30.
 Mr. Jenner. Is that your best recollection?
Mrs. Paine. I don't recall specifically.
Mr. Jenner. Was it still light outside, natural light?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. Did Lee Oswald join you for dinner?
Mrs. Paine. Yes; he did.
Mr. Jenner. And how long did dinner take?
Mrs. Paine. Perhaps half an hour.
Mr. Jenner. Did he remain in your presence during all of the
dinner period?
Mrs. Paine. Either there or in the living room.
Mr. Jenner. At anytime during the dinner period, did Lee Oswald
leave your home?
Mrs. Paine. No.
Mr. Jenner. You have a firm recollection of that?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. Did Marina?
Mrs. Paine. No.
Mr. Jenner. At anytime during that period did Lee Oswald enter
the garage area?
Mrs. Paine. No.
Mr. Jenner. Did Marina?
Mrs. Paine. Not to my recollection.
Mr. Jenner. Did you?
Mrs. Paine. The deepfreeze is in the garage. I don't recall having
gone, but I go all the time for goods for the baby, for my little boy.
 Mr. Jenner. And did you use anything from the deepfreeze
normally, in connection with the preparation of an evening meal?
Mrs. Paine. I could have gone out then too.
Mr. Jenner. Though you don't recall it specifically, it is possible
that you went into the garage.
Mrs. Paine. It is possible.
Mr. Jenner. Garage area.
Senator Cooper. But you don't remember?
Mrs. Paine. I don't remember. This is something I do as habit.
Mr. Jenner. It is so much habit that you don't single it out?
Mrs. Paine. No.
Mr. Jenner. In any event, if you entered the garage, it was
pursuant to a normal practice of preparing dinner and not because
you were seeking to look for something out of the ordinary?
Mrs. Paine. That is right.
Mr. Jenner. Or that your attention was arrested by something out
of the ordinary?
Mrs. Paine. That is right.
Mr. Jenner. After the dinner hour or half hour, whatever it took,
what did you do? Let's take say the 1-hour period following your
dinner?
Mrs. Paine. I was busy putting my children to bed.
Mr. Jenner. Where were you located during that period of time?
Mrs. Paine. I normally read them a story in the bedroom which is
the back bedroom on the north side.
Senator Cooper. Did you do it that evening?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
 Senator Cooper. Not normally but do you remember that you did
it?
Mrs. Paine. I am certain I read them a story.
Senator Cooper. What?
Mrs. Paine. I am certain I read them a story. Whether they also
had a bath that night I can't remember.
Mr. Jenner. Now being in your children's bedroom, which I take it
was also your bedroom——
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. That would be the rear portion of your home at the
corner?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. When you were in that room, what can you see with
respect to other portions of your home?
Mrs. Paine. The view from the bedroom door.
Mr. Jenner. Looking into what?
Mrs. Paine. Looking west looks into the kitchen-dining area right
past the doorway entrance to the garage.
Mr. Jenner. Can you see into the living room area of your home?
Mrs. Paine. From that doorway you can; yes.
Mr. Jenner. If you stand in the doorway, I take it you can do so.
Mrs. Paine. But sitting on the bed reading a story; no.
Mr. Jenner. But if you stood in the middle of the room and looked
out that doorway from your bedroom, you would look into the
kitchen area, not into the living room area?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. How long did you remain in your bedroom putting
your children to bed?
 Mrs. Paine. That process can take as much as an hour and often
does.
Mr. Jenner. Give us your very best recollection of how long it took
this evening?
Mrs. Paine. I don't recall specifically how long.
Mr. Jenner. Is it your recollection that you pursued your normal
course in getting them to bed. You read a story, I take it, did you?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. And you undressed the children and placed them in
the crib or bed and you say that normally takes approximately an
hour?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. And you remained in the bedroom during all of that 1
hour period?
Mrs. Paine. Well, I wouldn't be certain of that; no. I also prepare
a bottle which involves going to the kitchen, and heating milk. I also
chase my children. They don't always just stay in the bedroom.
Mr. Jenner. Did you see Lee Harvey Oswald either in or about
your home from time to time during this hour period that you were
preparing your children for sleep that evening?
Mrs. Paine. I don't recall specifically except that I was aware he
was in the home.
Senator Cooper. How would you be aware he was in the home?
Mrs. Paine. I would have noticed it if he had gone out the door it
seems to me, out the front door. One can easily hear, and that would
be an unusual thing.
Mr. Jenner. Why would it be unusual?
Mrs. Paine. Well, he never did go out the front door in the
evening.
 Mr. Jenner. Once he entered your home his normal practice was
to stay inside?
Mrs. Paine. Was to turn on the television set and sit.
Mr. Jenner. Did he turn on the television set?
Mrs. Paine. I don't believe he watched television that evening.
Mr. Jenner. Could you tell us of any awareness on your part of his
presence in the home, that is you were definitely conscious that he
remained inside the house?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. And was not out in the yard?
Senator Cooper. How would you know that?
Mrs. Paine. It is a small house. You can hear if the front door or
the back door opens. But I can't be absolutely certain.
Senator Cooper. Is what you are saying that you don't remember,
or rather that you don't remember that the front door or the back
door did open?
Mrs. Paine. That is right. I am also saying there is very little
about that evening that stood out as unusual. I have tried to say
what I could think of that did stand out as unusual. I think the rest
melds together with other evenings which were similar.
Senator Cooper. I don't want to interrupt you but I think she has
got to tell what she remembers that evening.
Mr. McCloy. Yes. I think without the meticulous minute by
minute, just say what it is.
Senator Cooper. If you don't remember, you don't remember.
Mrs. Paine. I am sorry.
Mr. McCloy. You can't break it down into sequence that far back?
Senator Cooper. Just tell what you remember.
 Mr. Jenner. Go ahead and tell us, Mrs. Paine, the course of events
that evening, with particular reference to what we are interested in,
what Lee Oswald did and where he was during the course of that
evening.
Mrs. Paine. I have already said that after I had my children in
bed, I went to the garage to work.
Mr. Jenner. Was it now nighttime?
Mrs. Paine. It was now dark, I recall about 9 o'clock. I noticed
that the light was on.
Mr. Jenner. Was the door to the garage open?
Mrs. Paine. No; it was closed.
Mr. Jenner. It was closed. And you noticed the light on when you
opened the door.
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. Had the light been on at anytime to your knowledge
prior to that?
Mrs. Paine. Not that evening; no.
Mr. Jenner. When entering and leaving the garage during the
course of your preparing dinner, to your recollection, was there any
light on at that time?
Mrs. Paine. No.
Mr. Jenner. You didn't turn the light on at anytime up to this
moment of which you speak?
Mrs. Paine. No.
Senator Cooper. Had you been in the garage that evening before
the time that you found the light on?
Mrs. Paine. If I had only in this course of habit which also
included if it was dark, flipping the switch on and flipping it off.
 Senator Cooper. You don't remember if you did that or not
before.
Mrs. Paine. Specifically, no.
Mr. McCloy. She said she might have been.
Mr. Jenner. Is that a hand switch?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. You must trip it. Where is the switch located, in the
kitchen or in the garage?
Mrs. Paine. The switch is in the garage.
Mr. Jenner. Mr. Chairman, the witness has before her Commission
Exhibit 435, which is a picture of her home, looking through the door
leading to the garage from the kitchen. Is the light switch shown in
that picture?
Mrs. Paine. No; it is not.
Mr. Jenner. And why is it not shown?
Mrs. Paine. The light switch that turns on the light in the garage
is on the interior of the garage approximately through the wall from
the switch you see in the picture, which lights the kitchen, or the
dining area overhead light.
Mr. Jenner. And the switch that is shown in the picture, is it to the
right of the doorjamb?
Mrs. Paine. That is right.
Mr. Jenner. And rather high?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. Placed high, and on the picture it is shown as having,
oh, is that a white plastic plate?
Mrs. Paine. It is exactly.
 Mr. Jenner. And the switch that lights the garage light is directly
opposite on the other side of the wall inside the garage?
Mrs. Paine. That is my recollection; yes.
Mr. Jenner. Now directing your attention to Commission Exhibit
429, that is a picture, is it not, of the garage interior of your home
taken from the outlet door of the garage and looking back toward
the kitchen?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. Is that correct? And does that show the doorway from
the garage into your kitchen?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. In other words, the opposite side of the wall, which is
shown in Commission Exhibit 435?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. And are you able to locate the light switch on
Commission Exhibit 429 which is the garage interior exhibit? That is,
can you see the switch?
Mrs. Paine. No; I am not certain I can. This is something else.
Mr. Jenner. I point out to you the configuration which is halfway
down the garage doorjamb outline.
Mrs. Paine. Right next to the top surface of the deepfreeze.
Mr. Jenner. Yes. Is that the light switch?
Mrs. Paine. I thought it was higher.
Senator Cooper. You know there is a light switch there, don't
you?
Mr. McCloy. There is a light switch there.
Mrs. Paine. I know I don't pull the string which is there clearly in
the picture.
 Mr. Jenner. You step down into the garage do you, or is it at the
kitchen floor level?
Mrs. Paine. Are you still asking?
Mr. Jenner. Yes.
Mrs. Paine. No; you don't step down, perhaps 3 inches all
together.
Mr. Jenner. The floor of the garage and the floor of the kitchen
are at a level?
Mrs. Paine. Approximately at a level.
Mr. Jenner. Why did you enter the garage on that occasion?
Mrs. Paine. I was about to lacquer some children's large blocks,
playing blocks.
Mr. Jenner. These are blocks that you had cut at some other
time?
Mrs. Paine. I had cut them on the saw in the garage; yes;
previously.
Mr. Jenner. Proceed.
Representative Ford. Mr. Jenner, may I ask a question there?
Mr. Jenner. Yes.
Representative Ford. Some people have a habit of turning lights
on and off again regularly. Others are a little careless about it. Would
you describe your attitude in this regard?
Mrs. Paine. I am definitely a person with the habit of turning
them off.
Representative Ford. This is a trait that you have?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Representative Ford. Now, if you were to go out from the kitchen
to the garage, is it easy for you as you go out the door to turn the
light on?
Mrs. Paine. And off; yes.
Representative Ford. It is very simple for you to do so?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Representative Ford. Both going out and coming in?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Representative Ford. And as you go out on your right or left?
Mrs. Paine. It is on my left as I go out of the garage.
Representative Ford. And as you come in from the garage to the
kitchen it is on your right.
Mrs. Paine. As you come into the garage from the kitchen——
Mr. McCloy. When you are going out to the garage, on which
side is it?
Mrs. Paine. It is on my right.
Mr. McCloy. On your right. Coming out from the garage to the
kitchen it is on your left?
Mrs. Paine. That is what he said.
Mr. McCloy. You said it just the opposite, I think.
Representative Ford. I thought I asked the question and she
responded in the reverse.
Mr. McCloy. Maybe.
Representative Ford. And it surprised me a little bit. The record
may show two different responses there.
Mr. Jenner. Could we recover that now?
Mrs. Paine. The switch is on the west doorjamb of that door
between the two rooms.
 Mr. Jenner. Perhaps that may help, Mrs. Paine. When you are in
the kitchen about to enter the garage, the doorway from the kitchen
to the garage, and you are going to enter from the kitchen into the
garage, where is the switch with respect to whether it is on your
right side or your left side?
Mrs. Paine. Just coming into the garage it is on my right side.
Mr. Jenner. That is leaving your kitchen entering the garage it is
on your right side. Now when you are in the garage and you are
about to enter the kitchen, the switch then is on your left? Is that
correct?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Representative Ford. That clarifies it. May I now ask in your
observations of either Marina or Lee, were they the type that were
conscious of turning light switches on or off? Was this an automatic
reaction? Were they careless about it? What was their trait if you
have any observation?
Mrs. Paine. I don't recall any other time that the garage light had
been left on, and I would say certainly I saw enough of Marina to be
able to state what I thought would be a trait, and she would
normally turn off a light when she was done, in the room.
Representative Ford. She had the normal reaction of turning a
light off if she left a room?
Mrs. Paine. Her own room. Now you see most of the rooms—if
she was the last one in the room she would turn it off; yes; going to
bed or something like that she certainly would turn it off.
Mr. Jenner. Of course if she was going to bed she would turn the
light off. But when she was leaving the room, was it her tendency to
turn off the light?
Mrs. Paine. Well, the garage light is the only room in my house
you leave not to come back to right away. The whole house is active
all the time until bedtime. It is hard to answer.
 Mr. Jenner. So the lights are on?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Representative Ford. Would you make any observation about
Lee's tendencies or traits in this regard?
Mrs. Paine. I can't say I have observation as to his tendencies.
Mr. Jenner. It was your habit, however, as far as you are
concerned with respect to the light in the garage to turn it off when
you left the garage?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. What were your habits with respect to closing the
main garage door, that is the door opening onto the street?
Mrs. Paine. That was always closed except to open just to take
out the trash can.
Mr. Jenner. And though it is shown in one of the photographs as
open.
Mrs. Paine. That was done for the purpose of the photograph by
the FBI.
Mr. Jenner. So that normally your garage door is down?
Mrs. Paine. That is right.
Mr. Jenner. Was it down when you arrived?
Mrs. Paine. Yes; it was.
Mr. Jenner. At your home when you were surprised to see Lee
Oswald?
Mrs. Paine. Yes; it certainly was.
Mr. Jenner. Do you have recollection whether anytime that
evening of hearing the garage door being raised or seeing the
garage door up?
Mrs. Paine. I have no such recollection.
 Mr. Jenner. Do you have a recollection that it was down at all
times?
Mrs. Paine. I wasn't in the garage.
Mr. Jenner. Well, you entered the garage did you not that
evening?
Mrs. Paine. Except then; yes, at 9 or so. It was certainly down.
Mr. Jenner. It was down then?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. You say your home is small and you can hear even
the front door opening. Does the raising of the garage door cause
some clatter?
Mrs. Paine. Yes; it does.
Mr. Jenner. And had the garage door been raised, even though
you were giving attention to your children, would you have heard it?
Mrs. Paine. If it was raised slow and carefully; no, I would not
have heard it.
Mr. Jenner. But if it were raised normally?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. You would have heard it. And it is your recollection
that at no time that evening were you conscious of that garage door
having been raised.
Mrs. Paine. That is correct.
Mr. Jenner. You had reached the point at which you said you
entered the garage to, did you say, lacquer some blocks which you
had prepared?
Mrs. Paine. That is right.
Mr. Jenner. What did you notice in the garage when you entered
it to lacquer those blocks?
 Mrs. Paine. The garage was as I always found it, and I went and
got the lacquer from the workbench on the west side of the garage
and painted the blocks on top of the deepfreeze. My motions were in
the interior portion.
Mr. Jenner. That is in the area of the garage near the kitchen
entrance?
Mrs. Paine. Right.
Mr. Jenner. How long were you in the garage on that occasion?
Mrs. Paine. About a half an hour.
Mr. Jenner. Did you leave the garage light on while you worked in
the garage?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. You are definitely conscious, however, of the fact that
when you entered the garage the light was on?
Mrs. Paine. I am certain of that. I thought it quite sloppy to have
left it on.
Mr. Jenner. Did you make any inquiry of Marina or of Lee Oswald
as to the light having been left on?
Mrs. Paine. No.
Mr. Jenner. No comment at all?
Mrs. Paine. It is my recollection that by the time I was ready to
go to the garage to work, say 9 o'clock, Lee had already retired.
Mr. Jenner. Now we would like to know, tell us how you were
definitely conscious that he had retired by that time?
Mrs. Paine. He was in the bedroom. Traffic between the bedroom
where he was and the bathroom crosses in front of the doorway, the
front of the room where I was.
Senator Cooper. Did you see him in the bedroom?
Mrs. Paine. In the bedroom?
 Senator Cooper. Yes.
Mrs. Paine. No; but I'd be——
Senator Cooper. What?
Mrs. Paine. No; but I'd be fairly certain I saw him go to it.
Senator Cooper. You saw him go to it?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. You saw him passing back and forth from the
bedroom to the bathroom and he had his ablutions and then
returned to the bedroom to retire, is that correct?
Mrs. Paine. That is my best recollection.
Mr. Jenner. That is your definite consciousness?
Mrs. Paine. All of this was so common that I made no specific
note of it.
Senator Cooper. I think you have got to tell what you remember
that night. If you can't remember it, you can't remember it.
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. But you do remember him passing back and forth
from the bedroom that he and Marina normally occupied when he
was there, and she occupied when she was there, to the bathroom,
and then back to the bedroom. You do have that recollection?
Mrs. Paine. I recall specifically the feeling that he was in the
room, and this grounded no doubt in his having been back and forth
as you have described.
Mr. Jenner. You remained in the garage about a half hour
lacquering your children's blocks.
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. You left the garage then, did you?
Mrs. Paine. Yes; I did.
 Mr. Jenner. And where did you go when you left the garage?
Mrs. Paine. To the kitchen or living room.
Mr. Jenner. Did you see anybody when you entered the kitchen or
living room?
Mrs. Paine. Yes; Marina was still up.
Mr. Jenner. Did you see Lee Oswald?
Mrs. Paine. No.
Mr. Jenner. Did you see Lee Oswald anytime from that moment
forward until you retired for the evening?
Mrs. Paine. I saw Lee Oswald at no time from that moment
forward.
Mr. Jenner. The answer to my question is no?
Mrs. Paine. No.
Mr. Jenner. Did you speak with him or he with you at anytime
from that moment forward until you retired?
Mrs. Paine. No.
Mr. Jenner. Were you conscious that he spoke to Marina at
anytime from that moment forward until you retired that evening?
Mrs. Paine. I was not conscious that he spoke to Marina; no.
Mr. Jenner. Or she with him?
Mrs. Paine. Or she with him.
Mr. Jenner. What time that evening did you retire?
Mrs. Paine. I would guess around 11 or 11:30.
Mr. Jenner. Did Marina remain up and retire at anytime or had
she retired earlier?
Mrs. Paine. It seems to me we remained up and retired at about
the same time, having folded laundry on the sofa before we retired,
and talked.
Mr. Jenner. Were you looking at the television while you were
doing the folding?
Mrs. Paine. I don't recall. I don't think so.
Mr. Jenner. Now let us return to the garage for a moment. When
you were in the garage for the half hour, did you notice the blanket
wrapped package you testified about yesterday?
Mrs. Paine. I don't specifically recall seeing it; no.
Mr. Jenner. You first weren't conscious of it?
Mrs. Paine. That is correct.
Mr. Jenner. You didn't stumble over it.
Mrs. Paine. No.
Mr. Jenner. It wasn't drawn to your attention in any fashion. Is
that correct?
Mrs. Paine. That is correct.
Mr. Jenner. Now, as you and Marina sat that evening, folding the
ironing, what did you discuss?
Mrs. Paine. I don't recall specifically.
Mr. Jenner. Was there any discussion that might serve to refresh
your recollection, any discussion of the fact that Lee Oswald had
come home or come to Irving in the first place on a Thursday
afternoon, which is unusual, or that he had come home
unannounced and without invitation, which also as you have testified
was unusual? Wasn't there any discussion between you and Marina,
speculation at least on your part as to why he was home?
Mrs. Paine. Yes, there was discussion. I can't recall exactly what
time in the evening it took place but I recall the content of the
discussion.
Mr. Jenner. You tell us about it.
 Mrs. Paine. She suggested that he was making up the quarrel
that they had had because of her attempt to reach him by
telephone, and I agreed, concurred with that judgment of it.
Mr. Jenner. What was the attitude that evening?
Mrs. Paine. He was very warm and friendly.
Mr. Jenner. Was there anything unusual about his attitude and
conduct that evening?
Mrs. Paine. Nothing except he went to bed a little earlier than he
normally would have on a Sunday evening before work.
Mr. Jenner. Were you conscious of the fact that he was retiring a
little earlier than he normally would?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. And did you speculate in your mind as to why that
might be?
Mrs. Paine. No. I knew that he would go to bed as early as 10
o'clock say on the Sunday evening before going to work the next
day. This was just, still early.
Mr. Jenner. What was Marina's attitude toward him that evening?
Was she reserved because of this quarrel?
Mrs. Paine. No. I think she felt the best thing was to pass it by
and not discuss it.
Mr. Jenner. That was your impression of her?
Mrs. Paine. Yes.
Mr. Jenner. Of her conduct.
Senator Cooper. That is just your idea about it, isn't it?
Mrs. Paine. Well, and that I saw her do exactly, that too.
Mr. Jenner. Do exactly what?
Mrs. Paine. She didn't ask him why he had come.
 Mr. Jenner. Excuse me. You were present when Marina put a
question to——
Mrs. Paine. She did not ask him.
Mr. Jenner. Oh, she did not.
Mr. McCloy. She did not.
Mr. Jenner. Oh, I am sorry.
Mrs. Paine. Certainly not in my presence.
Mr. Jenner. Do you have any impression as to how long he had
been at your home prior to your driving down the street and first
seeing him?
Mrs. Paine. He usually arrived from his ride with Wesley Frazier
somewhere around a quarter of 5, so I guess it was a few minutes
to 10 minutes.
Mr. Jenner. You arrived at your home in the neighborhood of 5:25
or 5:30. So it is your impression that he had been at your home
from 10 to 15 minutes?
Mrs. Paine. No; I say from a few minutes to 10 minutes.
Mr. Jenner. A few minutes to 10 minutes. Did Marina say anything
that evening of his having a package with him when he came to
your home?
Mrs. Paine. No; she didn't.
Mr. Jenner. No discussion of that nature occurred?
Mrs. Paine. No.
Mr. Jenner. I am going to put a general question to you. Do you
have any recollection at all of Lee Oswald actually being in the
garage of your home that evening?
Mrs. Paine. I have said that I had the feeling from traffic that had
preceded it that he was in the bedroom when I saw he was no
longer in the rest of the house. When I saw the light was on, my
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