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CLEARLY VISUAL BASIC®
P R O G R A M M I N G W I T H M I C R O S O F T ® V I S U A L B A S I C ® 2 01 0
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 SECOND EDITION

CLEARLY VISUAL BASIC ®

PROGRAMMING WITH MICROSOFT ® VISUAL BASIC ® 2010

DIANE ZAK

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Clearly Visual Basic: ª 2012 Course Technology, Cengage Learning
Programming with Microsoft
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 v

Brief Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv
C H AP T E R 1 I Am Not a Control Freak! (Control Structures) . . . . . . . . . .1
C H AP T E R 2 First You Need to Plan the Party (Problem-Solving Process) . . . 11
C H AP T E R 3 I Need a Tour Guide (Introduction to Visual Basic 2010) . . . . . 27
C H AP T E R 4 Do It Yourself Designing (Designing Interfaces) . . . . . . . . . 49
C H AP T E R 5 The Secret Code (Assignment Statements) . . . . . . . . . . . 67
C H AP T E R 6 Where Can I Store This? (Variables and Constants) . . . . . . . 81
C H AP T E R 7 What’s Wrong with It? (Syntax and Logic Errors) . . . . . . . . .101
C H AP T E R 8 Decisions, Decisions, Decisions (Selection Structure) . . . . . .115
C H AP T E R 9 Time to Leave the Nest (Nested Selection Structures) . . . . . .139
C H AP T E R 1 0 So Many Paths . . . So Little Time (Multiple-Alternative
Selection Structures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159
C H AP T E R 1 1 Testing, Testing . . . 1, 2, 3 (Selecting Test Data) . . . . . . . .183
C H AP T E R 1 2 How Long Can This Go On? (Pretest Loops) . . . . . . . . . . .203
C H AP T E R 1 3 Do It, Then Ask Permission (Posttest Loops) . . . . . . . . . .231
C H AP T E R 1 4 Let Me Count the Ways (Counter-Controlled Loops) . . . . . . .241
C H AP T E R 1 5 I’m on the Inside; You’re on the Outside (Nested Loops) . . . . .261
C H AP T E R 1 6 I Hear You Are Breaking Up (Sub Procedures) . . . . . . . . . .279
C H AP T E R 1 7 Talk to Me (Function Procedures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303
C H AP T E R 1 8 A Ray of Sunshine (One-Dimensional Arrays) . . . . . . . . . .319
C H AP T E R 1 9 Parallel and Dynamic Universes (More on One-Dimensional
Arrays) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341
C H AP T E R 2 0 Table Tennis, Anyone? (Two-Dimensional Arrays) . . . . . . . .363
C H AP T E R 2 1 Building Your Own Structure (Structures) . . . . . . . . . . . .383
vi
CONTENTS

C H AP T E R 2 2 I’m Saving for the Future (Sequential Access Files) . . . . . . .399

C H AP T E R 2 3 The String Section (String Manipulation) . . . . . . . . . . . .417
C H AP T E R 2 4 I’m Suffering from Information Overload (Access Databases) . . .439
C H AP T E R 2 5 The Missing “LINQ” (Querying a Database) . . . . . . . . . . .461
C H AP T E R 2 6 I Love This Class (Creating a Class) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475
C H AP T E R 2 7 Getting “Web-ified” (Web Applications) . . . . . . . . . . . . .497
A PP E N D I X A Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .527
A PP E N D I X B Answers to Mini-Quizzes and TRY THIS Exercises . . . . . . . .529
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .569
 vii

Contents

Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xiv

C H AP T E R 1 I Am Not a Control Freak! (Control Structures) . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Control Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
The Sequence Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
The Selection Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .2
The Repetition Structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6

C H AP T E R 2 First You Need to Plan the Party (Problem-Solving Process) . . . . 11

How Do Programmers Solve Problems? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Step 1 Analyze the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Step 2 Plan the Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Step 3 Desk Check the Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

C H AP T E R 3 I Need a Tour Guide (Introduction to Visual Basic 2010) . . . . . . 27

Ok, the Algorithm Is Correct. What’s Next? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Creating a Visual Basic Windows Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
So Many Windows! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Creating the User Interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Save, Save, Save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Whose Property Is It? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Using the Format Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
Lock Them Down . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Ok, Let’s See the Interface in Action! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Closing the Current Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Opening an Existing Solution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Exiting Visual Studio 2010 or Visual Basic 2010 Express . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
viii
CONTENTS

C H AP T E R 4 Do It Yourself Designing (Designing Interfaces) . . . . . . . . . 49

Delegating the Work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Making the Interface More User Friendly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Do What I Tell You to Do . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
The Me.Close() Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

C H AP T E R 5 The Secret Code (Assignment Statements) . . . . . . . . . . . 67

The Fun Starts Here . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
The Val Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Who’s in Charge of This Operation? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Your Assignment, if You Choose to Accept It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

C H AP T E R 6 Where Can I Store This? (Variables and Constants) . . . . . . . . 81

Using Storage Bins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
So, What’s Your Type? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
Let’s Play the Name Game . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
You’ll Need a Reservation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
How Many Variables Should I Use? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
The TryParse Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Check, Please…I’m Ready to Go . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88
Using Constants to Keep Things…Well, the Same . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89
Dressing Up the Output . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

C H AP T E R 7 What’s Wrong with It? (Syntax and Logic Errors) . . . . . . . . .101

There’s a Bug in My Soup! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Finding Syntax Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102
Locating Logic Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
I’ve Reached My Breaking Point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113

C H AP T E R 8 Decisions, Decisions, Decisions (Selection Structure) . . . . . .115

Someone Might Need to Make a Decision . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116
Going Beyond Rob’s Problems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120
The If…Then…Else Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
 ix

Examining Another Problem Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124

Hey, That’s Not the Way I Would Have Done It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 129
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

C H AP T E R 9 Time to Leave the Nest (Nested Selection Structures) . . . . . .139

Nested Selection Structures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140
Putting Rob’s Problems Aside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143
Let’s Go to the Swap Meet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147
That’s Way Too Logical for Me . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149
Summary of Operators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155

C H AP T E R 1 0 So Many Paths . . . So Little Time (Multiple-Alternative

Selection Structures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .159
Which Way Should I Go? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
Coding the Fitness For Good Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
Don’t Be So Sensitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 164
What’s the Next Case on the Docket? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167
Using Select Case in the Fitness For Good Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
Specifying a Range of Values in a Case Clause’s ExpressionList . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170
Coding the ABC Corporation Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
Using Radio Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172
Coding the Gentry Supplies Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177

C H AP T E R 1 1 Testing, Testing . . . 1, 2, 3 (Selecting Test Data) . . . . . . . .183

Will Your Application Pass the Test? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
The Only Cookies Version 1 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184
The Only Cookies Version 2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187
Stop! This Is a Restricted Area! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
The Shady Hollow Hotel Version 1 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191
The Shady Hollow Hotel Version 2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193
I Need to Tell You Something . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
Just When You Thought It Was Safe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

C H AP T E R 1 2 How Long Can This Go On? (Pretest Loops) . . . . . . . . . . .203

Over and Over Again . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204
x
CONTENTS

The Do…Loop Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208

Counter Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209
My Dream Car Version 1 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210
My Dream Car Version 2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 214
The Sales Express Application Counter and Accumulator Variables . . . . . . . . . . . . 216
The InputBox Function . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 218
Can I Abbreviate That Assignment Statement? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228

C H AP T E R 1 3 Do It, Then Ask Permission (Posttest Loops) . . . . . . . . . . .231

Testing After the Fact . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232
More on the Do…Loop Statement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233
Pseudocode and Flowchart Containing a Posttest Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234
The Bouncing Robot Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Key Term . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

C H AP T E R 1 4 Let Me Count the Ways (Counter-Controlled Loops) . . . . . . . .241

When Will It Stop? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242
Spaceship Version 1 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244
Spaceship Version 2 Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 246
Hey, Turn That Noise Down! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
The Monthly Payment Calculator Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247
The Financial.Pmt Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249
But They Said There Were No Strings Attached . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257

C H AP T E R 1 5 I’m on the Inside; You’re on the Outside (Nested Loops) . . . . . .261

One Loop Within Another Loop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262
Clock Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263
Revisiting the Monthly Payment Calculator Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
But I Want to Do It a Different Way . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 272
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274

C H AP T E R 1 6 I Hear You Are Breaking Up (Sub Procedures) . . . . . . . . . .279

What’s the Proper Procedure? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 280
The Weekly Pay Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282
Send Me Something . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284
Just Give Me Its Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
Where Do You Live? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288
 xi

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 295
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 297

C H AP T E R 1 7 Talk to Me (Function Procedures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .303

What’s the Answer? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304
Price Calculator Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
Revisiting the Total Due Calculator Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308
Which Way Is Better? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 312
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315

C H AP T E R 1 8 A Ray of Sunshine (One-Dimensional Arrays) . . . . . . . . . . .319

Let’s Join the Group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320
My Friends Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 322
Salary Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
States Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336

C H AP T E R 1 9 Parallel and Dynamic Universes (More on One-Dimensional

Arrays) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .341
We Share the Same Subscripts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342
Will You Share That with Me? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 346
But I Don’t Know How Many There Are . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 356
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357

C H AP T E R 2 0 Table Tennis, Anyone? (Two-Dimensional Arrays) . . . . . . . . .363

Let’s Table That Idea for Now . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364
Revisiting the Employee Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367
The GetLowerBound and GetUpperBound Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368
Calendar Orders Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 372
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 375
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 377

C H AP T E R 2 1 Building Your Own Structure (Structures) . . . . . . . . . . . .383

Putting the Pieces Together . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384
Willow Pools Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 386
Revisiting the Employee Application…Again! . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 389
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 394
xii
CONTENTS

Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395

Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 395
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 396

C H AP T E R 2 2 I’m Saving for the Future (Sequential Access Files) . . . . . . . .399

Sequential Access Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
Write Those Lines of Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 400
Now Read Those Lines of Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 405
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 411
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 412
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 413

C H AP T E R 2 3 The String Section (String Manipulation) . . . . . . . . . . . . .417

Working with Strings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
How Many Characters Are There? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
Get Rid of Those Spaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
The Product ID Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 419
Let’s Make a Substitution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 420
I Need to Fit This in Somewhere . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 421
The Phone Numbers Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 422
Where Does It Begin? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 425
I Just Want a Part of It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 426
The Rearrange Name Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427
Throw Away Those Characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429
The Last Name Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 430
I Like This Operator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 432
Modifying the Product Id Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 434
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 435
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 436
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 437

C H AP T E R 2 4 I’m Suffering from Information Overload (Access Databases) . . .439

Keeping Good Records . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 440
Connecting…Connecting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 441
Let the Computer Do It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 444
The Copy to Output Directory Property . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 448
How Does Visual Basic Do It? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
Thank You for Catching My Errors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 450
I’ll Use My Own Controls, Thank You . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 452
Coding the Next Record and Previous Record Buttons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 454
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 456
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 458

C H AP T E R 2 5 The Missing “LINQ” (Querying a Database) . . . . . . . . . . . .461

Asking Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 462
Revisiting the Raye Industries Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 463
 xiii

One for All . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 466

Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 469
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 471

C H AP T E R 2 6 I Love This Class (Creating a Class) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .475

That’s a Real Classy Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 476
Revisiting the Willow Pools Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
Who Owns That Property? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 479
Behave Yourself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
Constructive Behavior Is the Key to Success . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483
Methods Other than Constructors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 484
Using the Pattern to Create an Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 486
Pool Supplies Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 489
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 491
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 492
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 493

C H AP T E R 2 7 Getting “Web-ified” (Web Applications) . . . . . . . . . . . . .497

Web Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 498
Creating a Web Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 500
Adding the Default.aspx Web Page to the Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 502
Customizing a Web Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 503
Adding Static Text to a Web Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 504
Viewing a Web Page in Full Screen View . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
Adding Another Web Page to the Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 506
Adding a Link Button Control to a Web Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 507
Starting a Web Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 508
Adding an Image to a Web Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 510
Closing and Opening an Existing Web Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512
Repositioning a Control on a Web Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512
Dynamic Web Pages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514
Coding the Submit Button’s Click Event Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 517
Validating User Input . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 519
Summary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 521
Key Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 522
Review Questions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523
Exercises . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 523

A PP E N D I X A Data Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .527

A PP E N D I X B Answers to Mini-Quizzes and TRY THIS Exercises . . . . . . . . .529
Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .569
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78.
Our souls shall magnify the Lord;
In God the Saviour we rejoice:
While we repeat the Virgin’s song,
May the same spirit tune our voice.

To those who fear and trust the Lord,

His mercy stands for ever sure:
From age to age the promise lives,
And the performance is secure.

But now no more shall Israel wait,

No more the Gentiles lie forlorn:
Lo! the Desire of Nations comes;
Behold, the promised seed is born!

42
79.
Great God! what do I see and hear?
The end of things created!
The Judge of mankind doth appear,
On clouds of glory seated.
The trumpet sounds; the graves restore
The dead which they contained before;
Prepare, my soul, to meet him.

The dead in Christ shall first arise,

At the last trumpet’s sounding,
Caught up to meet Him in the skies,
With joy their Lord surrounding!
No gloomy fears their souls dismay;
His presence sheds eternal day
On those prepared to meet Him.

Great God! what do I see and hear?

The end of things created!
The Judge of mankind doth appear,
On clouds of glory seated.
Beneath His cross I view the day
When heaven and earth shall melt away,
And thus prepare to meet Him.
80.
O for a glance of heavenly love,
Our hearts and songs to raise;
Sweetly to bear our souls above,
And mingle with their lays.

With joy the chorus we’ll repeat,—

“Glory to God on high!
Good-will and peace are now complete,—
Jesus was born to die.”

Hail, Prince of Peace, for ever hail!

Redeemer, Brother, Friend;
Though earth and time, and life, should fail,
Thy praise shall never end.

43
81.
How shall I meet my Saviour?
How shall I welcome Thee?
What manner of behaviour
Is now required of me?
Let thine illumination
Guide heart and hand aright,
That this my preparation
Be pleasing in thy sight.

While with her sweetest flowers

Thy Zion strews the way,
I’ll raise with all my powers
To Thee a grateful lay:
To Thee, the King of Glory,
I’ll raise a song divine;
And make thy love’s bright story
In graceful numbers shine.

I lay in fetters groaning,

Thou cam’st to set me free;
My shame I was bemoaning,
With grace thou clothedst me;
Thou raisedst me to glory,
Endowed me with thy bliss,
Which is not transitory,
As worldly pleasure is.

This caused thy incarnation,

This brought thee down to me:
Thy thirst for my salvation
 Contrived my liberty!
May I still enjoy this feeling,
In all need to Jesus go!
Prove his wounds each day more healing,
And himself more fully know.

44
82.
Before Jehovah’s awful throne,
Ye nations, bow with sacred joy;
Know that the Lord is God alone:
He can create and He destroy.

His sovereign power, without our aid,

Made us of clay, and formed us men;
And when like wand’ring sheep we strayed,
He brought us to his fold again.

We’ll crowd thy gates with thankful songs,

High as the heavens our voices raise;
And earth, with her ten thousand tongues,
Shall fill thy courts with sounding praise.

Wide as the world is thy command,

Vast as eternity thy love;
Firm as a rock thy truth must stand,
When rolling years shall cease to move.
83.
If Jesus Christ was sent
To save us from our sin,
And kindly teach us to repent,
We should at once begin.

’Tis not enough to say,

We’re sorry, and repent,
Yet still go on from day to day,
Just as we always went.

Repentance is to leave
The sins we loved before;
And show that we in earnest grieve,
By doing so no more.

Lord, make us thus sincere,

To watch as well as pray;
However small, however dear,
Take all our sins away.

45
84.
O come, let us sing to the God of salvation!
To Jesus our King who hath brought consolation,
Who in His own body hath opened a fountain
To cleanse our transgressions, tho’ high as a mountain!

Hallelujah to the Lamb who hath bought us a pardon;

We’ll praise Him again when we’ve passed over Jordan!

Though we are deprav’d, though with sin we are burdened,

Our souls may be saved, and our sins may be pardoned;
For Jesus, our Saviour, hath promised to bless us,
And free us for ever from those that oppress us.
Hallelujah, &c.

The hour may be nigh when our bosoms, faint heaving,

Shall breathe their last sigh in the peace of believing;
And Thou from our pillow all darkness dispelling,
Wilt calm the rude billow of Jordan’s proud swelling.
Hallelujah, &c.
85.
How kind is the Saviour, how great is his love!
To bless little children, he came from above;
He left holy angels, and their bright abode,
To dwell here with children, and teach them the road.

He wept in the garden, and died on the tree,

To open a fountain for sinners like me:
His blood is that fountain which pardon bestows,
And cleanses the foulest wherever it flows.

He went back to glory; but left us His Word,

Which oft from our teachers and pastors we’ve heard;
He sends forth His Spirit our hearts to inflame,
With joy to His service, and love to His name.

O help us, blest Jesus, more sweetly to praise,

And walk in Thy footsteps the rest of our days;
Then raise us, dear Saviour, to taste of Thy love,
And praise Thee for ever with angels above!

46
86.
I sing the almighty power of God,
That made the mountains rise;
That spread the flowing seas abroad,
And built the lofty skies.

I sing the wisdom that ordained

The sun to rule the day;
The moon shines full at his command,
And all the stars obey.

I sing the goodness of the Lord,

That filled the earth with food;
He formed the creatures with His Word,
And then pronounced them good.

Lord! how thy wonders are displayed

Where’er I turn mine eye!
If I survey the ground I tread,
Or gaze upon the sky.

There’s not a plant or flower below

But makes thy glories known;
And clouds arise, and tempests blow,
By order from Thy throne.

Creatures, as numerous as they be,

Are subject to Thy care;
There’s not a place where we can flee
But God is present there.

In heaven He shines with beams of love,

 With wrath in hell beneath;
’Tis on His earth I stand or move,
And ’tis His air I breathe.

His hand is my perpetual guard;

He keeps me with His eye:
Why should I then forget the Lord,
Who is for ever nigh?

47
87.
Hail, Bethlehem! favour’d city, hail!
And hail thou star, with lustre mild,
Whose light, unerring, points the way
Of sages, to the holy Child!

Yes, ye were wise—and heaven-taught knew

The language of that mystic ray,
Which led you far from Persia’s plains,
From twilight dim, to noontide day.

True to the light that star arose

On you, though far from Salem’s towers;
That star to Bethlehem leads you where
The righteous Sun his radiance pours.

And thus may we our way pursue,

Improve our rising dawn of grace,
Which, followed, will to Jesus lead,
Jesus, our “Sun of Righteousness.”
88.
Once thou didst on earth appear
For all mankind to atone;
Now be manifested here,
And bid our sins begone.

Come, and by thy presence chase

Its nature with its guilt and power;
Jesus, shew thy open face,
And sin shall be no more.

Thou, who didst so greatly stoop

To a poor virgin’s womb,
Here thy mean abode take up,
To me, my Saviour, come.

Come, and Satan’s works destroy,

And let me all thy Godhead prove;
Fill’d with peace and heavenly joy,
And pure, eternal love!

48
 W. WALKER AND SONS,
OF THE
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OTLEY, YORKSHIRE,
ARE PUBLISHERS OF A VERY INTERESTING SERIES OF
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For Sabbath and other Schools;
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For Festivals and Anniversaries; and
GEMS OF SACRED MELODY,
In Penny Sheets of Excellent Music.

Catalogues sent to any Address on receipt of a Penny Stamp.

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