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Fedw Unit-1 CSS

This document discusses front end web technologies, specifically CSS (Cascading Style Sheets). It provides an overview of CSS syntax and common CSS properties for styling elements like color, fonts, text alignment and decoration. Key points covered include using CSS to describe presentation separate from HTML content, common CSS selectors, and attaching external and internal style sheets to HTML pages.

Uploaded by

Dimple Gulla
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© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
9 views

Fedw Unit-1 CSS

This document discusses front end web technologies, specifically CSS (Cascading Style Sheets). It provides an overview of CSS syntax and common CSS properties for styling elements like color, fonts, text alignment and decoration. Key points covered include using CSS to describe presentation separate from HTML content, common CSS selectors, and attaching external and internal style sheets to HTML pages.

Uploaded by

Dimple Gulla
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 34

Front End Web Technologies

Prepared By
C Vikas
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)

Unit - 1
Objectives
• This Course will help the student to comprehend and apply the concepts of
HTML,CSS and Bootstrap

• The student would be able to gain knowledge and implement the component-
based architecture

• The Student will be able to demonstrate the application


Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
• Describes the appearance, layout, and presentation of information on a web page
– HTML describes the content of the page
• Describes how information is to be displayed, not what is being displayed
• Can be embedded in HTML document or placed into separate .css file

5
Basic CSS syntax
selector {
property: value;
property: value;
...
property: value;
} CSS

p {
font-family: sans-serif;
color: red;
} CSS

• A CSS file consists of one or more rules


• Each rule starts with a selector
• A selector specifies an HTML element(s) and then applies style properties to them
– a selector of * selects all elements

6
Attaching a CSS file <link>
<head>
...
<link href="filename" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" />
...
</head> HTML

<link href="style.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" />


<link href="http://www.google.com/uds/css/gsearch.css"
rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
HTML

• A page can link to multiple style sheet files


– In case of a conflict (two sheets define a style for the same HTML
element), the latter sheet's properties will be used

7
Embedding style sheets: <style>
<head>
<style type="text/css">
p { font-family: sans-serif; color: red; }
h2 { background-color: yellow; }
</style>
</head>
HTML

• CSS code can be embedded within the head of an HTML


page
• Bad style and should be avoided when possible (why?)

8
Inline styles: the style attribute
<p style="font-family: sans-serif; color: red;">
This is a paragraph</p>

HTML

This is a paragraph
output

• Higher precedence than embedded or linked styles


• Used for one-time overrides and styling a particular element
• Bad style and should be avoided when possible (why?)

9
CSS properties for colors
p {
color: red;
background-color: yellow;
}
CSS

This paragraph uses the style above output

property description
color color of the element's text
color that will appear behind the
background-color
element

10
Specifying colors
p { color: red; }
h2 { color: rgb(128, 0, 196); }
h4 { color: #FF8800; }
CSS

This paragraph uses the first style above

This h2 uses the second style above.

This h4 uses the third style above.


output

• color names: aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon,
navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white (white), yellow
• RGB codes: red, green, and blue values from 0 (none) to 255 (full)
• hex codes: RGB values in base-16 from 00 (0, none) to FF (255, full) 11
Grouping styles
p, h1, h2 {
color: green;
}
h2 {
background-color: yellow;
} CSS

This paragraph uses the above style.


This h2 uses the above styles.
output

• A style can select multiple elements separated by commas


• The individual elements can also have their own styles

12
CSS comments /*…*/
/* This is a comment.
It can span many lines in the CSS file. */
p {
color: red; background-color: aqua;
} CSS

• CSS (like HTML) is usually not commented as rigorously as


programming languages such as Java
• The // single-line comment style is NOT supported in CSS
• The <!-- ... --> HTML comment style is also NOT supported in CSS

13
CSS properties for fonts
property description
font-family which font will be used
font-size how large the letters will be drawn
font-style used to enable/disable italic style
font-weight used to enable/disable bold style

Complete list of font properties (http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_reference.asp#font)

14
font-family
p {
font-family: Georgia;
}
h2 {
font-family: "Courier New";
} CSS

This paragraph uses the first style above.

This h2 uses the second style above.


output

• Enclose multi-word font names in quotes

15
More about font-family
p {
font-family: Garamond, "Times New Roman", serif;
} CSS

This paragraph uses the above style.


output
• We can specify multiple fonts from highest to lowest priority
• Generic font names:
– serif, sans-serif, cursive, fantasy, monospace
• If the first font is not found on the user's computer, the next is tried
• Placing a generic font name at the end of your font-family value, ensures that every computer will use a
valid font

16
font-size
p {
font-size: 24pt;
} CSS

This paragraph uses the style above.


output
• units: pixels (px) vs. point (pt) vs. m-size (em)
16px, 16pt, 1.16em
• vague font sizes: xx-small , x-small , small , medium, large, x-large, xx-large, smaller, larger
• percentage font sizes, e.g.: 90%, 120%

17
font-size
p {
font-size: 24pt;
} CSS

This paragraph uses the style above.


output

• pt specifies number of point, where a point is 1/72 of an inch onscreen


• px specifies a number of pixels on the screen
• em specifies number of m-widths, where 1 em is equal to the font's
current size

18
font-weight, font-style
p {
font-weight: bold;
font-style: italic;
} CSS

This paragraph uses the style above.


output

• Either of the above can be set to normal to turn them off


(e.g. headings)

19
CSS properties for text
property description
text-align alignment of text within its element
text-decoration decorations such as underlining
line-height,
gaps between the various portions
word-spacing,
of the text
letter-spacing
indents the first letter of each
text-indent
paragraph

Complete list of text properties (http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_reference.asp#text)

20
text-align
blockquote { text-align: justify; }
h2 { text-align: center; }
CSS

The Gollum’s Quote

We wants it, we needs it. Must have the precious. They stole it from us.
Sneaky little hobbitses. Wicked, tricksy, false!
output

• text-align can be left, right, center, or


justify

21
text-decoration
p {
text-decoration: underline;
} CSS

This paragraph uses the style above.


output

• can also be overline, line-through, blink, or


none
• effects can be combined:
text-decoration: overline underline;

22
The list-style-type property
ol { list-style-type: lower-roman; }

CSS
• Possible values:
i. none : No marker
ii. disc (default), circle, square
iii. Decimal: 1, 2, 3, etc.
iv. decimal-leading-zero: 01, 02, 03, etc.
v. lower-roman: i, ii, iii, iv, v, etc.
vi. upper-roman: I, II, III, IV, V, etc.
vii. lower-alpha: a, b, c, d, e, etc.
viii. upper-alpha: A, B, C, D, E, etc.
x. lower-greek: alpha, beta, gamma, etc.
others: hebrew, armenian, georgian, cjk-ideographic, hiragana…

23
Body styles
body {
font-size: 16px;
}
CSS

• Applies a style to the entire body of your page


• Saves you from manually applying a style to each element

24
Cascading Style Sheets
• Properties of an element cascade together in this order:
– browser's default styles
– external style sheet files (in a <link> tag)
– internal style sheets (inside a <style> tag in the page's header)
– inline style (the style attribute of the HTML element)

25
Inheriting styles
body { font-family: sans-serif; background-color: yellow; }
p { color: red; background-color: aqua; }
a { text-decoration: underline; }
h2 { font-weight: bold; text-align: center; }

CSS

This is a heading
A styled paragraph. Previous slides are available on the website.

• A bulleted list
output
• when multiple styles apply to an element, they are inherited
• a more tightly matching rule can override a more general
inherited rule
26
Styles that conflict
p, h1, h2 { color: blue; font-style: italic; }
h2 { color: red; background-color: yellow; }

CSS

This paragraph uses the first style above.

This heading uses both styles above.


output

• when two styles set conflicting values for the same property,
the latter style takes precedence

27
CSS properties for backgrounds
property description
background-color color to fill background
background-image image to place in background
placement of bg image within
background-position
element
whether/how bg image should be
background-repeat
repeated
whether bg image scrolls with
background-attachment
page
shorthand to set all background
background
properties

28
background-image
body {
background-image: url("images/draft.jpg");
}
CSS

• background image/color fills the element's content area

29
background-repeat
body {
background-image: url("images/draft.jpg");
background-repeat: repeat-x;
}
CSS

• can be repeat (default), repeat-x, repeat-y, or no-repeat

30
background-position
body {
background-image: url("images/draft.jpg");
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: 370px 20px;
} CSS

• value consists of two tokens, each of which can be top, left,


right, bottom, center, a percentage, or a length value in px, pt,
etc.
• value can be negative to shift left/up by a given amount
31
Aside: Favorites icon ("favicon")
<link href="filename" type="MIME type" rel="shortcut icon" />
HTML

<link href="yahoo.gif" type="image/gif" rel="shortcut icon" />

HTML

• The link tag, placed in the HTML page's head section, can
specify an icon
– this icon will be placed in the browser title bar and
bookmark/favorite
32
References
• https://www.w3schools.com/css/default.asp

• https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/CSS

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