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css ppt

The document provides an overview of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), explaining its role in styling web pages by separating content from design elements. It covers the basic syntax of CSS rules, selectors, properties, and values, as well as methods for applying CSS, including inline styles, internal stylesheets, and external stylesheets. Additionally, it discusses various CSS properties related to colors, fonts, text alignment, and the cascading nature of styles.

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3 views

css ppt

The document provides an overview of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), explaining its role in styling web pages by separating content from design elements. It covers the basic syntax of CSS rules, selectors, properties, and values, as well as methods for applying CSS, including inline styles, internal stylesheets, and external stylesheets. Additionally, it discusses various CSS properties related to colors, fonts, text alignment, and the cascading nature of styles.

Uploaded by

bjob15544
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 47

1 CSS for Styling

CS380
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)
2

 Describes the appearance, layout, and presentation


of information on a web page
 HTML describes the content of the page
 Describes how information is to be displayed, not
what is being displayed
 Can be embedded in HTML document or placed
into separate .css file

CS380
CSS ...
3

 A simple mechanism for controlling the style of


a Web document without compromising its
structure.
 It allows you to separate visual design
elements (layout, fonts, colors, margins, and so
on) from the contents of a Web page.
 Allows for faster downloads, streamlined site
maintenance, and global control of design
attributes across multiple pages.

CS380
How to write CSS?
4

 Selector
 HTML element tags
(examples: p, h2, body, img, table)
 class and ID names

 Property (examples: color, font-size)


 Value (examples: red, 14pt)

CS380
How to write CSS?
5

 The basic syntax of a CSS rule:


selector {property 1: value 1; property 2:
value 2}

Example:
p {font-size: 8pt; color: red}

Notice the { } around the rule and the : before


each value!
CS380
Cascading Style Sheet
6

 Enter the following text into a new Notepad


document
h2 {
font-family : Tahoma;
color : blue;
text-align : center;
}
 Save the document in the commons folder as
csense.css
 Save as file type Text Document

CS380
CSS Selectors
7

 The element Selector


 Example:

p{
text-align: center;
color: red;
}

CS380
CSS Selectors
8

 The id Selector
 The id selector uses the id attribute of an HTML
element to select a specific element.
 The id of an element should be unique within a
page, so the id selector is used to select one unique
element!
 To select an element with a specific id, write a hash
(#) character, followed by the id of the element.

CS380
CSS Selectors
9

 Example:
 <!DOCTYPE html>
 <html><head><style>
 #para1 { text-align: center; color: red;}
 </style></head><body>
 <p id="para1">Hello World!</p>
 <p>This paragraph is not affected by the
style.</p>

 </body>
CSS Selectors
10

 The class Selector


 The class selector selects elements with a specific
class attribute.
 To select elements with a specific class, write a
period (.) character, followed by the name of the
class.

CS380
CSS Selectors
11

 Example:
 <style>
 .center { text-align: center; color: red; }
 </style>
 <body>
 <h1 class="center">Red and center-aligned
heading</h1>
 <p class="center">Red and center-aligned
paragraph.</p>
CS380
CSS Selectors
12

 Grouping Selectors:
h1 {
text-align: center;
color: red;
}
h2 {
text-align: center;
color: red;}
p {text-align: center;color: red;}

CS380
Modifying CSS styles
13

h2 {font-family : Tahoma;
color: blue;
text-align: center;
text-transform :
uppercase;
}
body {font-family : Courier
New;background-color :
#FFEEDD;color : #777733;
}
Basic CSS rule syntax
14

selector {
property: value;
property: value;
...
property: value;
} CSS
p {
font-family: sans-serif;
color: red;
} CSS

 A CSS file consists of one or more rules


 Each rule starts with a selector
 A selector specifies an HTML element(s) and then applies style
properties to them
 a selector of * selects all elements
Attaching a CSS file <link>
15

<head>
...
<link href="filename" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" />
...
</head> HTML

<link href="style.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" />


<link href="http://www.google.com/uds/css/gsearch.css"
rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
HTML

 A page can link to multiple style sheet files


 In case of a conflict (two sheets define a style for the same HTML
element), the latter sheet's properties will be used

CS380
Embedding style sheets: <style>
16

<head>
<style type="text/css">
p { font-family: sans-serif; color: red; }
h2 { background-color: yellow; }
</style>
</head>
HTML

 CSS code can be embedded within the head of an HTML page


 Bad style and should be avoided when possible (why?)

CS380
Inline styles: the style attribute
17

<p style="font-family: sans-serif; color: red;">


This is a paragraph</p>

HTML

This is a paragraph

output

 Higher precedence than embedded or linked styles


 Used for one-time overrides and styling a particular element
 Bad style and should be avoided when possible (why?)

CS380
CSS properties for colors
18

p {
color: red;
background-color: yellow;
}
CSS

This paragraph uses the style above output

property description
color color of the element's text
color that will appear behind the
background-color
element

CS380
Specifying colors
19

p { color: red; }
h2 { color: rgb(128, 0, 196); }
h4 { color: #FF8800; }
CSS

This paragraph uses the first style above

This h2 uses the second style above.

This h4 uses the third style above.


output

 color names: aqua, black, blue, fuchsia, gray, green, lime, maroon,
navy, olive, purple, red, silver, teal, white (white), yellow
 RGB codes: red, green, and blue values from 0 (none) to 255 (full)
 hex codes: RGB values in base-16 from 00 (0, none) to FF (255, full)
Grouping styles
20

p, h1, h2 {
color: green;
}
h2 {
background-color: yellow;
} CSS

This paragraph uses the above style.


This h2 uses the above styles.
output

 A style can select multiple elements separated by commas


 The individual elements can also have their own styles

CS380
CSS comments /*…*/
21

/* This is a comment.
It can span many lines in the CSS file. */
p {
color: red; background-color: aqua;
} CSS

 CSS (like HTML) is usually not commented as rigorously as


programming languages such as Java
 The // single-line comment style is NOT supported in CSS
 The <!-- ... --> HTML comment style is also NOT supported in
CSS

CS380
CSS properties for fonts
22

property description
font-family which font will be used
font-size how large the letters will be drawn
font-style used to enable/disable italic style
font-weight used to enable/disable bold style

Complete list of font properties (http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_reference.asp#font)

CS380
font-family
23

p {
font-family: Georgia;
}
h2 {
font-family: "Courier New";
} CSS

This paragraph uses the first style above.

This h2 uses the second style above.


output

 Enclose multi-word font names in quotes

CS380
More about font-family
24

p {
font-family: Garamond, "Times New Roman", serif;
} CSS

This paragraph uses the above style.


output
 We can specify multiple fonts from highest to lowest priority
 Generic font names:
 serif, sans-serif, cursive, fantasy, monospace

 If the first font is not found on the user's computer, the


next is tried
 Placing a generic font name at the end of your font-family
value, ensures that every computer will use a valid font
CS380
font-size
25

p {
font-size: 24pt;
} CSS

This paragraph uses the style above.


output
 units: pixels (px) vs. point (pt) vs. m-size (em)
16px, 16pt, 1.16em
 vague font sizes: ,
xx-small x-small , , medium, large, x-large, xx-
small

large, smaller, larger


 percentage font sizes, e.g.: 90%, 120%

CS380
font-size
26

p {
font-size: 24pt;
} CSS

This paragraph uses the style above.


output
 pt specifies number of point, where a point is 1/72 of an inch
onscreen
 px specifies a number of pixels on the screen
 em specifies number of m-widths, where 1 em is equal to the
font's current size

CS380
font-weight, font-style
27

p {
font-weight: bold;
font-style: italic;
} CSS

This paragraph uses the style above.


output

 Either of the above can be set to normal to turn them off (e.g.
headings)

CS380
CSS properties for text
28

property description
text-align alignment of text within its element
text-decoration decorations such as underlining
line-height,
gaps between the various portions of
word-spacing,
the text
letter-spacing
indents the first letter of each
text-indent
paragraph

Complete list of text properties (http://www.w3schools.com/css/css_reference.asp#text)

CS380
text-align
29

blockquote { text-align: justify; }


h2 { text-align: center; }
CSS

The Gollum’s Quote

We wants it, we needs it. Must have the precious. They stole it from us.
Sneaky little hobbitses. Wicked, tricksy, false!
output

 text-align can be left, right, center, or


justify

CS380
text-decoration
30

p {
text-decoration: underline;
} CSS

This paragraph uses the style above.


output

 can also be overline, line-through, blink, or


none
 effects can be combined:
text-decoration: overline underline;

CS380
The list-style-type property
31

ol { list-style-type: lower-roman; }
CSS

 Possible values:
i. none : No marker
ii. disc (default), circle, square
iii. Decimal: 1, 2, 3, etc.
iv. decimal-leading-zero: 01, 02, 03, etc.
v. lower-roman: i, ii, iii, iv, v, etc.
vi. upper-roman: I, II, III, IV, V, etc.
vii. lower-alpha: a, b, c, d, e, etc.
viii. upper-alpha: A, B, C, D, E, etc.
x. lower-greek: alpha, beta, gamma, etc.
CS380
others: hebrew, armenian, georgian, cjk-ideographic, hiragana…
Body styles
32

body {
font-size: 16px;
}
CSS

 Applies a style to the entire body of your page


 Saves you from manually applying a style to each element

CS380
Cascading Style Sheets
33

 Properties of an element cascade together in this


order:
 browser's default styles
 external style sheet files (in a <link> tag)

 internal style sheets (inside a <style> tag in the page's


header)
 inline style (the style attribute of the HTML element)

CS380
Cascading Style Sheets
34

 Internal Stylesheet: An internal stylesheet holds


the CSS code for the webpage in the head section of
the particular file. This makes it easy to apply styles
like classes or id's in order to reuse the code. The
downside of using an internal stylesheet is that
changes to the internal stylesheet only effect the page
the code is inserted into.

CS380
Cascading Style Sheets
35

 External Stylesheet: The External Stylesheet is a .css


file that you link your website to. This makes it so that
what ever you change in the .css sheet, will effect
every page in your website. This prevents you from
having to make many code changes in each page. This
is for "global" site changes.

CS380
Cascading Style Sheets
36

 Inline Styles: The Inline style is specific to the tag


itself. The inline style uses the HTML "style" attribute
to style a specific tag. This is not recommended, as
every CSS change has to be made in every tag that
has the inline style applied to it. The Inline style is
good for one an individual CSS change that you do
not use repeatedly through the site.

CS380
Cascading Style Sheets
37

Internal CSS Stylesheet Example:


<head> <br /> <style type="text/css">
h1 {color:blue;}
h2 {color:red;}
p {color:green;}
</style><br />
</head>

CS380
Cascading Style Sheets
38

 Inline CSS Example:

<p style="color: sienna; margin-left: 20px”>This is a


paragraph.
would show the paragraph as
“This is a paragraph.”
Cascading Style Sheets
39

 External CSS Example:


<head>
css” href=”mystyle.css” />
</head>

CS380
Inheriting styles
40

body { font-family: sans-serif; background-color: yellow;


}
p { color: red; background-color: aqua; }
a { text-decoration: underline; }
h2 { font-weight: bold; text-align: center; }
CSS

This is a heading
A styled paragraph. Previous slides are available on the website.

• A bulleted list output

 when multiple styles apply to an element, they are inherited


 a more tightly matching rule can override a more general
inherited rule
CS380
Styles that conflict
41

p, h1, h2 { color: blue; font-style: italic; }


h2 { color: red; background-color: yellow; }
CSS

This paragraph uses the first style above.


This heading uses both styles above.
output

 when two styles set conflicting values for the same property,
the latter style takes precedence

CS380
W3C CSS Validator
42

<p>
<a href="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-
validator/check/referer">
<img src="http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/images/vcss"
alt="Valid CSS!" /></a>
</p> CSS

output

 jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/
 checks your CSS to make sure it meets the official CSS
specifications
CS380
CSS properties for backgrounds
43

property description
background-color color to fill background
background-image image to place in background
background-position placement of bg image within element
whether/how bg image should be
background-repeat
repeated
background-attachment whether bg image scrolls with page
shorthand to set all background
background
properties

CS380
background-image
44

body {
background-image: url("images/draft.jpg");
}
CSS

 background image/color fills the element's content area

CS380
background-repeat
45

body {
background-image: url("images/draft.jpg");
background-repeat: repeat-x;
}
CSS

 can be repeat (default), repeat-x, repeat-y, or no-repeat

CS380
background-position
46

body {
background-image: url("images/draft.jpg");
background-repeat: no-repeat;
background-position: 370px 20px;
} CSS

 value consists of two tokens, each of which can be top, left,


right, bottom, center, a percentage, or a length value in px, pt,
etc.
 value can be negative to shift left/up by a given amount
CS380
Aside: Favorites icon ("favicon")
47

<link href="filename" type="MIME type" rel="shortcut icon"


/> HTML

<link href="yahoo.gif" type="image/gif" rel="shortcut


icon" />
HTML

 The link tag, placed in the HTML page's head section, can
specify an icon
 this icon will be placed in the browser title bar and bookmark/favorite
CS380

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