CSS PAST PAPERS (2001 to 2020)

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Self Study in Pakistan
 FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMISSION
COMPETATIVE XAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BPS-17
UNDER THE FEDRAL GOVERNAMENT, 2000

ENGLISH ESSAYS

TIME ALLOWED THREE HOURS MAXIMUM MARKS : 100

i. Make an OUTLINE and write a COMPREHENSIVE ESSAY (2500-3000 words) on
any ONE of the given topics. Make sure, you use different forms of discourse, e.g.
exposition, argumentation, description and narration.
NOTE: Credit will be given for organization, relevance and clarity.
ii. No Page/Space be left blank between the answer. All the blank pages of ANSWER
BOOK must be crossed.

1. Good governance and the role of the Public servant.

2. Sweet are the uses of adversary.
3. “Hero-worship is the strongest, where there is least regard for human freedom”.
4. Advancement in science and technology is the gateway to the economic prosperity of a country.
5. The barbarity of ethnic cleansing.
6. Education make a people easy to lead, but difficult to drive, easy to govern but impossible to enslave.
7. We never know the worth of water till the well is dry.
8. Progressive alleviation of poverty in Pakistan ban overview.
9. “If you wish the sympathy of broad manes, then you must tell them the crudest and most stupid things”.
10. Moral Standards in International Relations.
11. Personal liberty is the paramount essential to human dignity and human happiness.
12. The purification of Politics is an iridescent dream.

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ENGLISH ESSAYS (2001)

1. “Turn not thy cheek in scorn towards folk nor walk with pertness in the land”. (Al-Quran)
2. Economic prosperity of a nation is directly proportional to the level of literacy in it.
3. “Justice delayed is justice denied”.
4. National Integration.
5. “Experience is the name everyone give to their mistakes”.

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 6. It is not only fine feathers that make fine birds.
7. On tolerance.
8. Self-conceit may lead to self-destruction.
9. He who eats the fruit should at least plant the seed.
10. “The best place to find a helping hand is at the end of your arm”.
11. Public office is a public trust.
12. Devolution of Power in Pakistan

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ENGLISH ESSAYS (2002)

1. World scenario in 21st century and Pakistan’s role in it.

2. International Crisis in Terrorism.
3. “Every art is an imitation of nature”.
4. Higher Science Education in the developing countries.
5. Austerity as a solution of all our economic problems.
6. “Politics is perhaps the only profession for which no preparation is thought necessary”.
7. Higher Economic problems in Pakistan and how to meet them.
8. “A little philosophy inclincth man’s mind to atheism; but depth in philosophy bringeth man’s minds
about to religion”.
9. Art and Morality.
10. “Of all the needs a book has, the chief need is that it be readable”.
11. “Education has for its object the formation of character”.
12. Need for serious planning in technical education in Pakistan.

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ENGLISH ESSAYS (2003)

1. Formal and Casual dressing Codes.

2. Attitude is indifference.
3. “Only the wisest and stupidest of man never change”. (King Fu-Izu Confucius)
4. Dilemma of the water and energy crisis in Pakistan.
5. Art Critics and reviewers.
6. Young habits die-hard.
7. Existentialism.

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 ENGLISH ESSAYS (2004)

1. Humanism.
2. The end of cheap oil.
3. All recorded history is contemporaneous.
4. Pluralistic vision of Islam.
5. Longing for Love.
6. “A long dispute means that both parties are wrong”.
7. Modern Banking, finance and employment are part of one single paradigm.
8. Peer Pressure.

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ENGLISH ESSAYS (2005)

1. Strategies for the alleviation of Poverty.

2. Socio-economic challenges faced by Pakistan.
3. Estrangement from our own culture is driving us on the verge of collapse, not just our identity but also
morality.
4. Reforms in Examination system.
5. Persecuted poor woman.
6. The search for truth.
7. Islam versus the West.

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ENGLISH ESSAYS (2006)

1. Truth in Short Supply.

2. Liberalism.
3. Humor in Urdu Literature.
4. Foreign Direct investment in Pakistan.
5. Personalization of Pakistani Politics.
6. Global Warming.
7. Nuclear Weapons are not only a Great Peril, but a great Hope.
8. “Brain, like hearts, go where they are appreciated”.
9. “Lots of folks confuse bad management with destiny”.
10. “There comes a time to put aside principles and do what’s right”.
11. “We grow too old soon and too late smart”.
12. “Every solution breeds new problems”.

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 ENGLISH ESSAYS (2007)

1. The more developed a country, the more lethally it is armed.

2. Higher Education is an agent of change.
3. The future of mankind in a global warming perspective.
4. The image of Islam in the Western world and responsibilities of the Muslim Ummah.
5. A country is backward because its people are backward.
6. Globalization and Electronic Media.
7. The present system of education must assume some of responsibilities of our failure.
8. Politics is the art of possible.
9. Terrorism as a new threat to the contemporary world.
10. The state of women rights in Pakistan.

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ENGLISH ESSAYS (2008)

1. Moral depravity is the root cause of poverty.

2. Peace the essential message of our religion.
3. Time management is the key note of success.
4. Lack of Discipline- a national disaster.
5. Materialism is the death of Spirituality.
6. Poetry is the highest form of expression- the greatest proof is the Holy Quran.
7. Dreams for future rely on the work of today.
8. Can we prevent the Third World War?
9. Global Warming, Fact or Fiction?

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ENGLISH ESSAYS (2009)

1. The Future of Democracy in Pakistan.

2. Health is not a condition of matter, but of mind.
3. Co-education: Merits and Demerits.
4. The Food Crisis: Problems, Challenges, and Opportunities for Pakistan.
5. English as the Medium of Education in Pakistan.
6. The Future of UNO: Hopes and Hurdles.
7. There is no great genius without a mixture of madness.
8. Status of Women in Islam.

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 9. Pakistan’s war on terror and its impact on our psyche and politico-socio-economic fronts.
10. Power of Media in the Modern World.

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ENGLISH ESSAYS (2010)

1. Literature is the best criticism of life.

2. Dialogue is the best course to combat terrorism.
3. Pakistan is rich in natural resources but very poor in their management.
4. The UNO has failed to measure up to the demands of its charter.
5. All human are born equal in dignity and rights but they are in shackles everywhere.
6. Why is there no status of the third gender in Pakistan?
7. Can women be equal to men in Pakistan?
8. Without independent truth-finding commission, accountability is unachievable.
9. Religion has done more harm than help to human relations in the world.
10. The world politics stands more derisive than it was ever before due to the specific imperialist designs.

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ENGLISH ESSAYS (2011)

1. Truth is a rare commodity despite the freedom enjoyed by the print and electronic media.
2. Without good communication skills, life becomes impossible in the modern world.
3. The time we live in is the winter of the world.
4. In this country reason does not apply to anything.
5. Does Pakistani society regard women as the angel in the house or the source of all evils?
6. Disaster management and government preparedness.
7. Fair play and life, as it is lived, in the land of the pure.
8. The pleasure of reading.
9. What are the hurdles in our way to becoming a truly independent state?
10. Insanity in individuals is something rare but in groups, parties and nations it is the rule.

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ENGLISH ESSAYS (2012)

1. Energy Crisis in Pakistan: Causes and Consequences.

2. Obesity is the root cause of all diseases.
3. Beggars cannot be choosers.
4. The United Nations in the 21st century: Obligations and Limitations.

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 5. Brains, like hearts, go where they are appreciated.
6. The Emerging Power of Public Opinion.
7. The Suffering Soul in the Scientific Age.
8. A Critical Analysis of Education system in Pakistan.
9. Democracy is a culture rather than a process.
10. Social and Economic Securities of Women in Islam.

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ENGLISH ESSAYS (2013)

1. There should be colleges and schools just for men/boys and some just for women/girls.
2. Let me take care of today, tomorrow will take care of itself.
3. The traditional male role changed in the last 20 years.
4. Gender Equality is a Myth.
5. Meaning and Purpose of Education.
6. If gold rust what shall the iron do.
7. Country life is better than city life.
8. Free speech should have limitations.
9. Not economy but politics is a key to success.
10. Modern day communication via social networks puts an end of true and sincere relationships.

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ENGLISH ESSAYS (2014)

1. Literature is a great cultural artifact.

2. Language is a fit data for research in humanities and social sciences.
3. Privatizing higher education-generating knowledge or making more money for the opulent.
4. Women sportspersons as new ambassadors of the soft image of Pakistan.
5. Post-modern ethos-a challenge to the West.
6. Look to the east for a holistic progress.
7. Great nations win without fighting.
8. Can meaning be fixed?
9. The character of a nation can be judged by its symbolic narratives.
10. Violence is the large refuge of the incompetent.

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 ENGLISH ESSAYS (2015)

1. The war on terror has contributed to the growing abuse of human rights.
2. Anticipation is often greater than realization.
3. Punctuality is the virtue of bored.
4. The introduction of new digital technologies has radically altered identities.
5. In a hierarchy every employee tends to rise to his level of incompetence.
6. I disapprove of what you say, but I defend to death your right to say.
7. Luxury predecessors becomes the necessity of successors.
8. When life throws you lemons, make lemonade.
9. Government should eliminate subsidies and incentives for manufacturers and consumers of electric cars
as they are costly and do not do enough to protect the environment.
10. Labor saving devices are more troublesome than they are worth.

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ENGLISH ESSAYS (2016)

1. World as a global village: Learning to live together.

2. We have to learn to be our own best friends, because we fall too easily into the trap of being our own
worst enemies.
3. Water Crisis and National unity.
4. The place of Urdu in Pakistan and Supreme Court’s ruling on making Urdu the official language of the
Country.
5. Crisis of good governance in Pakistan: Need for reforms and institution building.
6. Promotion of Tax culture in Pakistan: Perspective, prospect and challenges.
7. Gender equality is a myth.
8. The creation of new provinces in Pakistan: Implications for an integrated country.
9. Does foreign aid help to achieve economic stability?
10. Frailty, thy name is woman.

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ENGLISH ESSAYS (2017)

1. Is colonial mentality impeding Pakistan’s progress?

2. Brexit means globalization is the rhetoric of the privileged, and capitalism will return ferociously as ever.
3. More and more international military engagements by the United States; is the world moving towards
peace?

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 4. Modernity is an unending project.
5. Feminism is not really a Third World Issue.
6. Literature is a lonely planet of idealists.
7. Being a minority is a fate no one wants. Can nationalism be really inclusive?
8. Ideologies thrive on nations of resistance, yet change is a simulation.
9. Are modern wars not holy wars?
10. Life without controversy is no life. But why one should not choose the save haven of conformism?

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ENGLISH ESSAYS (2018)

1. Real development should transform people’s lives, not just economic statistics.
2. Higher Education in Pakistan: Ills and Remedies.
3. Too many of us are not living our dreams because we are living our fears.
4. China-Pakistan Economic Corridor and its Socio-economic implications for the region and the world.
5. Beware the barrenness of a busty life!
6. The Emerging Power of Social Media: Prospects and Problems.
7. In the fight against terrorism and corruption, it is imperative not to compromise human rights and civil
liberties.
8. The threat of Global Warming and the ways to counter it.
9. Will “Rule of Law” always remain an impracticable myth in our country?
10. Democracy in Pakistan: Hopes and Hurdles.

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ENGLISH ESSAYS (2019)

1. Let there be more light in the corridors of worship places.

2. New war fronts lie in economic zones.
3. Urdu literature and Progressive Movement.
4. Art for Peace.
5. Truth is lived, not taught.
6. New waves of feminism and our culture.
7. Democracy and illiteracy do not move together.
8. Sometimes we do not see what we see.
9. Expanding Information Technology: A curse or blessing.
10. Classrooms decide the future of the nation.
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 ENGLISH ESSAYS (2020)

1. Do we really need literature in our lives?

2. Women Universities as agents of change.
3. Pakistan and the future of Kashmir cause.
4. Polarized Politics: The issues and challenges of democracy in Pakistan.
5. Global Power dynamics and Pakistan’s foreign policy.
6. Pakistan’s informal economy: The way forward.
7. Promoting Tourism in Pakistan: Opportunities and Challenges.
8. I do not agree with what you have to say, but I will defend to the death your right to say it.
9. Is Pakistan ready for digital revolution?
10. IMF Bailouts: Roads to stability or recipes for disaster.

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 FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMISSION
COMPETATIVE XAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BPS-17
UNDER THE FEDRAL GOVERNAMENT, 2001

CURRENT AFFAIRS

(PART-I) 30 MINUTES MAXIMUM MARKS : 20

TIME ALLOWED
(PART-II) 2 HOURS & 30 MINUTES MAXIMUM MARKS : 80
i. Part-II is to be attempted on the separate ANSWER BOOK.
ii. Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II by selecting ONE question from
EACH SECTION. ALL questions carry EQUAL marks.
iii. All the parts (if any) of each Question must be attempted at one place instead of at
NOTE: different places.
iv. Write Q. No. in the Answer Book in accordance with Q. No. in the Q. Paper.
v. No Page/Space be left blank between the answers. All the blank Pages of Answer Book
must be crosses.
vi. Extra attempt of any question or any part of the question will not be considered.

PART- II

Q. No. 2. Determine the extent to which the objectives of Americans-Led Global Coalition against the so-called
terrorism are achievable.

Q. No. 3. Visualize the post-Taliban Scenario in Afghanistan and discuss its implications for Pakistan.

Q. No. 4. How has the Apathetic role of Arab Countries complicated the issue of Palestine?

Q. No. 5. Sino-Pakistan collaboration on Gwadar Sea opening will have far-reaching economic and
geostrategic consequences. Comment.

Q. No. 6. The United Nations Organization is being side-lined by denying the peace-making role that
legitimately belong to her. Examine the statement.

Q. No. 7. Evaluate the structural changes introduced in Pakistan’s economy over the past two years.

Q. No. 8. Highlight the Constitutional Issues affecting Pakistan’s politics since the army take over in October
1999.

Q. No. 9. Judicious evaluation of examination scripts by the Universities and Boards of Education in Pakistan
needs to be ensured. How can it be accomplished?

Q. No. 10. Write short notes on ANY TWO of the following:

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 (a) Shanghai Cooperation Organization

(b) Aftermath of Agra-Summit

(c) Gender Prejudices and Women Empowerment in Pakistan

(d) Economic Consequences or preparation at the World Trade Centre

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CURRENT AFFAIRS (2002)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. “In her Foreign Policy and trade, Pakistan has never benefited fully from her ideal geostrategic
location”. Discuss.

Q. No. 3. Give a critique of the performance of SAARC since its inception.

Q. No. 4. Critically evaluate the US concerns about the production of Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD).

Q. No. 5. Analyze the role of OIC in the resolution of problems faced by its members.

Q. No. 6. “A single Catastrophic event –NINE ELEVEN– has turned the entire world topsy-turvy”. Discuss.

Q. No. 7. How has the conflict between US and Iraq affected them and the world at large?

Q. No. 8. Give a comprehensive appraisal of the revival of democracy after the interregnum of 1999-2002.

Q. No. 9. Write short notes on ANY TWO of the following:

(a) Expansion of European Union (EU)

(b) Communal Riots in India

(c) KalaBagh Dam

(d) Pakistan’s Pollution Problems

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CURRENT AFFAIRS (2003)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. In the current relationship of mutual dependence, American obligations are minimal while Pakistani
ones are substantial. Comment.

Q. No. 3. Globalization, as being shaped by the World Trade Organization in a world of Unequal Nation-
States, has un-manageable implications. Discuss.

Q. No. 4. Give a long term scenario of Afghanistan and Iraq beyond the perspective of NINE ELEVEN.

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Q. No. 5. Highlight the factors and forces, which have contributed to sideline the United Nations
Organization in terms of its peace and security role.

Q. No. 6. What are the ground realities inhibiting the capacity of Organization of Islamic Conference as an
effective body to protect the legitimate interests of Muslim World?

Q. No. 7. In what ways India-Israel nexus, India-China bilateral relations and India-Iran geo-economic ties
affect Pakistan? Debate National Interests VS Democratic Values in the context of recent Political
and Constitutional developments in Pakistan.

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on ANY TWO of the following:

(a) Current Palestinian situation and the Arab neighbors

(b) France’s Policy on Iraq’s Invasion

(c) Attempt any ONE personality of the following.

(i) Noam Chomsky (ii) Arundhati Roy

(iii) Edward Wadie Saeed (iv) Eqbal Ahmad

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CURRENT AFFAIRS (2004)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Peace process cannot move forward without the sincere and positive efforts of Pakistan and India
nevertheless both parties should be mentally prepared to accommodate each other’s sensitivities.
Discuss the statement.

Q. No. 3. Highlight the latest developments in relation between China and America.

Q. No. 4. Write short notes on ANY TWO of the following:

(a) SAARC

(b) ECO

(c) OIC

Q. No. 5. Israel intransigence due to unqualified American support for is the main factor defying the solution
of the Middle East dispute. Comment.

Q. No. 6. President Musharraf has rightly said that the greatest danger to Pakistan comes not from without
but from within, in the form of religious extremism and sectarianism. Suggest measures to control
and curb this menace.

Q. No. 7. Pakistan-China relations are “historic and time-tested” have developed a momentum of their own
and are continuing. Elucidate.

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Q. No. 8. Students hailing from different classes and exposed to different media of instruction are not only
uncomfortable with one another but also hinder the promotion of national integration. Comment.

Q. No. 9. Identify the following and state what brought them in the news recently or lately:
(a) Nek Muhammad

(b) Amjad Hafeez

(c) Tasman Spirit

(d) Col. Yang Liwei

(e) SMART-I

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CURRENT AFFAIRS (2005)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. The new dimensions in Indo-US warming up of relations would have serious implications for
Pakistan and the World region. Discuss

Q. No. 3. The phenomenon of Terrorism has occupied center stage in todays’ world. Highlight the difference
between terrorism and a freedom struggle. Discuss the issue of terrorism in the back drop of what is
happening in Iraq, Chechnya, Kashmir and Afghanistan.

Q. No. 4. America has been bogged down in Iraq and Afghanistan. What would be America’s exit strategy to
disengage itself from the prevalent confrontational situation? Discuss.

Q. No. 5. How best can the issue of Provincial Autonomy be resolved within a viable Federal Structure?
Discuss.

Q. No. 6. The Gwadar Port would have great strategic significance in addition to its vast economic potential
not only for the uplift of Balochistan but for the neighboring countries like China, Afghanistan and
Central Asian States. Comment.

Q. No. 7. In the Muslim Societies, factors like Justice, rejuvenation, education and enlightenment, which
determine the conditions of human societies, are miserable lacking. Analyze the problems
confronting the Muslim World in the light of this statement.

Q. No. 8. Analyze the convergence and divergence of interests in Pakistan – Iran relations since the last two
decades.

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 CURRENT AFFAIRS (2006)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. US accusations against North Korea, Syria and Iran are meant to bring them within the purview
of the doctrine of pre-emptive war. Discuss.

Q. No. 3. Countries that recognized the importance of higher education are way ahead of those who have
ignored it. What measures would you suggest to upgrade the standards of Higher Education in
Pakistan?

Q. No. 4. Examine the causes of disturbances in Baluchistan.

Q. No. 5. The UN Security Council is regarded as a tool for the Veto Wielding Powers and a debating forum
for non-permanent members. Make a case for restructuring the Council with special emphasis on
judicious distribution of Veto Power.

Q. No. 6. The ongoing Anti-Blasphemy campaign launched by Muslims all over the world and the West’s
obduracy not to yield on the issue in the name of freedom of press has put the two on a collision.
What role the UN and the OIC can play to prevent recurrence of acts of blasphemy in future?

Q. No. 7. The US President George Bush visit to Pakistan had yielded no positive outcomes except for
promises and pledges. In the backdrop of changing US mindset, former Prime Minister Mir Zafr
Ullah Khan Jamali had urged the government to establish more vibrant relations with Iran, Saudi
Arabia and China. Comment.

Q. No. 8. Write explanatory notes on ANY TWO of the following:

(a) Pak – Afghan Relations

(b) KalaBagh Dam

(c) October 8, Post Earthquake Scenario

(d) Iran – Pakistan – India (IPI) Gas Pipeline Project

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CURRENT AFFAIRS (2007)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. What are the factors which contribute to the global warming? What measures have been agreed in
the Kyoto Protocol to minimize the harmful effects of Pollution?

Q. No. 3. Association of the South East Asian Nation (ASEAN) is a success story of regional organization.
What lessons SAARC can learn from the experience of ASEAN?

Q. No. 4. There is a perception that USA is preparing to attack Iran. Discuss the possibilities of this scenario
and its implications at global level especially in the Middle East and on Pakistan.

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Q. No. 5. China, India and Pakistan are three Nuclear States in the Asian Continent. Is this a potential threat
or strength for the continent? Analyze.

Q. No. 6. Pakistan is suffering from crises of governance at institutional level. Suggest remedies to mitigate
this situation.

Q. No. 7. The Organization of Islamic Countries (OIC) has not played an effective role in protecting the rights
of member states. How can it become a vibrant organization to achieve its objectives?

Q. No. 8. Write explanatory notes on ANY TWO of the following:

(a) Neo-Conservatism in USA

(b) Human Development

(c) Geneva Convention

(d) Balkanization

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CURRENT AFFAIRS (2008)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. The rise of religious extremism and militancy has become a major challenge to Pakistan’s internal
stability and promotion of democracy. Elaborate.

Q. No. 3. The amicable solution of Siachen Glacier and Sir Creek Maritime Boundary disputes might
harbinger the settlement of the core issue of Kashmir between Pakistan and India. Discuss.

Q. No. 4. Why Pakistan is desperately seeking full-fledged membership in the Shanghai Cooperation
Organization?

Q. No. 5. Discuss the potential challenges Pakistan is facing in the WTO Regime.

Q. No. 6. Discuss the various dimensions of Pakistan US relations in the wake of Pakistan’s playing the role
as a frontline state against International Terrorism.

Q. No. 7. How far India factor is responsible for the present state of Pak-Afghanistan relations? Analyze.

Q. No. 8. Write notes on ANY TWO of the following:

(a) NATO’s expansion in Eastern Europe

(b) SAFTA
(c) Afghanistan in SAARC
(d) Great Game in Central Asia
(e) Palestine Issue
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 CURRENT AFFAIRS (2009)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Why most countries of the Muslim World are devoid of democratic governance? What changes
would you recommend to make them modern democratic states?

Q. No. 3. Dynastic Politics in South Asia has become a norm rather than exception. What are the merits and
demerits of the Political Arrangement? Analyze and Comment.

Q. No. 4. The strength of Chinese’s Economy is perceived as a threat by USA to its dwindling hegemony.
What changes at policy level are required by America for harmonious relations with China?

Q. No. 5. In the present day turbulent world, most of the countries in East Asia have been relatively calm and
stable in Political and economic sphere. What reasons would you assign for this success?

Q. No. 6. Democracy in Pakistan has remained an elusive dream. Why it has taken so long to develop a road
map and follow it with necessary modifications? Explain.

Q. No. 7. The attack on Iraq by USA was an attempt to control oil resources of the area and redraw the map
of Middle East. Having failed to achieve both objectives, what policy options would be required by
USA towards Middle East for peaceful relations?

Q. No. 8. Write notes on ANY TWO of the following:

(a) Combating Corruption in developing countries

(b) Free Market Economy and Economic Meltdown

(c) Improving Quality of life in Africa

(d) Economic Potential of Central Asia

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CURRENT AFFAIRS (2010)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. “The troubling issue in Pakistan pertains to an Overbearing Centre’s Supremacy in the federation
and the resulting demand for Provincial Autonomy”. Discuss.

Q. No. 3. “Pakistan provides the natural link between the SCO states to connect the Eurasian Organization
in the Arabian Sea and South Asia”. Substantiate Pakistan’s claim for the membership of the
Shanghai Cooperation Organization in view of the above mentioned statement.

Q. No. 4. The issue of central importance about corruption and accountability in Pakistan is the increase in
corruption despite six decades of efforts to eradicate it. Analyze and comment on the root cause of
rampant corruption in the society.

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Q. No. 5. President Obama’s extended hand of friendship to China ushers in a new era of realist diplomacy in
Washington. Highlight the new dimensions of U.S Foreign Policy towards People’s Republic of
China.

Q. No. 6. What feasible measures would you suggest to bridge the existing trust deficit between Pakistan and
India for the resumption of stalled process of composite dialogue?

Q. No. 7. “The new Afghan strategy of the United States, in fact, is a veiled request for their safe exit-. It is a
gamble. The price of victory will be high and the price of failure is incalculable”. Analyze and
Comment

Q. No. 8. Write notes on ANY TWO of the following:

(a) Liberhan Commission Report

(b) Aghaz-e-Haqooq Balochistan Package

(c) Jewish Settlements in Palestinian Territories

(d) Chinese Aided Development Projects in Pakistan

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CURRENT AFFAIRS (2011)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. What is AFPAK Policy? How to manage its implications on Pakistan?

Q. No. 3. If India is granted permanent seat in Security Council, what can be the options available to Pakistan
to manage the Indian hegemony in South Asia?

Q. No. 4. How Pakistan can reduce foreign debt? Suggest mechanism in Pakistan Economy to handle external
perspective of Pakistan Economy?

Q. No. 5. Give recommendations to make SAARC an effective organization at regional level keeping in view
success of European Union.

Q. No. 6. What can be the strategies to reduce dependency of education sector on government funding?

Q. No. 7. Give suggestions to manage political instability of Pakistan.

Q. No. 8. What is Climate Change Impact? What are its implications on Pakistan? How to manage climate
change in policy and practice?

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CURRENT AFFAIRS (2012)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Evaluate the significance of Water Conflict between India and Pakistan in global perspective of
Climate Change.

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Q. No. 3. Discuss the impact of Foreign Aid on Pakistan in Post-9/11 scenario.

Q. No. 4. Substantiate Pakistan’s role in Common Wealth.

Q. No. 5. How can the energy crisis of Pakistan be resolved?

Q. No. 6. Discuss issues in the higher educational system vis-à-vis 18th Amendment in Pakistan.

Q. No. 7. How can the corruption be managed in Pakistan?

Q. No. 8. Discuss impact of economic development of China on World Order.

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CURRENT AFFAIRS (2013)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Discuss the successes and failures of political parties in bringing about a meaningful political
change in Pakistan.

Q. No. 3. Discuss the current socio-political and security situation in Afghanistan and its implications for
the neighboring countries.

Q. No. 4. How will “Arab Spring” effect the political and security environment in the Arab World?

Q. No. 5. Discuss the importance of Pak-China Relations. How does this relationship effect the political and
security environment in South Asia?

Q. No. 6. Discuss the causes of extremism and militancy in Pakistani Society. Suggest ways and means for
the state organs to overcome these problems.

Q. No. 7. Resolution of Kashmir Issue between India and Pakistan can bring peace and prosperity in the
region. Discuss.

Q. No. 8. Critically evaluate the causes of Energy Crisis in Pakistan and its consequences for the economic
growth and social fabric in the country.

********************
CURRENT AFFAIRS (2014)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Evaluate the significance of water conflict between India and Pakistan in perspective of Water
Management Projects in Indian held Kashmir.

Q. No. 3. Discuss the impact of AFPAK Policy on Pak-US Relations.

Q. No. 4. Substantiate Pakistan’s role in UN Peace-keeping Missions.

Q. No. 5. Critically appreciate the decision making in Pakistan regarding energy crisis in Pakistan.

18 | P a g e
Q. No. 6. What is character building? Assess the factor (character building) in education systems of Pakistan
and give suggestions for improvement.

Q. No. 7. How can the corruption elimination be made part of the governance system of Pakistan?

Q. No. 8. Discuss the strengths of USA to implement its economic policies Worldwide.

********************
CURRENT AFFAIRS (2015)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Since 1970, every election was accused of rigging. What electoral reforms you will suggest to
improve the electoral system of Pakistan?

Q. No. 3. What is the role of education in character building of a nation? Highlight major pitfalls in Pakistan’s
education system.

Q. No. 4. Define the term “Good Governance”. What measures the present government should take to
improve its performance?

Q. No. 5. Do you believe the main cause of 2014 floods was Indian Water Terrorism or it was due to awful
mismanagement of water resources in Pakistan?

Q. No. 6. What are the causes of “Arab Spring”? Identify their impacts on the future policies of the region.

Q. No. 7. Do you agree that Pakistan’s role in Afghan Jihad against Soviet Union was the root-cause of
terrorism in Pakistan or it is a reaction of US Invasion of Afghanistan after 9/11 and Pakistan’s U-
turn in Afghan Policy?

Q. No. 8. Critically evaluate the counter-terrorism policy of Pakistan and suggest measures to eradicate this
evil.

********************
CURRENT AFFAIRS (2016)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Discuss in detail the efficacy of counter terrorism measures adopted by the government, especially
with reference to the National Action Plan.

Q. No. 3. What measures would you suggest to improve the economy of Pakistan particularly in the areas of
debt reduction and enhancing export capacity?

Q. No. 4. Discuss the possibilities of progress under the recently agreed rubric of comprehensive dialogue
between Pakistan and India. In your opinion what are the major constraints at present?

Q. No. 5. Discuss the prospect and challenges to the construction of “China-Pakistan Economic Corridor”.
How will CPEC become a game changer for the region?

19 | P a g e
Q. No. 6. How do you see recent developments in the Middle East, particularly with reference to deteriorating
relations between Saudi Arabia and Iran? What role, if any, Pakistan could play in reducing the
tensions between the two Muslim Countries?

Q. No. 7. Examine the strategic competition between China and U.S and its impact on global order.

Q. No. 8. Discuss the adverse impact of Climate Change on the world and the measures recently adopted by
the Paris Conference to address the issue.

********************
CURRENT AFFAIRS (2017)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Highlight the National Action Plan (NAP) in stabilization of Internal Security of Pakistan.
Critically analyze its outcomes.

Q. No. 3. What measures do you suggest to improve the security conditions of Balochistan in respect to China-
Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), and the role of regional powers to sabotage it?

Q. No. 4. Critically analyze the US-Russia relations in context of ISIS and its impact on the security situation
of Middle East.

Q. No. 5. Explain the salient contours of the US “rebalancing” policy and China’s assertive policy in South
China Sea and latter’s disputes with the regional countries. Critically evaluate.

Q. No. 6. The impact of burgeoning US-India strategic partnership over the security situation of the region
and Indian Ocean region.

Q. No. 7. Critically examine China’s strategic vision behind “One Belt, One Road” venture.

Q. No. 8. (a) Analyze the effects of commissioning of Nuclear-powered Ballistic Missile Submarine (SSBN),
INS Arihant equipped with nuclear-capable missile called K-4 over the strategic stability of South
Asia.

(b) US-India in August 2016 signed Logistics Exchange Memorandum of Agreement (LEMOA)
that will reportedly facilitate the two allies to use each other’s military facilities to check China’s
growing influence. Comment

********************
CURRENT AFFAIRS (2018)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) is considered as a game changer. How the CPEC can
be helpful to uplift the Pakistan’s Economy? Discuss.

Q. No. 3. Discuss in detail the Iran-Pakistan gas pipeline and challenges to it.

20 | P a g e
Q. No. 4. How the US is trying to keep its dominant position in the Asia-Pacific and what is the China’s
response to it?

Q. No. 5. Critically analyze the newly established Islamic Military Alliance and its future implications for
the Muslim World.

Q. No. 6. Describe the 2017 Qatar Diplomatic Crisis and its impact on the Middle East.

Q. No. 7. Critically examine the Donald Trump’s Policy for South Asia and its implications for Pakistan and
the region.

Q. No. 8. What are the opportunities and challenges for Pakistan as one of the new members of the Shanghai
Cooperation Organization?

********************
CURRENT AFFAIRS (2019)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Examine China Strategic Vision behind “The Belt and Road” Initiative (BRI), also known as the
“One Belt, One Road (OBOR).

Q. No. 3. Elaborate the reasons and impacts of Donald Trump’s withdrawal from Climate Change Paris
Agreement 2015.

Q. No. 4. What could be the reasons of emerging water conflict between Pakistan and Afghanistan?

Q. No. 5. Give a critical review of Pakistan National Energy Policy 2013-2018.

Q. No. 6. How can the corruption elimination strategy be made part of the governance system of Pakistan?

Q. No. 7. How can the governing structures have the capacity to neutralize threats to internal security of
Pakistan?

Q. No. 8. Discuss the instruments and techniques of “Hybrid” Warfare in context to Pakistan.

********************
CURRENT AFFAIRS (2020)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. What impact global climate change will have on the water resources of Pakistan? How will it affect
inter-provincial harmony?

Q. No. 3. Why was Pakistan placed on the “Grey List” of Financial Action Task Force (FATF)? What are the
implications and what measures should Pakistan take to move out of this list?

Q. No. 4. Given the volatile lockdown in Indian Occupied Kashmir, what are the viable policy choices available
to Pakistan? What can Pakistan realistically do to ease the sufferings of Kashmiri People?

21 | P a g e
Q. No. 5. Discuss the strategic contours of Indo-US evolving partnership and how will it impact Pakistan-
US and Pakistan-China Relations?

Q. No. 6. Strategic competition in the Indo-Pacific Region is increasingly becoming intense. Define the
interests and role of US, China, India, Japan, and Australia in the geopolitics of Indo-Pacific regions.

Q. No. 7. Discuss in detail the role of OIC, Arab League and GCC in the Middle East Crisis and Conflicts.

Q. No. 8. In view of the evolving global alignments and changing nature of major-power relationships, what
is the future of globalism and multilateralism? Discuss with examples.

********************

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 FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMISSION
COMPETATIVE XAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BPS-17
UNDER THE FEDRAL GOVERNAMENT, 2001

PAKISTAN AFFAIRS

(PART-I) 30 MINUTES MAXIMUM MARKS : 20

TIME ALLOWED
(PART-II) 2 HOURS & 30 MINUTES MAXIMUM MARKS : 80
i. Part-II is to be attempted on the separate ANSWER BOOK.
ii. Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II by selecting ONE question from
EACH SECTION. ALL questions carry EQUAL marks.
iii. All the parts (if any) of each Question must be attempted at one place instead of at
NOTE: different places.
iv. Write Q. No. in the Answer Book in accordance with Q. No. in the Q. Paper.
v. No Page/Space be left blank between the answers. All the blank Pages of Answer Book
must be crosses.
vi. Extra attempt of any question or any part of the question will not be considered.

PART- II

Q. No. 2. Briefly describe the evolution of Muslim Society in the Sub-Continent from 1206 onwards and
analyze its downfall after the 17th Century.

Q. No. 3. Discuss the salient aspects of Shah Wali Ullah’s Movement and analyze its impact on the Muslims
of the Sub-Continent.

Q. No. 4. “Basically educational in character, the Aligarh Movement was not devoid of Political Objectives”.
Discuss.

Q. No. 5. Make a critical comparison of the Nehru Report and the Quaid-e-Azam’s Fourteen Points.

Q. No. 6. Write a comprehensive essay on the promulgation of Islamic System in Pakistan with special
reference to the role played by the Ullema in the process.

Q. No. 7. The U.S attack on Afghanistan in October 2001 has had serious repercussions for Pakistan. Discuss.

Q. No. 8. Write an analytical essay on the growth of population in Pakistan after independence and
underscore its effects on the country’s socioeconomic climate.

Q. No. 9. Write detailed notes on ANY TWO of the following:

(a) Chaudhry Rehmat Ali AH.

23 | P a g e
 (b) Allama Iqbal

(c) Kashmir Conflict

(d) KalaBagh Dam

********************
PAKISTAN AFFAIRS (2002)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Briefly describe the evolution of Muslim Society in the Sub-Continent.

Q. No. 3. “There is an “unbridgeable gulf between Hinduism and Islam and their followers existed together
in the same land for hundreds of years like two streams which continue to run parallel to each other
indefinitely, without ever becoming one body of water”. Elucidate.

Q. No. 4. State the reasons Sir Syed advanced to the Indian Muslims to eschew politics. To what extent he
was successful?

Q. No. 5. The Ullemas of Nadwah attempted to make a synthesis of Modernism of Aligarh and conversation
of Deoband in their syllabus. Discuss.

Q. No. 6. The Quaid-e-Azam was against the performance of a “surgical operation” on the provinces because
such a step would be a dangerous proposition and would “let loose terrible forces”. In the light of
the statement, discuss the division of the Punjab and Bengal.

Q. No. 7. Why ONE-UNIT was created and subsequently abolished? Explain.

Q. No. 8. The Indian Policy on Kashmir is caught on the horns of a dilemma and that dilemma is that if it
accepts the verdict of the people, it has to vacate the territory of state of Junagarh, Manavadhar,
Mangrol, Hyderabad etc. Explain.

Q. No. 9. What are the problems of Industrialization in Pakistan? How they can be solved?

********************
PAKISTAN AFFAIRS (2003)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Discuss the role and efforts of Muslim religious leaders for the establishment of Muslim Society in
the Sub-Continent.

Q. No. 3. Discuss the ideological foundations of the “TWO NATIONS THEORY” with reference to the
contributions of Dr. Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam.

Q. No. 4. Examine the nature of Congress Rule in the Provinces under the government of India Act, 1935.
What was its impacts on the Muslim Politics?

24 | P a g e
Q. No. 5. As a result of British-Hindu Conspiracy on the eve of independence the State of Pakistan which
ultimately emerged in August 1947, was not as strong as visualized by the Quaid-i-Azam but only
a “mutilated”, “moth-eaten”, and “truncated” Pakistan. Elucidate.

Q. No. 6. “Muhammad Ali Formula was practicable compromise between the two wings of Pakistan on the
questions of representation. To what extent, it was acceptable to both the wings of Pakistan?

Q. No. 7. To what extent the version of Francis Maudie was true that “The greatest danger” to Pakistan in
1947 was “The Refuge Problem in West Punjab” and how did the policy makers of Pakistan respond
to it?

Q. No. 8. The so-called “Instrument of Accession” of Bharat with Kashmir “is fraudulent and impossible to
accept” as it is “based on violence. In the light of Quaid-e-Azam’s statement make a comparison
and correlation of the State of Jammu and Kashmir with the State of Junagarh, Mangrol,
Sardargarh, Bentva and Hyderabad etc.

Q. No. 9. Write detailed notes on ANY TWO of the following:

(a) Problems of Education System in Pakistan

(b) Geo-Political Position of Pakistan

(c) “Pakistan is a rich country, where poor people live”.

********************
PAKISTAN AFFAIRS (2004)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Analyze the factors responsible for degeneration of Muslim Society in 18th century.

Q. No. 3. “Aligarh is Arsenal of Muslim India” [Quaid-e-Azam]. Narrate briefly the role of Aligarh for the
cause of the Muslims of the Subcontinent with special reference to the final phase of their
independence.

Q. No. 4. Account for emergence of All India Muslim League and assess its importance in Indian Politics
during 1906-1913.

Q. No. 5. Trace the course of Khilafat Movement and assess its significance for the development of Muslim
Nationalism.

Q. No. 6. “Between 1937-1947, Congress Policies were such as to make Pakistan inevitable”. Discuss.

Q. No. 7. What do you know about Water Crisis in Pakistan? Also suggest concrete steps for its solution.

Q. No. 8. Throw light on the steps taken under various governments for the promulgation of Islamic System
in the country.

Q. No. 9. Write detailed notes on ANY TWO of the following:

(a) Objective Resolution

25 | P a g e
 (b) Six Points of Mujeeb Ur Rehman

(c) Pakistan’s role in the war against Terrorism.

********************
PAKISTAN AFFAIRS (2005)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Summarize the political scene of the Sub-Continent at the opening of the Eighteenth Century.

Q. No. 3. Critically evaluate the contribution of Faraizi Movement in the life of Muslims in the Sub-
Continent.

Q. No. 4. Examine Allama Iqbal’s Concept of Muslim Nationalism in the light of Allahabad address.

Q. No. 5. Address the importance of Pakistan’s relations with the European Union for the foreign policy of
Pakistan as a whole.

Q. No. 6. Define and explain the geographic inertia and its role in the development of Pakistan.

Q. No. 7. Account for the initial concentration of agro-based industry in the manufacturing belt of Pakistan.

Q. No. 8. Using as much evidence as possible, outline a case for the development of Water Resources in the
Indus Basin. Examine also polity in this phenomenon.

********************
PAKISTAN AFFAIRS (2006)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Describe the most notable feature of Muslims in India in the light of their monotheistic religion and
egalitarian social structure.

Q. No. 3. Discuss the role of Muslim Majority Provinces in the establishment of Pakistan.

Q. No. 4. Assess the account for the problems which Quaid-i-Azam had to face as Governor General of
Pakistan.

Q. No. 5. Highlight the various characteristics of Pakistan Culture. Bring out the importance of customs and
traditions in the society.

Q. No. 6. Summarize the government measures to improve the agricultural productivity in the light of
introducing new irrigation projects.

Q. No. 7. Describe the distribution of Iron and Steel industry of Pakistan. Evaluate its role in the industrial
development of the country.

Q. No. 8. Political map of Pakistan is the outcome of its geo-strategic location. Give a reasoned account for
the statement.

26 | P a g e
 PAKISTAN AFFAIRS (2007)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Critically evaluate the contribution made by missionaries in the growth of Muslim Society in the
Sub-continent of Indo-Pak.

Q. No. 3. The Deoband School stood for “definite religio-political goals with limited spheres of influence”.
Discuss.

Q. No. 4. Elucidate Ideology of Pakistan. What are the reasons which contributed for the development of Two-
Nation Theory? Is Two-Nation Theory relevant after the fail of Dacca? Discuss.

Q. No. 5. Minto Morely Reform was a “tool of change” in the political system of India. Discuss it with special
reference to the demands of Simla Deputation.

Q. No. 6. Local Government System under the “Devolution of Power Plan 2001” has miserably failed in
delivering service to the masses. Discuss.

Q. No. 7. “Pakistan is a federation in form and unitary in spirit”. Discuss it keeping in view the strengths
and weaknesses of Federation of Pakistan.

********************
PAKISTAN AFFAIRS (2008)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. What influence Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi has left on the history of Muslims of India? Discuss
critically.

Q. No. 3. Aligarh Movement injected a new life in the dead body of the Muslim Nation and helped to regain
its lost glory and prestige. Discuss.

Q. No. 4. “Quaid-i-Azam was the ambassador of Hindu Muslim Unity”. Discuss it in perspective of
Lucknow Pact and what future vision depicted from the pact?

Q. No. 5. The proposals of “Cabinet Mission (1946)” could defer the establishment of Pakistan, if accepted by
the Muslim League. Evaluate critically.

Q. No. 6. The Constitution of Pakistan (1973) is the “mouth piece of Islam”. Discuss.

Q. No. 7. What is Judicial Activism? Has it brought Pak-Judiciary in the state of morality in the recent past?
Give suggestions for the independence of Judiciary.

Q. No. 8. What are principal industries of Pakistan and what problems Government of Pakistan is facing for
its industrial development?

********************

27 | P a g e
 PAKISTAN AFFAIRS (2009)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Keeping in view the diverse Muslim Reformist Movements of the Sub-continent, delineate the
sequential unity in formulation of Ideology of Pakistan.

Q. No. 3. What specific steps were initiated by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan which later on became the Agenda-
points of the movement for Pakistan? How did these steps orient the political system in Pakistan?

Q. No. 4. Illustrate the role of Quaid-i-Azam for protecting the constitutional rights of Muslims of the Sub-
continent from 1916 to 1933.

Q. No. 5. Referring to the evolution of political system, identify the commonalities among the Martial Law
Administrators of Pakistan.

Q. No. 6. Discuss and debate the strength of diplomatic stance of Pakistan regarding “War on Terror”. How
it can be improvised in present geo-political scenario?

Q. No. 7. Compare and contrast the dynamics of recent Civil Society Movements, with other movements in
the history of Pakistan. What impact it would print on the future of Pakistan?

Q. No. 8. In spite of strong research-base, rich lands, reasonable water resources, and various land-reforms,
why agriculture sector remained less developed in Pakistan?

********************
PAKISTAN AFFAIRS (2010)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Shah Wali Ullah realized “the renaissance of Islam and Muslim society cannot be affected until the
intellectual life of the Muslims is re-oriented”. Discuss critically.

Q. No. 3. Aligarh and Deoband movements had great contrast in their views and mission and their leaders
were at draggers drawn with each other. Discuss.

Q. No. 4. How far is it correct to say that Quaid-i-Azam consolidated the nascent state of Pakistan? Comment.

Q. No. 5. Why military of Pakistan intervened in Pakistan’s politics? What is the role of the present leadership
to de-politicize army? Give specific measures.

Q. No. 6. What is meant be National Reconciliation? What are its ingredients? Can we equate National
Reconciliation with National Reconciliation Ordinance?

Q. No. 7. Compare and contrast the resistance movement of East Pakistan with the present movement of
Balochistan. Suggest remedies.

Q. No. 8. Pakistan’s industry is providing jobs to various categories of workers and is earning foreign
exchange for the country. Comment.

28 | P a g e
 PAKISTAN AFFAIRS (2011)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Briefly analyse and discuss the contribution of the religious reformers – Sheikh Ahmad Sirhindi,
Shah Wali Ullah, Syed Ahmad Barelvi and the like – in the growth of Muslim consciousness in the
South-Asian Sub-continent.

Q. No. 3. John Plamenatz defines “Nationalism” as “the desire to preserve or enhance people’s national or
cultural identity, when the identity is threatened or the desire to transform or even create it when
it is felt to be inadequate or lacking”.

In the light of above definition, briefly but comprehensively discuss the respective role
played by Sir Syed Ahmad, Allama Iqbal and the Quaid-i-Azam in strengthening the Muslim
Nationalism in India.

Q. No. 4. Describe the main contents and relative importance of the Lucknow Pact and Delhi Muslim
Proposals and their respective impact on the subsequent political developments in India.

Q. No. 5. Can the Lahore Resolution be termed as the “Magna Carta of Pakistan”? Take a position and
support your argument by historical facts, if any.

Q. No. 6. Give a critical appraisal of the constitutional crisis/ crisis initiated by the controversial actions taken
by Governor General Ghulam Muhammad and endorsed by the Superior Court of Pakistan. Discuss
and analyse its effects on the subsequent history of Pakistan.

Q. No. 7. Federalism has been a continuing cause of political tension in our country. Will the 18 th amendment
made in the Constitution by the present Government solve this issue once for all? Take a position
and support with your argument.

Q. No. 8. Given the problems that Pakistan is facing today, what is your vision of Pakistan in the year 2011?
How, in your opinion, can be its internal and external problems solved?

********************
PAKISTAN AFFAIRS (2012)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Discuss critically the role of Silsilah (orders) in the development and progress of Muslim Society in
the Sub-continent of Indo-Pakistan.

Q. No. 3. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan believed in “Trinity of Ideas” i.e. loyalty, devotion and aloofness”. Discuss
it in perspective of his reformation movement.

Q. No. 4. Before passing of Lahore Resolution (Pakistan Resolution), the division of Indian Sub-continent was
advocated by various thinkers, intellectuals and reformers. Discuss.

Q. No. 5. The “Objective Resolution (1949)” satisfied both orthodox and modernists by combining the
features of Western and Islamic democracy. Discuss critically.

29 | P a g e
Q. No. 6. What is bureaucracy and what are its characteristics? How did it play its role in strengthening and
integration of Pakistan?

Q. No. 7. What are the security concerns of Pakistan? Suggest measures by revisiting the foreign policy of
Pakistan.

Q. No. 8. The location of Pakistan has given the strategic strength to the state. What are its physical features
and narrate its advantages and disadvantages.

********************
PAKISTAN AFFAIRS (2013)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Critically examine the Muslim shift from militancy to education with a special reference to the
educational movements launched during the 19th century in South Asia.

Q. No. 3. Trace the history of the Muslim conquests of present day Pakistan areas highlighting their
contributions in transforming the society and culture.

Q. No. 4. What was the contribution of the Muslim Press in the struggle for creation of Pakistan? Examine
the role of prominent Muslim Journalists in this regard.

Q. No. 5. Compare the socio-economic and political conditions of the Muslims and non-Muslims at the advent
of British rule in South Asia.

Q. No. 6. Elucidate the difficulties in establishment of Islamic Order in Pakistan after independence.

Q. No. 7. “The Twentieth Century witnessed the war for oil. The Twenty-first century will witness the war
for water”. Examine the practical implications of this statement on situation of Pakistan.

Q. No. 8. Through Allama Iqbal’s writings and views of Quaid-i-Azam explain their conceptual
understanding about the Islamic State. Do you agree that their vision found some place while
explaining the constitutional developments throughout the case of Pakistan’s political history?

********************
PAKISTAN AFFAIRS (2014)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Highlight the factors which played significant role in the evolution and growth of Muslim society
in the Sub-continent.

Q. No. 3. Evaluate the impact of the services rendered by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan towards the regeneration of
the Muslims.

Q. No. 4. Briefly describe the genuine factors which were responsible for the demand of separate homeland by
the Muslims of the Sub-continent.

30 | P a g e
Q. No. 5. “The Simla Deputation, 1906, laid the foundation for the creation of Pakistan”. Substantiate your
view point with solid arguments.

Q. No. 6. Give a critical analysis of the steps taken for Islamization in Pakistan since 1947.

Q. No. 7. “Population explosion in Pakistan is emerging as the greatest threat to the economy of Pakistan”.
Comment.

Q. No. 8. “Pakistan can become one of the richest countries in the world, if we make the best use of our natural
resources”. Elaborate in the light of the present situation of the country.

********************
PAKISTAN AFFAIRS (2015)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. “Sir Syed Ahmad Khan was in no-way Pro-British”. Agree or disagree, answer your question with
arguments.

Q. No. 3. “It was over reaction of Hindus to the partition of the Bengal in 1905 that widened the gulf between
Muslims and Hindus. Comment.

Q. No. 4. “Khilafat Movement was an emotional movement”. Discuss.

Q. No. 5. “Separation of East Pakistan, though a tragic part of History of Pakistan, was not the negation of
Two Nation Theory”. Comment.

Q. No. 6. Briefly discuss the main features of cultural heritage of Pakistan.

Q. No. 7. Was Islamization during Zia era a need of Pakistan or was it a political propaganda?

Q. No. 8. Critically evaluate the role of Pakistan in the “War on Terror”

********************
PAKISTAN AFFAIRS (2016)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Give an account of the life and services of Shah Wali Ullah. How did he save the Indian Muslims
from political annihilation and religious degeneration?

Q. No. 3. The Aligarh Movement was a pure educational venture but it had deep impacts on Indian politics.
Discuss.

Q. No. 4. Critically analyze the elections of 1937 and the sufferings and grievances of the Muslims under the
Congress rule in the provinces (1937-1939). How much did it help in popularizing the idea of a
separate Muslim state in India?

Q. No. 5. Jinnah in his presidential address to the annual session of ALL INDIAN MUSLIM LEAGUE in
March 1940 said, “The problem in India is not of an inter-communal character, but manifestly of

31 | P a g e
 an International one, and it must be treated as such”. Write note on the Two Nation Theory and
the Lahore Resolution of March 1940 in the light of this statement.

Q. No. 6. Write note on the post 9/11 foreign policy of Pakistan. What role do you foresee for Pakistan in
regional and global politics in the near future?

Q. No. 7. Discuss the Kashmir problem in its entirety; throwing light on its background and prospects of
possible solutions to this core issue between India and Pakistan.

Q. No. 8. Write note on the Afghan War since 1979 and its impacts on Pakistan. How far the emergence of
the “Non-State Actors” and Non-traditional Security Threats in Pakistan can be attributed to the
decades-long warfare in Afghanistan?

********************
PAKISTAN AFFAIRS (2017)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Pakistan’s national culture reflects unity in diversity. Elaborate.

Q. No. 3. Describe the role of Judiciary in the constitutional development of Pakistan.

Q. No. 4. CPEC is a flagship project of One Belt One Road (OBOR) and a regional game changer. Explain.

Q. No. 5. Explore the significance of Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) for Pakistan.

Q. No. 6. Enumerate the measures adopted by HEC for promotion of higher education and qualitative research
in Pakistan.

Q. No. 7. Explore the option of alternative energy resources to overcome energy crisis in Pakistan.

Q. No. 8. How General Elections in 2002, 2008, and 2013 strengthened democracy in Pakistan?

********************
PAKISTAN AFFAIRS (2018)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Critically evaluate the foundations of Allama Iqbal’s concept of Muslim separatism in the context
of Indo-Pak Subcontinent.

Q. No. 3. Discuss the 3rd June Plan or Mountbatten Plan and also describe how it was implemented?

Q. No. 4. Describe the political system of Pakistan. Which form of government is suitable to make country
politically stable?

Q. No. 5. Define Non-State Actors. “Non-state actors are poising more threat to Pakistan’s national security
than threats from eternal state actors”. Argue in favour or against.

Q. No. 6. Discuss the nature of centre-province relations under the 1973 Constitution.

32 | P a g e
Q. No. 7. Discuss the changing trends in Pakistan- US relations since 2001.

Q. No. 8. There is crisis of national integration in Pakistan since its creation. What measures do you suggest
for the promotion of national integration of Pakistan?

********************
PAKISTAN AFFAIRS (2019)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Critically examine Congress Ministries of 1937. How far it is correct to suggest that it paved the
way for a separate Muslim homeland in India?

Q. No. 3. How far the nature of Centre-Province relations has changed under various amendments to the
1973 Constitution? Evaluate.

Q. No. 4. What major economic challenges are being faced by Pakistan? What recommendations do you
suggest to deal with these issues?

Q. No. 5. “The population growth in Pakistan can erupt like an atomic bomb”. Comment.

Q. No. 6. What are the main causes of the energy crisis in Pakistan? What measures do you recommend to
address it?

Q. No. 7. Critically analyze the key causes of delaying construction of DAMS in Pakistan. Give some
suggestions to revert this collateral loss.

Q. No. 8. Efficient use of its natural resources can make Pakistan a prosperous nation. Discuss in the light of
present situation of Pakistan.

********************
PAKISTAN AFFAIRS (2020)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. How the reform movement of Shaikh Ahmad Sirhindi influenced the history of Muslim India?

Q. No. 3. China, Pakistan-Russia cooperation will find suitable support mechanism in Shanghai Cooperation
Organization (SCO). Elaborate.

Q. No. 4. What are the major provisions of Simla Agreement (1972) between Pakistan and India? How it was
helpful for establishment of durable peace in the region?

Q. No. 5. What is meant by the term “Proxy War”? Are there any extrinsic factors to play in the internal
security situation of Pakistan?

Q. No. 6. Discuss the main features of Political culture of Pakistan.

Q. No. 7. Pakistan’s energy crisis was due to the lack of strategy and Political will. Discuss.

33 | P a g e
Q. No. 8. Discuss revival of Pak-US relations in context of present US – Taliban peace process.

********************

34 | P a g e
 FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMISSION
COMPETATIVE XAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BPS-17
UNDER THE FEDRAL GOVERNAMENT, 2016

CRIMINOLOGY

(PART-I) 30 MINUTES MAXIMUM MARKS : 20

TIME ALLOWED
(PART-II) 2 HOURS & 30 MINUTES MAXIMUM MARKS : 80
i. Part-II is to be attempted on the separate ANSWER BOOK.
ii. Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II by selecting ONE question from
EACH SECTION. ALL questions carry EQUAL marks.
iii. All the parts (if any) of each Question must be attempted at one place instead of at
NOTE: different places.
iv. Write Q. No. in the Answer Book in accordance with Q. No. in the Q. Paper.
v. No Page/Space be left blank between the answers. All the blank Pages of Answer Book
must be crosses.
vi. Extra attempt of any question or any part of the question will not be considered.

PART- II
Section I

Q. No. 2. Explain the nature and importance of Criminology in detail.

Q. No. 3. Define the term Crime and Criminals. Explain the types of Criminals in detail.

Section II

Q. No. 4. Write a note on the role of Crime Control Agencies.

Q. No. 5. Define the term Probation and discuss the conditions of Probation.

Section III

Q. No. 6. Enlist and discuss the principles of Criminal Investigation.

Q. No. 7. Discuss in detail the “Interviewing and Interrogation Techniques” of Investigation.

Section IV

Q. No. 8. Write a detailed note on Cyber Crime.

Q. No. 9. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:

(a) Money Laundering

35 | P a g e
 (b) White-Collar Crime

(c) Criminal Law

********************
CRIMINOLOGY (2017)
PART- II
Section I

Q. No. 2. Write a critical note on the increasing importance of Criminology in Pakistan.

Also discuss the historical development of Criminology as a scientific discipline.

Q. No. 3. Enlist the Criminological perspective. Briefly describe the three Criminological perspectives on the
study of Crime and Criminal behavior.

Section II

Q. No. 4. Write a comprehensive note on the Juvenile Justice System of Pakistan.

Suggest measures for the improvement of Juvenile Justice System of Pakistan.

Q. No. 5. Write short notes on:

(a) Causes of Juvenile Delinquency of Pakistan
(b) Probation and Parole

Section III

Q. No. 6. Write a comprehensive note on the principles of Criminal Investigation. Illustrate with examples
from Pakistan.

Q. No. 7. Elaborate importance of legal and ethical guidelines for the criminal investigation of gender based
crimes. Support your answer with example from Pakistan.

Section IV

Q. No. 8. Write a critical note on the role of law enforcement agencies in the control of terrorism in Pakistan.
Suggest measures to minimize radicalization in Pakistan.

Q. No. 9. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Money Laundering in Pakistan

(b) Gender and Crime

********************

36 | P a g e
 CRIMINOLOGY (2018)
PART- II
Section I

Q. No. 2. Define Criminology. Discuss the scope of Criminology in Pakistan.

Q. No. 3. What is the Islamic perspective on crime and punishment? Explain your answer with the help of
proper examples.

Section II

Q. No. 4. What is Juvenile Delinquency? Explain the nature, extent and causes of Juvenile Delinquency in
Pakistan. Suggest remedial measures for reducing Juvenile Delinquency in Pakistan.

Q. No. 5. Trace back the history and development of Police Organization in Pakistan.

Section III

Q. No. 6. What is Criminal Investigation? Explain the key principles of criminal investigation.

Q. No. 7. To what extent Interpol has been successful in reducing organized crime at international level.
Discuss.

Section IV

Q. No. 8. Intelligence-led policing has become an effective model of policing in tackling organized crime.
Discuss the background and key principles of intelligence-led policing.

Q. No. 9. Discuss the laws and institutional arrangements for controlling money laundering in Pakistan.

********************
CRIMINOLOGY (2019)
PART- II
Section I

Q. No. 2. Travis Hirschi argued that crime results when an individual’s bond to society is weak or broken.
Discuss in detail what this theory of social bonding explains about crime.

Q. No. 3. Discuss the fundamental postulates of Edwin Sutherland’s Differential Association Theory with
examples.

Section II

Q. No. 4. Discuss some of the functions and responsibilities of Juvenile Justice System. Do you believe that
Juvenile Justice has played its role in in prevention of Juvenile crimes in Pakistan?

37 | P a g e
Q. No. 5. How far recidivism has been limited by the institution of Prison? Explain some of the modern
strategies used in prison for the restoration and reintegration of criminals.
Section III

Q. No. 6. Define and differentiate interviewing and interrogation techniques. How far human rights of
criminals are being violated during the interrogation process?

Q. No. 7. How the forensic science is a helpful tool in the modern day for determining and detection of violent
crimes?

Section IV

Q. No. 8. Cybercrime is increasing at national and international levels. Suggest some measures to control this
kind of crime.

Q. No. 9. How do violent crimes affect social fabric of Pakistan Society? Discuss some of the modern policing
strategies for prevention and control of the violent crimes in Pakistan.

********************
CRIMINOLOGY (2020)
PART- II
Section I

Q. No. 2. What is your opinion on the nature vs nurture debate in Criminology?

Q. No. 3. Define and explain the following concepts:

(a) Left realism and right realism
(b) Phrenology and Physiognomy
(c) Corporal punishment and Capital punishment
(d) Sociology of Law, Criminal Etiology and Phenology

Section II

Q. No. 4. Write a comprehensive note on the risk and protective factors of Juvenile Delinquency in Pakistan.

Q. No. 5. What is recidivism? What kind of institutional modern strategies could be used for the reintegration
of the Criminals in Pakistan?

Section III

Q. No. 6. Define Criminal Investigation and its principles. Highlight with examples the modern of modern
techniques used for crime detection in Pakistan.

38 | P a g e
Q. No. 7. The International Criminal Police Organization- ICPO, INTERPOL- was founded in 1914 with
the founding principles to coordinate efforts relating to International Police Cooperation. How do
you see the role of INTERPOL for reducing money laundering with special reference to Pakistan?

Section IV

Q. No. 8. Explain the institutional corrections and alternative community corrections strategies in detail.
Support your answer with examples where appropriate.

Q. No. 9. Keeping in view the social learning perspective in criminology, discuss how terrorists use internet
as a tool to reinforce their ideology among youth in Pakistan?

***************

39 | P a g e
 FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMISSION
COMPETATIVE XAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BPS-17
UNDER THE FEDRAL GOVERNAMENT, 2020

USA HISTORY

(PART-I) 30 MINUTES MAXIMUM MARKS : 20

TIME ALLOWED
(PART-II) 2 HOURS & 30 MINUTES MAXIMUM MARKS : 80
i. Part-II is to be attempted on the separate ANSWER BOOK.
ii. Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II by selecting ONE question from
EACH SECTION. ALL questions carry EQUAL marks.
iii. All the parts (if any) of each Question must be attempted at one place instead of at
NOTE: different places.
iv. Write Q. No. in the Answer Book in accordance with Q. No. in the Q. Paper.
v. No Page/Space be left blank between the answers. All the blank Pages of Answer Book
must be crosses.
vi. Extra attempt of any question or any part of the question will not be considered.

PART- II

Q. No. 2. Amongst the Congress, the Judiciary, and the Executive branches of the United States Government,
which one of the government branches is much powerful and why? Elaborate through the prism of
the US Separation of Powers and Checks and Balance systems.

Q. No. 3. Even though the Great Britain and the United States of America fought a Revolutionary War in the
1770s and the War of 1812, how did the two powers come closer in the later parts of the nineteenth
centuries? Elaborate.

Q. No. 4. How did the American-Spanish War in 1898 raise the United States status as one of the leading
world powers?

Q. No. 5. After the end of WWI (1914-1918), why the U. S. President Woodrow Wilson failed to convince the
U. S. Congress to become part of the League of the Nations despite his longstanding efforts for the
creation of this International Organization through the prism of his Fourteen Points?

Q. No. 6. In the wake of the WWII (1939-1945), two major powers the U. S. and the Soviet Union emerged
constituting a bipolar system. Elaborate conceptually if the bipolar world remained more peaceful
and stable than the multi-polar world in the pre-World Wars era.

Q. No. 7. Since the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) in 1949, why the United
States desires to further expand NATO? Elaborat4e opportunities and challenges for the expansion
of the NATO.

40 | P a g e
Q. No. 8. The tectonic plates of International Politics seem to shift away from Europe to the Asia-Pacific
region, which the U.S. President Barak Obama had termed as a “pivot to Asia” or “rebalancing”
strategy. In the light of changing geo-strategic environment, how could you see the rise of China
vis-à-vis the U.S. geo-strategic interests in the Asia Pacific region?

********************
U.S.A. HISTORY (2019)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. What were the economic challenges President Clinton faced in post-Cold-War era? How did he deal
with these challenges?

Q. No. 3. What were the factors which lead to the formation of New England Confederation of Massachusetts
Bay, Plymouth, Connecticut and New Haven Colonies, in 1643?

Q. No. 4. Critically evaluate the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt with reference to his accomplishment
and failure.

Q. No. 5. The Westward Expansion was a story of annexations, concessions and purchases, since the
declaration of Independence. Discuss.

Q. No. 6. American Civil War (1860-1865) was an outcome of ‘clash of economic interests as well as social
ideals’. Elaborate with arguments.

Q. No. 7. What are the features of recent wave of Nationalism in American Foreign Policy under Trump
Administration?

Q. No. 8. Discuss the philosophy of “Non-Violence” with reference to Civil Rights Movement led by Martin
Luther King Jr.

********************
U.S.A. HISTORY (2018)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. What is variance between the Treaties of Paris in 1763 and 1783? Elaborate their significance effect
on the U. S.

Q. No. 3. Why American Colonists did criticized the Stamp Act of 1765? What was the Stamp Act Crisis and
its repercussions on U. S. society?

Q. No. 4. Discuss the factors that have contributed to the amended status of American women with a special
allusion to the Modern Feminism.

Q. No. 5. Critically trace the African American Struggle for Equality and how many of them rose to the
highest office?

Q. No. 6. Trace out the reasons of U. S. economy augmentation in the post W.W II era.

41 | P a g e
Q. No. 7. “New U. S. Afghan Policy may push Pakistan towards China”. Assess the observation in perception
of the current deteriorating U.S-Pakistan relations.

Q. No. 8. Write an all-inclusive note on the beginning and end of the Cold-War.

********************
U.S.A. HISTORY (2017)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Discuss in detail the impact of British advent in USA.

Q. No. 3. Write a critical note on the formation and structure of the USA Constitution.

Q. No. 4. What factors led USA to emerge as a big power after the World War II?

Q. No. 5. Discuss the Muslims’ perception of the USA.

Q. No. 6. Highlight the role played by USA in some major International Conflicts.

Q. No. 7. Examine the merits and demerits of the US Election System to elect President.

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:

(a) Woodrow Wilson as President
(b) Pakistan and USA relations after 9/11
(c) Expansion of USA during 1900-1949

********************
U.S.A. HISTORY (2016)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. The American Revolution was the child of Enlightenment. Comment.

Q. No. 3. Discuss in detail the causes and effects of the Great Depression on the people and society of the
United States of America.

Q. No. 4. How urban life was affected in USA during first two stages of Industrialization?

Q. No. 5. What factors led blacks to start the Civil Rights Movements? Discuss the role of Courts and State
in giving rights to the blacks.

Q. No. 6. What economic problems were faced by Ronald Reagan and how his government dealt with economic
crisis?

Q. No. 7. “The British Doctrine is the name given to a set of Foreign Policy guidelines”. Comment.

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:

42 | P a g e
 (a) Dollar Diplomacy
(b) Eisenhower Doctrine
(c) U-2 Incident

********************
U.S.A. HISTORY (2015)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Since the Declaration of Independence, the Westward Expansion was a story of annexations,
concessions and purchases. Discuss.

Q. No. 3. Discuss the trends and causes leading to the expansion of Federal Government’s Power in the U.S.

Q. No. 4. What are the sources of Revenues and Funds of government in the U.S.? Is it true to say that the
Americans pay taxes for civic facilities?

Q. No. 5. Compare the Lockean Philosophy with the American Political Thought.

Q. No. 6. Evaluate the U. S. invasion of Iraq in 2003. How far the American policymakers remained successful
in achieving their goals?

Q. No. 7. In what respect did the philosophy and rationale of Jacksonian Democracy differ from those of
Jeffersonian?

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:

(a) Federal Securities
(b) Natural Aristocracy of Thomas Jefferson
(c) Monroe Doctrine

********************
U.S.A. HISTORY (2014)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Discuss the conditions that led Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Connecticut and New Haven
Colonies to form the New England Confederation in 1643.

Q. No. 3. It is said that between the two great wars- The American Civil War and the First World War,
America transformed. Discuss how a rural republic transformed into an urban nation in less than
50 years?

Q. No. 4. The Declaration of Independence in 1776 actually shapes the way American live their lives. Discuss.

Q. No. 5. Richard Nixon had many accomplishments as well as failures as the President of the U. S. Critically
evaluate.

43 | P a g e
Q. No. 6. The U. S. President can quite literally be called the President of world. Examine the statement in
the light of the events of the late 20th and early 21st Centuries.

Q. No. 7. Did the U. S. succeed in its attempt to create a New World Order at the end of the Cold War.?
Discuss with Arguments.

Q. No. 8. Write concise NOTES on any TWO of the following:

(a) George Washington
(b) Desert Storm
(c) Tammany Hall

********************
U.S.A. HISTORY (2013)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Discuss Thomas Jefferson as President, politician and political theorist.

Q. No. 3. Discuss the impact of Jackson presidency on American politics of the time.

Q. No. 4. Examine the events and developments that pushed the American Nation towards the Civil War.

Q. No. 5. Discuss the internal and external factors that let the U.S. on an imperialist path at the end of the
19th Century.

Q. No. 6. Discuss the American efforts to build a New World Order after the end of the Cold War. Comment
on its success or failure.

Q. No. 7. Critically examine U. S. role as a peace maker in the post-Cold War era, with particular reference
to the Balkans and South Asia.

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:

(a) Benjamin Franklin
(b) Marbury vs Madison
(c) Korean War
(d) Watergate Scandal

********************
U.S.A. HISTORY (2012)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. “The American first war with Britain made the Independent; the second made them a formidable
power”. Discuss.

44 | P a g e
Q. No. 3. What were the tribulations of the U.S. President Woodrow Wilson in the post-WW I era to convince
the other three associates to his own point of view?

Q. No. 4. Trace out the grounds of augmentation of the U. S. financial system in the post-WW II epoch.

Q. No. 5. Critically evaluate Richard Nixon’s accomplishments and failures during his presidency.

Q. No. 6. Write a comprehensive note on Civil Rights Movement with a particular mention to the American
Women and the Blacks.

Q. No. 7. Will the 21st Century as well be an American Century or will the U. S. be obscured by new
superpowers like China or the European Union?

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:

(a) The beginning and the end of the Cold War
(b) What was the Dulles Doctrine?
(c) The Japanese American Internment
(d) The Modern Feminism in the U. S. A.

********************
U.S.A. HISTORY (2011)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Some American Historians insist that the American Revolution was a social upheaval as well as
political revolt. Discuss the social and economic results of the Revolutionary Years.

Q. No. 3. In what ways did the philosophy and purposes of Jacksonian Democracy differ from those of the
Jeffersonian Democrats?

Q. No. 4. Give an estimate of the tenure of Harry S. Truman with particular reference to Cold War.

Q. No. 5. Discuss evolution of Muslim community in the U. S.

Q. No. 6. Discuss U. S. financial crises and Obama policy to put the house in order.

Q. No. 7. Discuss American Foreign Policy towards Afghanistan since 9/11 and her exit strategy.

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:

(a) The Atlantic Charter
(b) The Monroe Doctrine
(c) War of 1812
(d) Malcolm-X

********************

45 | P a g e
 U.S.A. HISTORY (2010)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Discuss the factors that led to the War of American Independence. Also analyze the reasons for the
growing popularity of Independence.

Q. No. 3. Discuss the struggle between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists in America (1787-1800). What
were their respective political and economic ideas?

Q. No. 4. “President Andrew Jackson was a People’s President”. Discuss.

Q. No. 5. The American Constitution is a system of “Checks and Balances”. Discuss.

Q. No. 6. What do you know about the Water Gate Scandal? What lessons the American national had learnt
from it?

Q. No. 7. Write comprehensively on the American Foreign Policy towards Pakistan in the light of 9/11 and
War on Terror.

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:

(a) George Washington
(b) The issue of Slavery
(c) The Great Depression
(d) U-Z Incident

********************
U.S.A. HISTORY (2009)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Why England failed to take the initiative in the Colonization of the American Continent? What
factors were responsible for the British interest in establishing their colonies in the areas that are
now part of the United States of America?

Q. No. 3. What were the major flaws in the Confederation (the 1st constitution of the United States of
America) that led to the Philadelphia Convention and the drafting of a new constitution? Discuss
the salient features of the present constitution of the United States of America.

Q. No. 4. Thomas Jefferson was termed “a bull in the china closet” by the Federalists when he became the
President of the United States of America but his policies and performance negated this impression.
Discuss.

Q. No. 5. Discuss the major factors responsible for the ‘sectional divide’ between the Northern and the
Southern States of the United States of America that finally led to the American Civil War.

Q. No. 6. Discuss in details the causes and effects of the Great Depression on the people and society of the
United States of America.

46 | P a g e
Q. No. 7. Write a comprehensive note on the Black Civil Rights Movement in America for equal Civil Rights
and the role played in it by different individuals and organizations.

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:

(a) The Truman Doctrine and the Marshal Plan
(b) The Watergate Scandal
(c) The Scandals and Controversies involving President William Jefferson Bill Clinton
(d) The U. S. Foreign Policy in the light of 9/11 and the War on Terror

********************
U.S.A. HISTORY (2008)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Describe in detail the Colonial Period in the history of United States of America.

Q. No. 3. Describe the reasons that lead to the War of Independence. What part did the dislike of Mercantilism
play in this War?

Q. No. 4. What developments lead to the War of 1812? How did the War increase American prestige?

Q. No. 5. Jackson has been called the first Modern President because he was the first to see the power which a
President might exercise. Discuss.

Q. No. 6. Give the salient features of the Constitution of the USA.

Q. No. 7. How has the American Foreign Policy strategy been altered by America’s War on Terror? How has
this influenced American relations with Pakistan?

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:

(a) FDR and the New Deal
(b) Andrew Jackson
(c) The Bush Doctrine
(d) TRUMAN’s statement on fundamentals of American Foreign Policy in 1945

********************
U.S.A. HISTORY (2007)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. What were the factors that ushered in the democratic era and the rise of the common man with the
election of Andrew Jackson to the presidency in 1928?

Q. No. 3. Was the institution of Slavery in the Southern States responsible for the Civil War? Discuss with
examples.

47 | P a g e
Q. No. 4. How did Jeffersonian Democratic thinking differ in philosophy and purpose from the Jacksonian
Democracy?

Q. No. 5. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1933 said “This great nation will endure as it has endured, will
revive and prosper”. Explain in light of the FDR presidency and the New Deal.

Q. No. 6. President Woodrow Wilson said in 1917 “The world must be made safe for democracy. Its peace
must be planted upon tested foundations of political liberty. We have no selfish ends to serve. We
desire no conquest, no dominion…..” Discuss what you consider to be the main reason for the
United States entry into World War I. Give reasons of your choice.

Q. No. 7. The Bush Doctrine is the name given to a set of Foreign Policy guidelines first unveiled by President
George Bush in his commencement speech to the graduating class of West Point given on June,1,
2002. Explain with arguments.

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:

(a) Navigation Act of 1660
(b) The Declaration of Independence
(c) The Monroe Doctrine
(d) The War on Terror

********************
U.S.A. HISTORY (2006)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. “The American War of Independence was a revolt against Mercantilism”. Discuss.

Q. No. 3. Write comprehensively about the struggle between the Federalists and Anti-Federalists from 1787
to 1800 in the USA.

Q. No. 4. “President Andrew Jackson was a people’s president”. Discuss.

Q. No. 5. How do you think the Foreign Policy of USA concerning Europe and Japan between the two World
Wars can be held responsible for the World War II?

Q. No. 6. Describe the salient features of the Constitution of the USA.

Q. No. 7. Discuss briefly the USA relations with Pakistan from the earliest time.

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:

(a) The Issue of Slavery in USA
(b) The Great Depression 1929
(c) President F. D. Roosevelt
(d) The Cold War

48 | P a g e
 ********************
U.S.A. HISTORY (2005)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Some American Historians insist that the American Revolution was a social upheaval as well as
political revolt. Discuss the social and economic results of the Revolutionary Years.

Q. No. 3. What is Monroe Doctrine? On what occasions has it been enforced and with what results?

Q. No. 4. Assess the contribution of President Woodrow Wilson to the problem of world peace and security.

Q. No. 5. Compare and contrast the views of each of the following towards the institution of slavery in the
United States.
(a) Charles Summer (b) Stephen A. Douglas (c) Abraham Lincoln

Q. No. 6. Highlight salient aspects of American Foreign Policy since World War II.

Q. No. 7. What do you understand by “Manifest Destiny”? What fruits it bore in the shape of expansion of
United States of America.

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:

(a) Compromise of 1850
(b) Jay’s Treaty
(c) War with England 1812
(d) NATO

********************
U.S.A. HISTORY (2004)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Explain the characteristics of Colonial assemblies and representative government from 1776 to
1789.

Q. No. 3. Discuss Jefferson’s decision to purchase the Louisiana Territory, and explain the political and
economic impact of this decision on the United States.

Q. No. 4. What are the salient features of Andrew Jackson’s Presidency and Democracy?

Q. No. 5. Account for America’s emergence as an imperialist-colonialist power after 1898.

Q. No. 6. Woodrow Wilson had said “We had a chance to gain the leadership of the world. We have lost it,
and soon we shall be witnessing the tragedy of it all”. Comment upon America’s attitude towards
Treaty of Versailles.

49 | P a g e
Q. No. 7. After World War II, the dominant focus of the U. S. policy had been anti-Communism on global
scale. Discuss.

Q. No. 8. Write short analytical notes on any TWO of the following:

(a) Progressive Movement
(b) Watergate Scandal
(c) President F. D. Roosevelt
(d) Issue of Slavery in America

********************
U.S.A. HISTORY (2003)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Americans are called a ‘Nation of Nations’. Very briefly describe the different waves of immigrants
that comes to the U. S. Has America been a “melting pot” or a “mixing bowl”?

Q. No. 3. The America Revolution was the child of enlightenment. Comment.

Q. No. 4. Who were FEDERALISTAS? What were their political views and economic vision for the U.S.?

Q. No. 5. American Civil War (1860-1865) was a clash of economic interests as well as of Social Ideals.
Elaborate.

Q. No. 6. Between 1877 and 1900, the American society was transformed from being agrarian and rural to
being industrial and urban. What factors and forces helped to bring about this change?

Q. No. 7. Write short analytical notes on any TWO of the following:

(a) POPULISM of the 1890s (b) The Jazz Age
(c) McCarthyism (d) U.S War on Terrorism
Q. No. 8. The NEW DEAL was to save capitalism but ironically it was denounced by the Capitalist Class.
Why?

********************
U.S.A. HISTORY (2002)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. In what ways did the philosophy and purpose of Jacksonian Democracy differ from those of the
Jeffersonian Democrats?

Q. No. 3. One of the bitterest fruits of Westward Expansion was the intensification of the slavery controversy.
Do you agree with this statement? Support your answer with specific incidents.

Q. No. 4. Evaluate the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt.

50 | P a g e
Q. No. 5. ‘The United States would do whatever it is able to do to assist in the return of normal economic
health in the world, without which there can be no political stability and no assured peace. Discuss
in the light of Marshall Plan.

Q. No. 6. Discuss “War against Terror” as an instrument of U. S. Foreign Policy.

Q. No. 7. Since the Declaration of Independence, Westward Expansion is a story of annexations, concessions
and purchases. Elaborate.

Q. No. 8. Write short NOTES on any TWO of the following:

(a) Missouri Compromise 1820
(b) Wilson’s Fourteen Points
(c) Truman Doctrine
(d) New World Order

********************
U.S.A. HISTORY (2001)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. The American Constitution is a system of “Checks and Balances”. Discuss.

Q. No. 3. Thomas Jefferson described his election to the American Presidency in 1800 as “The Second
American Revolution”. Was the claim justified? Support your answer with evidence.

Q. No. 4. Critically examine the significance of the issues of Slavery in American history.

Q. No. 5. Discuss the progress of the Progressive Movement in the United Sates between 1900-1916.

Q. No. 6. Evaluate the Presidency of the Abraham Lincoln.

Q. No. 7. Evaluate briefly America’s political and military involvement in Iraq since Iran-Iraq War.

Q. No. 8. Write short NOTES on any TWO of the following:

(a) Impact of the tragic terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 on World Trade Centre
(b) Watergate Scandal
(c) Woodrow Wilson
(d) Monroe Doctrine

********************

51 | P a g e
 FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMISSION
COMPETATIVE XAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BPS-17
UNDER THE FEDRAL GOVERNAMENT, 2016

GENDER STUDIES

(PART-I) 30 MINUTES MAXIMUM MARKS : 20

TIME ALLOWED
(PART-II) 2 HOURS & 30 MINUTES MAXIMUM MARKS : 80
i. Part-II is to be attempted on the separate ANSWER BOOK.
ii. Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II by selecting ONE question from
EACH SECTION. ALL questions carry EQUAL marks.
iii. All the parts (if any) of each Question must be attempted at one place instead of at
NOTE: different places.
iv. Write Q. No. in the Answer Book in accordance with Q. No. in the Q. Paper.
v. No Page/Space be left blank between the answers. All the blank Pages of Answer Book
must be crosses.
vi. Extra attempt of any question or any part of the question will not be considered.

PART- II

Q. No. 2. Write note on the status of women’s studies in Pakistan and give your views on the
autonomy/integration debate in Women’s Studies.

Q. No. 3. What are the sites and forms of violence against women in Pakistan and how in your view this
menace can be eliminated from our society?

Q. No. 4. What are the pros and cons of gender quota in politics? Give your views on the impact of gender
quota in politics in Pakistan.

Q. No. 5. Write a note on women’s movement in Pakistan. What are its strength and weaknesses?

Q. No. 6. What are the theories of social construction of gender?

Q. No. 7. What is feminism? In what way Radical feminism is different from Socialist Feminism?

Q. No. 8. Critically review the Gender and Development Approaches on the following:
(a) Women in Development
(b) Women and Development
(c) Gender and Development

********************

52 | P a g e
 GENDER STUDIES (2017)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Define and discuss the discipline of gender studies and also differentiate between women
studies and gender studies.

Q. No. 3. What are the different forms of gender based violence and, in your opinion, what could be the
workable strategies to eliminate gender based violence from Pakistani society?

Q. No. 4. “Women active political participation could stabilize democracy and boost economic development”.
Comment on this statement within context of socio-economic realities of Pakistani society.

Q. No. 5. What is the status of Women’s health in Pakistan? How it could be improved within the available
economic resources?

Q. No. 6. “Powerful forces of globalization have highlighted various gender issues across cultures and
throughout the globe”. Discuss by quoting examples from developing countries.

Q. No. 7. Write a comprehensive note on autonomy versus integration debate in gender studies.

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Honor Killing
(b) Gender and Development

********************
GENDER STUDIES (2018)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. What are the fundamental differences between Gender Studies and Women’s Studies? Substantiate
your argument(s) with examples. Highlight the current status of women studies in Pakistan.

Q. No. 3. Write a comprehensive essay on the “sex versus gender debate” in feminist philosophy and social
sciences, reflecting nature versus nurture argument.

Q. No. 4. What type(s) of feminism can elevate the social-cultural, economic and political status of women in
Pakistan?

Q. No. 5. What are the reasons responsible for ranking Pakistan as the second-worst country in the world for
gender inequality despite Pakistan commitment to many international conventions and strong
equality in 1973 constitution?

Q. No. 6. In the last two decades, globalization has had a huge impact on the lives of women in developing
nations, including Pakistan. What are the impacts of global political economy on Pakistani women?

Q. No. 7. Believing in the statement that “women cover half the sky”, do you think we need equal number of
women in all spheres of public domain, especially in politics?

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Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:
(a) ‘Gender Strategic Needs’ and ‘Gender Practical Needs’
(b) APWA and WAF
(c) Government initiative for combating the menace of violence against women

********************
GENDER STUDIES (2019)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. How do you differentiate the discipline of Gender Studies from that of Women Studies? Historically
trace the need for the establishment of Gender Studies as a distinct discipline and its scope and
significance with special reference to Pakistan.

Q. No. 3. Outline and explain the three major waves of feminist movements in the West. Discuss the influence
of the waves on feminist movements in Pakistan.

Q. No. 4. Explain the relevance of Modernization Theory and Dependency Theory to gender equality.
Critically analyze the subordination of women in modern societies in the light of these two theories.

Q. No. 5. The process of globalization has connected nations worldwide and has made the world a global
village, yet it has also increased inequalities across nations. Discuss the gendered inequalities
created and promoted by the process of globalization in contemporary societies worldwide.

Q. No. 6. Women’s participation in labor force has increased recently yet women continue to perform their
reproductive roles. Discuss the challenges encountered by women as a result of their paid
employment worldwide with special reference to Pakistan.

Q. No. 7. Explain the structural and direct forms violence against women in the Pakistani society by
highlighting the case study of the Mukhtaran Mai.

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on any TWO of the following:

(a) Suffragist Movement
(b) Postmodern Feminism
(c) Structural Functionalism

********************
GENDER STUDIES (2020)
PART- II

Q. No. 2. Gender has multiple meanings. How do you deconstruct the word “GENDER”.

Q. No. 3. How the colonial era influenced the status of women in subcontinent?

Q. No. 4. “Language is gendered”, what does this imply? Explain with examples.

54 | P a g e
Q. No. 5. Women need to be in leadership position to pull more women into leadership roles. Is this
suggestion that women need to “pull each other up” a useful one, or is that inappropriate
preferential treatment.

Q. No. 6. “For realizing, in letter and spirit, the ideals of a democratic welfare state, it is necessary to institute
a system which fully guarantees human rights, generates conducive environment for the pragmatic
use and beneficial enjoyment of human rights and provides operative safeguards and expeditious
remedy against any violation of human rights”. Critically evaluate the statement with special
reference to Pakistan.

Q. No. 7. Comment on the power and control relationship in gender based violence.

Q. No. 8. Discuss the background of the two Oscar winning documentaries by Sharmeen Oboid.

********************

55 | P a g e
 FEDERAL PUBLIC SERVICE COMISSION
COMPETATIVE XAMINATION FOR
RECRUITMENT TO POSTS IN BPS-17
UNDER THE FEDRAL GOVERNAMENT, 2001

POLITICAL SCIENCE

(PART-I) 30 MINUTES MAXIMUM MARKS : 20

TIME ALLOWED
(PART-II) 2 HOURS & 30 MINUTES MAXIMUM MARKS : 80
i. Part-II is to be attempted on the separate ANSWER BOOK.
ii. Attempt ONLY FOUR questions from PART-II by selecting TWO question from
EACH SECTION. ALL questions carry EQUAL marks.
iii. All the parts (if any) of each Question must be attempted at one place instead of at
NOTE: different places.
iv. Write Q. No. in the Answer Book in accordance with Q. No. in the Q. Paper.
v. No Page/Space be left blank between the answers. All the blank Pages of Answer Book
must be crosses.
vi. Extra attempt of any question or any part of the question will not be considered.

PAPER -I
Section-1

Q. No. 2. It is said that Hegel’s dialectic theory was standing on its head but Marx has reversed it. Discuss
this statement.

Q. No. 3. Explain Plato’s Theory of Justice. How he tries to implement it through the Education System?

Q. No. 4. Explain Allama Iqbal’s Concept of Nationalism. Do you agree that it developed through a lengthy
process of evolution?

Q. No. 5. “Farabi was much inspired by Plato in his setting up of Ideal City, or the Model State”. Discuss.

Section-2

Q. No. 6. Keeping in view the concept of Shura in Islam, Which system of government you suggest for an
Islamic State - Presidential, Parliamentary, or any other? Explain your answer in detail, especially
with reference to the practical problems.

Q. No. 7. Write a critical note on “Devolution of Power Plan 2000”. Explain also its positive as well as
negative points as compared to the previous system local government in Pakistan.

Q. No. 8. Explain the general reason of military intervention in politics in the developing countries of the
world. What precautionary measures you suggest to avoid such situations?

56 | P a g e
 PAPER -II
Section-1
Q. No. 2. “Power corrupts and absolute power corrupts absolutely”. Through what mechanism this has been
prevented in the American Constitution?

Q. No. 3. Ministerial Responsibility is the cardinal principle of British Democracy. Elaborate.

Q. No. 4. Analyze the powers of the French President.

Q. No. 5. Examine the principle of Democratic centralism in the Soviet Union.

Section-2

Q. No. 6. Critically examine the Federal provisions of the Constitution of Pakistan.

Q. No. 7. Discuss the role of Communist Party in the Chinese politics.

Q. No. 8. Write notes on:

(a) Islamic Revolution in Iran
(b) Secularism in India

********************
POLITICAL SCIENCE (2002)
PAPER -I
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Machiavelli enunciated the philosophy of art of the government for effective discipline and stability
in the state. Analyze and discuss the basic of this philosophy in detail.

Q. No. 3. (a) Montesquieu expounded his theory of separation of power to set forth the governmental
organization in order to safeguard the political liberty. Explain.
(b) Narrate those facts on which he has been called the Aristotle of the Eighteenth century.

Q. No. 4. Enlist the qualities of Al-Ghazali’s Amir and detail account of his daily routine.

Q. No. 5. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Bentham’s theory of Punishment
(b) Ibn-Khuldun’s stages in the development of the state.

Section-2

Q. No. 6. Rights are conceived in different ways by various political philosophers. Critically examine the most
important theories of right.
Q. No. 7. (a) “In all federations there is a manifest tendency to entrust the central governments with a wider
and wider sphere of authority”. Analyze the statement and discuss in detail.

57 | P a g e
 (b) Differentiate between Federation and Alliance.

Q. No. 8. (a) “Communism is inimical to democracy, freedom and actual rights”. Critically examine the
statement.
(b) What are the salient features of communism? Briefly explain.

PAPER -II
Section-1

Q. No. 2. The most prominent feature of American Political System is its mechanism of “Checks and
Balances”. Discuss its functioning.

Q. No. 3. Do you agree that British Political System is known for the cabinet’s dictatorship? Give your
arguments for or against this idea.

Q. No. 4. French System of Government is a model of highly centralized political system. Discuss.

Section-2

Q. No. 5. Mustafa Kamal’s political philosophy provides stability and ideological foundations to the Turkish
Political System. Discuss it.

Q. No. 6. Do you agree that we can present Iran as an Ideal Islamic State of the modern age?

Q. No. 7. Explain the Commune System of Peoples Republic of China. How it played role in socio-economic
development of the country.

Q. No. 8. Discuss evolution of Federalism in Pakistan with reference to its constitutional and political
development from 1956 to date.

********************
POLITICAL SCIENCE (2003)
PAPER -I
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Plato’s Communism was, is and will remain impracticable. Critically examine this statement.

Q. No. 3. Hobs and Bodin are said to be the proponents of the theory of Absolution. Do you agree? Give
reasons.

Q. No. 4. “Al-Farabi must be placed among the proponents of the Theory of Social Contract”. In the light of
this statement, discuss Al-Farabi’s political thought.

58 | P a g e
 Section-1

Q. No. 5. Elaborate the characteristics of Islamic State. Give proper references from the Holy Quran and
Sunnah.

Q. No. 6. Compare and Contrast between Democracy and Dictatorship.

Q. No. 7. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Political Parties
(b) Pressure Groups

Q. No. 8. (a) Write an essay on the structure and power of the present local Government in Pakistan.
(b) Point out merits and demerits.

PAPER -II
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Explain the role of Political parties both in UK and US in formulating public opinion on major
issues in foreign policy making.

Q. No. 3. Explain critically the Power of the President in the US Constitution.

Q. No. 4. Examine critically the factors leading to the disintegration of Soviet Union.

Section-2

Q. No. 5. Examine the role of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan and Iqbal in promoting the growth of Muslim
Nationalism in India.

Q. No. 6. Ayub Khan’s 1962 constitution, was highly centralized and therefore ultimately responsible for
creating political turmoil in the country. Discuss.

Q. No. 7. How secure is the future of Democracy both in Iran and Turkey after the 9/11 incident?

Q. No. 8. What are the major factors in your opinion responsible for the success of democracy in India and
failure in Pakistan?

********************
POLITICAL SCIENCE (2004)
PAPER -I
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Examine the main similarities and differences in the Political Ideas of Plato and Aristotle.

59 | P a g e
Q. No. 3. (a) Examine the nature of the contract expounded by Locke revolving in the establishment of pf the
Civil Society.
(b) How Montesquieu classify government? Which form he considers to be the best? Give reasons
for your answer.

Q. No. 4. “The Imamate is established to replace prophecy in the defense of faith and the administration of the
world”. Elaborate the statement of Al-Mawardi with reference to his theory of Imamate.

Q. No. 5. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Political Philosophy of Karl Marx

(b) Al-Farabi’s Concept of State.

Section-2

Q. No. 6. How General Will of a Society is formulated? Discuss in the light of Rousseau’s interpretation of
the conclusions, characteristics, and criticism of the Theory of General Will.

Q. No. 7. What are the agencies available for formation and expression of public opinion? Also discuss the
methods of influencing public opinion.

Q. No. 8. (a) What are the powers and functions of an executive as a second great organ of the Government?
(b) Discuss the principles of “Fascism” highlighting its historical background.

PAPER -II
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Comparatively discuss the Law-making process in the Parliament of Britain and Congress of United
States.

Q. No. 3. Write down the election of the American President.

Q. No. 4. The French politics is not as liberal as the Frenchmen claim. Discuss it in the light of the working
of the French Political System.

Section-2

Q. No. 5. Examine the role of Islamic Consultative Assembly in shaping politics in Iran.

Q. No. 6. Critically evaluate role of political parties in Turkey.

Q. No. 7. Write down variables by which political culture does not developed in Pakistan.

Q. No. 8. Coalitional governments have made Indian Democracy fragile and crucial. Substantiate.

********************
60 | P a g e
 POLITICAL SCIENCE (2005)
PAPER -I
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Compare the view of Hobbes, Locke, and Rousseau on Social Contract and Sovereignty.

Q. No. 3. “As far Philosophers, they make imaginary Laws for imaginary Commonwealths”. Elucidate this
statement with reference to Plato.

Q. No. 4. “The Khuldun is aptly called father of Political Economy”. Discuss his views on political economy.

Q. No. 5. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Iqbal’s concept of Ego (Khudi)

(b) Differences between Fascism VS Platonism

Section-2

Q. No. 6. Critically examine the most important theories of Rights as explained by different writers
(Minimum three).

Q. No. 7. Give a brief account of historical evolution of Political Parties with reference to theories of origin of
Parties. Also enumerate functions of Political Parties.

Q. No. 8. (a) Discuss the three principles for constituting the second charmers in a bicameral Legislature.
(b) Explain the Doctrine of Judicial Review.

PAPER -II
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Examine the role of Supreme Court in the evolution of the American Constitution.

Q. No. 3. Discuss the Powers of the President of French under the Fifth Republic

Q. No. 4. Examine the fundamental Principles of British Constituent. Also discuss the nature, powers and
functions of the British Cabinet.

Section-2

Q. No. 5. Do you agree that we can present Iran as an ideal Islamic State of the Modern Age?

Q. No. 6. The President of India is “merely a figure head”. How far do you agree?

Q. No. 7. What are the main characteristics of Chinese Political System?

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on the following:

61 | P a g e
 (a) Fourteen Points of Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah
(b) Role of Ataturk in building up modern Turkey

********************
POLITICAL SCIENCE (2006)
PAPER -I
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Explain Plato’s theory of Justice. How he tries to implement it through educational system?

Q. No. 3. Machiavelli enunciated the philosophy of Art of government for effective discipline and stability in
the state. Analyze and discuss the basis of this philosophy in detail.

Q. No. 4. It is said that Hegel’s dialectical theory was standing on its head but Marx has reversed it. Discuss.

Q. No. 5. Discuss the place of Ibn-e-Khuldun in the history of Political Philosophy.

Section-2

Q. No. 6. Rights and duties are based on the principle of reciprocity. Explain.

Q. No. 7. What are the agencies available for the formation and expression of public opinion? Also discuss the
methods of influencing public opinion. Can public opinion be regarded as the 5 th essential element
of a modern democratic state?

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Bentham’s Theory of Punishment
(b) Theory of Separation of Power

PAPER -II
Section-1

Q. No. 2. How system of Check and Balance works in American Government? Explain its functioning.

Q. No. 3. Do you agree that Cabinet’s dictatorship in UK has undermined the supremacy of the Parliament?
Explain.

Q. No. 4. Discuss the characteristics of the American Political Party System. How it differs from the Britain?

Section-2

Q. No. 5. Explain the salient features of Iran’s Political System.

Q. No. 6. Discuss ideological foundations of Political System of Turkish Republic.

Q. No. 7. Why Indian democracy is stronger than any other country of the region. Explain the reason.

62 | P a g e
Q. No. 8. Discuss the problems presently being faced to the federation of Pakistan.

********************
POLITICAL SCIENCE (2007)
PAPER -I
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Aristotle was a REALIST and not an IDEALIST. Explain with respect to his Theory of the Ends
and Functions of the State.

Q. No. 3. (a) LOCKE was the father of Modern Liberal Democracy. Comment.
(b) Describe the basic features of Rousseau’s Political Philosophy.

Q. No. 4. Al-Ghazali was the torch bearer of the Muslim Rationalistic Renaissance. Analyze the statement in
view of his status as a Mujaddid.

Q. No. 5. Examine the contribution of Allama Iqbal as a Philosopher and as a supporter of Muslim Unity.

Section-2

Q. No. 6. Sovereignty is the most essential element of statehood. Explain with respect the differences in the
nature of Western and Islamic Concepts of Sovereignty.

Q. No. 7. Discuss the importance of Political Parties in a modern state and assess their role as effective
instrument of mobilizing public opinion.

Q. No. 8. (a) What are the essential pre-requisites for successful Federal System?
(b) Point out the problems and prospects of local-self-government in Pakistan.

PAPER -II
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Analyze the place of President occupies in the United States Political System today. Account for
his supremacy in the Government.

Q. No. 3. Discuss the Position and Powers of the British Prime Minister. Compare him with the American
President.

Q. No. 4. Describe the main features of the French Political System.

Section-2

Q. No. 5. Make a survey of the role of Judiciary in Pakistan as the Guardian of the Constitution.

Q. No. 6. Discuss SIX principles of Kemalism as the basis of Turkish Political System.

63 | P a g e
Q. No. 7. “The Indian Federation is rightly said to be a Quasi-federation having many elements of a unitary
state”. Discuss.

Q. No. 8. Deng’s Concept of “One Country Two Systems” in China’s Political System has succeeded in
achieving Chinese National Objectives. Substantiate your answer.

********************
POLITICAL SCIENCE (2008)
PAPER -I
Section-1

Q. No. 2. “Plato intended to build an institution for scientific study of politics and training of statesman”.
Elaborate.

Q. No. 3. Explain the following:

(a) “Life in state of nature was nasty, poor, brutish and short”. (Hobbes)
(b) “The natural rights of men are right to live, liberty and property”. (Locke)

Q. No. 4. How far it is true to say that Ibn-e-Khuldun perhaps was the 1st philosopher to realize the relevant
importance of economics to politics? Argue.

Q. No. 5. State the grounds on which Mill advocated the freedom of individual’s conduct. What limitations
did he apply to this freedom?

Section-2

Q. No. 6. “Liberty is described as power to do or enjoy something that is worth doing or enjoying in common
with other”. In the light of the above statement discuss the significance of liberty in the
contemporary societies.

Q. No. 7. Examine in detail the principal advantages and disadvantages of parliamentary over presidential
form of government.

Q. No. 8. In what circumstances might a democratic country turn to military dictatorship or totalitarian
rule?

PAPER -II
Section-1

Q. No. 2. How was George W. Bush elected as president of U.S.A in 2004? Explain the role of the U.S
President as executive head of the state.

64 | P a g e
Q. No. 3. Do you agree that sovereignty of the parliament is the dominant characteristic of British Political
System? Explain in detail the role of British Parliament.

Q. No. 4. Describe the salient features of the Judicial System in France. How it differs from that of Britain?

Section-B

Q. No. 5. Analyze the role of Mustafa Kamal Ata-Turk as the first president of Turkish Republic with special
reference to “Six principles of Kemalism” to modernize Turkey on Western pattern.

Q. No. 6. Explain the salient features of Indian Political System.

Q. No. 7. Discuss the organization and the role of the communist part in the Chinese Political System.

Q. No. 8. Sir Syed Ahmad Khan, Allama Iqbal and Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah were forced by
historical events to shift from their view of Hindu-Muslim Unity to Muslim Nationalism.
Elaborate.

********************
POLITICAL SCIENCE (2009)
PAPER -I
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Examine Montesquieu’s Theory of Separation of Powers. Why has he been called the Aristotle of
Eighteenth Century? Discuss.

Q. No. 3. Write note on the following:

(a) Appreciation and Criticism of Rousseau’s Theory of General Will.
(b) Mao’s views on Individualism.

Q. No. 4. Discuss the Theory of Kingship as propounded by Nizamul-Mulk Tusi.

Q. No. 5. Discuss Plato’s contribution to the History of Political Thought.

Section-2

Q. No. 6. Discuss organization and functions of pressure groups. Point out indicators of its effectiveness also.

Q. No. 7. Define and discuss Liberty and its Safeguards. Enlist the causes of its decline in Modern time also.

Q. No. 8. Write note on the following:

(a) Principles of Fascism
(b) Merits of Federation.

65 | P a g e
 PAPER -II
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Discuss Committee System in American Congress and point out its demerits. Also compare it with
British Committee System.

Q. No. 3. How Local Government function in France? Discuss.

Q. No. 4. What is Supreme Soviet? Discuss its Powers and functions.

Section-B

Q. No. 5. How Political Parties organize and function in accordance with Turkish Constitution? Also enlist
five major parties with names of their founding fathers.

Q. No. 6. Write comprehensive notes on the following:

(a) Cadres Scheme in Chinese Political System.
(b) Role played by Sir Syed Ahmad Khan in the rise of Muslim Nationalism in the Sub-
Continent.

Q. No. 7. “India is a Secular State” Critically examine and comment.

Q. No. 8. Compare and critically examine the following under 1956, 1962, and 1973 (Reinstated in 1985 with
amendments) constitutions of Pakistan.
(a) Delegation of Power (b) No seats in Provincial Assemblies
(c) Basic Rights (d) Mode of Elections
(e) National Language

********************
POLITICAL SCIENCE (2010)
PAPER -I
Section-1

Q. No. 2. “Is it correct to call Machiavelli citizen of all states and contemporary of all ages”? Argue.

Q. No. 3. “Aristotle was great but not grateful student of Plato”. Comment.

Q. No. 4. “Al-Mawardi brought constitutional theory of Islam in line with political reality of his time”.
Discuss this with reference to his views on “Khilafat” and “Wizarate”.

Q. No. 5. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Ideal State of Al-Farabi
(b) Iqbal’s views on Ijtihad.

66 | P a g e
 Section-2

Q. No. 6. “An Ideal Islamic State is bound to bring revolutionary changes in all spheres of human life”.
Discuss.

Q. No. 7. Would you agree if it is stated that dictatorship is the only remedy for social, political and economic
instability in a developing countries?

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Attributes of Sovereignty
(b) Opinion Polls
PAPER -II
Section-1

Q. No. 2. “The Senate of USA is the most powerful house in the world”. Do you agree with the statement?
Explain your answer with reference to the upper houses of India and Pakistan.

Q. No. 3. Explain how the British Democracy is overshadowed by the cabinet dictatorship?

Q. No. 4. How is the French President elected? Give an objective analysis of the powers enjoyed by the
President.

Section-B

Q. No. 5. Explain the factors that transformed Jinnah, the ambassador of Hindu Muslim Unity, into the
Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah of the Muslims.

Q. No. 6. “In spite of the provisions of provincial autonomy in the 1973 constitution, there are Anti-Centre
feelings in the federating units”. Discuss the statement with special reference to Balochistan and
Sindh.

Q. No. 7. Discuss the salient features of the constitution of the Peoples Republic of China in comparison with
the constitution of former Soviet Union.

Q. No. 8. Write a note on ANY TWO of the following.

(a) The predominance of the armed forces in the Turkish politics
(b) The role of the President of India
(c) Iranian Political System after the removal of the Shah of Iran
(d) Role of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan as a reformer.

********************

67 | P a g e
 POLITICAL SCIENCE (2011)
PAPER -I
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Discuss Locke and Hobbes’ perspective on the “State of Nature”.

Q. No. 3. Marx’s historical materialism is the application of dialectical materialism to explain events,
processes and developments in society. Elaborate.

Q. No. 4. Critically appreciate Al-Ghazali Theory of Khalafat.

Q. No. 5. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Platonic and Aristotelian Paradigms
(b) Iqbal’s Concept of Millet

Section-2

Q. No. 6. Write a comprehensive note on the power of judicial review and its limits in the context of Pakistan.

Q. No. 7. What are the pre-requisites for the success of democratic political system?

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on the following:

(a) The nature and emergence of “Nation State”
(b) Rights and duties are two facets of the same coin

PAPER -II
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Discuss the scope and significance of Judicial Review. Offer your criticism also.

Q. No. 3. What are the principles on which British Cabinet is organized and functions. Also mention four
occasions of cabinet change.

Q. No. 4. Enumerate the reasons of downfall of Fourth French Republic and discuss salient features of 1958
Constitution.

Section-B

Q. No. 5. How Grand National Assembly in Turkey is elected? Discuss its Powers and functions.

Q. No. 6. Compare and analyze the role played by Judiciary in Pakistan and discuss future expectations and
availability of options in the best interest of the state.

Q. No. 7. Write a note on ANY TWO of the following.

(a) Factors responsible for evolution of Two Nation Theory

68 | P a g e
 (b) Basic principles of Iranian Foreign Policy
(c) Impact on the region of Latest US President’s visit to India

Q. No. 8. How political parties are organized in China? Discuss the organization and function of Chinese
Communist Party.

********************
POLITICAL SCIENCE (2012)
PAPER -I
Section-1

Q. No. 2. “Plato intended to build an institution for scientific study of politics and training of statesman”.
Elaborate.

Q. No. 3. “Montesquieu with all his faults and irregularities is the father of modern historical research”.
Explain and discuss.

Q. No. 4. Ibn-e-Khuldun perhaps was the 1st philosopher to realize the relevant importance of economics to
politics. Discuss.

Q. No. 5. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Rousseau’s Theory of General Will
(b) Al-Farabi-s Theory of State

Section-2

Q. No. 6. Define Political Science. To what extent can one be systematic in a study of the political process?
How “scientific” is Political Science?

Q. No. 7. Discuss the principal advantages and disadvantages of Parliamentary over Presidential form of
government with special reference to Pakistan.

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Views of Marx on Socialist Revolution
(b) Classical Liberalism

PAPER -II
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Discuss in detail the Legislative Powers of the President of USA.

Q. No. 3. What is “Judicial Review”? Discuss its impact on USA decision making process.

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Q. No. 4. Discuss the Executive Powers of the French President in detail.

Q. No. 5. Discuss the Powers of Senate of USA. Also analyze.

Section-B

Q. No. 6. What is “Provincial Autonomy”? Discuss its importance in True Federation.

Q. No. 7. Discuss 18th Amendment of Pakistan. Do you find the principle of Social Justice in this
Amendment?

Q. No. 8. Write a note on ANY TWO of the following.

(a) Fundamental Rights
(b) Social Justice
(c) Loak Sabha
(d) Supreme Court of Pakistan

********************
POLITICAL SCIENCE (2013)
PAPER -I
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Examine Montesquieu’s Theory of Separation of Powers. Why he has been called “Aristotle” of
Eighteenth Century? Discuss.

Q. No. 3. Critically analyze the Social Contract Theory of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau.

Q. No. 4. Discuss the Allama Iqbal’s Concept of “Khudi”.

Q. No. 5. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Ibn-e-Khuldun’s Concept of Asbiyah
(b) Marx’s Theory of Class Struggle
Section-2

Q. No. 6. Define and discuss Liberty and its Safeguards. Enlist the causes of its decline in modern time also.

Q. No. 7. Define Political Parties and their functions. In your view, which party system is suitable for
Pakistan’s Political System?

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Independence of Judiciary
(b) Merits of Federation

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 PAPER -II
Section-1

Q. No. 2. American Senate is “the saucer in which the boiling tea of the House is cooled”.

Q. No. 3. Explain why Kingship is not abolished in England?

Q. No. 4. Examine the Powers of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of USSR.

Section-B

Q. No. 5. Discuss the salient features of 1982 Constitution of Turkey.

Q. No. 6. Discuss the role of the Quaid-i-Azam in creation of Pakistan.

Q. No. 7. Give comparative analysis of the Islamic provisions of 1956, 1962, and 1973 Constitutions of
Pakistan.

Q. No. 8. Write a note on ANY TWO of the following.

(a) National People’s Congress of China
(b) Role of “Leader” in the 1979 Constitution of Iran
(c) “There is no such thing as Indian Secularism”. Discuss.

********************
POLITICAL SCIENCE (2014)
PAPER -I
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Critically examine the concept of “Justice” by Plato.

Q. No. 3. Discuss in detail the concept of “Riasul Awwal” by Al-Farabi.

Q. No. 4. Compare the concepts of Millat and Territorial Nationalism by Iqbal.

Q. No. 5. Write short notes on ANY TWO of the following:

(a) Asabiya
(b) Social justice
(c) Oligarchy

Section-2

Q. No. 6. Discuss “Democratic Political System”. How can it bring even change in the society?

Q. No. 7. Discuss the “Political Culture”. Also its importance.

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Q. No. 8. Write short NOTES on the following:
(a) Liberty
(b) Separation of Power

PAPER -II
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Discuss the Powers and functions of the American Senate. Also explain the concept of Senatorial
Courtesy.

Q. No. 3. Explain the evolution of British Monarchy with focus on gradual transfer of powers from the
Monarch to the Prime Minister.

Q. No. 4. Analyze the role of political parties in the post 1958 political system of France.

Q. No. 5. Critically analyze the nature of Federation in former USSR.

Section-B

Q. No. 6. Elaborate the secular aspect of Turkish Constitution and objectively analyze its impact on Turkish
Society.

Q. No. 7. How Iqbal’s wisdom helped in shaping the intellectual foundations of Pakistan?

Q. No. 8. Write a note on ANY TWO of the following.

(a) Gerry Maundering
(b) Rahbar in Iran’s Constitution
(c) Impact of Deng Xiaoping’s reforms on China

********************
POLITICAL SCIENCE (2015)
PAPER -I
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Critically examine the concepts of Hobbes and Locke about “Social Contract”.

Q. No. 3. Discuss in detail Ibn-e-Khuldun’s concept of Asbiyah.

Q. No. 4. “Equal distribution of wealth”. Explain this statement in the light of Marx’s Philosophy.

Q. No. 5. Write short notes on ANY TWO of the following:

(a) Bentham’s Utility
(b) Philosopher King

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 (c) Pressure Group

Section-2

Q. No. 6. Discuss in detail the concept of Sovereignty and explain its attributes.

Q. No. 7. How Public Opinion is made and how it can be measured?

Q. No. 8. How local self-government strengthens democracy? Why this system is unable to work consistently
and successfully in Pakistan?

PAPER -II
Section-1

Q. No. 2. The American senate today is the most powerful legislative body in the world. Explain.

Q. No. 3. “The British P. M is shining moon among stars”. In the light of this statement discuss carefully the
position and powers of English prime Minister.

Q. No. 4. What is Supreme Soviet? Discuss its powers and functions.

Section-B

Q. No. 5. Discuss the role of Sir Syed Ahmad Khan in rise of Muslim Nationalism in Sub-Continent.

Q. No. 6. How Grand National Assembly of Turkey is elected? Discuss its powers and functions.

Q. No. 7. Discuss the salient features of Chinese Constitution (1982).

Q. No. 8. Write a note on ANY TWO of the following.

(a) Reasons for the failure of 1956 Constitution.
(b) “India is a Secular State”. Critically examine and comment.
(c) Islamic Provisions of 1973 Constitution of Pakistan.

********************
POLITICAL SCIENCE (2016)
PAPER -I
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Give a critical analysis of Aristotle’s classification of Governments.

Q. No. 3. Is it correct to say that Machiavelli was an apostle of Power Politics?

Q. No. 4. Describe Al-Mawardi’s Theory of Imamate.

Q. No. 5. Write short notes on ANY TWO of the following:

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 (a) End of History
(b) Totalitarianism
(c) Women Empowerment

Section-2

Q. No. 6. “Democratic Political System cannot function successfully without organizes Political Parties”.
Discuss.

Q. No. 7. Explain “Confederation”. How it is different from Federation?

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on the following:

(a) Civil Society
(b) Public Opinion

PAPER -II
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Discuss the salient features of the Judicial System in France. How does it differ from that of Britain
and Pakistan?

Q. No. 3. The Senate of the USA is the most powerful Upper House in the world. Can you justify this
statement? Explain your answer with reference to the Upper Houses of India and Pakistan.

Section-B

Q. No. 4. Discuss the features of Turkish Model of Democracy keeping the distinguished position pf the armed
forces in the Turkish Politics.

Q. No. 5. Explain the rise of Muslim nationalism in South Asia. What were its implications for the nationalist
politics of Indian National Congress?

Q. No. 6. What are the issues and problems of Federation in Pakistan? Discuss with reference to the US
Federation.

Q. No. 7. What are the political and administrative implications of the Eighteenth Amendment to the 1973
Constitution of Pakistan?

Q. No. 8. Write detailed notes on the following.

(a) European Union
(b) South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

********************

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 POLITICAL SCIENCE (2017)
PAPER -I
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Compare and contrast the different political philosophies of Hobbes and Locke. How are these
philosophies implemented in present day political systems and policy making?

Q. No. 3. According to Marx, “the mode of production in material life determines the general character of
social, political and spiritual process in life”. Elucidate.

Q. No. 4. Discuss the upward and downward developments of state, rulers, and ruled in the socio-political
thought of Ibn-e-Khuldun.

Section-2

Q. No. 5. What is the Islamic Concept of State? Identify issues and challenges to the Islamic Concept of State
in the Modern times.

Q. No. 6. What characteristic of society leads to adoption of federal form of government? How it can function
successfully?

Q. No. 7. Compare and contrast the differing roles played by political parties and interest groups in making
public policy.

Q. No. 8. What is Fascism and why is it considered to be the child of first half of 20 th century events in place
to Europe?

PAPER -II
Section-1

Q. No. 2. To what extent is it true that the President of the United States is more powerful than the Prime
Minister of the United Kingdom (UK)? Justify your answer with comparative analysis.

Q. No. 3. Discuss the basic norms of regional politico-economic integration and organizational structure of
the European Union.

Section-B

Q. No. 4. “A strong political system needs a very strong political economy”. Prove this statement by making
a comparative and analytical answer with reference to China and Malaysia.

Q. No. 5. Allama Iqbal and Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah were the genuine leaders who led the
Muslim Nation towards success through their socio-political visions in South Asia. Discuss their
community services rendered for the Muslims of the Subcontinent.

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Q. No. 6. Discuss the major issues during the constitutional making process in Pakistan in 1956, 1962 and
1973.

Q. No. 7. How far do you agree that the Political Parties and Interest Groups have established and demolished
the political system of Pakistan? Critically analyze.

Q. No. 8. Write comprehensive notes on the following.

(a) Foreign Policy making process in Pakistan
(b) Global Civil Society

********************
POLITICAL SCIENCE (2018)
PAPER -I
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Critically analyze the salient features of Plato’s Republic. Do you think that some of its features are
valid, even today?

Q. No. 3. What is the Concept of State of Nature given by Thomas Hobbes? Make its comparison with the
Social Contract as presented by John Locke and Rousseau.

Q. No. 4. Write a detailed note on the concept of Asbiyah as given by Ibn-e-Khuldun. What is its significances
in the progress and decline of nations?

Q. No. 5. Write a detailed essay on the principle of Ijtihad in Islam as given by Allama Muhammad Iqbal.
How it can be made possible in the modern ages?
Section-2

Q. No. 6. What is the significance of Local Government System in a country? Discuss the reasons of repeated
failures of the efforts in Pakistan to establish a stable local government.

Q. No. 7. What is the significance of independent judiciary in a democratic republic? Do you think that
without an independent judiciary a system of Check and Balance can be established in the
government? Explain with appropriate examples.

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on ANY TWO of the following:

(a) Role of Middle Class in strengthening the democracy.
(b) Violation of Parliamentary values and traditions in Pakistan.
(c) Significance or religious harmony in a state.

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 PAPER -II
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Write the Composition, Powers and Position of the French National Assembly.

Q. No. 3. Compare and Contest the Powers of Indian President with the American President.

Section-B

Q. No. 4. Do you agree that Pakistan was achieved by “Jinnah” through the “constitutional democratic
process for the sake of constitutional democracy”?

Q. No. 5. Logically prove that 18th amendment of 1973 Constitution in considered to be the new social
contract for provincial autonomy among the Pakistani Political Parties.

Q. No. 6. To what extent global economic institutions are indispensable pieces of global governance?

Q. No. 7. Examine the importance of national interest for “peace and security” with special reference to
geostrategic position of economic opportunities of Pakistan in the 21 st Century.

Q. No. 8. Write comprehensive notes on the following.

(a) Guardian Council of Iran
(b) ECO

********************
POLITICAL SCIENCE (2019)
PAPER -I
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Examine the view that Hegelian Spirit is nothing but evolution of human consciousness to the
realization of political maturity for global human co-existence.

Q. No. 3. The growing judicial activism in Pakistan is clearly at the expanse of parliamentary sovereignty
and supremacy. Critically analyze the statement.

Q. No. 4. Explain the concept of Nationality and distinguish between Nationality and Citizenship.

Q. No. 5. Globalization restrict the autonomy of the state, generates domestic social conflicts, and inequalities.
Discuss the interactions between globalization and domestic politics.

Section-2

Q. No. 6. How far 18th amendment will transform the existing federal system of Pakistan?

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Q. No. 7. Fascism generally flourishes in countries with strong nationalism and weak democracies. Discuss
the enabling conditions for fascism with reference to Germany and Italy.

Q. No. 8. How far is it true to say that the origin of the state lies in force? Discuss critically the Theory of
Force regarding the origin of State.

PAPER -II
Section-1

Q. No. 2. How the system of Checks and Balances works in the US political system? Explain with examples.

Q. No. 3. How the party system in France is different to that in Germany. Discuss in detail.

Section-B

Q. No. 4. Critically analyze the role of military in the Turkish Politics.

Q. No. 5. Iqbal is credited with creating the Idea of Pakistan. Give your arguments.

Q. No. 6. What factors contributed to the delay of constitution making process in the yearly years of Pakistan?
Discuss in detail.

Q. No. 7. What are the major obstacles to the process of national integration in contemporary Pakistan?
Suggest remedies for success of the process.

Q. No. 8. Write down the major determinants of the Foreign Policy of Pakistan.

********************
POLITICAL SCIENCE (2020)
PAPER -I
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Why monistic or absolute concept of sovereignty has been abandoned? Analyze legal concept of
sovereignty.

Q. No. 3. Examine Montesquieu’s theory of separation of powers. Why has he been called “Aristotle” of
Eighteenth Century? Discuss.

Q. No. 4. Critically analyze the Social Contract Theory of Hobbes, Locke and Rousseau.

Q. No. 5. Examine the view that Hegelian Spirit is nothing but evolution of human consciousness to the
realization of political maturity for global human co-existence.

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 Section-2

Q. No. 6. Critically examine the basic principles of Fascism.

Q. No. 7. Bring out clearly the difference between unitary and federal forms of government.

Q. No. 8. Write short notes on the following.

(a) Ibn-e-Khuldun’s concept of Asbiyah
(b) Marx’s Theory of Class Struggle
PAPER -II
Section-1

Q. No. 2. Discuss the way in which globalization can promote regionalization as an adaptation.

Q. No. 3. Under the Unitary State System, how Local Government System works in UK?

Section-B

Q. No. 4. Critically evaluate the role of Post-World-War-II International Financial Regimes in the economic
development of the less developed countries.

Q. No. 5. Critically evaluate the role of Military in Turkish Politics.

Q. No. 6. Discuss the Powers and Functions of China’s National People’s Congress.

Q. No. 7. Make a comparative analysis of the Constitution of 1956 and amended Constitution of Pakistan
1973.

Q. No. 8. In the Post World War-II period, what were the important patterns of the Balance of Power?

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