ENERGY RESOURSES Sources of Energy ( Renewable i,e LED Energy, Solar Energy, Wind Energy) & Non- renewable Energy Conservation and its sustainable use Lbdul Slam Khetan CSP- 40" Common @ma) ENERGY > Ability of a body to do work is energy > Types > Kinetic energy: energy possessed by a body due to its motion (KE = % MV?) » Potential energy: energy possessed by a body due to its position (PE = Mgh) > Chemical Energy: energy stored in a body due to its chemical bonds b/w atoms & molecules » Mechanical energy: KE + PE > Forms: Heat, Electricity, Light, Nuclear, Sound HELNSNaTUraAL RESOURCES | VATUKAL SO —na ed Natural resources natura: substances requ by humans for different needs. Boergy Resoues | Natural resources such as oil, gas, coal, wood, wind, sunlight and waves can be used to produce energy. These are energy resources. @.=Noa tenable Bavegy Loony Non-renewable energy sources are things like oil, 3 natural gas and coal. They cannot be easilyreplaced, ( because they have taken millions of yearstoform. (e We are using them faster than they are being made. This means that one day they will run out! Renewable energy resources like wind power, wave power, solar power and biofuel can be easily replaced and will not run out. c NNO Oil Natural gas (petroleum) Non- renewable £ te” Nuclear powereee 7 Neduarl Gos on Ob ine plants and Earth’s crude oil and natural gas is formed from marine p' | animals that died millions of years ag0 * 4. Dead Phytoplankton & zooplankton microscopic i. animals and plants sink to the bottom of ¥ the ocean and become buried with other sediments | (sand and mud) v = ¥ Organic rich sediments » 2. Over millions of years these sediments get buried deeper and deeper. Temperature and pressure rises and the microorganisms in the sediment are turned into Bas and oil3, Oil and gas move upwards through tiny pores in the rock, Oil and gas gets trapped under impermeable layers of rock and can be then be taken out using long powerful drills _Drilt Sea | Impermeable rock burned to steam propels Electricity Oil & gas heat water turbine a * Crude oil is turned into jet engine oil, petroland © diesel which are used as a fuel in planes and cars. + When oil and gas are burnt they release carbon comet dioxide gas into the atmosphere. CO2 is a greenhouse gas and contributes to global warming. fra it Gosh | & million years gO L eee y | iy = Cay a ; Older rock layers l | Jurassic Period 201- 145 million years agoModern day " Pressure FE cde Coal SS burned for heat burned to heat water steam propels Electricity turbine Coal is cheap and there is lots of it! When coal is are burnt it releases carbon dioxide, sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide into the atmosphere contributing to global warming and acid rain.Nuckear Env de Nuclear reactions Heat eam * pore ae Electricity ¢, Uranium and plutonium are nuclear fuels Nuclear fuels do not produce harmful greenhouse gases Nuclear power is very efficient Nuclear power produces radioactive waste which is dangerous and has to be seal in containers and buried for thousands of years Solar Geothermal \ / Biofuel 7 / Renewable Wind HydroelectricIntroduction to LEDs the development of white light LEDS in the mid-1990s, have made LED illumination systems feasible for some applications, and a are now available on the mark number of products ve light outputs on the drder of + At present. typical indicator LEDs ‘one to several lumens. whereas LEDs for illumination produce on the order of tens to hundreds of Jirmens. Jiumens ~ (denoted by tm} are a measure of the ioral aniount ef visible light (10 the human eye) from a lamp or light source. The higher the kamen rating the “breghter” the lamp will uppeat ] «As the LED technology revolutionize the lighting industry so 1's smportan to understand how an LED hight source works. . What is an LED? D.LEDs are semiconductor diodes, electronic devices that permit current to flow in only one direction. O The diode is formed by bringing two slightly different materials together to form a PN junction . O Ina PN june n, the P side contains excess positive charge ("holes." indicating the absence of electrons) while the N side contains excess negative charge (electrons)o ae [ What Determines the color of the LED The material used in the semiconducting element of an LED determines its color. The two main types of LEDs presently used for lighting systems ae aluminum gallium indium phosphide (AlGalnP sometimes, Tearranged as AllaGa?) alloys tor red, orange and yellow LEDs Indium gallium nitride (InGaN) alloys for green, blue and white LEDs. Slight changes in the composition of these alloys changes the color of the emitted light u ED’s are extremely efficient low energy light sources m icient low nt I er 30 lumens! Wa In 2005 white LED's had reached outputs of over 30 lumens’Watt n2 ¢ LE! and coloured versions 50 lumens/Watt ing about every two years ins continue to grow, doubling about every two y “The light gains continue to gi Long operational Infe of up to 50.000 hours, Compact light source, no other lamp possesses such small dimensions for u comparative light output.ED’s do not er Je altravioket (UV or infrared (IR) radia’ do not radiate hea radiate heat in the direction of the illuminated odject can therefore be used to ill nate Materials that fade easily. foes | Works of art ete D1 _LED’s arf durable against impact and vibration u LED's can be dimmed. - over 16 mill D> Coloured light can be produced ef colours. _ Wind end. Large windmills are called wind turbines When the wind blows, the blades move and this spins a turbine which is connected to a generator which generates electricity. | Wind farms are made up of lots of | | | wind turbines this allows lots of electricity to be generated Wind farms are built in windy areas No wind = no electricity |Sunlight Solar panel d) 4} C6 Heat electricity * Solar pa oer cee can be put of building roofs are expensive and you need a lot of th em! Geolkwrol Emgy * Geothermal energy is heat energy from the Earth * Water can be pumped down into hot rock where it is heated. * Geothermal energy can be used to produce heat or electricity + Iceland is very volcanic so uses a lot of geothermal energy. Electricity pylon t 8)eee f A —- Ceesay | + Hydroelectric power is a way of harnessing energy trom running water. - Hydroelectric dams trap water in reservoirs « When electricity is needed, water is released é and flows downwards with ek gravity to spin 3 turbine. . hi iF Reservoir More reliable that solar a and wind power. * Hydroelectric dams are ‘ at very expensive and can quarts 7 harm wildlife. eal fel * Biofuels are made from crops. Ideally biofuels should be carbon neutral — absorb carbon dioxide as they grow and then give off carbon dioxide when they are burnt. However fossil fuels are used in the production of biofuels, for example in making fertilizers so they are not carbon neutral. Crops for biofuels could be used to feed people insteadrove tno ner ut Te cond ” - t a~ nan mee + Everyday products ike food containers, smartphones, computers and cars require alot of energy wo produce Recycling products saves energy wr, ‘The amount of energy CK you save depends on the product but It always worth recycling! ‘aluminium can mt Energy saved =10-15% ——pecycled