Essay paper is the First Over in the Innings of CSS-Match.

How to write an essay in CSS.

A step-wise guide is given as under:-

What can we include in an essay?

Daily Life Observations
Literary Reflection
Personal Reflection
Historical Events
Contemporary Events
Imaginations
Facts and Figures
Table / Diagram (Max 1 or 2 if required or applicable)
Description
Arguments

How to select a topic in CSS Essay paper?.

It is very crucial point to select the right topic out of given 10 topics because once you select it you
will have to write an essay of at least 2500+ words on the same topics.

Step 1

Brain Storm your mind about the topics and judge how much relevant data have you in your
memory to write it down.

Step 2

Never opt a topic in which you do not know the meaning of even a single word.

Step 3

Do not go through the paper too quickly. You can cause yourself unrest and that will reduce your
confident and that is surely not required on the day. Read the topics slowly and try to evaluate the
meaning of 1st topic to the best of your abilities and then move on the next and then the next. Keep
your calm and hold your nerves and if you feel a bit nervous take some deep breaths and remove
your eyes for a moment or two and see around to make yourself comfortable. Never reach a
decision that Ohhhhhhhhhhhh it too difficult and my CSS has ended or Oh Wowww i can write all
the topics and i know every essay. In both the conditions, you have to keep a check yourself
whether you are too early onto it. Both perception are wrong and can be lethal and prove a death
blow.

Step 4
If you come the assesment that you can wirte an essay on more than one topic or even more than
select your essay as under

Make a Rough Brain Storming Outline of both the essays which you think have a tie and then opt the
one which you think better. Do it on Page 25 of your answer sheet.

Step 5
Make a outline and start writing essay.

Now you should close your Question Paper because it sometimes happens that students feel
obstruction of thoughts at the mid of the paper. That is very normal. To write an essay of 2500+
words without making a single stroke of pen dwindled out of the scope of the topic can make you
OUT of the competition. So you can have your moments during the essay paper. Obstruction of
brain occurs sometimes because you are surely in a pressure. If at this crucial time, your question
paper is open and you find that Oh My God..........! I opted the wrong topic and i should have slected
that topic. That is very dangerous situation. More dangerous than the obstruction of thoughts. So
close the question paper of fold it such that only your selected topic remains to your eyes. This
should be like Burning the boats behind.

Finding the Key word in a topic

Evaluate each topic regarding

Geographical Scope
Time / Era Scope
Segment of society of scope

For example

"Future of democracy in Pakistan is bright"

Here Time is Future

Segment of attention is all the democratic institutions / Govt / other state organs

Geographical Scope is Pakistan

So you would write the essay about the future of democracy in Pakistan. There is no need to
mention all the Govts since 1947 upto now. Your focus is Future (Time Scope). You can give brief
account in your expansion that how furture of Democracy is going to be bright. You can argue that
in past Military intervened etc etc but no need of writing 4-5 pages of history of democracy. It can
ruin your essay.

If the Topic is

"democracy in Pakistan"

Now time scope is not given

Geographically Pakistan
So here you can discuss as to why democracy in Pakistan is not so strong ans then also lead the
essay from past to future but keep a balance between both.

Outline

How to Brain Storm

Find answers of

What?
Why?
How?
about every point in your point which you are going to include in the outline.

For example
Is Future of democracy in Pakistan is bright? (What?)

Answer Yes

The ask yourself How??

Independent Judiciary
Fair Media
Public Opinion
Maturity
Young Voter
New Leadership
Literacy Rate
International Environment

etc etc etc etc you can brain storm and make points this way.

After making many points you have to connect it to the Essay.

How to Connect it to the Essay?

For Example your essay is

" Effects of Energy Crisis in Pakistan"
and you have made a point in your outline that "Frustration in Public"

You can connect it to the essay in Expansion as under :-

Ten years ago, long quest of people and vehicles on petrol pumps were seldom found. Now its a
routine matter. People have to run generators for electricity and it has caused increased cause in
usage of oil. People are frustrated of these long ques. Students cannot study at night and people can
not have a good sleep at night which has caused public frustration. Even the ladies find it difficult to
cook which makes the situation more worse. (its an example. Surely you can write much better than
this).

Before adding a point in your essay make sure you know how to connect it to the Essay topic.

For example in essay "Independence of Judiciary"

You can say that "Justice; if administered properly, establishes peace and makes sure a civilized
society. It is not important for the people that by which system of Government they are being ruled.
The thing important to them is the access to justice. Mughal King Akbar was a monarch but his
people were pleased with him because he ensured proper administration of justice. etc etc etc ..........

But you can not say it as such in an essay on importance of democracy. So this is how you will
connect your outline points to the essay.

About Essay it is said that you can also say that a crow can be white. But how you will have to give
the examiner solid reasons.

You can say that genetic engineering has developed so well. Its an era of Cloning, cross-breeding
and test-tube babies. It is no surprise to imagine a white crow now. etc etc etc. (But please if you are
a genetic engineer, donot give too many details so that the examiner gets frustrated).

Essay is a paper of English. This is your test how you convey your thinking on page and what skills
have you got and how clearly can you make your point.

Its not a paper of Knowledge.

Your points should be coherent and logical and should be seemingly connected to the topic.

Outline

Maximum Size 2.5 Pages

Minimum Size 1.5 Pages

Your outline should be strictly adhered to the topic so that if one reads your Outline without
knowing the topic he should reach the topic himself. This is the mirror test of a good outline.

You can use Headings and Sub Headings but keep it in mind make it as lengthy as manageable
within time. Too long outline will require time for expansion and closure. You can trim you essay
outline if it is too lengthy. But is should not be too short as well.
Your Outline has an effect on the examiner about you.
Topic of the essay(with marker)
Outline (Marker)
1. Introduction (pen) : -------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------
-----------------------------------------------------------------
(this introduction is introduction of the outline of the essay. Should be
2-3 lines. Just opening sentences.)

2. Heading
3. Heading
a) Sub Heading
b) ----------
c)-----------
d)----------
4. Heading
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
Conclusion.-----------------------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------. (2-3 lines only and here your outline should be

concluded and essay topic may be re-confirmed).

After the Outline

Write with Marker

Essay

and from now onward there is no need to use marker. Now only use blue pen and all the quotes and
verses should be given with blue pen only.

An essay doesnot contain headings in it. Essay goes straight. Giving Headings in between the essay
makes it like a report writing rather than an essay. However its your own choice anyhow essay
should not contain headings in the main body.

Introduction
First 2 pages should be introductory. The examiner determines what the candidate is going to write
in the whole essay.

There are many methods of making introductions.

1 Direct Style
2. Indirect Style

Direct Style

You will open up with the topic lines or start it directly and then expand it a bit. It should be like
Start to End. It is like starting directly from the topic and diverging it.

Indirect Style

Here you can make start from any relevant argument and then connect the things to your essay
topic. It is just like End to Start. It is like Converging towards the topic.

You can start with a very little brief history 2-3 lines, a quotation, a question, case study, or from the
key word of the essay topic and then ending the introductory paragraph on the essay topic.

For example an indirect introduction of the essay

" Brains, like hearts go where they are appreciated"

Brain and heart are two major and vital body organs. Brain can be considered to be the chief
executive of the body whereas heart; although it pumps blood to all the body, is thought to be the
generator of emotions and desires. They are often thought to be working in opposition to each
other but this perception is not supported generally. Rather, there is a unique combination between
the two which regulates the bodily functions and the behavior. Both organs are responsible for
developing perception about everything in life. If it is accepted that heart works in opposition to
brain, then a person should jump from an aeroplane on the sight of a beautiful waterfall or any
place of his choice. But it never happens because of the threat involved. So the brain and heart work
coherently and only those actions are carried out which have appreciation. Appreciation can be in
any form and its meanings vary from person to person. Appreciation determines the pathway
followed by us. Men of brain and scholars migrate to more developed countries in pursuit of
appreciation in the form of sky-scrapping salaries. Great military geniuses of history were found to
carry their military expeditions for land, wealth and authority. Brain gives a key importance to
appreciation in the interpersonal relations as well. Despite strong desires to advance to a very
beautiful, charming and graceful person, appreciation by that person on this advancement will be
given due consideration. Thus appreciation attracts the brain and brains, like hearts go where they
are appreciated.

In the above introduction, indirect style has been adopted which opens with the key words of the
topic Brain and Heart and from their physiologic importance, a chain of arguments connect the
three words Brain, Heart and Appreciation and in the end the introduction ends by confirming the
topic of the essay.

I have one thing to share that surely all of you can write much better than the above para. I am just
trying to share my meager knowledge.

Main Body of the Essay

After your introduction, you will move on to the Expansion of your essay.

Step - 1

Start by expanding the first heading of the outline.

Step - 2

One heading may have length as long as you can manage it within the time. For example you have 7
main headings in your heading then, you can give 2 to 2.5 pages (depends upon the size of your
writing and words per page as well). And also if you have very strong arguments about a certain
heading you can elongate it too. And for those arguments where you feel like lacking the depth
knowledge, then it is better to write less and be superficial rather than incorporating a wrong
justification. Only slightly touch it.

Step-3

Try to explain all the headings by arguments in your essay step wise. It will be more beautiful if you
keep the order of te outline. It will make your essay coherent.

Step-4

In this way you will unlock all the headings of the outline and then step-wise
lock them back. It should be such that if you start writing one argument, discuss it, narrate it,
expand it to the required length, justify it with solid reasons and then re-confirm it and then move
towards the next heading.

Step-5

You must arrive at the conclusion of the essay after having discussed all the outline headings
(ideally) when there are 20 minutes left at the least. If you feel like running out of time, then you
can shorten some of the arguments of your essay. But be aware, without conclusion, your essay
stands no where.

Step-6

Conclusion

Conclusion is not Suggestion. Always remember it.

In conclusion, no new argument should be added. You will just sum up the arguments and
justification to support your stance in the conclusion and here your justifications should resonate
the essay topic and should re-confirm it. This is must part of essay. You can give your own
perception as well. But never add something new in the conclusion. Conclusion never means
suggestions. Here you just re-confirm your essay topic or the stance you have maintained in the
essay. Here you will support all your essay. This is a backdoor of the essay from where you exit.

Its length should be ideally less than introductory para more ideally one half of your introduction in
length. It should be concise and to the point.

In conclusion, you show the examiner that you are confident on yourself and you re-confirm
yourself.

Before starting your conclusion, do write the words, "in the end", "to conclude" etc etc.

Also it is inappropriate to start your conclusion suddenly. It should be smooth in the essay. It
should not look like in essay that you were arguing and justifying and abruptly you realized that oh
my God......! only five minutes are left. And you stop your arguments and right after that para you
straight away write "To conclude"...........just like a car was moving at the speed of 40Km/hour and
suddenly it stopped and took a 180 degree U-Turn.

You will bring the reader of the essay slowly towards the end of the essay. Your outline should be
such that your last 2 or at least one heading is like a closure of the essay. It would help you keeping
to the track. You will systematically move to the conclusion yourself. The reader will assess himself
that its now heading towards the closure.

Transition from Essay Body to Conclusion should be smooth, coherent, in order and must come as a
gradual step in essay. It should feel like gradually going the stairs instead of a jump from the top of
the roof. It should look like a part of the essay and a part of gradual descending towards the
conclusion. It should not be like a misfit brick in the wall.

How to make arguments?

Each headline has to be discussed as an argument developing. Your argument should ideally be
Justified, logical, solid, relevant and comprehensively connected with the essay topic. It can be
justified with references to any surveys if possible and if general in form should consist of solid
reasons.

How to make an argument?

Approach should be from General to Specific.

For example, You are writing an essay on " Causes of Terrorism" and in an argument you want to
tell the examiner that how terrorism is caused by injustice to people. , you can say that
" Its a rule of thumb that true administration of justice brings peace in society".

It is a general Opening of the Heading "Injustice" in the Essay "Causes of Terrorism". This is a
general statement and not a quote or saying. You can carve it on your own. Now you will connect it
to the Essay topic. You can say

"ts a rule of thumb that true administration of justice brings peace in society. Justice brings the
people under the ambit of law. The powerful become accountable for their deeds and when the
powerful is answerable to law, a unique harmony prevails on such a society. The rich and the poor,
the powerful and the powerless become equal. When they become equal in the eyes of law, reasons
for any conflict are minimized because any deed of a person or group of persons to subjugate others
is checked by the law. When such a justice is administered, people respect the law and they tend to
obey laws as much as possible. When a weaker person gets his right from the court, he would never
like to take guns and grenades in his hand and become a criminal to take revenge at his own. This
only happens in those societies where conflicts arise due to non-existence of law and non-provision
of proper justice. For example, (here give examples of some countries where human rights have
been violated and terrorism is common). So no justice means no peace and no peace means war and
war of the powerless against the powerful for his legitimate rights has been defined as the
Terrorism in the modern world. Hence, non-provision of justice is a main cause of terrorism."

(Surely my English and knowledge is not that good. You can surely write more comprehensive than
this). You can give justifications by quoting examples of those countries where justice exists and
terrorism is not found and vice versa to strengthen your argument.)

You can use any kind of expansion which you think appropriate for you. The main aim was to share
my meager knowledge about making arguments in an essay.

Gender Equality is a myth

1. Gender Equality
a. Physiological Perspective
b. Psychological Perspective
2. Creation of Adam and Eve
a. Who was created first?
b. Had Adam any priority over Eve?
3. How gender discrimination started?
a. Physiological superiority of male gender
b. Lawlessness
4. Status of genders in ancient times
a. Roman Laws
b. Mosaic Law
c. Hinduism
5. Change in status of gender in late 19th Century
6. Status of gender in West
Gender equality to liberalism
Anti-Islam philosphy and its impacts
Vulgarity
Deterioration moral values

7. Status of gender in Islam

Social
Political
Spiritual
8. Is gender equality a myth or a reality?
9. How to implement gender equality?
10. Conclusion. Both the genders have been created by God of the same nature. The word mate has
been used and both genders are equal in the eyes of law. They have different roles in society due to
their biological differences.

What should not be done in an essay?

Do not try to insert heavy words at the cost of scope of the essay. Some time we know a heavy word
and intend to FIT it forcefully in the essay even it is not necessary. Then to insert such a word we
often carve a sentence to FIT that word. Sometimes it affects the spirit of the essay and instead of
making a good impact, they; being misfit, annoy the reader. Examiner very quickly spot such efforts
of inserting heaving words.

Be simple and natural. Do not try to stuff your essays with heavy words. Essay is a test of writing
skills of English whether you are able to convey your thoughts through pen or not. Insertion of
heavy words is not the requirement. Yes, if your English is that good and advanced and you are well
equipped with vocabulary, your writing style will tell itself to the reader and then it will be
coherent.