LESSON

LESSON II

USING
USINGAND
AND MAINTAINING
MAINTAINING HAND
HAND
TOOLS
TOOLS
(WEEK
(WEEK1)
1)

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following:

LO 1. Plan and Prepare for task to be undertaken

LO 2. Prepare hand tools;
LO 3. Use appropriate hand tools and
LO 4. Maintain hand tools.

Definition of Terms

Bin - a container or enclosed space for storage.

Computer chassis - the enclosure that contains most of the components of a computer.
Diagnostic tools - used to test the integrity of circuits and the quality of electricity in computer
components and to test the functionality of computer ports.
Hazards - risks; dangers.
Insulation - a material that reduces or prevents the transmission of heat or sound or electricity.
Nozzle - a projecting part with an opening, as at the end of a hose, for regulating and erecting a flow
of fluid.
Preventive - intended or used to prevent or hinder.
Static electricity - an accumulation of electric charge on an insulated body
Tool - a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task.
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K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES)

Activity Sheet No.: 1

Activity Title: Preparing for the task to be undertaken

Learning Competency: LO 1 Prepare hand tools
Learning Target: 1.1 Identify tasks to be undertaken properly.
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12UHT-IIIa-17

LO.1 Concept Notes

A tool is a handheld device that aids in accomplishing a task. Tools range from a traditional
metal cutting part of a machine to an element of a computer program that activates and controls a
particular function.

Preparing for the task to be undertaken includes proper tool selection.

1. How do you select the best tool for the job? First, know and understand in detail the scope of
work to be accomplished, second, plan for the scope taking into account the sequence of tasks.
2. Selecting the best tool for each task requires training in the proper use of the tools, field
experience in their safe use, and following the manufacturer’s guidance and instructions for that
specific tool.
3. When obtaining the tool all the associated tooling and consumable parts, as recommended
by the manufacturer, must be included. In addition, related consumable parts must also be selected
and used according to their manufacturer’s instructions.

Safe Use of tools

Once selected, use the tool for the purpose for which it was designed. Not all tools come with
detailed instructions, but there are those that do spell out the safety ―Do’s and Don’ts for your safety.
If there are set-up/use options, operator judgment must always be based on what is the safest way to
use the tool.

Environmental Safety and Health Program requires the following:

• All tools be kept in good condition with regular maintenance
• The right tool be used for the job
• Each tool be examined before use AND damaged or defective tools NOT to be used
• Tools be operated according to manufacturer’s instructions
• The right protective equipment for the tool and activity be used

LO1
A. Direction. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. Write your answers on
a separate sheet of paper.
_______ 1. Selecting the best tool for each task requires training in the proper use of he tools, field
experience in their safe use, and following the manufacturer’s guidance and instructions for that
specific tool.
_______ 2. When obtaining the tool, all the associated tooling and consumable parts, as recommended
by the manufacturer, must be included.
_______ 3. The safe use of a tool depends on using the tool for the purpose for which it was designed
and also for other purposes where it can be used as substitute where tool is not available.
_______ 4. All tools should be kept in good condition with regular maintenance.
_______ 5. Preparing for a task includes only knowing the task to be done.
_______ 6. Preparing for a task includes also the sequence of tasks to be done.
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Activity Sheet No.: 2

Activity Title: HARDWARE TOOLS

Learning Competency: LO 2 Prepare hand tools

Learning Target: 2.1 Check appropriate hand tools for proper operations and safety.
2.2 Identify and mark unsafe or faulty tools for repair according to standard company procedure
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12UHT-IIIb-18

LO 2 Concept Notes
HARDWARE TOOLS

To complete hardware repairs, it is important to have a toolkit that should contain all of the
necessary tools. As you gain experience, you will learn which tools to have available for different types
of jobs. Hardware tools are grouped into these four categories:
 Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) tools
 Hand tools
 Cleaning tools
 Diagnostic tools

Electro-Static Discharge (ESD) Tools

Static electricity is easily generated by friction on carpets, tile flooring, clothing, hair, fabric,
and etc. The friction of moving air alone will charge suspended particles and cause the buildup of
static electrical charges on people and objects in the environment. Grounded antistatic work mats
used with antistatic wrist straps provide the most basic means for the controlled discharge of
electrostatic electricity. Examples of ESD Tools:

Anti-static wrist strap – Anti-static mat – used to stand

used to prevent ESD on or place hardware on to
damage to computer prevent static electricity from
equipment. building up.

Hand Tools
A hand tool is a device for performing work on a material or a physical system using only
hands. The hand tools can be manually used employing force, or electrically powered, using electrical
current. Examples of Hand Tools:

Flat head screwdriver – Philips head screwdriver – used

used to loosen or tighten to loosen or tighten crosshead
slotted screws. screws.
Torx screwdriver - used to loosen or Hex driver – sometimes called a
tighten screws that have a nut driver, is used to tighten nuts in
star-like depression on the the same way that a screwdriver
top, a tightens
feature that is mainly screws.
found on laptop.
Needle-nose plier – used Wire cutter – used to strip and cut
to hold small parts. wires.

Tweezers – used to Part retriever – used to retrieve

manipulate small parts. parts from location that are to small
for your hand to fit.
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Flashlight – used to
light up areas that you
cannot see well.
Cleaning Tools

Having the appropriate cleaning tools is essential when maintaining or repairing computers.
Using these tools ensures that computer components are not damaged during cleaning.
Examples:
Lint-free cloth – used to Compressed air – used to
clean different computer blow away dust and debris
components without from different computer
scratching or leaving parts without touching the
debris. components.
Cable ties – used to bundle Parts organizer – used to
cables neatly inside and hold screw, jumpers,
outside of a computer. fasteners and other small
parts and prevents them
from getting mixed
together.
Diagnostic Tools
Computers are easier to use and more dependable with each new generation of hardware and
operating system update, but that doesn't mean they're problem-free. Here's the most popular tools
for diagnosing your computer problems:

Multimeter – used to test Loopback Adapter – used

the integrity of circuits and to test the functionality of
the quality of electricity in computer ports.
computer components.

LO 2
A. Direction. Select the letter of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Which tool is used for hardware to stand on to prevent static electricity from building up?
a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter
2. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten cross-head screws?
a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter
3. Which tool is sometimes called a nut driver? It is used to tighten nuts in the same way that a
screwdriver tightens screws?
a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter
4. Which tool is used to strip and cut wires?
a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter
5. Which tool is used to retrieve parts from location that are too small for your hand to fit?
a. Part Retriever b. Lint-free Cloth c. Cable ties d. Flat head screwdriver
6. Which tool is used to clean different computer components without scratching or leaving debris?
a. Part Retriever b. Lint-free Cloth c. Cable ties d. Flat head screwdriver
7. Which tool is used to bundle cables neatly inside and outside of a computer?
a. Part Retriever b. Lint-free Cloth c. Cable ties d. Flat head screwdriver
8. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten slotted screws?
a. Part Retriever b. Lint-free Cloth c. Cable ties d. Flat head screwdriver
9. Which tool is used to loosen or tighten screws that have a star-like depression on the top, a feature
that is mainly found on laptop?
a. Anti-static mat b. Torx screwdriver c. Philips head screwdriver d. Wire cutter
10. Which tool is used to blow away dust and debris from different computer parts without touching
the components?
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a. Anti-static mat b. Hex driver c. Compressed air d. Wire

cutter
Activity Sheet No.: 3

Activity Title: PROPER USE OF TOOLS

Learning Competency: LO 3 Use appropriate hand tools and test equipment.
Learning Target: 3.1 Use tools according to tasks undertaken.
3.2 Observe all safety procedures in using tools at all times and use appropriate PPE
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12UHT-IIIc-19

LO 3
PROPER USE OF TOOLS

Proper Use of ESD Tools

The purpose of an antistatic wrist strap is to equalize the electrical charge between you and the
equipment. The antistatic wrist strap is a conductor that connects your body to the equipment that
you are working on. When static electricity builds up in your body, the connection made by the wrist
strap to the equipment, or ground, channels the electricity through the wire that connects the strap.
The wrist strap has two parts and is easy to wear:
1. Wrap the strap around your wrist and secure it using the snap or Velcro. The metal on the back of
the wrist strap must remain in contact with your skin at all times.
2. Snap the connector at the end of the wire to the wrist strap, and connect the other end either to
the equipment or to the same grounding point that the antistatic mat is connected to.
An antistatic mat is slightly conductive. It works by drawing static electricity away from a component
and transferring it safely from equipment to a grounding point:
1. Lay the mat on the workspace next to or under the computer case.
2. Clip the mat to the case to provide a grounded surface on which you can place parts as you
remove them from the system. Reducing the potential for ESD reduces the likelihood of damage to
delicate circuits or components.

Proper Use of Hand Tools

A technician needs to be able to properly use each tool in the toolkit. This topic covers many of
the various hand tools used when repairing computers.

Screws
Match each screw with the proper screwdriver. Place the tip of the screwdriver on the head of
the screw. Turn the screwdriver clockwise to tighten the screw and counterclockwise to loosen the
screw. Screws can become stripped if you over-tighten them with a screwdriver. A stripped screw may
get stuck in the screw hole, or it may not tighten firmly. Discard stripped screws.

Flat head screwdriver

Use a flat head screwdriver when you are working with a slotted screw. Do not use a flat head
screwdriver to remove a Phillips head screw. Never use a screwdriver as a pry bar. If you cannot
remove a component, check to see if there is a clip or latch that is securing the component in place.
CAUTION: If excessive force is needed to remove or add a component, something is probably wrong.
Take a second look to make sure that you have not missed a screw or a locking clip that is holding the
component in place. Refer to the device manual or diagram for additional information.

Phillips head screwdriver

Use a Phillips head screwdriver with crosshead screws. Do not use this type of screwdriver to
puncture anything. This will damage the head of the screwdriver.

Hex driver
Use a hex driver to loosen and tighten bolts that have a hexagonal (six-sided) head. Hex bolts
should not be over-tightened because the threads of the bolts can be stripped. Do not use a hex driver
that is too large for the bolt that you are using.
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CAUTION: Some tools are magnetized. When working around electronic devices, be sure that the tools
you are using have not been magnetized. Magnetic fields can be harmful to data stored on magnetic
media. Test your tool by touching the tool with a screw. If the screw is attracted to the tool, do not use
the tool.

Part retriever, Needle-nose pliers, or tweezers

The part retriever, needle-nose pliers, and tweezers can be used to place and retrieve parts hat
may be hard to reach with your fingers. Do not scratch or hit any components when using these tools.
CAUTION: Pencils should not be used inside the computer to change the setting of switches or to pry
off jumpers. The pencil lead can act as a conductor and may damage the computer components.

Proper Use of Cleaning Materials

Keeping computers clean inside and out is a vital part of a maintenance program. Dirt can
cause problems with the physical operation of fans, buttons, and other mechanical components. On
electrical components, an excessive buildup of dust will act like an insulator and trap the heat. This
insulation will impair the ability of heat sinks and cooling fans to keep components cool, causing chips
and circuits to overheat and fail.

CAUTION: When compressed air is used to clean inside the computer, the air should be blown around
the components with a minimum distance of four inches from the nozzle. The power supply and the
fan should be cleaned from the back of the case.

CAUTION: Before cleaning any device, turn it off and unplug the device from the power source.

Computer Cases and Monitors

Clean computer cases and the outside of monitors with a mild cleaning solution on a damp, lint-
free cloth. Mix one drop of dishwashing liquid with four ounces of water to create the cleaning solution.
If any water drips inside the case, allow enough time for the liquid to dry before powering on the
computer.

LCD Screens
Do not use ammoniated glass cleaners or any other solution on an LCD screen, unless the
cleaner is specifically designed for the purpose. Harsh chemicals will damage the coating on the
screen. There is no glass protecting these screens, so be gentle when cleaning them and do not press
firmly on the screen.

CRT Screens
To clean the screens of CRT monitors, dampen a soft, clean, lint-free cloth with distilled water
and wipe the screen from top to bottom. Then use a soft, dry cloth to wipe the screen and remove any
streaking after you have cleaned the monitor. Clean dusty components with a can of compressed air.
Compressed air does not cause electrostatic buildup on components. Make sure that you are in a well-
ventilated area before blowing the dust out of the computer. A best practice is to wear a dust mask to
make sure that you do not breathe in the dust particles. Blow out the dust using short bursts from the
can. Never tip the can or use the compressed air can upside down. Do not allow the fan blades to spin
from the force of the compressed air. Hold the fan in place. Fan motors can be ruined from spinning
when the motor is not turned on.

Component Contacts
Clean the contacts on components with isopropyl alcohol. Do not use rubbing alcohol. Rubbing alcohol
contains impurities that can damage contacts. Make sure that the contacts do not collect any lint from
the cloth or cotton swab. Blow any lint off the contacts with compressed air before reinstallation.

Keyboard
Clean a desktop keyboard with compressed air or a small, hand-held vacuum cleaner with a brush
attachment.
CAUTION: Never use a standard vacuum cleaner inside a computer case. The plastic parts of the
vacuum cleaner can build up static electricity and discharge to the components. Use only a vacuum
approved for electronic components.
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Mouse
Use glass cleaner and a soft cloth to clean the outside of the mouse. Do not spray glass cleaner
directly on the mouse.
\

LO 3

A. Direction. Identify the appropriate tool to use for each of the following:

_________________ 1. Equalize the electrical charge between you and the equipment.
_________________ 2. Tighten / loosen screw
_________________ 3. Tighten / looses bold with a hexagonal head
_________________ 4. Retrieve parts that may be hard to reach by your fingers
_________________ 5. Tighten / loosen a slotted screw.

B. Direction: Complete the computer cleaning chart shown below.

COMPUTER MAINTENANCE

COMPONENTS TO CLEAN CLEAN WITH:

Computer case and outside monitor Mild cleaning solution and lint free cloth
(sample)
Keyboard
Mouse
LCD screen
CRT screen
Heat sink
RAM

C. Direction. Fill in the blanks. Write your answers on you answer sheet.

1. The purpose of an antistatic wrist strap is to ________ the electrical charge between you and the
equipment.
2. Turn the screwdriver _________ to tighten the screw
3. Turn the screwdriver ________________ to loosen the screw.
4. Use a ________ head screwdriver with crosshead screws.
5. On electrical components, an excessive buildup of dust will act like an _________ and trap the heat.
6. When compressed air is used to clean inside the computer, the air should be blown around the
components with a minimum distance of ______ inches from the nozzle.
7. Pencils should not be used inside the computer to change the setting of switches or to pry off
jumpers because the tip contains _____ which can act as a conductor and may damage the computer
components.
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8. To clean the screens of CRT monitors, dampen a soft, clean, lint-free cloth with _______ water and
wipe
the screen from top to bottom.
9. Clean the contacts on components with _________ alcohol.
10. Use a __________ to loosen and tighten bolts that have a hexagonal (six-sided) head.

Activity Sheet No.: 4

Activity Title: TOOL AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE
Learning LO 4 Maintain hand tools
Competency:
Learning Target: 4.1 Do not drop tools to avoid damage; carry out routine maintenance of tools
according to standard operational procedures, principles, and techniques
4.2 Store tools safely in appropriate locations in accordance with manufacturer’s
specifications or standard operating procedures
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12UHT-IIId-20

LO. 4

TOOL AND EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE

All tools and equipment must be properly maintained so that workers are not endangered.
Regulations require inspections of tools, machines, and equipment before use. Preventive
maintenance is the systematic care and protection of tools, equipment, and machines in order to keep
them in a safe, usable condition, limit downtime and extend productivity. We must always be aware
that maintenance tasks themselves are potentially hazardous and can result in injury. The successful
maintenance program is:
 well organized and scheduled,
 controls hazards,
 defines operational procedures, and
 trains key personnel.
The degree of detail to include regarding tools and equipment maintenance will depend on the
kinds of tools/equipment used. Some construction equipment may have very specific inspection and
maintenance requirements. Electronic equipment may have different maintenance requirements.
Hand tools may require only basic maintenance. Power tools should be maintained in good working
order. This may be limited to ensuring that blades/bits are replaced when needed and those guards or
other safety devices are operable, and any damaged electrical cords/plugs are repaired or replaced.
Damaged or defective equipment/tools should be tagged and removed from service. Most
manufacturers can provide maintenance schedules for their equipment. Large companies typically
have a comprehensive maintenance program due to the capital investment and/or leasing
agreements. Smaller companies may lease equipment and maintenance services may be included in
the leasing agreement. General requirements for tools and equipment maintenance include:
 Obtaining a copy of the maintenance schedule recommended by the manufacturer.
 Ensuring that maintenance is performed as required.
 Ensuring that the person(s) performing the maintenance are competent (e.g. licensed
mechanic)
 Retaining records of maintenance/service conducted
 Specifying who is responsible for overseeing equipment maintenance and where the records
are kept.
 Set up a system for removal and tagging of damaged or defective tools and equipment.

PROPER STORAGE OF TOOLS, PARTS, AND EQUIPMENT

To ensure that tools and equipment remain in good condition and last for a long time, store
them properly. Properly stored tools and equipment will be easy to find when needed and are less
likely to be lost.
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Good practices include:

 Parts should be properly stored and labeled
(Figure 1).
 Tools should be properly placed on the board
and labeled (Figure 2). Consider drawing the
shapes of the tools on the board so that they
always get put back in the same position.
 Use bins for storing small parts (Figure 3).
 Consider making an individual (or
individuals) responsible for the good
maintenance of tools and parts.

Benefits:
 Tools and parts are kept in good condition and are easy to find
 Costs are reduced.
 Productivity is increased because time is not wasted looking for tools, parts and equipment.
 Workshop staffs develop a sense of responsibility and pride in their work.

LO 4

Directions: Enumerate the following.

Good practices in the proper storage of tools: (at least 2)
1.
2.
Benefits of proper storage of tools: (at least 2)
1.
2.
Directions. Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is wrong. Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.

1. All tools and equipment must be properly maintained so that workers are not endangered.
2. Preventive maintenance is the systematic care and protection of tools, equipment and machines in
order to keep them in a safe, usable condition limit downtime and extend productivity.
3. The degree of detail to include regarding tools and equipment maintenance will depend on the
kinds of tools/equipment used.
4. Damaged or defective equipment/tools should be tagged and removed from service.
5. Most manufacturers can provide maintenance schedules for their equipment.
6. Properly stored tools and equipment will be easy to find when needed and are less likely to be lost.
7. Use bins for storing small parts is a good practice on proper storage.
8. Productivity is increased because time is not lost looking for tools, parts and equipment is one of
the benefits of proper storage.

LO 3 Performance Tasks
A. Direction: Conduct a maintenance activity on the given hand tools.
TOOLS MAINTENANCE ACTIVITY
1. Flat Head Screwdriver (example) Clean and Magnetize
2. Philips Head Screwdriver (example) Clean and Magnetize
3. Torx Screwdriver (example) Clean and Magnetize
4. Hex Driver (example) Clean and Magnetize
5. Needle-Nose Plier (example) Clean and Lubricate
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6. Wire Cutter (example) Clean, Lubricate and Sharpen

7. Tweezer (example) Clean
8. Part Retriever (example) Clean
9. Flashlight (example) Clean and Change batteries if
drained
10. Multimeter (example) Clean and Calibrate

B. Direction: Prepare a matrix on Plan Preparation in maintaining and cleaning a personal

computer. Some items are already given for you. Continue the Table.

COMPUTER MAINTENANCE

COMPONENTS TO CLEAN SCHEDULE Tools to use

Computer case and outside Daily (sample)

monitor
Keyboard

C. Direction: Using the given tools, segregate the following according to its classification.
(The teacher will provide the tools for classification)

SCORING RUBRICS: for Activity Sheet 1.2

Criteria:
Points
Number of Tools classified
20-22 10
15-19 8
10-14 6
5-9 4
1-4 2
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LESSON
LESSON II
II

PERFORMING
PERFORMING COMPUTER
COMPUTER
OPERATIONS
OPERATIONS (PCO)
(PCO)
WEEK
WEEK2-3
2-3

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following:

LO 1. Plan and prepare for task to be undertaken

LO 2. Input data into the computer
LO 3. Access information using computer
LO 4. Produce output using computer system
LO 5. Use basic functions of a www-browser to locate
information

Definition of Terms
Computer - an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to
instructions given to it in a variable program
Hardware - the physical components of a computer.
Software refers to the intangible part of the computer system that consists of routines and programs,
procedures and specialized aids (for example, compilers and library routines) that make the
hardware components perform their functions.
Computer data storage - storage or memory, which can save digital data. Examples are RAM, hard
disks, CDs, DVDs and removable flash memory sticks.
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Activity Sheet No.: 1

Activity Title: OHS Policies & Procedures
Learning LO 1 Plan and prepare for task to be undertaken
Competency:
Learning Target: 1.3 Plan a task to ensure that OSH guidelines and procedures are followed
1.4 Follow client-specific guidelines and procedures
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-Ic-d-4

LO 1 Concept Notes

OHS Policies & Procedures

When you use the personal computer, you should take precautions against eyestrain, wrist
injury, and pains in the head, shoulder, back, and neck. These parts are easily affected when you use
your computer for a long time.

Good Posture
Sit up straight. Feet flat on the floor, use a footrest if needed.
Position your lower arms parallel with the floor and level to your keyboard, with elbows at your
side.
Keep wrists straight to prevent carpal tunnel syndrome.
Do not lean into the monitor, but sit close enough to the keyboard and the mouse to stay
relaxed.

Good Working Habits

Tap on the keys/mouse buttons gently.
Avoid long, uninterrupted periods of typing.
Take short stretch breaks, ideally every 20 minutes, to
prevent fatigue.
Avoid staring at the monitor for long periods.
Take vision breaks: Focus on objects at least 20 feet away.
Do eye exercises.

Proper Care of Computer

Use an Automatic Voltage Regulator (AVR).
Unplug your system during lightning storms, even if it is
surge protected.
Disconnect from the Internet during lightning storms to
protect modems.
Avoid octopus connections.

LO 1
Directions: Write down your plan of actions for taking care of the following:
A. Computer users
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
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B. Computer equipment
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Activity Sheet No.: 2

Activity Title: Introduction to Computer

Learning Competency: LO 2 Input data into computer
Learning Target: 2.1 Enter the data into the computer using appropriate program/application in
accordance with company procedures
2.2 Check the accuracy of information and save the information in accordance
with standard operating procedures
2.3 Store inputted data is in storage media according to requirements
2.4 Perform work within ergonomic guidelines
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12PCO–Id-e-5

LO 2 Concept Notes
Computer - an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form, according to
instructions given to it in a variable program

COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER SYSTEM

A. Hardware - the physical components of a computer.

HARDWARE CATEGORIES (Functional Parts)

The Input devices are used by the user to enter data, commands and programs to the
computer.
Most common input devices are:
Keyboard, mouse, trackball, joystick, light pen, scanners and digital cameras

Output Devices
Most common output devices are:
Monitor or Display, Printer and speakers

B. Software refers to the intangible part of the computer system that consists of routines and
programs, procedures and specialized aids (for example, compilers and library routines) that
make the hardware components perform their functions.
Computer software can be classified into following categories:
1. Operating system (OS) is the basic software responsible for interacting with the hardware. It
is the foundation on which user programs and application programs are built.
2. Application programs is the catch-all name for all programs that are used for carrying out
specific tasks - office document creation (word processor), pay roll processing (spreadsheet),
publisher etc.
3. Utility Programs

C. Data ware. The systematic and organized collection of data and procedures relevant to the
organization

D. People ware. Refers to personnel who manage and use the computer system, who design the
applications and systems software, who write and encode the programs and who run the
hardware.

Computer Basic Operations

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Input is whatever goes into the computer. Input can take a variety of forms, from commands
you enter by keyboard to data from another computer (via a network connection) or device (via direct
or network connection). A device that feeds data into a computer, such as a keyboard or mouse, is
called an input device.
Output is any information (data) that comes out of a computer. Output devices can be other
computers, display screens, speakers, and printers.
Storage
Computer data storage is referred to as storage or memory, which can save digital data.
Examples are RAM, hard disks, CDs, DVDs and removable flash memory sticks.
Permanent, or non-volatile, storage devices do not require power to remember the data stored.
Mass storage devices, like hard disk, are non-volatile; a loss of power does not affect their ability to
retain data. This category also includes ROM (Read Only Memory).
Temporary or volatile storage is more often called "memory". A loss of power means that any
data stored will be lost irretrievably. When you are using an application, such as a word processor, the
data (the document you are working on) is stored in RAM (Random Access Memory). If you lose power
without explicitly saving your work, you will likely lose data.
Processing
The processor is the brain of a computer. It's also called the CPU (Central processing unit) and
it is a microchip. For a non-programmer, this is where all the real action is. Programs just set the stage
and direct the play. (In this off hand analogy, the play itself, in written form, would be most like a
program.)
The processor actually performs very simple operations like basic arithmetic and comparing
two values (but that may be like saying a stage actor just speaks, moves and emotes).
Despite it's apparent simplicity, the CPU does in fact run the show, controlling all of the
peripherals while executing the current software commands.

LO 2
Directions: Identify the following:
1. _____ the brain and the heart of a computer system
2. _____ is a volatile memory
3. _____ they are computer display screens, speakers, and printers
4. _____ any information (data) that comes out of a computer
5. _____ person who manage and use the computer system
6. _____ the main output device of a computer
7. _____ intangible part of the computer system
8. _____ the physical components of a computer
9. _____ an electronic device for storing and processing data, typically in binary form,
according to instructions given to it in a variable program
10. _____ the basic software responsible for interacting with the hardware
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 7/8
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES)

Activity Sheet No.: 3

Activity Title: Using MS Office Applications MS World 2010

Learning Competency: LO 3 Access information using computer
Learning Target: 3.1 Select correct program/application based on job requirements
3.2 Access program/application containing the information required according to
company procedures
References: https://www.tutorialspoint.com/word/index.htm TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-Ie-f-6

LO 3 and 4 Concept Notes

Getting Started With Word 2010

In this lesson, we will discuss how to get started with Word 2010. We will understand how to
start a Word 2010 application in simple steps. Assuming you have Microsoft Office 2010 installed in
your PC, to start the Word application, follow these steps –

Step 1 − Click the Start button.

Step 2 − Click the All Programs option from the menu
Step 3 − Search for Microsoft Office from the submenu and click it.
Step 4 − Search for Microsoft Word 2010 from the submenu and click it.

Explore Window in Word 2010

Entering Text

Document area is the area where you type

your text. The flashing vertical bar is called the
insertion point and it represents the location where
the text will appear when you type. Keep the cursor
at the text insertion point and start typing the text.
The text appears to the left of the insertion point as
you type −
The following are the two important points that will
help you while typing −
 You do not need to press Enter to start a new
line. As the insertion point reaches the end of
the line, Word automatically starts a new one.
You will need to press Enter, to add a new
paragraph.
 When you want to add more than one space
between words, use the Tab key instead of the spacebar. This way you can properly align text
by using the proportional fonts.

Saving New Document

Once you are done with typing in your new Word document, it is time to save your document
to avoid losing work you have done on
a Word document. Following are the
steps to save an edited Word
document −
Step 1 − Click the File tab and
select the Save As option.
Step 2 − Select a folder where you will like to save the document, Enter the file name which you want
to
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 7/8
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES)

give to your document and Select the Save As option, by default it is the .docx format.
Step 3 − Finally, click on the Save button and your document will be saved with the entered name in
the selected folder.

Saving New Changes

There may be an instance when you open an existing document and edit it partially or completely
or an instance where you may like to save the changes in between editing of the document. If you
want to save this document with the same name, then you can use either of the following simple
options −
Just press the Ctrl + S keys to save the changes. Optionally you can click on the floppy icon
available at the top left corner and just above the File tab. This option will also help you save the
changes. You can also use the third method to save the changes, which is the Save option available
just above the Save As option as shown in the above screenshot.

Opening New Document

A new, blank document always opens when you start Microsoft Word. Suppose you want to
start another new document while you are working on another document, or you closed an already
opened document and want to start a new document. Here are the steps to open a new document −
Step 1 − Click the File tab and select the New option.
Step 2 − When you select the New option from the first column, it will display a list of templates in
the
second column. Double-click on the Blank document; this is the first option in the template list. The
document is now ready for you to start typing your text.

Opening Existing Document

Step 1 − Click the File tab and select the Open option.
Step 2 − This will display the following file Open dialog box. This lets you navigate through different
folders and files, and also lets you select a file which you want to open.
Step 3 − Finally, locate and select a file which you want to open and click the small triangle available
on the Open button to open the file. You will have different options to open the file, but simply use
the Open option.

Closing a Document

Here are simple steps to close an opened document −

Step 1 − Click the File tab and select the Close option.
Step 2 − When you select the Close option and if the document is not saved before closing, it will
display
the following Warning box asking whether the document should be saved or not.
Step 3 − To save the changes, click Save, otherwise click Don't Save. To go back to the document,
click Cancel. This will close the document and if you have other documents open,

Printing Documents

The following steps will help you print your Microsoft Word document.
Step 1 − Open the document for which you want to see the preview. Next click the File tab followed
by
the Print option which will display a preview of the document in the right column. You can
scroll up or scroll down your document to walk through the document using given Scrollbar.
The middle column gives various options to be set before you send your document to the
printer.
Step 2 − You can set various other printing options available. Select from among the following
options,
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 7/8
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES)

depending on your preferences.

Step 3 − Once you are done with your setting, click on the Print button which will send your
document
to the printer for final printing.

LO 2

Directions: Match column A. with column B.

A. B.

1. area where you type your text. a. Save as

2. flashing vertical bar b. Print

3. keys to save the changes c. insertion point

4. saving documents in different name or folder. d. Document area

5. button to print document. e. Ctr+s

Operation Sheet LO 3 & 4

Input data into the computer and produce output using computer system

Suggested activity:

1. Using Microsoft office word input data (song lyrics or poem) into the computer.
2. Save the document/s
3. Using Microsoft formatting tools, format text and paragraph as to font color, font size, align
left align right, center etc.
4. Print the document/s

Scoring Rubrics:

Criteria Score

Excellent 96-100

Very Good 86-95

Good 76-85

Poor 65-75
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 7/8
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES)

Activity Sheet No.: 5

Activity Title: Use Basic Functions of WWW-browsers to Locate Information

Learning Competency: LO 5 Use basic functions of a www browser to locate information
Learning Target: 5.1 Establish information requirements for internet search 5.2 Launch browser
5.3 Load search engine
5.4 Enter appropriate search criteria/or URL of site
5.5 Follow relevant links to locate required information
References: TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-Ig-h-8

LO 5 Concept Notes

Use Basic Functions of WWW-browsers to Locate

Information

What is a Web Browser?

A web browser is a software application for
retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources on the World Wide Web.

What is WWW?
WWW stands for World Wide Web. An information space where documents and other web
resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs), interlinked by hypertext links, and can
be accessed via the Internet.

Examples of Web Browsers:

Google Chrome
A freeware web browser developed by Google.
Mozilla Firefox
A free and open-source web browser developed by the Mozilla Foundation and its
subsidiary the Mozilla Corporation.
Opera
A web browser for Windows, macOS, and Linux operating systems developed by Opera
Software.
Safari
A web browser developed by Apple based on the WebKit engine.
Microsoft Edge
A web browser developed by Microsoft and included in Windows 10, Windows 10
Mobile and Xbox One, replacing Internet Explorer as the default web browser on all device
classes.
What is a Uniform Resource Locator?
Colloquially termed a web address, is a reference to a web resource that specifies its location
on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it.

LO 5
Directions: Identify the following:
1. _____ a software application for retrieving, presenting and traversing information resources
on the World Wide Web
2. _____ A freeware web browser developed by Google
3. _____ Colloquially termed a web address, is a reference to a web resource that specifies its
location on a computer network and a mechanism for retrieving it
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 7/8
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES)

4. _____ an information space where documents and other web resources are identified by
URLs, interlinked by hypertext links, and can be accessed via the Internet
5. _____ a web browser for Windows, macOS, and Linux operating systems developed by Opera
Software

Operation Sheet LO 5

A. Web searching

Using your computer:

 Open Google Chrome
 Type in the URL: www.google.com
 In the search engine type in: examples of web browsers

B. Use link to view web pages

C. Bookmark WebPages
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 7/8
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES)

Activity Sheet No.: 6

Activity Title: Maintenance Procedures

Learning Competency: LO 6 Maintain computer equipment and systems
Learning Target: 6.1 Implement procedures for ensuring security of data, including regular
backups and virus checks in accordance with standard operating procedures
6.2 Implement basic file maintenance procedures in line with the standards
operating procedures
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 10,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12PCO-Ii-j-9

LO 6 Concept Notes
Maintenance Procedures

Planning and preparing systematic maintenance procedure will save time, money and frustration.
It is a good idea and opportunity to learn the proper care and maintenance of your computer.
PC maintenance is an important topic for anyone who owns a PC. Looking after your PC properly
ensures you of trouble-free use. Regular PC maintenance also keeps the machine’s performance
optimal.

Plan Maintenance Procedures for Computer System and Networking.

1. Design a systematic maintenance plan for hardware.

 Monitoring, evaluating and updating plan.

 Place your computer in a well ventilated area.
 Schedule use of computers for its longer life.
 Move computers only when it is turned off and unplugged.
 Treat your computer properly.
 Maintain your hard disk

2. Design a systematic maintenance plan for your software.

 Backup your files

 Install or secure passwords
 Delete temporary files
 Update antivirus and spy ware

TYPES OF MAINTENANCE PROCEDURE:

(1) Hardware maintenance is the testing and cleaning of equipment.

(2) Information system maintenance is the routine updating of master files, such as adding and
deleting employees and customers and changing credit limits and product prices.
(3) Software or program maintenance is the updating of application programs in order to meet
changing information requirements, such as adding new functions and changing data formats. It also
includes fixing bugs and adapting the software to new hardware devices.
(4) Disk or file maintenance is the periodic reorganizing of disk files that have become fragmented
due to continuous updating.
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 7/8
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES)

Operation Sheet LO 6
1. Directions: Complete the computer maintenance plan below.

MONTHLY COMPUTER MAINTENANCE PLAN

JUNE JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC

Anti virus software checkups
Disk space utilization
Defragmentation of hard drives

Troubleshoot hardware and

software issues

Plan and Prepare Maintenance Procedure

2. Prepare/Design a daily maintenance plan for your hardware, given

the time allotment of 1 week.

MAINTENANCE TASK MON TUE WED THUR FRI

Recalibrate the battery

Clean computer case
Clean keyboard
Clean mouse
Clean screen
Clean up hard drives

3. Design a systematic daily plan for your software, given the time allotment of 1 week.

MAINTENANCE TASK MON TUE WED THUR FRIDAY

Create an emergency diskette
Check for viruses
Back up files
Defragment hard drive
Scan hard drive for errors
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 7/8
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES)

LESSON
LESSON III
III

PERFORMING
PERFORMING MENSURATION
MENSURATIONAND
AND
CALCULATION
CALCULATION (PMC)
(PMC)
(1WEEK
(1WEEK4)
4)

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following:
LO 1. Select components to be measured; and
LO 2. Carry out mensuration and calculation.

Definition of Terms
Bit - a fundamental unit of information having two possible values, as either of the binary digits 0 or 1.
Byte - a unit of digital information in computing and telecommunications that most commonly
consists of eight bits.
Booting – starting (a computer) by loading an operating system from a disk.
Electronic storage - a device for recording (storing) information (data).
Firewire - Apple Computer's version of a standard, IEEE 1394, High Performance Serial Bus, for
connecting devices to your personal computer.
Hot-swappable - the connection and disconnection of peripherals or other components without
interrupting system operation.
Interface - the point of interaction or communication between a computer and any other entity, such
as a printer or human operator.
Laser - a device that emits light (electromagnetic radiation) through a process of optical amplification
based on the stimulated emission of photons.
Magnetic platter - a thin, high precision disk that is coated on both sides with a high precision
magnetic material and which is used in a hard disk drive (HDD) to store data.
Memory module - a narrow printed circuit board that holds memory chips.
Magnetic storage media - any storage medium in which different patterns of magnetization are
used to represent stored bits or bytes of information
Operating system - a set of programs that manage computer hardware resources and provide
common services for application software.
Optical storage media - any storage in which data is written and read with a laser for archival or
backup purposes
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 7/8
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES)

Activity Sheet No.: 1

Activity Title: MEMORY and STORAGE DEVICES

Learning Competency: LO 1 Select measuring instruments
Learning Target: 1.1 Identify object/s or component to be measured
1.2 Obtain correct specifications from relevant source
1.3 Select measuring tools in line with job requirements
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12PMC-IIa-b-10

LO 1 Concept Notes
MEMORY and STORAGE DEVICES

Read-only memory (ROM) chips are located in the motherboard. ROM chips contain
instructions that can be directly accessed by the CPU. Basic instructions for booting the
computer and loading the operating system are stored in ROM.
Random access memory (RAM) is the temporary storage for data and programs that
are being accessed by the CPU. RAM is volatile memory, which means that the
contents are erased when the computer is powered off.

STORAGE DRIVES:
Floppy Drive
A floppy drive, or floppy disk drive, is a storage device that uses removable 3.5-inch
floppy disks.

Hard Drive A hard drive, or hard disk drive, is a magnetic storage device that is
installed inside the computer. The hard drive is used as permanent storage for data.
In a Windows computer, the hard drive is usually configured as the C: drive and
contains the operating system and applications.

Optical Drive
An optical drive is a storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical
media. There are three types of optical drives: Compact Disc (CD), Digital Versatile
Disc (DVD) and Blu-ray Disc (BD).
CD, DVD, and BD media can be pre-recorded (read-only), recordable (write once), or
rewritable (read and write multiple times).

External Flash Drive

An external flash drive, also known as a thumb drive, is a removable storage device that
connects to a USB port.

Types of Drive Interfaces

 IDE – Integrated Drive Electronics, also called Advanced Technology Attachment (ATA) is an
early drive controller interface that connects computers and hard disk drives. An IDE interface
uses a 40-pin connector.
 SATA – Serial ATA refers to the serial version of the ATA drive controller interface. A SATA
interface uses a 7-pin data connector.
 SCSI – Small Computer System Interface is a drive controller interface that can connect up to
15 drives. SCSI can connect both internal and external drives. An SCSI interface uses a 50-pin,
68-pin, or 80-pin connector.
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 7/8
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES)

LO 1

Direction. Match items on Column A with Column B. Write your answers on a separate
sheet of paper.

_____1. A magnetic storage device that is installed inside the computer. A. Registers

_____2. Early drive controller interface that connects computers

and hard disk drives which an interface that uses a 40- pin connector.
B. Flash drive or
Thumb drive
_____3. Temporary storage for data and programs that are being
accessed by the CPU. C. Read-only
memory
_____4. A storage device that uses lasers to read data on the optical media.
D. IDE

_____5. A storage device that uses removable 3.5-inch disks. E. Floppy drive

_____6. Soldered the memory chips on a special circuit board. F. Random

access memory

_____7. A removable storage device that connects to a USB port. G. Optical drive

_____8. Chip s that are located on the motherboard. H. DDR

_____9. Memory cells built right into the CPU that contain specific data
needed particularly the Arithmetic and Logic Unit. I. Hard drive

_____10. Technology that doubles the maximum bandwidth of SDRAM. J. Memory

module

Activity Sheet No.: 2

Activity Title: DIGITAL REPRESENTATION
COMPUTER SYSTEM SERVICING 7/8
K-12 –TECHNOLOGY AND LIVELIHOOD EDUCATION (MELC-BASED LEARNING ACTIVITIES)

Learning Competency: LO 1. Select measuring instruments

Learning Target: 1.1 Identify object/s or component to be measured
1.2 Obtain correct specifications from relevant source
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12PMC-IIb-d-11

Concept Notes
DIGITAL REPRESENTATION
Within a computer, information is represented and stored in a digital
binary format. The term bit is an abbreviation of binary digit and represents the
smallest piece of data.

A bit can have only two possible values, a one digit (1) or a zero digit (0). A bit can be used to
represent the state of something that has two states. For example, a light switch can be either On or
Off; in binary representation, these states would correspond to 1 and 0, respectively. Computers use
binary codes to represent and interpret letters, numbers and special characters with bits. A commonly
used code is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII). With ASCII, each
character is represented by a string of bits. For example:

Capital letter: A = 01000001

Number: 9 = 00001001
Special character: # = 00100011

CONVERT DECIMAL NUMBERS TO BINARY

To convert a decimal number to binary, all you have to do is divide the number by 2. Get the
quotient and the remainder. Bring down the quotient, divide it by 2, and get the quotient and
remainder again. Do it repeatedly until the quotient results to 0. Copy the remainder from bottom to
top, and that is the binary equivalent.

Example: 25
Quotient Remainder
25/2 12 1
12/2 6 0
6/2 3 0
3/2 1 1
½ 0 1

25 = 11001

Checking: 1 1 0 0 1 multiplier
16 8 4 2 1 equivalents
16 8 0 0 1 results

16+8+1 = 25

LO 2
A. Convert the following digits into binary:
1. 11 6. 85
2. 36 7. 102
3. 47 8. 125
4. 64 9. 150
5. 72 10. 210
Activity Sheet No.: 3
Activity Title: CALCULATING DATA STORAGE
Learning Competency: LO 2 Carry out measurements and calculation
Learning Target: 2.2 Obtain accurate measurements for job
2.3 Perform calculation needed to complete task using the four
mathematical fundamental operations addition (+), subtraction (-),
multiplication (x), and division (÷)
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12PMC-IIb-d-11

LO 2 Concept Notes
CALCULATING DATA STORAGE

While a bit is the smallest representation of data, the most basic unit of digital storage is
the byte. A byte is 8 bits and is the smallest unit of measure (UOM) used to represent data
storage capacity. When referring to storage space, we use the terms bytes (B), kilobytes (KB),
megabytes (MB), gigabytes (GB), and terabytes (TB). One kilobyte is a little more than one
thousand bytes, specifically 1,024. A megabyte represents more than a million bytes or
1,048,576. A gigabyte is 1,073,741,824 bytes. A terabyte is 1,099,511,627,776. The exact
number is gained by taking 2^n power. In general, when something is represented digitally, the
greater the detail, the greater the number of bits needed to represent it. A low-resolution picture
from a digital camera will use around 360KB, and a high-resolution picture could use 2 MB or
more. Kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, and terabytes are typically used to measure the size or
storage capacity of a device. Examples of components and devices that use byte storage include:
random access memory (RAM), hard disk drive space, CDs, DVDs, and MP3 players. CDs have a
data storage capacity of approximately 700 MB. DVDs have a data storage capacity of
approximately 4.3 GB on a single-layer disc, and approximately 8.5 GB on a dual-layer disc. BDs
have a storage capacity of 25 GB on a single-layer disc, and 50 GB on a dual-layer disc. Once we
know the size of a file or folder, it is possible to determine the number of bytes being used. For
example:

A file is 20 KB in size

1 KB = 1,024 Bytes
20 * 1,024 = 20,480 bytes in a 20 KB file
If a 20 KB file is stored in a 1 MB folder (1 MB = 1,048,576 bytes of space); then approximately a
total of 51 files can be stored in that folder (1,048,576 / 20,480 = 51.2).

LO 2
Direction: Solve the problems indicated below. Show your solution.
1. How many 60 KB jpg files can be stored on a 2 MB folder in your hard drive?
2. How many 5 MB mp3 files can be stored on a 1 GB flash drive?
3. How many 750 MB .mov files can be stored on a 4.3 GB DVD-R?

nolascofuentes313@gmail.com
 LESSON
LESSON IV
IV

PREPARING
PREPARINGAND
AND INTERPRETING
INTERPRETING
TECHNICAL
TECHNICALDRAWING
DRAWING (PITD)
(PITD)
(WEEK
(WEEK5)
5)

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
At the end of this Lesson, you are expected to do the following:

LO 1. Identify different kinds of technical drawing; and

LO 2. Interpret technical drawing.
LO 3. Prepare / make changes to electrical/electronic
schematics and drawings
LO 4. Store technical drawings and equipment/instruments

Definition of Terms

Drawing- act or the art of representing any object by means of lines and shades
Picture- visual representation or image painted, drawn, photographed, or otherwise rendered on
a flat surface
Process- a series of actions, changes, or functions bringing about a result
Technical -pertaining to the useful or mechanical arts, or to science or business
Technician -a person skilled in mechanical or industrial techniques or in a particular technical
field
Flowchart-a diagram that uses graphic symbols to depict the nature and flow of the steps in a
process
Tool kit -a small bag or box equipped with hand tools
Tree structure -an algorithm for placing and locating files in an organized database
Video display terminal - a computer terminal having a video display that uses a cathode-ray
tube

nolascofuentes313@gmail.com
Activity Sheet No.: 1
Activity Title: Flowchart
Learning Competency: LO 1 Identify different kinds of technical drawings
Learning Target: 1.1 Select correct technical drawing in accordance with the job requirement
1.2 Segregate technical drawings in accordance with the types and kinds of
drawings
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12PITD-IIg-h-14

LO 1 Concept Notes
Flowchart
A flowchart is a diagram that uses graphic symbols to depict the nature and flow of the
steps in a process. Another name for this tool is "flow diagram."

What Are the Elements of a Flowchart?

A flowchart is commonly used by systems analysts to visualize the series of processes in a

business system. A flowchart is a useful tool to design an efficient business system and to
troubleshoot or improve an existing system. A flowchart consists of elements, such as the
terminator, process, sub process, decision, arrow lines, and connectors.
1. Terminator A terminator is represented by a small rectangle with curved corners. A
terminator appears at the start and at the end of a flowchart. The end terminator appears only
once on a single flowchart.
2. Process A process is represented by a rectangle. It refers to an action in a business
process. It must be described clearly and concisely. A process can be described using a single
verb or noun phrase; for example, "Order Office Supplies." The same level of detail must be kept
in processes on a single flowchart.
3. Sub-process A sub-process is represented by a rectangle with double lines on each
side. A sub process is a major process that could be broken up into simpler processes developed
into another flowchart.
4. Decision A decision is represented by a diamond. A process that can answer a decision
of "yes" or "no" requires a decision box.
5. Connector A connector is represented by a small circle or a connector box and is
labeled using letters. A flowchart written on a single page is clearer than a flowchart on several
pages. A connector ensures that the processes are connected logically and correctly on several
pages.
6. Arrow Lines Arrow lines drawn in one direction, preferably from top to bottom, keep a
flowchart clear. Avoid arrow lines that loop because this could indicate redundancy in the
business process.

When should teams use flowcharts?

At the beginning of your process improvement efforts, an as-is flowchart helps your team
and others involved in the process to understand how it currently works. The team may find it
helpful to compare this as-is flowchart with a diagram of the way the process is supposed to work.
Later, the team will develop a flowchart of the modified process again, to record how it actually
functions. At some point, your team may want to create an ideal flowchart to show how you
would ultimately like the process to be performed.

Benefits of Using Flowcharts

1. Promote understanding of a process.
People may have differing ideas about how a process works. A flowchart can help you gain
agreement about the sequence of steps. Flowcharts promote understanding in a way that written
procedures cannot do. One good flowchart can replace pages of words.
2. Provide a tool for training employees.
Because of the way they visually lay out the sequence of process steps, flowcharts can be
very helpful in training employees to perform the process according to standardized procedures.
3. Identify problem areas and opportunities for process improvement.

nolascofuentes313@gmail.com
 Once you break down the process steps and diagram them, problem areas become more
visible. It is easy to spot opportunities for simplifying and refining your process by analyzing
decision points, redundant steps, and rework loops.
Basic Flowchart Symbols

The symbols that are commonly used in flowcharts (Viewgraph 3) have specific
meanings and are connected by arrows indicating the flow from one step to another:

1. Oval. Ovals indicate both the starting point and the ending point of
the process steps.

2. Box. A box represents an individual step or activity in the process.

3. Diamond. A diamond shows a decision point, such as yes/no or go/no-go.

Each path emerging from the diamond must be labeled with one of the
possible answers.

4. Circle. A circle indicates that a particular step is connected to another page

or part of the Flowchart. A letter placed in the circle clarifies the
A
A
continuation.

5. Triangle. A triangle shows where an in-process measurement occurs.

LO 1
A. Directions: Match Column A with Column B. Write only the letter of the correct answer on a
separate sheet of paper.
Column A Column B
1. It is represented by a rectangle. It refers to an
action in a business process. a. Decision
2. It is represented by a diamond. A process that can
answer a decision of "yes" or "no" requires a decision box. b. Process
3. It is represented by a small circle or a connector box and is
labeled using letters. c. Arrow line
4. Drawn in one direction, preferably from top to bottom to keep
a flowchart clear. d. Connector
5. A process is represented by a rectangle with double
lines on each side. e. Sub-process

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Activity Sheet No.: 2
Activity Title: How do you interpret flowcharts?
Learning Competency: LO 2 Interpret technical drawing
Learning Target: 2.1 Recognize components, assemblies, or objects as required
2.2 Identify dimensions of the key features of the objects depicted in the
drawing
2.3 Identify and interpret symbols used in the drawing
2.4 Check and validate drawing against job requirements or equipment in
accordance with standard operating procedures
References: COMPUTER HARDWARE SERVICING 1,
K to 12 – Technology and Livelihood Education TLE_IACSS9-12PITD-IIg-h-14

LO 2 Concept Notes
How do you interpret flowcharts?
A Flowchart will help you understand your process and uncover ways to improve it only if
you use it to analyze what is happening. Interpreting your Flowchart will help you to :
 Determine who is involved in the process.
 Form theories about root causes.
 Identify ways to streamline the process.
 Determine how to implement changes to the process.
 Locate cost-added-only steps.
 Provide training on how the process works or should work.

Below is a sequence of steps that will help you through an orderly analysis of your
flowchart.
Step 1 - Examine each process step for the following conditions that indicate a need to
improve the process:
Bottlenecks. These points in the process where it slows down may be caused by redundant or
unnecessary steps, rework, lack of capacity, or other factors.
Weak links. These are steps where problems occur because of inadequate training of process
workers, equipment that needs to be repaired or replaced, or insufficient technical
documentation. "Inform the drill leader and improvise" is one of the weak links.
Poorly defined steps. Steps which are not well-defined may be interpreted and performed in a
different way by each person involved, leading to process variation. "Improvise" is a poorly
defined step in the weak link cited above.
Step 2 - Examine each decision symbol. You may want to collect data on how often
there
is a "yes" or "no" answer at decision points marked by a diamond shaped symbol. If most
decisions go one way rather than the other, you may be able to remove this decision point.
Step 3 - Examine each rework loop. Processes with numerous checks generate rework
and waste. Examine the activities preceding the rework loop and identify those that need to be
improved. Look for ways to shorten or eliminate the loop.
Step 4 - Examine each activity symbol. Does the step help build a key quality
characteristic into the end product? If not, consider eliminating it.
Types of flowchart
Besides the three levels of detail used to categorize Flowcharts, there are three main
types of flowcharts namely , linear, deployment, and opportunity. The level of detail can be
depicted as macro, mini, or micro for each of these types.
1. Linear Flowchart. A linear flowchart is a diagram that displays the sequence of work
steps that make up a process. This tool can help identify rework and redundant or unnecessary
steps within a process.
2. Deployment Flowchart. A deployment flowchart shows the actual process flow and
identifies the people or groups involved at each step. Horizontal lines define customer-supplier
relationships. This type of chart shows where the people or groups fit into the process sequence,
and how they relate to one another throughout the process.
How do we construct a linear flowchart?
1. Define the process to be flowcharted, and the purpose for flowcharting it.
2. Assemble the right people to develop the flowchart—those operators, technicians, or office
workers who are actually involved in the process.

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3. Establish process boundaries—the starting and ending points.
 Identify the major activities or sub processes that are included in the process.
 Determine what is not included in the scope of the process to remove any doubt or
confusion about the boundaries. This may also help establish the scope of related
processes.
4. List the steps, activities, and decisions to be charted. If your team is not sure about a
step, mark it to be investigated later.
5. Put the steps in chronological sequence. Sometimes it's easier to start with the last step
and work back to the first step.
6. Assign flowchart symbols such as boxes, diamonds, and triangles.
7. Review and title the Flowchart.

Operation Sheet LO 5

B.

Activity Sheet No.: 3

Activity Title: Kinds of electronic diagram

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Learning Competency: LO 3. Prepare/ make changes to electrical/ electronic schematics and
drawings
Learning Target: 3.1 Draw and identify correctly electrical/electronic schematic
3.2 Identify correct drawing; select and use equipment in accordance
with job requirements
References: Electronics CBLM TLE_IACSS9-12PITD-IIj-15

LO 3 Concept Notes

Kinds of electronic diagram

Pictorial diagram. It shows the pictures of the actual

components and wiring connections although it does not
provide the exact size of components. It shows exact
shape in proportion to the actual one.

Block Diagram. This form uses block rectangles

or triangles to represent components, group of
components or units of equivalent. Block
diagrams are particularly used to represent
internal components of an integrated circuit.

Schematic diagram. It shows the components used in

their interconnection. Each graphic symbol is also
accompanied with a reference designation to distinguish
it from other similar symbols. It does not illustrate the
physical size, shape or chassis location of the component
parts and devices.

Wiring diagram. It shows wiring connection in a simplified,

easy to follow manner. It may show either internal or
external connections or both and is usually drawn as simple
as possible to trace out the connection of a circuit. The
components of the circuit are identified by name or are
represented by means of pictorial illustrations that do not
follow any well-defined standard form.

Guidelines in Drawing Diagrams

Recommended practices to be used in the application of symbols to a circuit diagram are

listed below. These practices are adapted from the United States of America Standard Institute
publication, Graphic Symbols for Electrical and Electronic diagrams.

1. The position of a symbol on a diagram does not affect its meaning.

2. The weight of a line used in drawing does not affect its meaning. In some cases a
heavier line may be used to emphasize a particular symbol.

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 3. A given symbol may be drawn in any size that is suitable for use in any particular
symbol.
4. If necessary for contrast, some symbols may be drawn smaller or larger than the
other symbols on a diagram.
5. In general, a connecting line should be brought to a symbol either vertically or
horizontally, but a connecting line brought to a symbol at an angle has no
particular significance unless noted otherwise.
6. The arrowhead symbol may be open (→) or closed (→) unless otherwise.
7. The standard symbol for a terminal ( 0 ) may be added to any symbol but when this
is done, the terminal symbol should not be considered a part of the symbol itself.

LO 3

Directions: Identify the following diagrams:

1. _____________________________ 2._____________________________

3.______________________________ 4.________________________________

Activity Sheet No.: 4

Activity Title: Proper Storage of Electronic Diagram
Learning Competency: LO 4. Store technical drawings and equipment/ instruments
Learning Target: 4.1 Identify tasks to be undertaken for care and maintenance of drawings
according to company procedures

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 4.2 Record technical drawings and prepare an inventory in accordance
with company procedures
References: Electronics CBLM TLE_IACSS9-12PITD-IIj-16

Concept Notes LO 4

Proper Storage of Electronic Diagram

1. Download the schematic diagram to your laptop/personal computer for storage
purposes.
2. Transfer the edited schematic diagram from the laptop to the cd disk for storage
purposes.
3. Copy the edited schematic diagram from the laptop to the USB for storage purposes.
4. All the schematic diagram and service manual are placed inside the exclusive cabinet of
the shop.

LO 4

Directions: Answer the following questions below.

Give at least 3 criteria for electronic diagram record management.

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 LESSON
LESSON V
V

TERMINATING
TERMINATINGAND
AND CONNECTING
CONNECTING
ELECTRICAL
ELECTRICALWIRING
WIRINGANDAND
ELECTRONICS
ELECTRONICS CIRCUIT
CIRCUIT (TCEW)
(TCEW)
(WEEK
(WEEK6)
6)

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of the module you should be able to:

LO1.Plan and prepare for termination/connection of electrical

wiring/electronic circuits.
LO2.Terminate/Connect electrical wiring/electronic circuits.
LO3.Test Termination/connection of electrical wiring/electronic
circuit.

Definition of Terms
Side Cutter Pliers - used for cutting or trimming of connecting wires or terminal leads in the circuit
board
Long nose Pliers – used for holding, bending and stretching the lead of electronics component or
connecting wire.
Soldering Pencil – used to join two or more metal conductors with the support of soldering lead
melted around it.
Multitester - instrument use to measure voltage, current and resistance.
Resistor- a device designed intentionally to have a definite amount of resistance
Capacitor – a devise that stores electrical energy.
Terminate - was a shareware modem terminal and host program for MS-DOS and compatible
operating systems developed from the early to the late 1990s by the Dane Bo Bendtsen.
Termination - the point where a line, channel or circuit ends.
OHS – Occupational Health and Safety
Activity Sheet No.: 1
Activity Title: Basic Electronic Hand Tools and Equipment
Learning Competency: LO 1. Plan and prepare for termination/connection of electrical wiring/
electronics circuits
Learning Target: 1.4 Prepare electrical wiring/electronics circuits correctly for
connecting/terminating in accordance with instruction and work site
procedures
References: Electronics CBLM TLE_IACSS9-12TCEW-IIIef-21

LO 1 Concept Notes

Basic Electronic Hand Tools and Equipment

Electronic technicians in olden days could get along with a set of screw drivers, long nose, side
cutter and soldering pencil in troubleshooting. But nowadays, with the arrival of the new circuit
technology and microcircuit is being introduced in the industry, troubleshooting the problem is very
complex.
Without the knowledge and aid of the multitester and other sophisticated equipment such as
regulated power supply, signal generator and oscilloscope, troubleshooting is impossible. Here are the
following basic tools and equipments needed for the repair of electronics devices and appliances:
A. Common Tools

Figure No.1 Figure No.2 Figure No.3 and Figure No.4

Figure No.5 Figure No.6

1 Long Nose Pliers – is used for holding, bending and stretching the lead of electronics
component or connecting wire. See figure no. 1.
2. Side Cutter Pliers – is used for cutting or trimming of connecting wires or terminal leads
in the circuit board. See figure no. 2.
3. Flat Screw Driver – is used to drive or fasten negative slotted screws. See figure no. 3.
4. Philips Screw Driver- is used to drive or fasten positive slotted screws. See figure no. 4.
5. Soldering Pencil – is used to join two or more metal conductors with the support of
soldering lead melted around it. See figure no. 5.
6. Desoldering Tool – is used to unsoldered unwanted parts or component in the circuit with
the support of soldering pencil.
See figure no. 6.

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 B. Basic Electronic Equipment
1. Multi-Volts Power Supply –is used to supply the desired direct current voltages in the circuit.

2. Multitester – is used for measuring resistance, voltage and current.

3. Portable Electric Handrill – is used for boring hole/s in the plastics chassis or metal chassis.

OPERATION SHEET 1.1

1. Given 10 kinds of hand tools Label and give the function of each. You will be assessed using the
following criteria.
Criteria Score Descriptor

Identified 10 tools 5 Excellent

Identified 7-9 tools 4 Very good

Identified 4-5 tools 3 Good

Identified 2-3 tools 1-2 Fair

Identified 0-1 tools 0 Poor

LO 1
A. State whether the following is equipment or a handtool.

______________ 1. Desoldering Tool

______________ 2. Soldering Pencil
______________ 3. Multi-Volts Power Supply
______________ 4. Long Nose Pliers
______________ 5. Portable Electric Handrill

B. Write true if the statement is correct and false if otherwise:

______________ 1. A flat screwdriver is used in driving or fastening positive slotted screw.
______________ 2. Soldering Pencil is used to join two or more metal conductors
with the support of soldering lead melted around it.
______________ 3. Side Cutter Pliers is used for cutting or trimming of connecting wires or terminal
leads in the circuit board.
______________ 4. A multi-tester is used in boring holes in the plastics chassis.
______________ 5. A long nose pliers is used for holding, bending and sketching the lead of
electronics component or connecting wire.

Activity Sheet No.: 2

Activity Title: Prepare a Simple Circuit
Learning Competency: LO 2: Terminate/connect electrical wiring/ electronic circuits
Learning Target: 2.3 Use appropriate range of methods in termination/connection in
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 accordance to specifications, manufacturer’s requirements, and safety
2.4 Follow correct sequence of operation
2.6 Confirm termination/connection in accordance with job specification
References: Electronics CBLM TLE_IACSS9-12TCEW-IIIi-j-23

LO 2 Concept Notes
Prepare a Simple Circuit

 Personal Protective Equipment

 Goggles
 Gloves
 ESD
 Harnessing wires
 If it is necessary to replace the length of wire, use the same diameter or
larger wire (smaller gauge number).
 Duplicate the length of the original wire as closely as possible. Follow the wire
color coding whenever possible.
 Strip the wire insulation about 20mm from both ends.
 Inspect the wire after the insulation has been stripped, to check for damage
or discoloration.
 Clean the ends of the wires with a wire cleaner or rosin flux.
 Slip the proper diameter and length of heat-shrink tubing on to one wire.
 Twist the wires together or mesh the wires together and crimp on a splice
clip.
 Solder the splice with rosin-core solder. Solder should flow into the wires.
 Pull on the wires lightly to ensure the splice is properly soldered and
tightened.
 Apply dielectric grease over the repair area.
 Slide heat shrinks tubing over the splice and applies that heat to tighten the
tubing around the splice, or tightly wrap the splice with the proper electrical
tape.

 Splices and Joints

Fixtu The fixture joint is used to connect a small-

re Joint diameter wire, such as in a lighting fixture, to a
larger diameter wire used in a branch circuit. Like
the rattail joint, the fixture joint will not stand much
strain.

All the splices discussed up to this point are

known as <emphasis type="u">butted</emphasis>
Knott splices. Each is made by joining the free ends of the
ed Tap Joint conductors together. Sometimes however, it is
necessary to join a branch conductor to a continuous
wire called the main wire. Such a junction is called a
tap joint.

Ratta A splice that is used in a junction box for

il Joint connecting branch circuits is the rattail joint

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 Joining small multiconductor cables often
presents a problem. Each conductor must be spliced
Stagg and taped. If the splices are directly opposite each
ering other, the overall size of the joint becomes large and
Splices bulky. A smoother and less bulky joint can be made
by staggering the splices.

Tap It is used where you want to join a second

splice wire to a conductor.

The wrapping pattern is designed to cause

West the termination to tighten as the conductors pull
ern Union or against each other. This type of splice is more suited
Lineman to solid, rather than stranded conductors, and is
splice fairly difficult to complete. The Western Union splice
joins small, solid conductors.

LO 2
A. Fill in the blanks with what is being asked by the following items:
___________________1. (1-3) Examples of PPE used in connecting a circuit
___________________2.
___________________3.
___________________4. (4-5)Important things to remember in harnessing wires
___________________5.

B. Complete the table below by Identifying the following wire joints:

JOINTS PICTORIAL DESCRIPTION OFJOINTS

6.
_______________________

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 7.
_______________________

8.
_______________________

9.
_______________________

10.
______________________

LESSON
LESSON VI
VI

TESTING
TESTING ELECTRONIC
ELECTRONIC
COMPONENTS
COMPONENTS (TEC)
(TEC)
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(WEEKS)
(WEEKS)
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Upon completion of the module you should be able to:

LO1.Determine criteria for testing electronics components

Definition of Terms
Test. It is compose of sequence of operations intended to verify the correct
operation or malfunctioning of a piece of equipment or system.
Volt-Ohm-Meter. It is known as a multitester. A test equipment used to check AC, DC voltages,
current in a circuit and resistance of any components out of the circuit.
Soldering iron-A device used for applying heat to melt solder for attaching two metal parts.
Schematic Diagram. An illustration of an electrical or electronic circuit with
the components represented by their symbols.

Activity Sheet No.: 1

Activity Title: Tools in Testing Circuit
Learning Competency: LO 1: Determine criteria for testing electronics components
Learning Target: 1.1 Obtain and clarify work instructions based on job order or client
requirements
1.2 Consult responsible person for effective and proper work coordination
References: Electronics CBLM TLE_IACSS9-12TEC-IVa-c-24

LO 1 Concept Notes
Tools in Testing Circuit

Tools Descriptions Drawing

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 A simple manual wire stripper is a pair of opposing blades
much like scissors or wire cutters. The addition of a center
notch makes it easier to cut the insulation without cutting
the wire. This type of wire stripper is used by rotating it
around the insulation while applying pressure in order to
Wire Stripper make a cut around the insulation. Since the insulation is not
bonded to the wire, it then pulls easily off the end. This is
the most versatile type of wire stripper.

Make smooth cuts in all kinds of wire.

Side Cutter
Pliers

Soldering iron A device used for applying heat to melt solder for attaching
two metal parts.

Multi tester can measure various electric values. Such as

VOM/ the measurement of the resistor value, the measurement of
Multitester the voltage, the measurement of the current, the
confirmation of the polarity of the light emitting diode etc.
This tool is necessary for electronic circuit making.

JOB SHEET LO 1

Checking / Testing Procedure in Testing a Simple Circuit

A. Damage Analysis
 Wire and Connector Damage
Inspect wires, terminals and connections for these conditions:
 Bent or broken terminals or connectors
 Exposed wires or terminals
 Cut or pinched insulation
 Swollen, discolored, melted, or scorched insulation
 Cracked connector housing, or other insulator
 Loose connection
 Missing seals or connector locks
 Moisture inside connectors
 Wire terminals not secured in the connectors

 Circuit Damage
 Blown fuse, burned, or tripped circuit breaker
 High resistance or no connectivity
 Faulty load
 Failed voltage drop test
 Improper continuity between circuits
 Failed diagnostic test procedure

 Inspection of Wire Repairs

 No exposed wire or damaged insulation
 Proper operation of the repaired circuit
 Proper application of shrinks tubing or electrical tape
 Splices at least 40mm away from other splices, harness, branches, or connections.
 Proper ground connection
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  Properly installed seals or connectors locks
 Proper application of petroleum jelly or dielectric grease.

CHECKLIST FOR JOB SHEET LO1

Checking/Testing Procedure in Testing a Simple Circuit

Identify each of the following by checking under the appropriate column.

The student was able to:

YES NO
Design a circuit based on the required specification.

Use appropriate electrical symbols

Indicate the specifications of electronic components.
Observe Personal Protective Equipment & Occupational
Health and Safety Policies in connection with electronic
circuit based on the industry standards.
Use correct method in connection according to the
specification requirements and safety policies
Follow correct sequence of operation according to job
specifications.
Check electronic components according to the
specifications and task/s.
Check wiring/ circuit in accordance with the circuit
design.
Test a circuit using the appropriate tools.

Activity Sheet No.: 3

Activity Title: Identification and Isolation of Faulty Electronic Components
Learning Competency: LO 3: Test components
Learning Target: 3.1 Apply appropriate testing methods to electronic components in
accordance to technical specifications
3.2 Detect and record problems and faults by testing
3.3 Document remedial steps
References: Electronics CBLM TLE_IACSS9-12TECO-IVfh-26

LO 3 Concept Notes

Identification and Isolation of Faulty Electronic Components

PROPER HANDLING OF TEST PROBE IN ISOLATING FAULTY AND GOOD ELECTRONIC

COMPONENTS

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Testing Resistor
Good Resistor
The meter reading should be closed to the rated value of the resistor depending on the
tolerance of the resistor.
Defective Resistor
 The tester pointer does not deflect at all. The resistor is OPEN.
 The resistance reading has a big difference to the resistor rated value. The resistor has
change value.

Testing Capacitor

Good Capacitor
 The tester pointer deflects and then move back to its initial position.

Open Capacitor
 The tester pointer does not deflect at all.

Shorted Capacitor
 The tester pointer rests on the 0 ohm scale, reverse and forward bias test.

Leaky Capacitor
 The tester pointer deflects toward the right position but does not return to its initial
position or remains stationary.

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Testing Diode

Open Diode
 The tester pointer does not deflect even the prove is reversed.

Shorted Diode
 The resistance reading deflects and measures the same in both directions.

Testing Transistor

Open Transistor
 The tester pointer does not deflect in the base to emitter or base to collector .

Shorted Transistor
 Two terminals of the transistor read the same resistance in both direction.

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Testing SCR
 Proper testing of a good SCR as shown in the figure below.
NOTE: Setting for the multitester is X1 Ohm.

Testing Triac
 Proper testing of TRIAC are shown in the figure below.
NOTE: Setting for the multitester is X1 Ohm.

JOB SHEET LO 3

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 Quality Inspection procedure

Directions: With the use of assorted electronic components (20 pcs for each kind), fill-out the table
below and isolate the faulty electronic components with the use of a multitester.

NOTE: Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper. Do not write anything in this module.

Electronic Standard Specification Quantity of Quality of the Received

Components the received Electronic Component
Electronic
components
Faulty Remarks good

Resistor

Capacitor

Diode

Transistor

SCR

TRIAC

CHECKLIST FOR JOB SHEET LO 3

Quality Inspection Procedure

Direction: Put a check in the designated box if you performed the following criteria.

CRITERIA YES NO
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  Quality of the electronic components are checked
according to the specifications.
 Quality standard electronic components are isolated
from sub-standard electronic components.
 Electronic component which do not conform to the
quality standards are identified and are reported to
the responsible personnel.
 Results of diagnosis and testing are documented.

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