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Basics of Web Design
Instructor Materials Chapter 6 Test Bank
Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer.

1. The _______ is the area between the content and the border.

a. border

b. spacing

c. padding

d. margin

2. The default value for the border property for an element is:

a. 1 pixel

b. 0 pixels

c. 3 pixels

d. 10 pixels

3. When using the box model, the _____ is always transparent.

a. border

b. content

c. spacing

d. margin

4. Which of the following configures a margin for an element with the following values:

top margin 30 pixels, left margin 150 pixels, right margin 0 pixels, and bottom margin 0

pixels?

a. margin: 150px 20px 0 300px;

b. margin: top-30, left-150, right-0, bottom-0;

Page 1
Basics of Web Design
Instructor Materials Chapter 6 Test Bank
c. margin: 30px 0 0 150px;

d. margin: 30px 150px 0 0;

5. Which of the following configures padding for an element with the following values:

top padding 0 pixels, left padding 10 pixels, right padding 10 pixels, bottom padding

20px?

a. padding: 0px 10px 20px 10px;

b. padding: 0 10px 20px 10px;

c. padding: 10xp 20px;

d. padding: 20px 10px 10px 0px;

6. Which of the following configures a 1 pixel, solid black border for an element?

a. border-all: #000000;

b. border: 1px solid #000000;

c. border-style: 1px solid #000000;

d. border-top: 1px solid #000000;

7. Which of the following, from outermost to innermost, are components of the box

model?

a. margin, border, padding, content

b. content, padding, border, margin

c. content, margin, padding, border

d. margin, padding, border, content

Page 2
Basics of Web Design
Instructor Materials Chapter 6 Test Bank

8. The _______ is between the padding and the margin.

a. border

b. spacing

c. padding

d. content

9. Which of the following is used along with the width property to configure centered

page content?

a. margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto

b. margin: top-10, left-0, right-0, bottom-10;

c. margin: 15px 0 5px 0;

d. margin: 20px;

10. When configuring the background color of an element, the background color is

applied to both the content and ______ areas.

a. border

b. padding

c. margin

d. extra

11. Use the ________________ property to configure rounded corners with CSS.

a. border-round

b. border-radius

c. box-shadow

Page 3
Basics of Web Design
Instructor Materials Chapter 6 Test Bank
d. background-corner

12. The CSS3 _______ property configures the transparency of an element.

a. opacity

b. transparency

c. background-opacity

d. opacity-background

13. A _________________ is a smooth blending of shades from one color to another.

a. transition

b. transform

c. shadow

d. gradient

14. The ___________________ property configures a shadow effect on the text

displayed within an element.

a. box-shadow

b. linear-gradient

c. text-shadow

d. shadow

15. Use the ________________ property to confine the display of the background

image.

a. background-image

Page 4
Basics of Web Design
Instructor Materials Chapter 6 Test Bank
b. background-clip

c. background-origin

d. background-size

16. Use the ___________________ property to resize or scale the background image.

a. background-image

b. background-clip

c. background-origin

d. background-size

17. The letters in the acronym HSLA indicate:

a. hue, selection, lightness, alpha

b. hue, saturation, luminosity, alpha

c. hue, saturation, lightness, alpha

d. hue, shade, luminosity, alpha

18. Use the __________ property to configure a minimum width for an element

a. width

b. minimum-width

c. min-width

d. m-width

19. Use the _______ property to configure a linear gradient.

a. linear-gradient

b. background-color

c. background-image

Page 5
Basics of Web Design
Instructor Materials Chapter 6 Test Bank
d. opacity

20. The CSS opacity property configures the display of _____________

a. only the background

b. only the text

c. neither the text or the background

d. both the text and the background

21. Use the __________ property to configure a maximum width for an element

a. width

b. maximum-width

c. max-width

d. width-max

22. Which of the following is NOT a valid value for the border-style property?

a. dashed

b. groove

c. solid

d. triple

True or False.

23. ____ A border can be configured on only one side of an element

24. ____ HSL color is supported by all browsers.

25. ____ A radial gradient is a smooth blending of color emanating outward from a single

point.

Page 6
Basics of Web Design
Instructor Materials Chapter 6 Test Bank
Answers.

1. c

2. b

3. d

4. c

5. b

6. b

7. a

8. a

9. a

10. b

11. b

12. a

13. d

14. c

15. b

16. d

17. c

18. c

19. c

20. d

21. c

22. d

23. False

24. False

25. True

Page 7
Other documents randomly have
different content
 V. V.
Good and bad deeds and
The description of the Devil and
expiation.
his Angels, of Hell, Heaven, and
Purgatory given by "Revealed
Religions" are equally dishonouring
to the Creator, and debasing to the
Creature, if at least the latter be
the work of the former.

VI. VI.
The Catholic Church and
Death, physically considered, is not
Sacraments.
annihilation, but change.

VII. VII.
Man's individuality, his Ego, Resurrection of body and Soul.
survives the death of the body.

VIII. VIII.
To most races of men, the idea of Communion with the Saints
annihilation is painful, whilst and the Dead.
that of eternal parting is too
heavy to be borne.

IX. IX.
A next world, a continuation of Passing over al-Sirat, the
this world, is against our Reason, bridge as fine as a hair, to
but it is supported by sentiment,
El Mathar, or Purgatory—to
and
by the later traditions of both the Heaven.
Aryan and the Semitic races.
 X. X.
The only idea of continuation Hell—Eternity.[1]
acceptable to man, is that the
future
world is a copy of this world, whilst
the law of Progress suggests that
it is
somewhat less material and not
subject
to death or change.

We leave Richard now, intending to make a little tour, and to meet

London—I me at Trieste in two or three weeks, went to Hamburg,
get a Bad
Fall.
to Berlin, and to Leipzig to see Tauchnitz, and to
Dresden. I packed up and started on my journey
Triestewards. As I was about to get into the cab at my father's door
a beggar woman asked me for charity, and I gave her a shilling, and
she said, "God bless you, and may you reach your home without an
accident!" These words made an impression on me afterwards. I
slept in Boulogne that night, and went on to Paris the following day.
The day after, the 30th of April, I ordered a voiture de place, and
was going out to do a variety of visits and commissions. They had
been waxing the stairs till they were as slippery as ice. I had heels to
my boots, and I took one long slide from the top of the stairs to the
bottom, with my leg doubled under me, striking my head and my
back on every stair. When I arrived at the bottom I was unconscious,
picked up, and taken back to bed. When I came to I said, "I have no
time to lose. Don't send the carriage away; I must get my work done
and go on;" but, when I attempted to get out of bed, I fell on the
floor and fainted again. A doctor was fetched, I was undressed, my
boot and stocking had to be cut away; the whole of my leg was as
black as ink, and so swollen that at first the doctor thought it was
broken. However, it proved to be only a bad sprain and a twisted
ankle.
Instead of stopping there six weeks, as the doctor said I must, I had
myself bound up and conveyed to the Gare de Lyons on the fourth
day, where, with a wagon-lit, I arrived at Turin in twenty-four hours.
There I had to be conveyed to the hotel, being too bad to go on; but
next day I insisted on being packed up again, and having another
coupé-lit in the train to Mestre. I suffered immensely from the heat,
for the first time since leaving England. At Mestre I had to wait four
hours in the wretched station, sitting on a chair with my leg hanging
down, which gave me intense pain, and then to embark in the Post-
Zug, a slow train, where there were no coupé-lits to be had, arriving
at half-past eight in the morning, where I found Richard waiting to
receive me on the platform, and I was carried home and put into my
own bed. In spite of pain I was as charmed as ever with the run
down from Nabresina to dear old Trieste.
I cannot say how thankful I was to be safe and sound in my own
home at Trieste with Richard, and how sweet were the welcomes,
and the flowers, and the friends' visits. I was a very long time before
I could leave my bed. It was found that I had injured my back and
my ankle very badly, and I went through a long course of
shampooing and soap baths, but I never got permanently quite well.
Strong health and nerves I had hitherto looked upon as a sort of
right of nature, and supposed everybody had them, and had never
felt grateful for them as a blessing; but I began to learn what
suffering was from this date. Richard took me up to Opçina for a
great part of the summer, and used to invite large parties of friends
up to dinner. We used to dine out in the lit-up gardens in the
evening, overlooking the sea, which was very pleasant; and often
itinerant Hungarian gypsy bands would come in and play. This
summer we had the usual annual fête for the cause of humanity,
and speeches and giving of prizes.

"Gold in Midian.

"To the Editor of the Globe.

"Sir,—The Globe of the 25th of May has printed from the
Sheffield Telegraph a very serious misstatement on the subject
of the twenty-five tons of mineral brought by Captain Burton
from Midian, and I beg you to allow me a little space to refute
it. The moment a lion leaves a place the jackals generally set up
a bark; we left Egypt only on the 12th of May. There is a
Spanish proverb which says, 'No one ever pelts a tree unless
there is fruit upon it;' if this discovery were worth so little as its
enemies assert, no one would take the trouble to attack it. We
are only too glad to court discussion, but we want truth. Captain
Burton will have to suffer for Midian what M. de Lesseps had to
go through for his canal. There are plenty of drowning men in
Cairo, who are only too happy to catch at any straw. Let me
note the two principal blunders in the Sheffield Telegraph.
Firstly, Captain Burton reported to his Highness the Khedive,
and to the public, only what the Egyptian Government's own
geologist and engineer, appointed by them to the Expedition,
reported (of course, officially) to Captain Burton, and to the
Government in whose employ he (M. George Marie) is.
Secondly, close examinations and analysis show none of the evil
results mentioned in the Sheffield Telegraph. On arriving in
Trieste, Captain Burton was careful to have his own little private
collection analyzed by Dr. L. Karl Moser, an able professor of
geology, who declares that the turquoises are not malachites,
but pure crystals of turquoise. Moreover, he has found metals in
three several rocks where, till now, they were not known to
exist—dendritic gold in chalcedony; silver lead in a peculiar
copper-bearing quartz, and possibly in the red veins traversing
the gypsum; and, lastly, worked coppers in obsidian slag. In
fact, the collection has only gained, and will gain, by being
scientifically examined. The Khedive has sent a quantity of each
sort of mineral to London for analysis, and as soon as Captain
Burton receives a telegram from his secretary, in whose charge
it is, to say that it has arrived, he will, if permitted, hasten home
to superintend the operation personally, and forward the official
report to his Highness the Khedive. Meanwhile we only ask
 every one to suspend judgment till the results are known,
instead of publishing and believing every gossiping bit of
jealousy and intrigue that may issue from Cairo, thereby injuring
the interest of future companies, of his Highness, and of Egypt,
and lastly, but not least, casting a slight upon the noble and
arduous work of my husband.
"I have the honour to be, sir, yours obediently,
"Isabel Burton.
"Her Britannic Majesty's Consulate, Trieste, May 30."

The AustrianFrom Opçina we went to Sessana, a village about half an

Scientific hour's drive in the interior, which is very good for the
Congress.
nerves, and from there back to Adelsberg, and thence to
Laibach. There was a scientific Congress (like our British Association)
at the Redouten Sala, and lectures on the Pfalbauten, tumuli, etc., a
public dinner, a country excursion, and then a concert and supper,
which exhausted me considerably, and these things went on for two
or three days.
We visited the Pfalbauten, the excavated villages built upon piles in a
peat country, and all the treasures excavated therefrom. Richard was
received with great honour, surrounded by all the Austrian scientists.
The Pfalbauten, or Pine villages, yielded excavations, which
illustrated the whole age of Horn that preceded the age of Stone,
and weapons made of Uchatius metal, which is wrongly called
bronze-steel. It is compressed bronze and easily cuts metal. This
settles the old dispute of how the Egyptians did such work with
copper and bronze.
Richard then took me on to Graz, where we saw a good deal of
Brugsch Bey. Then we went to Baden, near Vienna, where I had
twenty-one days' bathing and drinking, which we varied with
excursions to Vienna, sometimes to breakfast with Colonel Everard
Primrose, to see people, and to hunt up swords in the Museum for
Richard's "Sword" book. We went to Professor Benedict, nerve
specialist, where Richard had his back electrified for lumbago. Mr.
Egerton and Everard Primrose accompanied us to a place we were
very fond of making an excursion to, Vöslau, and then back to
Baden with us.
On the 31st of May I find in Richard's journal, "Poor Tommy Short
dead, ninety years old;" he was his master at Oxford. After Richard's
death I found one of the Rev. Thomas Short's cards kept amongst
his treasures.
One day we had a delightful journey over the Semmering to
Fröhnleiten. The Badhaus was on a terrace, with the running river
under it in front, a plain and grand mountains all around. The night
air was perfectly delightful, with a beautiful starlight. We had gone
there to see the family of Mr. Brock, our dear old Vice-Consul. We
then went to Römerbad. The Pension Sophien Schloss was
beautifully situated, and we were well lodged. The baths there are
like a gentle electric battery for nerves—the water turns a magnet a
hundred and thirty-five degrees; the woods are lovely; the forestfull
of squirrels come and play about you. We had delightful walks, and
visits from several friends in the neighbourhood, Prince and Princess
Wrede and others.
We had a most charming family of neighbours, who were some of
our best friends in Trieste; they had a lovely property, an old castle
called Weixelstein, near Steinbrück (Monsieur and Madame
Gutmansthal de Benvenuti). He was a Trieste-Italian gentleman, and
she was the daughter of a Russian, by an American wife, and is far
away the most charming woman I know, and so clever. Their place is
to be got at through a mountain gorge, and a river which you cross
by ferry-boats. It is an old-fashioned-monastery-like-looking house in
a gorge, with the river Save running through its park, and here we
paid frequent visits. We had a pleasant excursion also to Mark
Tüffer; a delightful moonlight drive back.
A Ghost After we had been there about a fortnight, the avant
Story. courier of the Crown Princess of Germany, now Empress
Frederick, came to engage rooms. Seeing that her
Imperial Highness wished to be incog., that I was the only
Englishwoman there, and had been presented to her, that I had got
the only rooms in the place that were very nice, that I had the only
bath, we thought it would be good taste to vanish, which we did
next morning, and we went to our friends at Weixelstein. They
received so perfectly, making us at home, like part of the family, and
they let us do exactly what we liked without any effort at
entertaining. Here Madame Gutmansthal, who is a first-rate artist
amongst many other talents, began to paint Richard's picture, which
was a great success, and which is now on view at the Grosvenor
Gallery, in the little room to the left, with a pretty bronze medallion
by Henry Page. Meantime he translated the Weixelstein ghost story
from Old German to English, as he was very much taken with it. He
writes—
 SIR RICHARD BURTON IN 1879.
By Madame Gutmansthal de Benvenuti (Trieste).

"'Veritable and Singular Account of an Apparition, and the

Saving of a Soul, in Castle Weixelstein, in Krain.

"I send you one of the best ghost-stories, and one which your
readers have certainly never seen. We were lately paying a visit
to the Castle of Weixelstein, near Steinbrück, Krain (Carniola),
the country-house of our hospitable friends Monsieur and
Madame Gutmansthal de Benvenuti. My attention was drawn to
two old and portly folios, entitled 'Die Ehre des Herzogthum's
Krain'('The Honour of the Dutchy of Carniola'). An awful title-
page of forty-six lines declares that it was written by Johann
Weichard, Freiherr (Baron) Valvásor, or Walvásor, Lord of
Wazemberg, and printed at Laibach in M.DC.LXXXIX.

"The author, a Fellow R. Soc. London, who was Governor of the

Duchy and Captain of the Frontier, then an important post, is
portrayed with long hair, à la Milton, shaven face, and laced
cravat (Croatian) falling over his breastplate. The book is full of
curious episodes, and above I give you the 'tune' it recommends
for catching crabs. Amongst other things it gives a valuable
disquisition on the bell (lib. xi.), which it dates from the days of
Saint Jerome (A.D. 400). Volume I., which is historical, contains
836 pages (lib. i.-viii.); Volume II., 1007 (lib. ix.-xv.), besides the
register (appendix, index, etc.). It is profusely illustrated by the
author's hand with maps and plans, genealogies and coats of
arms, scenery and castles, costumes and portraits; and, lastly,
with representations of battles, sieges, hangings, roastings, and
hurlings headlong from rocks. The tailpiece is a duello between
a Christian man-at-arms and a 'turban'd Turk.' The plates are on
metal, and remarkably good. A new edition of this notable old
historic-topographical monograph is now being issued from
Laibach (Labacus). 'Carniola antiqua et nova,' is happy in her
'Memoirs;' Valvásor has a rival in Johann Ludovicus Schönleben,
whose folio appeared Labaci M.DC.LXXXI., Œmoniæ Labaci
Conditæ, MM.DCCC.IV. Of the latter, however, only the Tomus
Primus, ending about A.D. 1000, appeared: the Secundus was
not printed, and the fate of the manuscript is unknown.
"Valvásor gives a view of Castle Weixelstein, 'Cherry-tree Rock,'
which the Slavs call Novi Dvor (New Court). There is some
change in the building since 1689. The square towers at the
angles appear lower, from the body of the house having been
raised. The hof, or hollow court to the south, has been
surrounded by a second story; and the fine linden-tree in the
centre is a stump, bearing a large flower-pot. The scene of the
apparition is a low room with barred windows and single-arched
ceiling, which is entered by the kitchen, the first door to the
right of the main gate. The old families mentioned in the story
have mostly disappeared. Enough of preliminary.
"The following is a literal translation of Valvásor's Old German:

"'Veritable and Singular Account of an Apparition, and

the Saving of a Soul, in Castle Weixelstein, in Krain.

"'At the castle above-named, strange noises (rumor) were heard

during the night for several years; but the origin of the same
was a subject of (vain) research and speculation. After a time a
new servant-wench (mensch), engaged in the house, whose
name was Ankha (i.e. Anna) Wnikhlaukha, had the courage, on
hearing these mysterious sounds, to address the ghost in the
following manner:—
"'The 15th of January, A.D. 1684.—Firstly, at night a noise arose
in the servant-wenches' room, as though some one were
walking about clad in iron armour and clanking chains. The
women being sorely frightened, some stable-hands were
brought to sleep with them. They were struck upon the head,
and one was like to die of terror.
"'The 16th January.—In the evening, as the lights still burnt, a
rapping was heard at the room door, but when they went to see
what caused it, nothing was found. Presently those inside put
out the lamps, and lay down to rest. Thereupon began a loud
clatter; the two servant-wenches, Marinkha (Marian)
Samanoukha and Miza (Mitza, Mary) Sayeschankha, were seized
by the head, but they could distinguish no one near them.'
"The whole account is strictly 'spiritualistic.' Ankha is the chosen
medium, and nothing is done till she appears on the scene. The
ghost will hardly answer the officious and garrulous steward;
and has apparently scant respect for the reverend men who
were called in. One of the latter somewhat justified the ghost's
disdain by telling a decided 'fib.' The steps by which the
apparition changes from hot to cold, from weariness to energy,
from dark to white robes, and from loud noises to mild, are
decidedly artistic.
"'On the 17th of January nothing happened.
"'On the 18th, the servant-wenches being in great fear, five
others joined them. One, Hansche Juritschkno Suppan, put out
the light when all lay down, locked the door, and endeavoured
to sleep. Thereupon arose a dreadful noise. After it had ended,
Ankha, by the advice of those present, thus bespake the ghost:
"'"All good spirits, praise the Lord."
"'(This is the recognized formula throughout Germany for
addressing apparitions.)
"'The ghost answered, "I also; so help me God, and Our Blessed
Lady, and the holy Saint Anthony of Padua!"
"'Anna resumed, "What wantest thou, O good spirit?"
"'The ghost replied, "I want thirty Masses." It added, "This
castle was once mine," and it disappeared.
"'On the 19th of January the ghost was present, but nothing
unusual occurred.
"'On the evening of the 20th, the servant-wenches being still
affrighted, the steward (Schreiber), one Antoni Glanitschinigg,
and the man Hansche, before mentioned, with six other
persons, were in the chamber. When all lay down to rest, the
steward locked the door and put out the lamp. The ghost at
once came and violently dragged a chair backwards. Whereupon
quoth Antoni: "I confess that I am a great sinner; nevertheless,
I dare address thee, and ask thee, in God's name, what more
dost thou want?"
"'To this question no answer was vouchsafed by the ghost,
although the steward repeated it a second time and a third
time. He then rose up and advanced towards the apparition,
which was seen standing near the window, thinking to discover
whether it was a true ghost, or some person playing a trick. It
vanished, however, before he could lay hand upon it. The
steward went out with one of the servant-wenches to fetch a
light; and, whilst so doing, he heard the ghost speaking in the
room he had left. When the lamp came nothing was found.
Then all those present knelt down and prayed. After their
devotions the light was extinguished, and the ghost reappeared,
crying out, with weeping and wailing, "Ankha! Ankha! Ankha!
help me." The wench asked, "How can I help thee, O good
spirit?" Whereupon the ghost rejoined, "With thirty Masses,
which must be said at the altar of St. Anthony, in the church of
Jagnenz," which church is in the parish of Schäffenberg.'
"Jagnenz is a church in the valley of the Sapotka, a small stream
which falls into the Save river, about half a mile west of
Weixelstein. Schäffenberg is the hereditary castle of the well-
known county of that name. Wrunikh is another little church,
remarkably pretty, near Weixelstein. Apparently the ghost
served to 'run' Jagnenz against all its rivals.
"'Hearing these words from the ghost, the steward again
inquired, "O thou good spirit, would it not be better to get the
Masses said sooner by dividing them, part at Jagnenz, the other
at the altar of Saint Anthony in Wrunikh?" Whereto the ghost
made an answer, "No! Ankha! Ankha! only at Jagnenz, and not
at Wrunikh!" The steward continued, "As this ghost refuseth to
answer me, do thou, Ankha, ask it what and why it suffers, etc."
Then Ankha addressed it: "My good spirit! tell me wherefore
dost thou suffer?" It replied, "For that I unrighteously used sixty
gulden (florins); so I, a poor widow body, must endure this
penalty." Ankha further said, "Who shall pay for these thirty
Masses?" The ghost rejoined, "The noble master" (of the
castle), and continued, "Ankha! Ankha! I am so weary, and
dead-beat, and martyred, that I can hardly speak."
"'Then cried the steward, "My good spirit! when the thirty
Masses shall have been said, come back and give us a sign that
they have helped thee." The ghost rejoined, "Ankha, to thee I
will give a sign upon thy head." Ankha replied, "God have mercy
upon me, that must endure such fright and pain!" But the ghost
thus comforted her: "Fear not, Ankha. The sign which I will
show to thee shall not be visible upon thy head, nor shall it be
painful." It added, "Ankha! Ankha! I pray thee, when thou
enterest into any house, tell the inmates that one unjust
kreutzer (farthing) eats up twenty just kreutzers." Then the
ghost began to scratch the wench's cap, or coif; and she, in her
terror, took to praying for help. The ghost comforted her, bade
her feel no fear or anxiety, took leave (sic), and was seen no
more that night.
"'Late on the 21st of January the ghost reappeared, and made a
terrible noise with a chair in presence of the lord of the castle,
Sigmund Wilhelm Freiherr, (Baron) von Zetschekher, and of two
ecclesiastics, Georg André Schlebnikh and Lorenz Tsichitsch.
Several others, men and women, were present, and nothing
took place till the candles were put out. Whereupon the said
Schlebnikh began to exorcise the apparition, beginning with the
usual formula, "All good spirits, praise the Lord." The ghost
replied, "I also." It would not, however, answer any questions
put by the ghostly man, but began to speak with Ankha, saying,
"Ankha, help me!" She rejoined, "My dear good spirit, all that
lies in my power will I do for thee; only tell me, my spirit, if the
two Masses already said have in any way lessened thy pain."
The ghost answered, "Yea, verily" (freilich). Ankha continued,
"How many more Masses must thou still have?" and the reply
was, "Thirty, less two." Then Ankha resumed, "Oh, my good
spirit, tell me thy family name." Quoth the ghost, "My name is
Gallenbergerinn." The wench further asked for a sign of
salvation when all the thirty Masses should have been said; the
ghost promised to do so, and disappeared.
"'On the night of the 22nd of January, when the lights were put
out, the ghost reappeared, passing through the shut and tied
door. This was in presence of Wollf Engelbrecht, Baron Gallen,
of the lord of the castle, and of three priests, namely, Georg
Schiffrer, curate of Laagkh, Georg André Schlebnikh, and
Lorenz. There were several others. This time the ghost did not
make a frightful noise as before, the reason being that eight
Masses had been said. So at least it appeared from its address,
"Ankha, Ankha, I thank thee; I shall soon be released." The
wench rejoined, "O my good spirit, dost thou feel any comfort
after the eight Masses?" The apparition replied, "Yea, verily, my
Ankha;" and, when asked how many were wanted, answered,
"Twenty-two." As it had declared its family name, it was now
prayed to disclose its Christian name, in order that the latter
might be introduced into the Masses by the four reverends. It
said, "My name is Mary Elizabeth Gallenbergerinn." Further it
was asked whether, being a Gallenberg, the thirty Masses
should be paid by the Lord of Gallenberg or by "Zetschkher" of
Weixelstein. It ejaculated, "Zetschkher" (without giving the
title); and added, "A thousand, thousand, and a thousand
thanks to thee, dear Ankha." The latter said, "O my good spirit,
tell me what wrong didst thou do with the sixty gulden, that we
may make restoration to the rightful owner." The ghost replied,
"Ankha, this must I tell thee in secret." The wench begged that
the matter might be disclosed in public, so that men might
believe it; but the ghost answered, "No, Ankha; in private." It
then took leave and disappeared, promising to come back for
three more evenings.
"'On the 23rd of January the lord of the castle, with three
priests, prayed at the altar of Saint Anthony of Jagnenz, and five
more Masses were said. They all lodged that night with Georg
André, of Altenhoff, not far from the church. When the lamps
were put out Ankha was placed sitting upon a chest, or box,
between two ecclesiastics, Georg Schiffrer, of Laagkh, and
André Navadnikh. Then after three raps, the ghost came in, and
pulled the hair of one of these reverends. He stood up from the
chest, whereupon it struck Ankha so violent a box on the ear
(ohrfeige) that it sounded like a sharp clapping of hands, and
could be heard over all the dwelling-place (Läben). Lights were
brought, and showed the print of a left hand burnt in the coif on
the right side of the wench's head; she was not hurt, but the
cap remained heated for some time. Nothing else occurred that
night.
"'On the evening of the 24th of January, after prayers by the
priests, and the lamps being extinguished, the ghost rapped
once and came in. As the wench again sat on the same chest
between the priests, the curate of Laagkh felt his hair tugged,
and he rose up. Ankha at the same time exclaimed, "Oh dear!
oh dear! whose cold hand is that?" The priest, who was sitting
near, said, "Don't be afraid, the hand is mine;" but this was not
true. He wished to do away with her fright, and with the
impression caused by the touch.
"'On the 25th of January, when all the required Masses had
been said at the altar of Saint Anthony of Jagnenz, the Lord of
Weixelstein and the priests engaged in the ceremony returned
to pass the night at the castle, and to receive the thanksgiving
of the Saved Soul. While they were supping the housemaid,
carrying the children's food, was crossing the hall to the dining-
room, when the ghost seized her arm. She started back, and
saw behind her the form of a woman robed in white. As the
family were retiring to rest, the lord of the castle ordered two of
his dependents, Christop Wollf and Mathew Wreschek, to pass
the night with the servant-wenches in the haunted room. As the
 lamps were put out the ghost entered and struck a loud rap
upon the table, and said, "Ankha, now I am saved, and I am
going to heaven." The wench rejoined, "O blessed soul, pray to
Heaven for me, for the noble master, the noble mistress, and all
the noble family, and for all those who helped thee to (attain)
thine eternal salvation," whereto the ghost answered, "Amen,
amen, amen." It then went towards Ankha, and privily told her
the promised secret, strictly forbidding her to divulge it.
"'Finally, it should be noted that before all these events Ankha
had confessed and communicated.'
"Trieste, September 8, 1879."

The walks in the woods were delightful, and when the picture was
sufficiently advanced we went to Trieste to meet Mr. and Mrs. Arthur
Evans. We also went with a large party to meet the Prince of
Montenegro, who arrived at Trieste, who was one of the handsomest
men I ever saw, of the dark mountaineer type. This September we
had a great blow. Our favourite Governor, Baron Pino, was
transferred to Linz, and he and his wife were so very popular that
the whole town was in mental mourning. We all went to see them
off, and it was a very heart-breaking scene. We all cried. I have seen
such departures three times. One was for the Spanish Consuless
Madame Zamitt, a lovely and popular woman, who a year or two
later died of cancer in the tongue, and the third was my own
departure (though I say it who should not), on the 27th of January,
1891.
Richard went for a little trip on the 29th of September to Fiume, and
afterwards we went to Albona.
I also induced the podestá, the Mayor, and several of the authorities
of the town to go round with me to become eye-witnesses of the
cruelties and the places where people kept their animals, and the
Mayor told me that, though he had been born and lived all his life in
Trieste, he was quite unaware that it contained such holes and slums
as I was able to show him.
We had the pleasure of being asked by one of our great friends,
Baronne Emilio de Morpurgo, to meet the great painter from Paris,
Monsieur d'Hébert, and I note a pleasant dinner with Monsieur and
Madame Dorn, editor of the Triester Zeitung, to meet Faccio the
maestro; and Signor Serravallo introduced to us Professor Giglioli, of
Florence. Then we went on again to Opçina, and from there we got
a letter from Uncle Gerard, to say that he and my aunt and cousins
were coming to Venice for ten days, and that we were to go and join
them; which summons we obeyed joyfully, and had a most happy
time. After they left, we went off to Chioggia, the fishing village near
Venice, and we had the pleasure of unearthing Mr. Jemmy Whistler
and Dr. George Bird. Mr. Whistler was a great find for us.
Dr. George Bird had appointed to meet me in Venice on his way to
India, as I was not well and wanted to see an English doctor (I had
never got over my fall); but I forgot to ask him what hotel he would
stay at, he forgot to tell me, and Venice is a place you might be
months in, and never meet a person you wanted to see.
Consequently, when I got there, I did not know how to meet him; so
I went to the police, told them my difficulty, gave them his
photograph, and told them he did not know a word of anything but
English. The consequence was that the moment he arrived the
police brought him straight off to me; all the way he kept wondering
what law he had transgressed, and what they were going to do with
him. When he saw me, he gave what we, his intimate friends, call
one of his "smiles." He has a habit of roaring with laughter, so loud
that the whole street stops and looks, and he then says gently, "Oh,
excuse my smiling." He said, "Have you done this?" "Why," I said,
"of course; how else could I get at you?" The police spoke a few
words to me, and then, to his astonishment, I turned to him and
said, "You travelled with a young lady; you parted with her at such a
station; you came on alone, and you lost your luggage." "But how, in
the name of goodness, do you know all this?" "Ah," I said
mysteriously, "secret police!" We went off and immediately looked
after the luggage, and recovered it before he had to go on board his
Indian steamer, and I had my consultation.
Excursions. It was now November, and very cold weather, with
frequent Boras, but we nevertheless managed a quantity
of excursions in search for castellieri and inscriptions. One we took in
a frightful Bora—I don't know how we did it. We had a little country
cart about the size of a tea-cart, and two rattling good horses, and
we drove for two hours, passing four villages and reaching San
Daniell, a fortified village on a hill with an old castle under the big
mountains. It was owned by a primitive learned old man of seventy-
four, and active as a boy, a queer old housekeeper of a wife, sons
who shoot, and daughters, and three old brothers, who played cards
with him in the evening. It is a large landed property in the Karso, of
no use because it is all stones; the castle is draughty, all the
windows and doors are open and half unused; there is no idea of
comfort. It has two heavy gateways for entrance, an old wall for
defence, and a Roman inscription. We got a shelter with them,
lunched in a primitive way in an old chimney in an inn with the
villagers; then we got another country cart and had twenty minutes'
more drive, and half an hour's rough climbing over stones to get at
the object of our search, which was a Troglodyte cave fifty metres
deep, the entrance in a side field, and said to have been inhabited
by ancients. There we stood for forty minutes in a Bora that made
us hold on, taking squeezes of the inscriptions. Once finished, we
tumbled back over the stones till we reached our cart, had twenty
minutes' drive back, were glad to get near the fire and the chimney,
and have some hot coffee. There was a struggling quarter-moon,
and we drove back at a rattling pace to Opçina, encountering two
snowstorms on our way. When we arrived, after eight hours out, we
were frozen and had to be assisted out of the cart; there was a large
china stove in the dining-room, and we sat down, one on each side
of it, on the floor with our backs to it, and the landlord gave us some
hot brandy-and-water with spice in it. We were a great many hours
before we got any feeling at all, far less warm.
I have known a weak horse and man die on such a night on that
road in the Bora. We had fearful weather that year, something like
the present one (1892-3), but with our Bora added on to it. We
dined out one night in Trieste, and forbid our coachman to go on to
the Quai, for fear of being blown into the sea; but he disobeyed us,
and, to our horror, we saw by degrees our cab got nearer and nearer
the edge. When it was about a yard or two from the edge, we
opened the door and jumped out on the other side, and the man
had to jump down and lead his horse into the back streets.
Richard now wrote a letter on the subject of the Indo-Mediterranean
railway, and he objected to the route of his friend Captain Cameron;
the object was to give the Indian mails seven days instead of three
weeks for letters to reach. Richard stood out stoutly for a line which
should start from Tyre in Syria, tap the very richest lands in Syria,
pass Ba'albak, and the once glorious valley plain of the Orontes,
reaching Aleppo.
During some part of this year (I cannot exactly say what day, as the
letter bears only the date Thursday) Richard was invited to come to
some place to meet the King of the Belgians, who had asked
repeatedly for him, calling him "the Pioneer of all these African
travels," and saying, "Where did you disappear to? nobody could find
you;" which was just like Richard's extreme modesty, going out of
the way when any honour or notice was going on.
I was very unhappy at Richard's determination to go once more to
Egypt to try his luck about the mines; still, as there were such great
hopes depending on it, and there was not enough money for both of
us, he had to go and I had to stay. There was nothing for it but to
go and see him off.
He desired me to give our usual Christmas-parties, so the poor
children had their feast at one o'clock on one day, the servants
inviting all their friends—had a supper and a dance; then I gave my
English party, which we all enjoyed very much, and passed my usual
San Silvester night (in English, seeing the old year out and the new
year in) at Madame Gutmansthal's, which was a settled thing
whenever they and we were in Trieste.
Whenever I was alone, I tried to introduce giving supper-parties only
to my intimate women-friends in tea-gowns; but it did not succeed
very well, as the husbands did not like not being asked.
On the 11th of January I gave a party to eighty-seven of our
intimate Triestine friends. The English and foreigners never
assimilated; they separated into different rooms, and they both
spoilt each other's pleasure.
A very amusing practice, which lasted some time in the good Society
of Trieste, was meeting to recite plays, French, German, and Italian,
everybody taking a part, sitting round a table and each reading our
part as if we were acting it. It was a very intellectual way of passing
the evening, and it ended by supper. Each house took its turn. Then
we used to have singing meetings on the same principle—sort of
musical classes, where we went in for glees, choir music, and
particular masters, such as Mendelssohn, Rubenstein, and so on.
Richard I began to get ill again (I had never recovered my fall of
sends me nine months ago), and the doctors advised me to see a
Home to a
Bone-setter.
bone-setter. I wrote and told Richard, and he ordered
me off by telegram; so I started on the 17th of February
to meet a woman-friend who remained in Vienna, of whom more
later. At last I went on to Linz to see our old friends Baron and
Baroness Pino, where I had a delightful visit, and in a few days had
been introduced to all the great Austrian Society there; went on to
Paris, and reached London on the 1st of March. I was nearly three
months under clever Dr. Maclagan, the father of salicin. I went as
advised to Hutton, the bone-setter, who found something wrong with
my ankle and my back and my arm, in consequence of the fall, and
set me straight, and what he did to my back lasted me for a long
time in the way of pain. I went through a long course of vapour-
baths and shampooing. My chief pleasure was a spontaneous visit
from dear old Martin Tupper, since dead, who gave me a copy of his
"Proverbial Philosophy."
I also had several interesting visits from Gordon, who happened to
be in London at this time. I remember on the 15th of April, 1880, he
asked me if I knew the origin of the "Union Jack," and he sat down
on my hearth-rug before the fire, cross-legged, with a bit of paper
and a pair of scissors, and he made me three or four Union Jacks, of
which I pasted one into my journal of that day; and I never saw him
again—that is thirteen years ago. The flag foundation was azure; on
the top of that comes St. George's cross gules, then St. Andrew's
cross saltire blanc, St. Patrick's cross saltire gules.
Richard Since Richard's last visit, great changes had taken place
meets with in Egypt, for Ismail Pasha had abdicated, who believed
Foul Play.
in and needed these mines; and Tewfik Pasha had
succeeded, and Tewfik did not consider himself bound by anything
his father had done; and if the English Government gave a man a
chance, it certainly would not have been given to Richard Burton.
Hence he got no further than Egypt, and ate his heart out in
impotent rage and disgust at his bad luck. On the 2nd or 3rd of May,
as he was returning home from dining rather late in Alexandria, he
was attacked by nine men, and hit over the head from behind with
some sharp instrument. He fell to the ground, and on coming to,
staggered to the hotel, and was all covered with blood. He turned
round and struck out at them, as his knuckles were all raw. It was
supposed to be foul play with a motive, as the only thing they stole
was his "divining rod" for gold which he carried about his person,
and the signet ring off his finger, but left his watch and chain and
purse. He kept it a profound secret in order that it should be no
hindrance to his going back to work the mines in Midian; but he
came home in May, and never let me know that he was hurt until I
came up to him. I was ill in London; the woman friend whom I had
left at Vienna, now came over to London to bring me back, but
stayed in London, and did not accompany me back at all. I quote
this letter prematurely because it regards the subject of Midian.

"Gold in Western Arabia.

"Rohitsch-Sauerbrunn, August 5th, 1887.

"After an unconscionable delay, the following letter was received
by me, dated Jeddah (Red Sea), from Mr. A. Levick, son of my
old friend the ex-postmaster of Suez, whose name is known to a
host of travellers. It will be shown that, even without action on
the part of Europeans, the cause of discovery is thriving, and
the public will presently ask why, in our present condition, when
there is almost a famine of gold, England pays no attention to
these new fields.
"'From inquiries I have made at Jeddah, I learn on good
authority that gold quartz has been found in great quantities at
Táif (the famous summering-place among the highlands to the
east of Mecca), or rather on the mountain range between that
place and Mecca. The person who gave me this information at
the time of the discovery went to Constantinople and sundry
other capitals, but the results obtained were not very
encouraging. I was also told that Mr. Moel Betts (of the defunct
company, Betts, Wylde, and Co.) has at Suez specimens of this
quartz, which he took away with him from Jeddah when he
went north. All this information is trustworthy, and you may
thoroughly rely on its being correct, as I got it from a man in
whom I can confide. An old Oriental traveller like yourself can
understand how hard it always is to arrive at the truth in a place
like this. However I am assured that the Government engineer
of this district (Jeddah), a certain Sádik Bey, can also give me
valuable details regarding the specimens found and the results
obtained. Meanwhile you can confidently rely on the details
which I have so far managed to obtain. I should also add that
the person who so kindly gave me the news has further
promised that he will do his utmost to provide me with
specimens when he goes to Mecca. I have seen Mr. Consul
Jago, and asked him if he could help me with anything. I shall
be very glad to learn from you that the gold mines of Midian are
likely to be coming on again, and I should think this a most
favourable time to bring forward your most wonderful
discoveries near Al-Muwaylah.'
"So far Mr. Levick. I am not astonished to hear that the results
of the gold quartz were 'unsatisfactory.' These opinions were
probably picked up from the surface, or broken off from some
outcrop. But the fact of their being found is all-important; and
the outcome of the work would be very different were it carried
out by a scientific engineer, or, better still, by a practical miner
 from the gold diggings. I have heard now of auriferous
discoveries extending from between the mountains of Northern
Midian, along the line of the West Arabian Gháts, until they
meet the volcanic region about Aden. They have been reported
to me from behind Yambu, and Mecca, Mocha, and Hodaydah;
and I have a thorough conviction that some day they will be
found exceedingly valuable.
"Richard F. Burton."

When Richard was leaving Egypt for good, Mr. Cookson, the brother
of our Consul at Alexandria, Sir Charles Cookson, between whom
and Richard there existed a great friendship, wrote his "Good-bye" in
the following terms, which pleased Richard beyond everything:—
"Farewell to thee, Richard; we bid thee adieu.
May Plutus and Crœsus their treasures lay bare;
May their storehouse on earth be revealed unto you,
So that wealth may be added to merits so rare!

"May nuggets as big as the hat on your head

Be strewn in your path as you journey at will;
And veins of rich gold 'neath the ground as you tread
Lie hidden perdu, to be won by your skill.

"And when thou hast made a fabulous haul,

And flooded the market with shares,
On thy virtuous life may a blessing befall,
To gild thy declining years."

Some time after this, some thoughtless youngsters played a practical

joke on Mr. Cookson, and pretended to him that it came from
Richard, who, on learning it a long time afterwards, felt sorely hurt
and mortified that his old friend should have been left in error, and
thought him capable of such a thing.
To my horror, I had found Richard with a secretly broken head, raw
knuckles, and gout in his feet, but he soon got round under my care,
and then I took him off to Opçina. He was afraid of meningitis, as
they had wounded him just in the nuque. The doctor put him under
a course of salicin, and at last he had an attack of healthy gout in
the feet, which did him good. I got the best doctor, but he knew less
about it than we did. Nubar Pasha came over about this time, and
came up and stayed with us, and that did him good. He was soon
able to breakfast down in the garden. He now began to walk about
freely, and to take long drives, even to climb hills.
The first excursion that he made was to a foiba. This means one of
the great pot-holes in the Karso, some of which are a hundred, two
hundred, five hundred, or two thousand feet deep. Some of the
most brutal amongst the peasant Slavs have the habit of throwing
their animals down, when they want to get rid of them, and it was
said that a dog was thrown down there, and we thought we could
hear its moans, so we started off with a large party with endless
ropes and grappling irons. He sounded the depths, and at last we
seemed to get hold of something, at which all the men pulled and
hoisted up a tree. This frightened all the owls who had taken refuge
in this hole, and they flew out, and then we found that what we
thought was the moaning of the dog was the hooting of these owls.
Then our fencing-master, Herr Reich, came up to us frequently, and
we had numberless drives over the Karso.

"It."

"If all the harm that women have done

Were put in a bundle and rolled into one,
The earth could not hold it, the sky not enfold it,
It could not be lighted nor warmed by the sun!
Such masses of evil would puzzle the devil
And keep him in fuel while Time's wheels run."
We had once to pass through a very uncanny trial, which may be
said to have lasted from 1877 to the end of 1880, and somewhat
(though in a less degree) to 1883. We suddenly began to be
inundated with anonymous letters; then our private papers and
writings would disappear; a great fuss of finding them was made,
and when all fuss and hope of recovery was over, they would
reappear. There was always some mystery hanging about, and once
we found on the floor a copy-book with some very good imitations of
my handwriting, or what my handwriting would be if I tried to
disguise it a little backwards, and some very bad and easily
recognizable attempts at my husband's very peculiar hand. The
anonymous letters generally tried to set us against each other, if
possible, and I was always finding love-letters thrust into his
pockets, whenever I cleaned or brushed his clothes, which I
generally did when he was ill, in order not to have the servants in
the room. Fortunately we told each other everything, and he used to
carry his letters to me, and I mine to him, but we could make
nothing of it.
At last he said, in 1879 (when he was going away to Midian), "You
must be quite sure not to make yourself uncomfortable about any of
this sort of thing, and to tell me everything that occurs; because I
am sure this is an intrigue, and a woman's intrigue, which has
something to do with money. When we were poor everybody left us
in peace, but ever since 1877 nothing has been talked about but the
enormous riches that I am going to make in these mines, and you
have been offering parures of turquoise to all your friends in my
name. So somebody is working to try and separate us. You keep
your 'weather eye' open, and believe nothing, nor shall I, and you
will see that one day or another it is bound to ooze out." It did ooze
out—after it did not matter.
Ever after these annoyances began, whenever we were going to
make the smallest remark which might be unlucky, we always used
to say, "Hush! 'IT' will hear you;" and then we used to laugh. This
became so habitual with us, that everybody else thought we were
alluding to Providence, or evil spirits, or such like; but we were really
alluding to our uncanny, fleshly evil genius, who, though we did not
know it, was nestling close to us and heard it all. It was, therefore,
with a doubly heavy heart that I saw him depart on his third and last
journey for Midian, and was thankful when it was over.
Camoens. Richard and I now went to Opçina a great deal alone,
and we were working together at his Camoens,
beginning at the two volumes of the "Lusiads."
In early 1880, he brought out a little bit of the first canto of the
"Lusiads," and the episode of "Ignez de Castro," his favourite bit, as
samples. I can never remember to have had a more peaceful and
happy time with Richard than in Opçina, where we led a Darby and
Joan life, and principally 1879, 1880, 1881, and part of 1882. We did
all the six volumes of Camoens, he translating, I helping him and
correcting. I wrote the little sonnet for him, my preface, and the
Glossary, and his "Reviewers Reviewed."

"TO MY MASTER CAMOENS.

"(Tu se' lo mio maestro, è lo mio autore.)

"Great Pilgrim-poet of the Sea and Land;

Thou life-long sport of Fortune's ficklest will;
Doomed to all human and inhuman ill,
Despite thy lover-heart, thy hero-hand;
Enrollèd by the pen what marvellous band
Of god-like Forms thy golden pages fill;
Love, Honour, Justice, Valour, Glory thrill
The Soul, obedient to thy strong command:
Amid the Prophets highest sits the Bard,
At once Revealer of the Heaven and Earth,
To Heaven the guide, of Earth the noblest guard;
And, 'mid the Poets, thine the peerless worth,
Whose glorious song, thy Genius' sole reward,
Bids all the Ages, Camoens, bless thy birth!"
 ——Isabel Burton.

He was quite upset about the Glossary. When he had used archaic
words, which belonged to Chaucer and Spencer, he said, "Do you
mean to say that they won't understand me?" When I produced my
glossary of three hundred and fourteen words, he said, "You are
never going to insult the English public with that?" I said, "But,
indeed, I am; and I know very well that you have not fifteen readers
that will know them without, but they will pretend they do, and be
very much offended, whilst internally they will thank their God that
they have got it, and are able to look grand on the strength of it."
But he curtailed it, and in this he was encouraged by our old friend
Bernard Quaritch.
Camoens is splendidly and literally translated. No one was so well
fitted as Richard to bring out this epic and heroic life. He divided his
work into six heads: Biographical, Bibliographical, Historical and
Chronological, Geographical, and Annotative—it was the result of a
daily act of devotion of more than twenty years, from a man of this
age, who has taken the hero of a former age for his model, his
master, as Dante did Virgil; and between whose two fates—master
and disciple—exists a strange similarity. The two volumes of "Life
and Commentary" show a profundity of learning and intelligence
which would be quite enough to make the name of any other man, if
he had never written anything else, but though Camoens has not
taken hold of the public yet, he will. Richard lived to do six volumes;
he would have done four more had he lived. His little letter of
dedication to Swinburne, in vol. i of the "Lyrics," is a masterpiece.

"To

"The Prince of the Lyric Poets of his day,

"Algernon Charles Swinburne.

"My dear Swinburne,
"Accept the unequal exchange—my brass for your gold. Your
'Poems and Ballads' began to teach the Philister what might
there is in the music of language, and what the marvel of lyric
inspiration, far subtler and more ethereal than mere poetry,
means to the mind of man.
"Without more ado, allow me to excuse this 'transaction' by a
something which comes from the East—
"'A poor man, passing by one day when his King travelled,
brought him a little water with both hands, saying, "Drink, my
lord, for the heat is great." He accepted it gladly from him, not
looking to the small quality of that service, but only to the good
will with which it was offered.'
"Believe me ever,
"Your old friend and fellow-traveller,
"Richard F. Burton.
"Desterro, Trieste,
"September 25th, 1884."

"The Pines, Putney Hill, S.W.,

"November 7th, 1884.
"My dear Burton,
"Your dedication makes me very proud, and the kindness of its
terms gives me still a heartier pleasure than that of mere pride
in your friendship. Thanks to you both, and notably to Frances H
——" [me] "for her letter, or rather your joint one of the 10th,
which has now been followed by the arrival of the two volumes.
They are yet more interesting (naturally) to me than their
precursors....
"The learning and research of your work are in many points
beyond all praise of mine, but not more notable than the
strength and skill that wield them. I am hungrily anticipating the
'Arabian Nights.' You both know how we look forward to our
next meeting with you, when you shall not run away so soon as
you did last time.
"Both of yours always,
"A. C. Swinburne."

"The Pines, Putney Hill, S.W.,

"April 13th, 1881.
"My dear Mrs. Burton,
"I am horribly ashamed to find that my letter of thanks to you
on the arrival of the 'Lusiads,' which I quite thought had been at
once written and despatched (this is the real honest truth, and
not a lying after-thought to excuse myself), never went or
existed at all, but remained in the limbo of good intentions. I
cannot tell how, for I distinctly remember the very words I
meant to send, and thought I had sent, of congratulations to
Burton on having in that translation, as I think, matched Byron
on his own chosen ground as a translator, and beaten him at his
own weapon. The version of Pulci's 'Morgante,' on which Byron
prided himself so greatly as being, in his own words, the best
translation that ever was or will be made, is an infinitely less
important, and I should think less difficult attempt on exactly
the same lines of work, and certainly, to say the least, not more
successful, as far as one can judge, without knowledge of
Camoens in the original language.
 "With best remembrances to both of you.
"Ever faithfully yours,
"A. C. Swinburne."

I prefer the "Lusiads," but the Portuguese think that if Camoens had
never written the "Lusiads," his sonnets would have immortalized
him, and prefer his to Petrarch's.
Besides this, we used to fence a great deal during those years. We
set up a tir au pistolet, and used to practise every morning after
breakfast. When snow was deep we drove in a sledge. We attended
the school feast annually, and sometimes we had village serenades.
At Opçina, on the Eve of St. John's, the peasants light fires all over
the country, and the superstition is that you must see eleven fires
burning at the same time in order to have a lucky year. When we
went up there, we lived absolutely alone, without any servants, and
we used to take long walks and drives.

"GERALD MASSEY TO RICHARD F. BURTON.

"'Englished by Richard Burton.' And well done,

As it was well worth doing; for this is one
Of those old Poets, who are always new,
That share eternity with all that's true,
And of their own abounding spirit do give
Substance to Earth's dead Shadows; and make men live
Who in action merely did but flit and pass;
Now fixed for ever in thought's reflecting-glass.
This is the Poet of weary wanderers
In perilous lands; and wide-sea Voyagers,
And climbers fall'n and broken on the stairs.
A man of men; a master of affairs,
Whose own life-story is, in touching truth,
Poem more potent than all feignèd truth.
His Epic trails a story in the wake
 Of Gama, Raleigh, Frobisher, and Drake.
The poem of Discovery! sacred to
Discoverers, and their deeds of derring-do,
Is fitly rendered in The Traveller's land,
By one of the foremost of the fearless band."
——Gerald Massey.

"Burton's Camoens.

(A cutting from the Press.)

"In his wanderings afar from the world's highway, he made

Camoens his companion, and discovered a peculiar sympathy of
mind between himself and the noble Portuguese—an affinity
which Mrs. Burton seems inclined to trace even in the fortunes
of the two men (absit omen!)."

The Daily Telegraph, February 21, 1881.

"'Camoens,' he says, 'is the perfection of a traveller's study. A

wayfarer and a voyager from his youth; a soldier, somewhat
turbulent withal, wounded and blamed for his wounds; a
doughty sword and yet doughtier pen; a type of the chivalrous
age; a patriot of the purest water, so jealous of his country's
good fame, that nothing would satisfy him but to see the world
bow before her perfections; a genius, the first and foremost of
his day, who died in the direst poverty and distress.' These are
good titles to admiration in any case, and we cannot wonder
that a great English traveller, himself too a poet, should have
been captivated all these long years by the charms of that
beautiful Portuguese tongue, and those noble and stirring
sentiments which stand enshrined in Camoens' deathless pages.
If it be true that Chapman's 'Iliad' is a great work because of
the intense love and admiration which its author had for the
blind old bard of Greece, then certainly Captain Burton's labour,
which has taken up twenty years of a much-occupied life,
ought, for the same reason, to be able to stand the test of time,
inasmuch as it is the fruit of genuine and heartfelt devotion on
the part of the translator to the author and his poetic
masterpiece."

The Daily Telegraph, February 21, 1881.

"'My master, Camoens,' Captain Burton calls him, and goes on to

pay his tribute of gratitude for the real solace which the much-
loved volume has been to him in many wanderings. 'On board
raft and canoe, sailing vessel and steamer, on the camel and the
mule, under the tent and the jungle tree, on the fire-peak and
the snow-peak,' writes the accomplished 'Hadji,' 'Camoens has
been my companion, my consoler, my friend;' and we may
remark that a study of Camoens, who is an ideal patriot, as well
as a constant lover, whose fair one was snatched away by death
at the age of twenty, would be useful in the present day as an
antidote to schools of thought which banish both patriotism and
romance, as far as they can, into the region of forbidden
sentiments. Indeed, so intensely patriotic is the bard, that in the
opening of his epic he bids Achilles, Alexander, and all other
ancient warriors and travellers, cease to 'vaunt long voyages
made in bygone day,' as if the 'better bravery' of the Lusitanian
explorers fairly threw into the shade all attempts in the same
line which had been made before. This may be going a little too
far, but, at all events, it is a fault in the right direction, which
 deserved better treatment than King Ferdinand's annual dole of
five golden sovereigns."

A Little One day, as we sat at our twelve o'clock breakfast at

Anecdote Opçina, on a very hot day, a poor barefooted Capuchin
about a
Capuchin.
came in, looking hot, jaded, dusty, and travel-stained.
He sat down in another part of the restaurant at a table,
and humbly asked for a glass of water. We were waiting for our
breakfast, and I slipped out of the room and said to the landlord,
"Every time you bring us up a dish, put a third portion, with bread
and vegetables, and in due course sweets and cheese, before the
poor Capuchin who has just come in, and a bottle of the same wine
you give us, and tell him to pray for the donors." I slipped back into
my place, and I saw Richard kept staring at him, when he was not
looking, with an amused smile, and finally he turned round to me
and whispered, "There, just look! You say that those fellows starve,
and I declare to you that he has eaten, mouthful for mouthful,
everything we have eaten, and a good bottle of wine like ours." So I
laughed and I said, "Yes; but with your money!" "Oh, you
blackguard! am I paying for his dinner?" "Yes," I said, "you are; and
he is going to pray for us." He was far from being vexed; he was too
kind, and he enjoyed the joke very much. I said to him, "That man
has been catering all over Istria for provisions for the convent, and
the rule at table is that they eat whatever you put on their plates,
but they must not ask. Seeing the state he is in, you would not like
to have seen him go away with a glass of water." "No," he said, "that
I should not; I am glad you did it."
The Passion We now determined, and fortunately, to see the Passion
Play—Ober- Play at Ober-Ammergau. I say fortunately, because we
Ammergau.
could scarcely have done it in 1890, just before his
death; the fatigue would have been too great for him. We had a
delightful trip from Venice to Padua, to Vicenza, and thence to
Verona. There the country is simply lovely, and the train begins to
mount to Ala, which is the frontier of Italy and the Austrian Tyrol. It
seems like getting out of a picturesque desert—so far are the
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