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Web Development & Design Foundations with HTML5 & CSS3
Instructor Materials Chapter 6 Test Bank
Multiple Choice. Choose the best answer.

1. To apply a style to one or more elements on a web page, configure a CSS

_____________.

a. group

b. id

c. class

d. None of the above

2. The box model consists of a content area surrounded by:

a. a border

b. padding, border, and margin

c. border and margin

d. spacing, border, and margin

3. The _______ is the area between the content and the border.

a. border

b. spacing

c. padding

d. none of the above

4. _________ flow displays the elements on the page in the order they appear in the

web page source code.

a. default

b. source code

c. browser

d. normal

Page 1
Web Development & Design Foundations with HTML5 & CSS3
Instructor Materials Chapter 6 Test Bank

5. Use ___________ positioning to slightly change the location of an element in relation

to where it would otherwise appear when rendered by a browser.

a. absolute

b. float

c. relative

d. display

6. The CSS to create the class called myfloat that floats to the right of the other page

content, has a 10px margin, and a solid border is:

a. .myfloat { float:right; margin:10px; border: 1px solid #000000; }

b. #myfloat { right:float: margin 10px; border: 1px solid #000000; }

c. .myfloat { float:right; 10px:margin; border: 1px solid #000000; }

d. .myfloat { float:right; margin:10px; border: on; }

7. The default value for the border property for an element is:

a. 1 pixel

b. 0 pixels

c. 3 pixels

d. 10 pixels

8. When using the box model, the _____ is always transparent.

a. border

b. content

c. spacing

d. margin

Page 2
Web Development & Design Foundations with HTML5 & CSS3
Instructor Materials Chapter 6 Test Bank
9. Use an id to configure a style when:

a. the style could apply to more than one element on a page.

b. the style will apply to only one element on a page.

c. the style is used for all elements on a page.

d. None of the above

10. If an element is configured with ___________ the other content on the page will

appear to its left.

a. position:left;

b. position:relative;

c. float:left;

d. float:right;

11. Which of the following configures a margin for an element with the following values:

top margin 30 pixels, left margin 150 pixels, right margin 0 pixels, and bottom margin 0

pixels?

a. margin: 150px 20px 0 300px;

b. margin:top-30, left-150, right-0, bottom-0;

c. margin:30px 0 0 150px;

d. none of the above

12. Use the ________ property along with the left, right and/or top property to precisely

configure the position of an element.

a. position:absolute;

Page 3
Web Development & Design Foundations with HTML5 & CSS3
Instructor Materials Chapter 6 Test Bank
b. position:relative;

c. position:float;

d. absolute:position;

13. Use the ________ or _______ property to clear a float.

a. float or clear

b. clear or overflow

c. position or clear

d. overflow or float

14. Choose the example below that configures a comment in CSS.

a. <! comment !>

b. // comment //

c. /* comment */

d. << comment >>

15. Choose the example below of a descendent selector that configures the anchor tags

with the nav element.

a. nav a

b..navigation a

c. #nav a

d. a nav

16. Select the example below that could be used to clear a right float.

a. clear: right;

Page 4
Web Development & Design Foundations with HTML5 & CSS3
Instructor Materials Chapter 6 Test Bank
b. clear: left;

c. right: clear;

d. overflow: right;

17. Select the example below that configures a container to clear all floated elements

that are within the container.

a. clear: both;

b. overflow: all;

c. overflow: auto;

d. clear: all;

18. When configuring the background color of an element, the background color is

applied to both the content and ______ areas.

a. border

b. padding

c. margin

d. extra

19. Use the _______________ property to configure an image to use as a bullet point in

an unordered list.

a. bullet-image

b. image-style

c. list-style-image

d. bullet-style-image

Page 5
Web Development & Design Foundations with HTML5 & CSS3
Instructor Materials Chapter 6 Test Bank
20. From the choices below select the correct order to code CSS pseudo-classes.

a. link, hover, visited, active

b. hover, link, active, visited

c. link, visited, hover, active

d. link, hover, active, visited

21. Set list-style-type to the value ___________ to hide the display of the list markers on

an ordered list.

a. none

b. hide

c. invisible

d. nodisplay

22. The _______ pseudo-class configures the styles that will apply when the mouse is

on a hyperlink.

a. hover

b. click

c. active

d. over

23. The _____ pseudo-class configures the appearance of the hyperlink before it is

clicked.

a. hover

b. link

c. hyperlink

d. active

Page 6
Web Development & Design Foundations with HTML5 & CSS3
Instructor Materials Chapter 6 Test Bank
24. Choose the HTML5 element below that is used to configure an area on a

web page that can stand on its own and could potentially be syndicated.

a. div

b. section

c. article

d. aside

25. The ________ HTML5 element is used to contain tangential or supplemental

content.

a. header

b. main

c. aside

d. section

26. Choose the item below that is not an HTML5 element.

a. footer

b. figcaption

c. wrapper

d. article

27. Choose the example below of a descendant selector that configures the anchor tags

within the element assigned to an id named special.

a. #special a

b. .special a

c. a#special

Page 7
Web Development & Design Foundations with HTML5 & CSS3
Instructor Materials Chapter 6 Test Bank
d. special#a

28. Use ___________ positioning to configure the location of an element to remain the

same and to not move even when the web page is scrolled within the browser viewport.

a. absolute

b. static

c. relative

d. fixed

Page 8
Web Development & Design Foundations with HTML5 & CSS3
Instructor Materials Chapter 6 Test Bank
Answers.

1. c

2. b

3. c

4. d

5. c

6. a

7. b

8. d

9. b

10. d

11. c

12. a

13. b

14. c

15. a

16. a

17. c

18. b

19. c

20. c

21.a

22. a

23. b

24. c

25. c

Page 9
Web Development & Design Foundations with HTML5 & CSS3
Instructor Materials Chapter 6 Test Bank
26. c

27. a

28. d

Page 10
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colores, un pañuelo, y un sombrero de paja, y á veces
una alpargata de suela, con sus cordones de mecate.'
Registro Yucateco, tom. i., pp. 177-8. See further:
Hassel, Mex. Guat., p. 267; Galindo, in Lond. Geog.
Soc., Jour., vol. iii., p. 59; Wilson's Amer. Hist., pp. 88,
114; Morelet, Voyage, tom. i., pp. 147, 179.
[936] 'Tous portaient les cheveux longs, et les
Espagnols ont eu beaucoup de peine à les leur faire
couper; la chevelure longue est encore aujourd'hui le
signe distinctif des Indiens insoumis.' Waldeck, Voy.
Pitt., p. 40. 'Las caras de blanco, negro, y colorado
pintadas, que llaman embijarse, y cierto parecen
demonios pintados.' Cogolludo, Hist. de Yucathan, p.
6. Compare above with Ternaux-Compans, in
Nouvelles Annales des Voy., 1843, tom. xcvii., p. 50;
Helps' Span. Conq., vol. ii., p. 262.
[937] 'The buildings of the lower class are thatched
with palm-leaves, and form but one piece, without
window or chimney.' Hermesdorf, in Lond. Geog. Soc.,
Jour., vol. xxxii., p. 544. 'Cubrense las casas de vna
cuchilla que los Indios hazen de pajas muy espessas y
bien assentadas, que llaman en esta tierra jacales.'
Dávila Padilla, Hist. Fund. Mex., p. 549. See also:
Museo Mex., tom. ii., p. 554; Barnard's Tehuantepec,
pp. 221, 225, with cut; Hassel, Mex. Guat., p. 252;
Burgoa, Geog. Descrip., tom. i., pt. ii., fol. 197.
[938] The Chochos and Chontales 'no tenian Pueblo
fundado, si no cobachuelas estrechas en lo mas
escondido de los montes.' Burgoa, Geog. Descrip.,
tom. ii., pt. ii., fol. 336. The Chinantecs lived 'en
rancherias entre barrancas, y espessuras de arboles.'
Burgoa, Palestra, Hist., pt. i., fol. 102; Charnay, Ruines
Américaines, p. 438.
[939] Zapotecs; 'Se dan con gran vicio sus
sementeras.' Miztecs, 'labradores de mayz, y frizol.'
Burgoa, Geog. Descrip., tom. i., pt. ii., fol. 36, 143 and
47, 165-6, 184, tom. ii., pt. ii., fol. 199-200, 202, 228,
282, 396, 398, 400. Zapotecs, 'grande inclinacion, y
exercicio á la caza, y monteria de animales campesinos
en especial de venados.' Burgoa, Palestra Hist., pt. i.,
fol. 110. See further: Barnard's Tehuantepec, pp. 220-
2, 225-6; Moro, in Garay, Reconocimiento, pp. 90, 93-
4; Brasseur de Bourbourg, Voy. Tehuantepec, p. 196;
Navarrete, Col. de Viages, tom. iii., pp. 56, 61;
Galindo, in Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour., vol. iii., p. 59.
[940] Tabasco: 'Comen a sus horas concertadas,
carnes de vaca, puerco, y aues, y beué vna beuida
muy sana, hecha de cacao, mayz, y especia de la
tierra, la qual llaman Zocolate.' Herrera, Hist. Gen.,
dec. iii., lib. vii., cap. iii. Tortillas, 'When they are baked
brown, they are called "totoposti," and taste like
parched corn.' Shufeldt's Explor. Tehuantepec, p. 125.
The Chontales, 'su alimento frecuente es el posole ...
rara vez comen la carne de res.' Orozco y Berra,
Geografía, p. 161-2; Dampier's Voyages, vol. ii., pt. ii.,
pp. 112-14; Hermesdorf, in Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour.,
vol. xxxii., pp. 543-4.
[941] Sr Moro, speaking of the chintule, says: 'Una
infusion de estas raices comunica su fragancia al agua
que los tehuantepecanos emplean como un objeto de
lujo sumamente apreciado, tanto para labar la ropa de
uso, como para las abluciones personales.' Moro, in
Orozco y Berra, Geografía, p. 180. 'Toutes les parties
de leur vêtement sont toujours nouvellement
blanchies. Les femmes se baignent au moins une fois
par jour.' Fossey, Mexique, p. 24. At Chiapas, 'Tous ces
Indiens, nus ou en chemise, répandaient dans
l'atmosphère une odeur sui generis qui soulevait le
cœur.' Charnay, Ruines Américaines, p. 457. The
women are 'not very clean in their habits, eating the
insects from the bushy heads of their children.'
Hermesdorf, in Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour., vol. xxxii., p.
543. 'No son muy limpias en sus personas, ni en sus
casas, con quanto se laban.' Herrera, Hist. Gen., dec.
iv., lib. x., cap. iv.; Morelet, Voyage, tom. i., p. 148.
[942] 'Peleauan con lanças, armadas las puntas con
espinas y huessos muy agudos de pescados.' Herrera,
Hist. Gen., dec. ii., lib. iv., cap. xi. 'Usaban de lanzas de
desmesurado tamaño para combatir.' Orozco y Berra,
Geografía, p. 187. See also: Oviedo, Hist. Gen., tom.
iii., p. 461; Burgoa, Geog. Descrip., tom. ii., pt. ii., fol.
336; Cogolludo, Hist. de Yucathan, pp. 5-6, 11, 77;
Navarrete, Col. de Viages, tom. iii., pp. 58-59; Morelet,
Voyage, tom. i., p. 179.
[943] 'Tienen enfrente deste Pueblo vn cerro altissimo,
con vna punta que descuella soberviamente, casi entre
la Region de las nubes, y coronase con vna muy
dilatada muralla de lossas de mas de vn estado de
alto, y quentan de las pinturas de sus characteres
historiales, que se retiraban alli, para defenderse de
sus enemigos.' Burgoa, Geog. Descrip., tom. i., pt. ii.,
fol. 167. 'Començaron luego á tocar las bozinas, pitos,
trompetillas, y atabalejos de gente de guerra.' Herrera,
Hist. Gen., dec. ii., lib. ii., cap. xvii., and lib. iv., cap. xi.
Also see Cogolludo, Hist. de Yucathan, pp. 5, 77-8;
Navarrete, Col. de Viages, tom. iii., pp. 60-3; Helps'
Span. Conq., vol. ii., p. 263.
[944] Dampier's Voyages, vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 115;
Burgoa, Palestra Hist., pt. i., fol. 110; Brasseur de
Bourbourg, Voy. Tehuantepec, p. 196; Charnay, Ruines
Américaines, p. 454. 'Sobre vna estera si la tiene, que
son muy pocos los que duermen en alto, en tapescos
de caña ... ollas, ó hornillos de tierra ... casolones, ò
xicaras.' Burgoa, Geog. Descrip., tom. ii., pt. ii., fol.
294, 393.
[945] 'Los zoques cultivan ... dos plantas
pertenecientes á la familia de las bromelias, de las
cuales sacan el ixtle y la pita cuyas hebras saben
blanquear, hilar y teñir de varios colores. Sus hilados y
las hamacas que tejen con estas materias, constituyen
la parte principal de su industria y de su comercio'....
The Zapotecs, 'los tejidos de seda silvestre y de
algodon que labran las mugeres, son verdaderamente
admirables.' Moro, in Orozco y Berra, Geografía, pp.
170, 180. Of the Miztecs it is said that 'las mugeres se
han dado á texer con primor paños, y huepiles, assi de
algodon como de seda, y hilo de oro, muy costosos.'
Burgoa, Geog. Descrip., tom. i., pt. ii., fol. 143, and
tom. ii., pt. ii., fol. 400. Further reference in Barnard's
Tehuantepec, pp. 226-7; Chilton, in Hakluyt's Voy., vol.
iii., p. 459; Hutchings' Cal. Mag., vol. ii., p. 394;
Wappäus, Geog. u. Stat., p. 163; Waldeck, Voy. Pitt.,
p. 49; Gage's New Survey, p. 236; Mühlenpfordt,
Mejico, tom. ii., pt. i., pp. 198, 209.
[946] Herrera, Hist. Gen., dec. ii., lib. iii., cap. ii., lib.
iv., cap. xi.; Cogolludo, Hist. de Yucathan, p. 2;
Morelet, Voyage, tom. i., pp. 179, 214; Shufeldt's
Explor. Tehuantepec, p. 123. 'Their canoes are formed
out of the trunk of a single mahogany or cedar tree.'
Dale's Notes, p. 24. When Grijalva was at Cozumel
'vino una canoa.' Navarrete, Col. de Viages, tom. iii., p.
56. The Huaves 'no poseyendo embarcaciones propias
para arriesgarse en aguas de algun fondo, y
desconociendo hasta el uso de los remos, no
frecuentan mas que los puntos que por su poca
profundidad no ofrecen mayor peligro.' Moro, in Garay,
Reconocimiento, p. 90.
[947] Mill's Hist. Mex., p. 158; Palacios, in Orozco y
Berra, Geografía, p. 166; Hermesdorf, in Lond. Geog.
Soc., Jour., vol. xxxii., p. 547; Brasseur de Bourbourg,
Voy. Tehuantepec, p. 108; Hutchings' Cal. Mag., vol. ii.,
p. 394; Macgregor's Progress of America, vol. i., p.
849; Moro, in Garay, Reconocimiento, p. 93; Stephens'
Yucatan, vol. ii., p. 14.
[948] 'Les seigneurs de Cuicatlan étaient, au temps de
la conquête très-riches et très-puissants, et leurs
descendants en ligne directe, décorés encore du titre
de caciques.' Fossey, Mexique, pp. 338-9. At Etla
'Herren des Ortes waren Caziken, welche ihn als eine
Art von Mannlehen besassen, und dem Könige einen
gewissen Tribut bezahlen mussten.' Mühlenpfordt,
Mejico, tom. ii., pt. i., p. 188. The Miztecs 'tenian
señalados como pregoneros, officiales que elegian por
año, para que todas las mañanas al despuntar el Sol,
subidos en lo mas alto de la casa de su Republica, con
grandes vozes, llamasen, y exitasen á todos, diziendo
salid, salid á trabajar, á trabajar, y con rigor executivo
castigaban al que faltaba de su tarea.' Burgoa, Geog.
Descrip., tom. i., pt. ii., fol. 151, also Herrera, Hist.
Gen., dec. iv., lib. x., cap. xi.
[949] 'Estava sujeta á diuersos Señores, que como
Reyezuelos dominaban diuersos territorios ... pero
antes auia sido toda sujeta á vn Señor, y Rey
Supremo, y asi gouernada con gouierno Monarquico.'
Cogolludo, Hist. de Yucathan, p. 60. 'En cada pueblo
tenian señalados Capitanes a quienes obedecian.'
Herrera, Hist. Gen., dec. iv., lib. x., cap. ii.-iv. For old
customs and new, compare above with Morelet,
Voyage, tom. i., p. 168, and Hassel, Mex. Guat., p.
267.
[950] 'With other presents which they brought to the
conqueror were twenty female slaves.' Helps' Span.
Conq., vol. ii., p. 264.
[951] 'Vbo en esta juridicion grandes errores, y ritos
con las paridas, y niños recien nacidos, lleuandolos á
los rios, y sumergiendolos en el agua, hazian
deprecacion á todos los animales aquatiles, y luego á
los de tierra le fueran fauorables, y no le ofendieran.'
Burgoa, Geog. Descrip., tom. ii., pt. ii., fol. 329.
'Consérvase entre ellos la creencia de que su vida está
unida á la de un animal, y que es forzoso que mueran
ellos cuando éste muere.' Museo Mex., tom. ii., pp.
554-5. 'Between husband and wife cases of infidelity
are rare.... To the credit of the Indians be it also said,
that their progeny is legitimate, and that the vows of
marriage are as faithfully cherished as in the most
enlightened and favored lands. Youthful marriages are
nevertheless of frequent occurrence.' Barnard's
Tehuantepec, p. 222. Women of the Japateco race:
'their manners in regard to morals are most
blameable.' Hermesdorf, in Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour.,
vol. xxxii., p. 543. Moro, referring to the women of
Jaltipan, says: 'Son de costumbres sumamente libres:
suele decirse ademas que los jaltipanos no solo no las
celan, sino que llevan las ideas de hospitalidad á un
raro exceso.' Garay, Reconocimiento, p. 116; Ferry,
Costal L'Indien, pp. 6-7; Registro Yucateco, tom. i., p.
166.
[952] 'Iuntauanse en el Capul, que es vna casa del
comun, en cada barrio, para hazer casamientos, el
Cazique, el Papa, los desposados, los parientes:
estando sentados el señor, y el Papa, llegauan los
contrayentes, y el Papa les amonestaua que dixessen
las cosas que auian hecho hasta aquella hora.'
Herrera, Hist. Gen., dec. iv., lib. x., cap. xi.
[953] Dampier's Voyages, vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 114;
Herrera, Hist. Gen., dec. iv., lib. x., cap. iv.; Ternaux-
Compans, in Nouvelles Annales des Voy., 1843, tom.
xcvii., p. 50; Stephens' Yucatan, vol. ii., pp. 15-16;
Laet, Novus Orbis, p. 272; Dicc. Univ., tom. iv., p. 256;
Baeza, in Registro Yucateco, tom. i., p. 166.
[954] 'Their amusements are scarcely worthy of note
... their liveliest songs are sad, and their merriest
music melancholy.' Barnard's Tehuantepec, p. 222.
'Afectos á las bebidas embriagantes, conocen dos
particulares, el chorote, y el balché ó guarapo,
compuesto de agua, caña de azúcar, palo-guarapo y
maiz quemado.' Orozco y Berra, Geografía, p. 162. See
also: Fossey, Mexique, pp. 343, 364; Dampier's
Voyages, vol. ii., pt. ii., p. 115; Stephens' Yucatan, vol.
i., pp. 144-5; Charnay, Ruines Américaines, pp. 496-7.
[955] 'Provinciæ Guazacualco atque Ylutæ nec non et
Cueztxatlæ indiginæ, multas ceremonias Iudæorum
usurpabant, nam et circumcidebantur, more à
majoribus (ut ferebant) accepto, quod alibi in hisce
regionibus ab Hispanis hactenus non fuit observatum.'
Laet, Novus Orbis, p. 261. 'They appear to regard with
horror and avoid with superstitious fear all those
places reputed to contain remains or evidences of their
former religion.' Shufeldt's Explor. Tehuantepec, p.
125. See further: Museo Mex., tom. ii., pp. 554-5;
Charnay, Ruines Américaines, pp. 265, 286; Burgoa,
Geog. Descrip., tom. ii., pt. ii., fol. 281-2, 290, 313,
332, 335-6, 397; Id., Palestra Hist., fol. 110; Moro, in
Garay, Reconocimiento, pp. 90, 93; Dicc. Univ., tom.
iv., p. 257.
[956] Burgoa, Geog. Descrip., tom. ii., pt. ii., fol. 329;
Baeza, in Registro Yucateco, tom. i., p. 168; Morelet,
Voyage, tom. i., p. 313; Hermesdorf, in Lond. Geog.
Soc., Jour., vol. xxxii., p. 543. 'Ay en esta tierra mucha
diuersidad de yeruas medicinales, con que se curan los
naturales.' Herrera, Hist. Gen., dec. iii., lib. vii., cap. iii.
The Maya 'sabe las virtudes de todas las plantas como
si hubiese estudiado botánica, conoce los venenos, los
antídotos, y no se lo ocultan los calmantes.' Orozco y
Berra, Geografía, pp. 158, 162, 178.
[957] Ternaux-Compans, in Nouvelles Annales des
Voy., 1843, tom. xcvii., p. 51; Museo Mex., tom. ii., p.
554. 'En Tamiltepec, los indios usan de ceremonias
supersticiosas en sus sepulturas. Se les ve hacer en los
cementerios pequeños montones de tierra, en los que
mezclan víveres cada vez que entierran alguno de
ellos.' Berlandier y Thovel, Diario, p. 231.
[958] The Miztecs 'siempre de mayor reputacion, y
mas políticos.' Zapotecs 'naturalmente apazibles,
limpios, lucidos, y liberales.' Nexitzas 'astutos,
maliciosos, inclinados á robos, y desacatos, con otros
Cerranos supersticiosos, acostumbrados á aleuosias, y
hechizeros.' Burgoa, Geog. Descrip., tom. i., pt. ii., fol.
151, tom. ii., pt. ii., fol. 202, 312, also fol. 204, 211,
228, 271, 282, 294, 335, 400. Choles, 'nacion ... feroz,
guerrera é independiente.' Balbi, in Orozco y Berra,
Geografía, p. 167. 'Siendo los Indios Mixes de natural
feroz, barbaro, y duro, que quieren ser tratados con
aspereza, y rigor.' Dávila, Teatro Ecles., tom. i., p. 224.
See further: Burgoa, Palestra Hist., pt. i., fol. 101;
Orozco y Berra, Geografía, pp. 161-2, 186-7; Torres, in
Id., p. 179; Museo Mex., tom. ii., pp. 554-5; Tempsky's
Mitla, p. 269; Hermesdorf, in Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour.,
vol. xxxii., p. 543; Barnard's Tehuantepec, pp. 220-7;
Charnay, Ruines Américaines, pp. 258-9, 287; Oviedo,
Hist. Gen., tom. iii., p. 439; Mühlenpfordt, Mejico, tom.
ii., pt. i., p. 200; Dampier's Voyages, vol. ii., pt. ii., pp.
115-16; Dávila Padilla, Hist. Fund. Mex., p. 294; Laet,
Novus Orbis, p. 325.
[959] 'Es el indio yucateco un monstruoso conjunto de
religion é impiedad, de virtudes y vicios, de sagacidad
y estupidez ... tiene ideas exactas precisas de lo bueno
y de lo malo.... Es incapaz de robar un peso, y roba
cuatro veces dos reales.... Siendo honrado en casi
todas sus acciones ... se puede decir que el único vicie
que le domina es el de la embriaguez.' Registro
Yucateco, tom. i., pp. 291-3; Baeza, in Id., tom. i., pp.
166-8, 174; Morelet, Voyage, tom. i., p. 148; Herrera,
Hist. Gen., dec. iv., lib. x., cap. iv.; Mill's Hist. Mex., p.
158; Moro, in Garay, Reconocimiento, pp. 89-34;
Müller, Reisen, tom. ii., p. 371.
[960] The Lacandones are of one stock with the
Manches, and very numerous. They were highly
civilized only one hundred and fifty years ago. Boyle's
Ride, vol. i., preface, pp. 14-17. 'The old Chontals were
certainly in a condition more civilised.' Id., pp. 286-95,
265-70. 'Die Chontales werden auch Caraiben
genannt.' Wappäus, Geog. u. Stat., pp. 243-8, 265,
283-90, 311, 321, 326, 330, 335. It seems there
existed in Nicaragua: Chorotegans, comprising Dirians,
Nagrandans, and Orotiñans; Cholutecans and
Niquirans, Mexican colonies; and Chondals. Squier's
Nicaragua, vol. ii., pp. 309-12. Examine further: Müller,
Amerikanische Urreligionen, p. 454; Froebel, Aus
Amerika, tom. i., pp. 285-92; Puydt, Rapport, in
Amérique Centrale, p. 69; Benzoni, Hist. del Mondo
Nuovo, fol. 104; Malte-Brun, in Nouvelles Annales des
Voy., 1858, tom. clviii., p. 200; Berendt, in Smithsonian
Rept., 1867, p. 425; Crowe's Cent. Amer., p. 40;
Hassel, Mex. Guat., pp. 357-8, 370; Dollfus and Mont-
Serrat, Voy. Géologique, pp. 18-19; Morelet, Voyage,
tom. i., pp. 202, 208, 272, tom. ii., pp. 49, 125, 313;
Brasseur de Bourbourg, Hist. Nat. Civ., tom. ii., pp. 79,
110-11; Valois, Mexique, pp. 288, 299-300; Escobar, in
Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour., vol. xi., pp. 89-97.
[961] Crowe's Cent. Amer., pp. 40-1; Squier's
Nicaragua, pp. 268, 278-9; Froebel's Cent. Amer., pp.
33-4; Dunn's Guatemala, pp. 277-8; Reichardt,
Nicaragua, pp. 106-7; Montanus, Nieuwe Weereld, p.
272; Lafond, Voyages, tom. i., p. 338; Morelet,
Voyage, tom. i., p. 260, tom. ii., pp. 126, 197;
Andagoya, in Navarrete, Col. de Viages, tom. iii., p.
414; Belly, Nicaragua, tom. i., pp. 200-1; Scherzer,
Wanderungen, pp. 52-3; Foote's Cent. Amer., p. 104.
Round Leon 'hay más indios tuertos ... y es la causa el
contínuo polvo.' Oviedo, Hist. Gen., tom. iv., p. 64. In
Guatemala, 'los hombres muy gruessos.' Herrera, Hist.
Gen., dec. iii., lib. v., caps. xi., xii., dec. iv., lib. x., cap.
xiv. 'Ceux de la tierra fria sont petits, trapus, bien
membrés, susceptibles de grandes fatigues ... ceux de
la tierra caliente sont grands, maigres, paresseux.'
Dollfus and Mont-Serrat, Voy. Géologique, pp. 47, 21.
'Kurze Schenkel, langen Oberleib, kurze Stirne und
langes struppiges Haar.' Bülow, Nicaragua, p. 78. 'The
disproportionate size of the head, the coarse harsh
hair, and the dwarfish stature,' of the Masayas. Boyle's
Ride, vol. ii., pp. 8-9.
[962] Andagoya, in Navarrete, Col. de Viages, tom. iii.,
pp. 407, 414. In Salvador, the women's 'only garment
being a long straight piece of cotton cloth without a
seam.' Foote's Cent. Amer., pp. 103-4. The
Nicaraguans 'se rasent la barbe, les cheueux, et tout le
poil du corps, et ne laissent que quelques cheueux sur
le sommet de la teste.... Ils portent des gabans, et des
chemises sans manches.' D'Avity, L'Amérique, tom. ii.,
p. 93. 'The custom of tattooing, it seems, was
practiced to a certain extent, at least so far as to
designate, by peculiarities in the marks, the several
tribes or caziques ... they flattened their heads.'
Squier's Nicaragua, vol. ii., pp. 341, 345; Id.,
Nicaragua, pp. 273-4; Valenzuela, in Id., Cent. Amer.,
p. 566; Tempsky's Mitla, pp. 363-5, 368; Dollfus and
Mont-Serrat, Voy. Géologique, pp. 19-20, 46-9, 56-60;
Juarros' Hist. Guat., pp. 193-5; Hassel, Mex. Guat., pp.
302-5; Valois, Mexique, pp. 278-9; Gage's New Survey,
pp. 316-8; Montgomery's Guatemala, pp. 98-9;
Herrera, Hist. Gen., dec. iii., lib. iv., cap. vii.; Morelet,
Voyage, tom. ii., pp. 102, 126, 145, 171, 227, 245,
253; Galindo, in Nouvelles Annales des Voy., 1834,
tom. lxiii., p. 149; Orozco y Berra, Geografía, p. 166;
Gomara, Hist. Ind., fol. 263.
[963] The Lacandones have 'floating gardens which
can navigate the lagoons like bolsas,' and are often
inhabited. They have stone sepulchres highly
sculptured. Pontelli, in Cal. Farmer, Nov. 7, 1862. 'In
these ancient Chontales villages the houses were in
the centre, and the tombs, placed in a circle around....
The Indians who before the Spanish conquest
inhabited Nicaragua did not construct any large
temples or other stone buildings.' Pim and Seemann's
Dottings, pp. 126-7. They live like their forefathers 'in
buildings precisely similar ... some huts of a single
room will monopolise an acre of land.' Boyle's Ride,
vol. ii., pp. 6-8; Gage's New Survey, pp. 318-19;
Scherzer, Wanderungen, pp. 75, 430, 496; Puydt,
Rapport, in Amérique Centrale, pp. 69-70; Valois,
Mexique, p. 278; Benzoni, Hist. Mondo Nuovo, fol. 86,
102; Froebel's Cent. Amer., pp. 89, 96; Dollfus and
Mont-Serrat, Voy. Géologique, pp. 19, 55; Herrera,
Hist. Gen., dec. iii., lib. iv., cap. vii.; Berendt, in
Smithsonian Rept., 1867, p. 425; West und Ost
Indischer Lustgart, pt. ii., pp. 380, 390; Valenzuela, in
Squier's Cent. Amer., p. 566.
[964] They 'vivent le plus souvent de fruits et de
racines.' Dollfus and Mont-Serrat, Voy. Géologique, pp.
47, 20-2, 69. 'Tout en faisant maigre chère, ils
mangent et boivent continuellement, comme les
animaux.' Morelet, Voyage, tom. ii., pp. 104, 92, 102,
132, 134, 145, 240, tom. i., pp. 205-6. Nicaraguans
'essen auch Menschenfleisch ... alle Tag machet nur
ein Nachbar ein Fewer an, dabei sie alle kochen, vnd
dann ein anderer.' West und Ost Indischer Lustgart, pt.
i., p. 390. 'Perritos pequeños que tambien los comian,
y muchos venados y pesquerías.' Andagoya, in
Navarrete, Col. de Viages, tom. iii., pp. 413-14, 407.
Hunting alligators: a man dives under, and fastens a
noose round the leg of the sleeping monster; his
companions then haul it on shore and kill it. Sivers,
Mittelamerika, pp. 139, 130. Compare further:
Findlay's Directory, vol. i., p. 253; Gage's New Survey,
pp. 319-23; Scherzer, Wanderungen, pp. 412-13, 494;
Benzoni, Hist. Mondo Nuovo, fol. 103-4; Juarros' Hist.
Guat., pp. 196-7; Herrera, Hist. Gen., dec. iv., lib. viii.,
cap. vii.-ix., lib. x., cap. xiv.; Escobar, in Lond. Geog.
Soc., Jour., vol. xi., p. 91; Laet, Novus Orbis, p. 320;
Waldeck, Voy. Pitt., pp. 42-3.
[965] Dunlop's Cent. Amer., p. 337; Scherzer,
Wanderungen, p. 173.
[966] The Lacandones 'emploient des flèches de canne
ayant des têtes de cailloux.' Galindo, in Antiq. Mex.,
tom. i., div. ii., p. 67. See also, Bülow, Nicaragua, pp.
79-80; Hassel, Mex. Guat., p. 305; Juarros' Hist. Guat.,
pp. 195, 278; Scherzer, Wanderungen, pp. 413, 430;
Froebel, Aus Amerika, tom. i., p. 358.
[967] Morelet, Voyage, tom. ii., p. 31; Pontelli, in Cal.
Farmer, Nov. 7, 14, 1862.
[968] Valois, Mexique, pp. 278, 287; Sivers,
Mittelamerika, p. 130; Scherzer, Wanderungen, p. 430;
Montanus, Nieuwe Weereld, p. 279; Squier's
Nicaragua, pp. 272-3; Valenzuela, in Id., Cent. Amer.,
p. 567. The Lacandon hut contained 'des métiers à
tisser, des sarbacanes, des haches et d'autres outils en
silex.' Morelet, Voyage, tom. ii., pp. 79, 104, 197, 211.
'Duermen en vna red, que se les entra por las costillas,
o en vn cañizo, y por cabecera vn madero: ya se
alumbran con teas.' Herrera, Hist. Gen., dec. iv., lib. x.,
cap. xiv., dec. ii., lib. iii., cap. vi. At Masaya, 'Leur
mobilier se compose de nattes par terre, de hamacs
suspendus, d'un lit de cuir et d'une caisse en cèdre,
quelquefois ornée d'incrustations de cuivre.' Belly,
Nicaragua, tom. i., pp. 197-8.
[969] 'Le principe colorant est fixé an moyen d'une
substance grasse que l'on obtient par l'ébullition d'un
insecte nommé age.' Morelet, Voyage, tom. ii., pp.
130, 197. Consult further, Squier's Nicaragua, pp. 269-
73; Baily's Cent. Amer., pp. 124-5; Herrera, Hist. Gen.,
dec. iv., lib. viii., cap. vii., ix., lib. x., cap. xiv.; Crowe's
Cent. Amer., pp. 44; Squier, in Hist. Mag., vol. v., p.
215; Dollfus and Mont-Serrat, Voy. Géologique, p. 47;
Dunlop's Cent. Amer., p. 338; Montanus, Nieuwe
Weereld, p. 274.
[970] Pim and Seemann's Dottings, pp. 241-2; Lafond,
Voyages, tom. i., p. 317; Morelet, Voyage, tom. ii., p.
31; Dollfus and Mont-Serrat, Voy. Géologique, pp. 47-
8. In their trade, the Lacandones 'are said to have
employed not less than 424 canoes.' Juarros' Hist.
Guat., p. 271.
[971] The Quichés 'portent jusqu'au Nicaragua des
hamacs en fil d'agave.' Morelet, Voyage, tom. ii., pp.
145, 92, 130-1, 198, tom. i., pp. 260, 318, 320; Dollfus
and Mont-Serrat, Voy. Géologique, pp. 18, 60; Herrera,
Hist. Gen., dec. iii., lib. v., cap. xii.; Juarros' Hist. Guat.,
pp. 68, 271, 475; Wappäus, Geog. u. Stat., pp. 248,
345; Laet, Novus Orbis, p. 319; Hardcastle, in Hist.
Mag., vol. vi., p. 153; Gage's New Survey, p. 319.
[972] Among the Nahuatls 'mechanical arts are little
understood, and, of course, the fine arts still less
practiced.' Squier's Cent. Amer., p. 320; Id., Nicaragua,
pp. 270-3. The Masayans have 'une caisse en cèdre,
quelquefois ornée d'incrustations de cuivre.' Belly,
Nicaragua, pp. 197-8. See also, Morelet, Voyage, tom.
ii., p. 130; Puydt, Rapport, in Amérique Centrale, p.
134; Gage's New Survey, p. 329; Valois, Mexique, pp.
287, 420-6; Sivers, Mittelamerika, pp. 127, 295;
Funnell's Voy., p. 113; Dunn's Guatemala, p. 281;
Pontelli, in Cal. Farmer, Nov. 7, 1862.
[973] Dollfus and Mont-Serrat, Voy. Géologique, pp.
20, 49-51; Puydt, Rapport, in Amérique Centrale, p.
134; Hassel, Mex. Guat., p. 398; Gage's New Survey,
pp. 318-9, 417; Pontelli, in Cal. Farmer, Nov. 7, 1862.
'Chacun d'eux vint ensuite baiser la main du chef,
hommage qu'il reçut avec une dignité imperturbable.'
Morelet, Voyage, tom. ii., pp. 245-6, 134.
[974] 'Leur dernier-né suspendu à leurs flancs.'
Morelet, Voyage, tom. ii., pp. 198, 126, tom. i., pp.
204-5, 318. In Salvador, the 'bridegroom makes his
wife's trousseau himself, the women, strange to say,
being entirely ignorant of needlework.' Foote's Cent.
Amer., p. 103. Further reference in Valois, Mexique,
pp. 280, 288; Belly, Nicaragua, pp. 200-1, 253; Hassel,
Mex. Guat., pp. 303-4; Revue Brit., 1825, in Amérique
Centrale, p. 23; Bülow, Nicaragua, p. 80; Montanus,
Nieuwe Weereld, p. 272; Gage's New Survey, p. 319;
Juarros' Hist. Guat., pp. 195-6; Tempsky's Mitla, p.
365; Dollfus and Mont-Serrat, Voy. Géologique, pp. 20,
47; Scherzer, Wanderungen, p. 66; Id., Die Indianer
von Istlávacan, p. 11.
[975] Gage's New Survey, pp. 323, 347-50; Andagoya,
in Navarrete, Col. de Viages, tom. iii., p. 415; Valois,
Mexique, pp. 279-80, 420-6; Dollfus and Mont-Serrat,
Voy. Géologique, p. 48; Froebel's Cent. Amer., pp. 78-
81; Dapper, Neue Welt, pp. 306, 312; Valenzuela, in
Squier's Cent. Amer., p. 567; Juarros' Hist. Guat., pp.
447-9; Coreal, Voyages, tom. i., pp. 88-9; Arricivita,
Crónica Seráfica, p. 34; Laet, Novus Orbis, p. 320-2;
Pontelli, in Cal. Farmer, Nov. 14, 1862. 'Les Indiens ne
fument pas.' Belly, Nicaragua, p. 164. 'Ihr
gewöhnliches Getränke ist Wasser.' Hassel, Mex. Guat.,
p. 304. 'Je n'ai entendu qu'à Flores, pendant le cours
de mon voyage, des chœurs exécutés avec justesse.'
Morelet, Voyage, tom. ii., pp. 42-4, 325, tom. i., p.
196.
[976] The Lacandon chief received me with 'the
emblem of friendship (which is a leaf of the fan-palm).'
Pontelli, in Cal. Farmer, Nov. 14, 1862. See Tempsky's
Mitla, pp. 364-5; Valois, Mexique, pp. 407-8; Escobar,
in Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour., vol. xi., p. 91; Thümmel,
Mexiko, p. 394; Juarros' Hist. Guat., p. 197; Foote's
Cent. Amer., p. 122; Dollfus and Mont-Serrat, Voy.
Géologique, pp. 48-9; Scherzer, Die Indianer von
Istlávacan, pp. 7-15; Reichardt, Nicaragua, pp. 106,
234; Valenzuela, in Squier's Cent. Amer., pp. 566-7;
Morelet, Voyage, tom. i., p. 206, tom. ii., pp. 58, 101-
2, 104, 197; Boyle's Ride, vol. i., pp. 293-4, vol. ii., pp.
11-12, 48.
[977] At Masaya, 'The death-rate among children is
said to be excessive.' Boyle's Ride, vol. ii., p. 10. 'Alle
Glieder der Familie hatten ein äusserst ungesundes
Aussehen und namentlich die Kinder, im Gesicht bleich
und mager, hatten dicke, aufgeschwollene Bäuche,'
caused by yucca-roots. Scherzer, Wanderungen, pp.
494, 173-4; Morelet, Voyage, tom. ii., pp. 109-10, 152;
Gage's New Survey, p. 318; Puydt, Rapport, in
Amérique Centrale, p. 49; Froebel, Aus Amerika, tom.
i., pp. 345-6; Hassel, Mex. Guat., pp. 302, 398;
Escobar, in Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour., vol. xi., p. 91;
Scherzer, Die Indianer von Istlávacan, pp. 10-11.
[978] Scherzer, Die Indianer von Istlávacan, pp. 11-
12; Morelet, Voyage, tom. ii., p. 63; Valois, Mexique, p.
408.
[979] 'La somme des peines est donc limitée comme
celle des jouissances; ils ne ressentent ni les unes ni
les autres avec beaucoup de vivacité.' Morelet, Voyage,
tom. i., pp. 205-7, 196, tom. ii., pp. 104, 132, 198,
200, 253. 'When aroused, however, they are fierce,
cruel, and implacable ... shrewd ... cringing servility
and low cunning ... extreme teachableness.' Crowe's
Cent. Amer., pp. 42-3. 'Melancholy ... silent ...
pusillanimous ... timid.' Dunn's Guatemala, p. 278.
'Imperturbability of the North American Indian, but are
a gentler and less warlike race.' Foote's Cent. Amer.,
pp. 104-5. Nicaraguans 'are singularly docile and
industrious ... not warlike but brave.' Squier's
Nicaragua, p. 268. For further reference concerning
these people see Squier's Cent. Amer., p. 555; Bülow,
Nicaragua, pp. 79-81; Juarros' Hist. Guat., pp. 197-8;
Belly, Nicaragua, pp. 109, 160; Puydt, Rapport, in
Amérique Centrale, pp. 70, 135-6; T' Kint, in Id., pp.
157-8; Fossey, Mexique, p. 471; Boyle's Ride, vol. i.,
pref., p. xiv., and p. 75; Gage's New Survey, pp. 311-
12, 333; Valois, Mexique, pp. 238-9, 277, 288, 299,
430; Dollfus and Mont-Serrat, Voy. Géologique, pp. 47-
9, 69; Oviedo, Hist. Gen., tom. iv., p. 35; Herrera, Hist.
Gen., dec. iii., lib. iv., cap. vii.; Scherzer,
Wanderungen, pp. 53, 61, 455, 464-5; Dunlop's Cent.
Amer., pp. 211, 337-8. The Lacandones are very
laconic, sober, temperate and strict. Pontelli, in Cal.
Farmer, Nov. 7, 1862.
[980] The name Mosquito is generally supposed to
have arisen from the numerous mosquito insects to be
found in the country; others think that the small
islands off the coast, "which lie as thick as
mosquitoes," may have caused the appellation; while a
third opinion is that the name is a corruption of an
aboriginal term, and to substantiate this opinion it is
said that the natives call themselves distinctly
Misskitos. Mosquitoland, Bericht, pp. 134, 19-23. The
Carib name is pronounced "Kharibees" on the coast.
Macgregor's Progress of America, vol. i., pp. 770, 775.
'Il existe chez eux des langues très différentes, et nous
avons remarqué qu'à cent lieues de distance ils ne se
comprennent plus les uns les autres.' Varnhagen,
Prem. Voy. de Amerigo Vespucci, p. 40. See further:
Stout's Nicaragua, p. 113; Squier's Nicaragua, vol. ii.,
p. 308; Id., Cent. Amer., pp. 241, 244-7; 252-3;
Bülow, Nicaragua, p. 77; Juarros' Hist. Guat., p. 346;
Galindo, in Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour., vol. iii., p. 290;
Bell, in Id., vol. xxxii., pp. 258-9; Bard's Waikna, pp.
123, 201-2, 243; Pim and Seemann's Dottings, pp.
395-6; Young's Narrative, pp. 36, 86; Wappäus, Geog.
u. Stat., pp. 243-7, 303, 347-50; Henderson's
Honduras, p. 216; Boyle's Ride, vol. i., pp. xii-xiii., 269,
287; Sivers, Mittelamerika, pp. 179-80, 287-8.
[981] 'Die Backenknochen treten nicht, wie bei andern
amerikanischen Stämmen, auffallend hervor ... starke
Oberlippe.' Mosquitoland, Bericht, pp. 134-6, 59, 70,
151. Consult also: Squier's Cent. Amer., pp. 230, 251,
597-8; Hassel, Mex. Guat., pp. 388-9; Froebel, Aus
Amerika, tom. i., pp. 397-8; Varnhagen, Prem. Voy. de
Amerigo Vespucci, pp. 40-1. The pure type has
'schlichte, gröbere, schwarze Haare und feinere
Lippen.' Sivers, Mittelamerika, pp. 74, 177, 180, 287-8;
Young's Narrative, pp. 26, 28-9, 72, 75, 79, 82, 87,
123; Uring's Hist. Voy., p. 226; Bell, in Lond. Geog.
Soc., Jour., vol. xxxii., pp. 256-9; Pim and Seemann's
Dottings, pp. 248, 305, 403; Colon, Hist. Almirante, in
Barcia, Historiadores, tom. i., p. 104; Bard's Waikna,
pp. 127, 298, 317; Strangeways' Mosquito Shore, p.
329. The natives of Corn island are 'of a dark copper-
colour, black Hair, full round Faces, small black Eyes,
their Eye-brows hanging over their Eyes, low
Foreheads, short thick Noses, not high, but flattish; full
Lips, and short Chins.' Dampier's Voyages, vol. i., pp.
31-2, 7-8.
[982] Herrera, Hist. Gen., dec. iv., lib. i., cap. vi., lib.
viii., cap. iii., v.; Esquemelin, Zee-Roovers, pp. 150-1;
Squier, in Harper's Mag., vol. xix., p. 614; Id., in
Nouvelles Annales des Voy., 1858, tom. clx., p. 134;
Martin's Brit. Col., vol. ii., p. 412; Pim and Seemann's
Dottings, pp. 248-50, 280, 308, 403, 415; Macgregor's
Progress of Amer., vol. i., p. 772; Dampier's Voyages,
vol. i., pp. 11, 32; Bard's Waikna, pp. 127, 253-6, 298;
Mosquitoland, Bericht, pp. 116-17, 136-7; Bell, in
Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour., vol. xxxii., pp. 256-60; Young's
Narrative, pp. 12, 26, 29, 32, 72, 77, 83, 122, 133.
'Alcuni vsano certe camiciuole com'quelle, che vsiamo
noi, lunghe sino al belico, e senza manche. Portano le
braccia, e il corpo lauorati di lauori moreschi, fatti col
fuoco.' Colombo, Hist. del Ammiraglio, pp. 403-5.
[983] Strangeways' Mosquito Shore, p. 334; Froebel's
Cent. Amer., p. 185; Squier's Cent. Amer., p. 660; Id.,
in Harper's Mag., vol. xix., p. 613; Id., in Nouvelles
Annales des Voy., 1858, tom. clx., p. 134; Young's
Narrative, pp. 13, 77, 98-9, 125; Pim and Seemann's
Dottings, pp. 279, 295, 415-6; Bell, in Lond. Geog.
Soc., Jour., vol. xxxii., pp. 258-9; Bard's Waikna, pp.
293-4, 318-9; Mosquitoland, Bericht, pp. 20, 137-9;
Sivers, Mittelamerika, pp. 167, 178; Cockburn's
Journey, pp. 23, 55-7.
[984] Herrera, Hist. Gen., dec. iv., lib. viii., cap. iii.-v.;
Macgregor's Progress of Amer., vol. i., pp. 774-5;
Squier, in Harper's Mag., vol. xix., p. 613; Young's
Narrative, pp. 14, 18, 21, 61, 74-7, 96, 98, 106; Bard's
Waikna, pp. 100-11, 132-6, 297-303, 320; Sivers,
Mittelamerika, pp. 75-6, 87, 168-74. The Woolwas had
fish 'which had been shot with arrows.' Pim and
Seemann's Dottings, pp. 403, 248-50, 300-1, 407, 412-
13; Dampier's Voyages, vol. i., pp. 9-13, 35-7.
[985] Boyle's Ride, vol. i., pref., p. 18; Young's
Narrative, pp. 76, 99, 133; Torquemada, Monarq. Ind.,
tom. i., p. 335.
[986] Of the people of Las Perlas islands it is said;
'Aen't endt van haer geweer een hay-tandt, schieten
met geen boogh.' Esquemelin, Zee-Roovers, pp. 71,
150. Also see: Colon, Hist. Almirante, in Barcia,
Historiadores, tom. i., p. 105; Herrera, Hist. Gen., dec.
iii., lib. ix., cap. x., and dec. iv., lib. viii., cap. iii.;
Dampier's Voyages, vol. i., pp. 7-8; Bard's Waikna, pp.
120, 128.
[987] Herrera, Hist. Gen., dec. iv., lib. viii., cap. iii.;
Esquemelin, Zee-Roovers, p. 153; Dampier's Voyages,
vol. i., p. 8; Delaporte, Reisen, tom. x., p. 406;
Strangeways' Mosquito Shore, p. 331.
[988] 'Hammocks, made of a Sort of Rushes.'
Cockburn's Journey, pp. 64, 23. 'El almohada vn palo,
o vna piedra: los cofres son cestillos, aforrados en
cueros de venados.' Herrera, Hist. Gen., dec. iv., lib.
viii., cap. v. Consult also: Young's Narrative, pp. 76-7;
Dampier's Voyages, vol. i., p. 85; Squier's Cent. Amer.,
p. 660; Mosquitoland, Bericht, pp. 100, 116, 123, 138,
173.
[989] Sivers, Mittelamerika, p. 167; Bard's Waikna, pp.
127, 298-9. 'Auf irgend eine Zubereitung (of skins)
verstehen sich die Indianer nicht.' Mosquitoland,
Bericht, pp. 190, 148. 'They make large Jars here, one
of which will hold ten Gallons, and not weigh one
Pound.' Cockburn's Journey, p. 83.
[990] Young's Narrative, pp. 11, 19, 76, 160-1;
Martin's West Indies, vol. i., pp. 155-6; Dampier's
Voyages, vol. i., pp. 35, 85. 'Der Tuberose tree der
Engländer liefert die stärksten Baumstämme, deren die
Indianer sich zur Anfertigung ihrer grössten
Wasserfahrzeuge bedienen.' Mosquitoland, Bericht, pp.
116, 70, 147.
[991] The Mosquitos have 'little trade except in
tortoise-shells and sarsaparilla.' Squier's Cent. Amer.,
p. 659. Compare Bard's Waikna, p. 317; Bell, in Lond.
Geog. Soc., Jour., vol. xxxii., p. 252; Strangeways'
Mosquito Shore, p. 337; Young's Narrative, pp. 16, 82,
86-7, 91, 126; Herrera, Hist. Gen., dec. iv., lib. viii.,
cap. iii., v.; Mosquitoland, Bericht, pp. 148, 171-4, 190.
[992] The Mosquitos 'divisaient l'année en 18 mois de
20 jours, et ils appellaient les mois Ioalar.' Malte-Brun,
Précis de la Géog., tom. vi., p. 472. 'Dit konense
reeckenen by de Maen, daer van sy vyftien voor een
jaer reeckenen.' Esquemelin, Zee-Roovers, p. 152. 'Für
die Berechnung der Jahre existirt keine Aera. Daher
weiss Niemand sein Alter.' Mosquitoland, Bericht, pp.
142, 267-8. See also Bard's Waikna, pp. 244-5;
Young's Narrative, p. 76; Herrera, Hist. Gen., dec. iv.,
lib. viii., cap. vi.
[993] Bard's Waikna, pp. 292-3; Cockburn's Journey,
p. 37; Gomara, Hist. Ind., fol. 63. The natives of
Honduras had 'pedaços de Tierra, llamada Calcide, con
la qual se funde el Metal.' Colon, Hist. Almirante, in
Barcia, Historiadores, tom. i., p. 104.
[994] Herrera, Hist. Gen., dec. iv., lib. viii., cap. v.;
Cockburn's Journey, p. 45; Dampier's Voyages, vol. i.,
pp. 10-11; Esquemelin, Zee-Roovers, p. 150;
Delaporte, Reisen, tom. x., p. 406; Froebel's Cent.
Amer., p. 184; Crowe's Cent. Amer., p. 49; Winterfeldt,
Mosquito-Staat, p. 22; Bard's Waikna, pp. 231, 297-8;
Bell, in Lond. Geog. Soc., Jour., pp. 258-9; Squier, in
Harper's Mag., vol. xix., p. 614; Id., in Nouvelles
Annales des Voy., 1858, tom. clx., p. 134; Young's
Narrative, pp. 71, 98; Mosquitoland, Bericht, pp. 171-
2. 'Sie stehen unter eignen Kaziken, die ihre Anführer
im Kriege machen und welchen sie unbedingt
gehorchen.' Poyas, 'Ihre Regierungsform ist
aristokratisch.' Hassel, Mex. Guat., pp. 388, 390.
Mosquito 'conjurers are in fact the priests, the lawyers
and the judges ... the king is a despotic monarch.'
Bonnycastle's Span. Amer., vol. i., p. 174.
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