SmashingConf SF: Unlocking the Power of CSS Grid Layout
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UNLOCKING THE POWER OF CSS GRID LAYOUT Once you have grasped the basics of CSS Grid, you quickly discover how it enables many existing design patterns in a streamlined, elegant way. However, we shouldn’t see Grid in isolation. Understanding how other parts of CSS work together with Grid is key, in order to get the most out of our new abilities. In this talk Rachel will be concentrating on a couple of these areas, CSS Box Alignment and CSS Sizing. Rachel will show you practical ways in which a little bit of knowledge in these areas can unlock the full potential of the Grid Specification. You’ll learn how to create useful components and to start thinking of ways in which you can solve design and interface problems in more creative ways.
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SmashingConf SF: Unlocking the Power of CSS Grid Layout
- 1. @rachelandrew Smashing Conference, San Francisco 2018 Unlocking the Power of CSS Grid Layout
- 3. How big is that box?
- 8. How big is a grid?
- 10. –11.1 Grid Sizing Algorithm “Each track has specified minimum and maximum sizing functions (which may be the same).” https://drafts.csswg.org/css-grid-1/#layout-algorithm
- 11. ❖ Fixed sizing: lengths such as px or em, or a resolvable percentage ❖ An intrinsic sizing function auto, min-content, max-content, fit-content ❖ A flexible sizing function The fr unit https://drafts.csswg.org/css-grid-1/#layout-algorithm
- 12. Intrinsic Sizing auto Default size of grid tracks. Tracks sized auto will stretch to take up space in the grid container.
- 14. Intrinsic Sizing: auto The auto-sized track will stretch in the inline direction. Use justify-content: start to override the stretching behaviour. .grid { display: grid; grid-gap: 10px; grid-template-columns: min-content max-content fit-content(10ch) auto; justify-content: start; } https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/ppYPZR
- 15. Intrinsic Sizing min-content The smallest size the item can be, taking advantage of all soft-wrapping opportunities.
- 16. Intrinsic Sizing: min-content Grid tracks sized with min-content will become as small as they can without causing overflows. .grid { display: grid; grid-gap: 10px; grid-template-columns: min-content min-content min-content; } https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/VyOpXj
- 17. https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/VyOpXj The word ‘columns’ is defining the size of track 1. This item has a width which defines the size of track 2 A 100px image defines the size of track 3
- 18. Intrinsic Sizing max-content The largest size the track can be, no soft- wrapping will occur. Overflows may happen.
- 19. Intrinsic Sizing: max-content Grid tracks sized with max-content will become as large as needed, and may overflow the grid container. .grid { display: grid; grid-gap: 10px; grid-template-columns: max-content max-content max-content; } https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/xpNdxV
- 20. https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/xpNdxV Tracks 1 and 2 need to be wide enough to fit the unwrapped text. A 100px image defines the size of track 3
- 21. Intrinsic Sizing fit-content Act like max-content until it reaches the passed in value.
- 22. Intrinsic Sizing: fit-content Grid tracks sized with fit-content will act like max-content until they hit the limit given. .grid { display: grid; grid-gap: 10px; grid-template-columns: fit-content(10em) fit-content(10em) fit-content(15ch); } https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/Mrdobm
- 23. https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/Mrdobm Track 3 is fit-content(15ch) Columns 1 and 2 are both fit-content(10em). Track 1 wraps at 10em. Track 2 is max-content.
- 24. Flexible lengths Sizing with fr units The fr unit describes a flexible length
- 25. Flexible lengths The fr unit is a <flex> unit and represents a portion of the available space in the Grid Container. .grid { display: grid; grid-gap: 10px; grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr 1fr; } https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/QaXvPe
- 27. Minimum & Maximum sizing functions
- 28. minmax()
- 29. Minimum Sizing Function The minimum size for these two tracks is 100px, and 10em. .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(100px, auto) minmax(10em, 20em); }
- 30. Minimum Sizing Function The minimum size of these two tracks is auto. .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 10fr fit-content(10em); }
- 31. Minimum Sizing Function The minimum size of the first track is 100px, the second track is 50px (10% of 500). .grid { width: 500px; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 100px 10%; }
- 32. Maximum Sizing Function The maximum size for these two tracks is 400px, and 20em. .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(100px, 400px) minmax(10em, 20em); }
- 33. Maximum Sizing Function The maximum size for the first track is max-content. For the second track the maximum is 10em. .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: auto fit-content(10em); }
- 35. https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/goNRVp 200px 200px 200px 620px Auto sized row expands to make room for content
- 36. https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/BJgdKL Auto sized row expands to make room for content 1fr 1fr 1fr
- 37. What is a fr unit anyway? A track sized with 1fr, is actually sized minmax(auto, 1fr). The minimum size is auto. .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; }
- 39. What is a fr unit anyway? Make the minimum size 0, to force three equal width columns - even if that means overflows. .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr) minmax(0,1fr); }
- 41. 1fr 1fr 1fr
- 42. As many flexible columns as will fit Use auto-fill or auto-fit along with repeat and minmax, to create as many flexible columns with a minimum size as will fit into the container. .grid { display: grid; grid-gap: 10px; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(200px, 1fr)); grid-auto-rows: 100px; } https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/WdVjdg
- 45. Dense Packing Mode Using the value dense for grid-auto-flow will cause items to be displayed out of document order. .grid { display: grid; grid-gap: 10px; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(200px, 1fr)); grid-auto-rows: 100px; grid-auto-flow: dense; } https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/ZvgKNY
- 47. Upside down and back to front
- 48. The grid-area property Order of the lines: • grid-row-start • grid-column-start • grid-row-end • grid-column-end .item { grid-area: 1 / 2 / 3 / 4; }
- 49. Logical Properties and Writing Modes
- 50. Inline dimension or axis Horizontal Writing Mode Block dimension or axis
- 51. Block dimension or axis Vertical Writing Mode Inline dimension or axis
- 52. Inline axis Block axis Grid Layout in Horizontal Writing Mode
- 53. flex-direction: row Main axis Cross axis flex-direction: column Cross axis Main axis Flex Layout in Horizontal Writing Mode
- 54. Horizontal LR
- 55. Horizontal LR grid-row-start: 1 grid-row-end: 3 grid-column-start:1 grid-area: 1 / 1 / 3 / 3; grid-column-end:3
- 56. Horizontal RL grid-row-start: 1 grid-row-end: 3 grid-column-start:1 grid-area: 1 / 1 / 3 / 3; grid-column-end:3
- 57. Vertical LR grid-column-start: 1 grid-column-end: 3 grid-row-end:3 grid-area: 1 / 1 / 3 / 3; grid-row-start:1
- 58. The Firefox Grid Inspector
- 59. Alignment and the Grid
- 60. ❖ Align the tracks: this requires extra space in the grid container ❖ Align the items move content around inside the area it has been placed into
- 62. Aligning tracks The tracks created on this grid do not fill the width and height defined on the grid container. .grid { display: grid; width: 800px; height: 500px; grid-gap: 10px; grid-template-columns: 200px 200px 200px; grid-template-rows: 150px 150px; } https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/RMMqLd
- 64. align-content and justify-content Aligning tracks What should I do with free space in the Grid Container?
- 65. ❖ align-content align tracks in the Block Dimension ❖ justify-content align tracks in the Inline Dimension
- 68. Keyword values ❖ space-between ❖ space-around ❖ space-evenly .grid { display: grid; width: 800px; height: 500px; grid-gap: 10px; grid-template-columns: 200px 200px 200px; grid-template-rows: 150px 150px; justify-content: space-between; align-content: space-around; }
- 69. justify-content: space-between Inline axis align-content: space-around Block axis
- 71. https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/QmmzYx justify-content: space-between Inline axis align-content: space-around Block axis
- 72. https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/wmmNaj justify-content: end Inline axis align-content: center Block axis
- 73. Writing Modes Once again the grid works the same way whichever way up it is. .grid { display: grid; inline-size: 800px; block-size: 500px; grid-gap: 10px; grid-template-columns: 200px 200px 200px; grid-template-rows: 150px 150px; justify-content: end; align-content: center; writing-mode: vertical-lr; } https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/wmmNaj
- 75. align-items and justify-items Aligning items Setting the align-self and justify-self values of individual Grid Items.
- 76. ❖ align-items / align-self set alignment of items in the Block Dimension ❖ justify-items / justify-self set alignment of items in the Inline Dimension
- 81. align-self and justify-self Target individual items to set alignment. .grid { display: grid; width: 800px; height: 500px; grid-gap: 10px; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr; grid-template-rows: 1fr 1fr; align-items: start; justify-items: end; } .grid img { align-self: stretch; justify-self: stretch; }
- 83. Please stop asking me this question. “Where is my magic Grid Polyfill?”
- 85. To polyfill grid is to force expensive JavaScript onto the slowest browsers and devices.
- 86. New CSS can help you create better experiences in browsers that don’t support new CSS.
- 87. A 12 column layout This is all you need. No framework required. .grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(12, 1fr); grid-auto-rows: 100px; grid-gap: 20px; } .four-cols { grid-column: auto / span 4; } .three-cols { grid-column: auto / span 3; } .six-cols { grid-column: auto / span 6; }
- 88. New CSS knows about old CSS
- 89. ❖ Media Queries: tailor your design according to features of the device ❖ Feature Queries: tailor your design to the support in the browser
- 91. Adding a vertical centre line either side of the text Using generated content to add a border. header h1 { text-align: center; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr; grid-gap: 20px; } header h1:before, header h1:after { content: ""; align-self: center; border-top: 1px solid rgba(37,46,63,.5); } https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/aqbdOy
- 93. Feature Queries Test for a CSS feature, and apply the CSS if it exists in that browser. header h1 { text-align: center; display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto 1fr; grid-gap: 20px; } @supports (display: grid) { header h1:before, header h1:after { content: ""; align-self: center; border-top: 1px solid rgba(37,46,63,.5); } } https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/aqbdOy
- 95. Creating circles from squares Use border-radius Don’t forget that old CSS still exists! header img { border-radius: 50%; margin: 0 auto 2em auto; } https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/aqbdOy
- 96. CSS Shapes Floating the image and curving the text round once the screen is wide enough to do so. header img { border-radius: 50%; margin: 0 auto 2em auto; } @media (min-width: 30em) { header img { float: left; shape-outside: margin-box; margin: 0 20px 0 0; } } https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/aqbdOy
- 100. Multi-column layout Well supported, responsive by default. section { column-width: 15em; } https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/aqbdOy
- 101. Vertical Media Queries Do we have enough height to show the columns without vertical scrolling? @media (min-height: 500px) { section { column-width: 15em; } } https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/aqbdOy
- 103. Creating columns of cards Matching the minimum grid width, and the gap to the multi- column width and column-gap. .resources { max-width: 60em; } .resources { margin: 1em auto; padding: 0; list-style: none; display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(15em,1fr)); grid-gap: 1em; } .resources li.image { grid-row: auto / span 2; } https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/aqbdOy
- 105. Using in-line: block as a fallback We only need to over-ride the width and margin in a Feature Query. @media (min-width: 40em) { .resources li { display: inline-block; width: 47%; margin: 0 1% 1em 1%; vertical-align: top; } } @supports (display: grid) { .resources li { width: auto; margin: 0; } } https://codepen.io/rachelandrew/pen/aqbdOy
- 107. Using multi-column layout as a fallback We don’t need to override the column-* properties. They are ignored once we are in grid layout. @media (min-width: 40em) { .resources { column-width: 15em; } .resources li { break-inside: avoid; } }
- 109. We can achieve a lot with a little CSS.
- 110. Before worrying if a technique performs well, ask yourself if you need it at all.
- 111. Reframe the browser support conversation.
- 112. We have the tools to provide great experiences for everyone.