SHS | MODULE 1 1

FOREWORD

“All parts should go together without forcing. You must remember that the parts you are reassembling were
disassembled by you. Therefore, if you can’t get them together again, there must be a reason. By all means,
do not use a hammer.”
— IBM Manual, 1925

This module is intended for academic purposes only and for exclusive use of students, parents,
and facilitators of the Dominican College of Tarlac-Senior High School Department

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS PAGE NO.

Chapter 1: Exploring the Electronics Industry
CSS in the Electronics Industry
OHS Policies and Procedures
Applying Quality Standards

Chapter 2: Understanding Basic Computer Concepts

Understanding the Computer
Basic Hardware Components of Computer Systems
Hand Tools and Equipment

Chapter 3: Performing Computer Hardware Services

Disassembling a Computer
Assembling a Computer
Installing I/O Devices

Chapter 4: Performing Computer Software Services

Create portable boot devices
Customize installers
Installing Operating Systems
Installing Device Drivers
Installing Software
Conducting Tests

***END OF MODULE 1***

SUBJECT DETAILS

Subject Classification : Specialized

Subject Title : Computer System Servicing NC II

Pre-requisite : None

Semester : First Semester, A.Y. 2021-2022

Grade Level : Grade 12

Course Description : This is an introductory course that leads to a Computer Systems Servicing National
Certificate Level II (NC II). It covers four (4) core competencies, namely, 1) installing and
configuring computer systems, 2.) setting up computer networks, 3) setting up computer
servers, and 4) maintaining and repairing computer systems and networks.

No. of hours/semester: 80 hours (4.5 hours online; 4.5 hours modular/week)

No. of Units : 9 units

Facilitators : Charlie H. Tullao

E-mail address : charlie.tullao@dct.edu.ph

Quarter : 1st (August-Mid October)

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WEEK MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES TOPICS

• Identify the relevance of CSS in today's society. Chapter 1: Exploring the

• Differentiate the possible careers after achieving the Electronics Industry
CSS Qualification.
• Enumerate the different Occupational Health and • CSS in the Electronics
Safety Procedures and Policies. Industry
1
• Describe the different hazards that you may encounter • OHS Policies and
in the industry. Procedures
• Enumerate the different forms in assessing the quality • Applying Quality
of materials. Standards

• Differentiate the different types of computers. Chapter 2: Understanding Basic

Computer Concepts
• Enumerate the three fundamental elements of a
computer. • Understanding the
• Identify the different storage, processing, and Input Computer
2
/Output devices of a computer. • Basic Hardware
• Describe each of the components of the system unit. Components of
• Differentiate the hand tools and equipment used in Computer Systems
computer servicing. • Hand Tools and
Equipment

Chapter 3: Performing
• Disassemble a computer system.
Computer Hardware Services
• Document specifications and information on hardware.
• Assemble a computer system
3 • Disassembling a
• Install Input/output devices Computer
• Assembling a Computer
• Installing I/O Devices

Chapter 4: Performing
Computer Software Services
• Create portable boot devices
• Create portable boot
• Customize installers
devices
• Install operating systems
4 • Customize installers
• Install application software
• Installing Operating
• Conduct testing and documentation Systems
• Installing Device Drivers
• Installing Software
• Conducting Tests

***END OF MODULE 1***

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SUBJECT GRADING

PERCENTAGE PERCENTAGE
COMPONENTS
(Academic Tracks) (TVL Tracks)

WRITTEN WORKS
▪ Quizzes
▪ Assignments 50% 30%
▪ Long Quiz (Periodical Exam)
▪ Chapter Submissions

PERFORMANCE TASKS
▪ Online Class Participation 70%
50%
▪ Group Activities
▪ Peer Evaluation

TOTAL 100% 100%

CHAPTER 1 Exploring the Electronics Industry

Lesson Objectives:

At the end of this lesson, learners will be able to:

• Identify the relevance of CSS in today's society.

• Differentiate the possible careers after achieving the CSS Qualification.
• Enumerate the different Occupational Health and Safety Procedures and Policies.
• Describe the different hazards that you may encounter in the industry.
• Enumerate the different forms in assessing the quality of materials.

INTRODUCTION

Exploring the Electronics Industry

CSS in the Electronics Industry

As many of today's basic functions are being simplified by technology, computers have been on
the forefront in developing innovations through its many functions.
Many of the things that we thought were impossible before are now being achieved by computers
nowadays.

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In this digital economy, having the knowledge and skills in computer servicing is the start and most
fundamental of all.

Why is CSS relevant?

In today’s industry, almost every establishment needs the assistance of technology.
Even establishments and businesses are now gearing towards the use of information technology to
promote their services.
The demand for people who offer computer servicing and repair continues to increase as society rapidly
changes.

For example

Computer hardware need maintenance services in order to repair normal wear and tear.

Network infrastructures used by organizations will need maintenance and monitoring.

Computer equipment would need occasional repair and maintenance; thus, requiring the assistance
of computer systems service providers.

Commonly, the industry’s main line of business is on selling computer hardware systems and
components, as well as providing repair and installation services.

Thus, if you were to venture in this industry, you must be well informed on basic concepts
related to computer systems servicing.

What jobs can I land on?

Since society is now becoming more technology-driven and technology-dependent, it is no wonder that
more and more establishments are in need of the expertise of computer service providers.

The Computer Systems Servicing National Certificate (NC II) Qualification trains its learners with
competencies that will allow them to diagnose and troubleshoot PC systems and software issues, as
well as restoring its parts to return the device to its normal function.

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A person who has achieved the Computer Systems Servicing NC II Qualification is
competent to be a:

What are my job functions in the future?

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What does the Qualification require?

Because technology also changes rapidly, computer technicians must be updated with the current
trends, technology, and developments related to the computer industry. In addition to that, computer
staff may need to work with various people that will require their expertise. Thus, the ability to work in
groups and the ability to translate technical information to nontechnical users may be required when
working in this field.

Having a CSS NC II qualification is an entry point for a career in the computer field.

Being a computer technician may require you to travel to see clients or be at an office and workplaces
as a member of the IT support team. As a technician, you must possess the interests and skills that
the job demands.

What knowledge and skills do I need?

As much as possible, you will need some prior knowledge and skills so that you will be able to perform
computer servicing easily.

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Activity 1:

Why is it important for an ICT student to have CSS NC2 Qualification?

What do you think the world would be if Technology never existed?

Criteria Score per item

Quality of Writing 5

Grammar, Usage and Mechanics 5

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OHS Policies and Procedures

Occupational Health and Safety or OHS is concerned with health, safety, and welfare issues in the
workplace. Policies and procedures are important in discussing OHS because it aims to make the
workplace safer and better for workers and stakeholders.

It is concerned with many factors such as removal of hazards and reducing accidents in the workplace.

As a future computer technician, it is your responsibility to know these standard protocols especially
since you will be assembling and repairing expensive and sensitive equipment that need care and
proper handling.

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is a set of policies and procedures that is followed in a
workplace in order to prevent accidents, illnesses, and injuries.
It involves knowing the risks that can be encountered in a workplace and figuring out how it can be
prevented.

Following OHS policies and procedures is important when dealing with electronics since it would protect
not only the personnel dealing with the components, but also the unit itself.
Three steps may be done to facilitate OHS procedures in a CSS work space:

1. Hazard identification
2. Risk assessment
3. Risk control

In addition to that, here are some additional OHS Procedures that must be observed in computer
servicing:

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Hazard Identification

Hazards are anything that can hurt a person. Example of hazards that can be encountered when
conducting computer systems servicing are:

• Tangled electrical cords

• Unsecured or unevenly stacked boxes

• Noise

Hazard identification involves observing the workplace’s surroundings to recognize potential risks.

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What are common hazards that can be encountered in the electronic industry?

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Risk Assessment

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Risk Control

Once the hazard has been identified and its risks have been evaluated, it is time to address these
issues:

• Ask your supervisor for instruction and training before using or repairing an equipment.

Do not carry or move heavy objects by yourself.

Activity 2

Hazards Describe the risks Possible Interventions

Criteria Score per item

Quality of Writing 5

Grammar, Usage and Mechanics 5

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Applying Quality Standards

Introduction

Standards are sets of rules that outline specification of dimensions, design of operation, materials, and
performance. Standards provide basis for good quality and protocol.

When it comes to computer systems servicing, standards are important as it serves as comparison for
computer performance. Maintaining quality is important to manage customer satisfaction where the
revenue and profits will depend upon.

Assessing Quality

In computer systems servicing, you will be handling a lot of equipment. You will be purchasing them,
assembling and disassembling, repairing, or even maintaining them!

That is why it is important to assess the quality of the materials you will be receiving especially when
you are purchasing from a supplier.

Here are some standard protocols in checking the materials and goods you will be receiving in work.

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Documentation

Here are some samples of log reports and documentation assessed by a quality checker.

Take note however, that not all organizations will make use of the same form.

Activity 3

List down 3 - 5 example to populate the Log Report.

Log Report (to be completed by the Quality Checker)

Quality Checker: Date:

Total No. in Good

Item Name Total No. of Errors Comments
Condition

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 Date Received O.R. # Item Name Quantity Signature Quality Checker

Inventory Form

Here is an example of an inventory form.

You will be encountering this after disassembling computers. You will be listing down the PC
specifications in this form.

You can write the general description of what the item is under Items while you can write
the specifications or necessary description below Description/Specification. Anything else that you
think are important notes should be written on the Remarks column.

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Activity 4

List down 3 - 5 example to populate the Inventory Form.

Inventory Form

Items Description/Specification Quantity Remarks

Computer Equipment

System Unit Components

Tools

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CHAPTER 2 Understanding Basic Computer Concepts

Lesson Objectives:

At the end of this lesson, learners will be able to:

• Differentiate the different types of computers.

• Enumerate the three fundamental elements of a computer.
• Identify the different storage, processing, and Input /Output devices of a computer.
• Describe each of the components of the system unit.
• Differentiate the hand tools and equipment used in computer servicing.

Understanding the Computer

We all know that computers are essential pieces of technology that we use to make life easier
and perform jobs faster.
A computer increases our productivity, connects us to the internet, lets us talk with people across the
world, helps us store a lot of information, and even make money!

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The Computer

In technical terms, the computer is a device that accepts information in the form of digitalized data,
and manipulates it for some result based on a program or sequence of instructions on how the data is
to be processed.

Types of Computers

1. Supercomputer

Most powerful and most advance in terms of performance and data processing. These computers are
commonly used by large organizations to conduct specific tasks such as weather forecasting, research,
and exploration.

Ex. IBM’s Mira in United States. IBM’s Sequoia in United States

2. Mainframe Computer

Large and expensive computer capable of handling thousands of users and programs simultaneously.
Mainframe computers can handle, process, and store large amount of data. These are commonly
stored in large air-conditioned rooms because of its big size.

Ex. Fujitsu’s ICL VME, Hitachi’s Z800

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3. Minicomputer

Also known as midrange computers. It features all the functions of a large size computer, but has a
smaller size. Minicomputers can support many users because of its multi-processing system.

Ex. K-202, IBM Midrange computers, SDS-92

4. Microcomputer
Most widely used and fastest growing type of computer. Desktop computers, laptops, tablets, and
smartphones are types of microcomputers.

Fundamental Elements of a Computer

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Activity 5
Match the following types and elements of a computer based on their functions.
Match A B
Output Device 1. It is the basic framework where todays computer is
based on.
Computer 2. It is an electronic digital computer built for military in
1943
Input Device 3. In 1963 the computer started to become smaller and
more powerful it is what we call them now a days.
System Unit 4. These computers are commonly used by large
organizations to conduct specific tasks such as weather
forecasting, research, and exploration.
Analytical Engine 5. They are large and expensive computer capable of
handling thousands of users and programs
simultaneously.
Colossus 6. It features all the functions of a large size computer,
but has a smaller size.
PC 7. It process the data and information it receives input
devices.
Super Computer 8. Any device sends data to a computer and allows you to
interact with and control the computer.
Minicomputer 9. This device receives the system unit processed
information.
Mainframe 10. It is a device that accepts information in the form of
digitalized data, and manipulates it for some result based
on a program or sequence of instructions on how the data
is to be processed.

Basic Hardware Components of Computer Systems

A computer system consists of hardware and software components. As important as the software
which are the programs that run the computer, the hardware is the physical equipment such as the
case, storage drives, keyboards, monitors, cables, speakers, and printers that builds up and let the
software run.

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Computer Systems

The complete computer made up of the CPU, memory and related electronics (main cabinet), all the
peripheral devices connected to it and its operating system.

• Computer systems fall into two broad divisions: clients and servers.

• Client machines fall into three categories from low to high end: laptop,
desktop and workstation.

• Servers range from small to large: low-end servers, midrange servers and mainframes.

Computer Systems

Processing Devices

Processing devices are the computer’s circuitry in the system unit.

• Motherboard – the circuit board housing the memory and the central processing unit (CPU).

• Central Processing Unit (CPU) – manipulates input data into the information needed by the
users.

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 • Memory – also known as Random Access Memory or RAM. It is a series of electronic elements
that act as temporary storage of data and program instructions while the instructions are being
processed by the CPU.

• Chips – these make up the CPU and the memory; these are electronic devices that contain
many microscopic pathways designed to carry electrical currents.

Computer Systems

Storage Devices

Storage devices store data and programs. These hold data, information, and programs
permanently.

• Solid State Drive (SSD) – mass storage device that stores data in a permanent state even
without power. Similar to an HDD’s function, only the internal components are different. SSDs
do not have moving parts but store data on magnetic platters making use of flash memory.

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 • Hard Disk Drive (HHD) – often called hard drive or hard disk. This is the most common storage
device that do not need power to maintain data; these store data through spinning platters or
magnetic disks, recording individual bits written into the disk.

• Flash Drive – highly portable small data storage devices making use of flash memory and a
Universal Serial Bus (USB) port connection.

• CD – “compact disc”, this storage device can hold up to 700 MB; it is read by an optical drive
through a laser.

Computer Systems

Input Devices

Input devices allow the user to communicate with the computer by entering data or commands.

• Keyboard – primary input device used to input alphanumeric data and commands to the
computer.

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• Mouse – primary input device used to navigate and interact with the monitor output.

• Scanner – scans documents and converts them digitally, which can be edited on a computer.

• Webcam – small cameras attached to a monitor or desk that record or broadcast video.

• Joystick – device used to control video games, aside from the keyboard.

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Computer Systems

Output Devices

Output devices enable the computer to show the processed data and information understandably to
the user.

• Printer – prints paper documents, photographs, and other outputs called hard copies which
are physical versions of the documents.

• Monitor – acts as the primary display of the unit where the user interface and programs are
reflected.

• Speakers – sound system device that produce audio output from the compute

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Activity 6

Identify and label the different parts of a computer. Write your answer on the table below.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

5. 7. 8. 9. 10.

11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

16. 17. 18. 19. 20.

21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

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The System Unit is the overall structure that houses the processor, memory, and electronic
components of the computer that are used to process data. All input and output devices are connected
into the system unit. The system unit is housed by what is known as system case or computer case. It
holds and protects most components of a computer.

The Computer Case contains the framework to support and enclose internal components of the
computer. It helps to prevent damage from static electricity. It typically made up of plastic, steel, and
aluminum which are available in a variety of styles. The size and layout of a case is called a form
factor. It is also designed to keep internal components cool by using airflow vents and cooling fans.

Computer cases are referred to in a number of ways: Computer

chassis, Cabinet, Tower, Box and Housing.

Types:

• Tower (Full, Mid, Mini)

• Desktop (Standard, Slimline)

The System Unit

Power Supply

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Power supplies serve as the source for electricity to the computer. Attached are vital hardware
cables and buses for transferring power to various components in the computer.

The following are the basic connector you can see in a power supply:

• ATX 24 pin main power connector is the standard motherboard power connector used in
nearly every computer.

• SATA 15 pin power supply connector is one of several standard peripheral power connectors.
SATA power connectors only connect to SATA drives like hard drives and optical drives. SATA
power connectors do not work with older PATA devices.

• Molex 4 pin power supply connector is a standard peripheral power connector. Molex power
connectors connect to many different kinds of internal peripherals including PATA hard drives
and optical drives, some video cards, and even some other devices.

• Floppy drive 4 pin power supply connector is the standard floppy drive power connector. The
floppy power connector, also called a Berg connector or Mini-Molex connector, is included in
even the newest power supplies even though floppy drives are becoming obsolete.

• ATX 4 pin power supply connector is a standard motherboard power connector used to
provide +12 VDC to the processor voltage regulator. This small connector usually attaches to
the motherboard near the CPU.

• ATX 6 pin power supply connector is a motherboard power connector used to provide +12
VDC to the processor voltage regulator but the 4-pin variety is the more commonly used
connector. This small connector usually attaches to the motherboard near the CPU.

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The System Unit

Motherboard

The motherboard is also known as mainboard, system board, logic board, or MOBO. It holds and
allows communication between the crucial components of the computer such as the CPU and memory.
It also provides connection for other peripherals. This provides the path which the processor (CPU)
communicates with all the components of the computer.

There are several components that are attached to the motherboard. These include:

1. Chip – small piece of semiconducting material, where more integrated circuits are embedded.
They have standard-sized pin connectors that allows them to be attached to the motherboard.

2. Bus - an electrical path that enables data flow between various system components.

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3. Integrated Circuit (IC) – contains microscopic pathways that carry electric current. The IC
contains millions of elements such as resistors, capacitators, and transistors. Many different kinds of
chips are located in the motherboard

4. Microprocessor – this is the central processing unit on a chip.

Different variety of chip packages:

1. Dual Inline Package (DIP) – this has two parallel rows of pints that attach the chip package to the
circuit board

2. Pin Grid Array (PGA) – holds a larger number of pins because the pins are mounted on the
surface of the package.

3. Flip Chip-PGA (CF-PGA) Package – higher performance PGA packaging that places the chip on
the opposite sides of the pins.

4. Single Edge Contact (SEC) Cartridge – does not use pins but connects to one of the edges in
the motherboard.

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The form factor of motherboards pertains to the size and shape of the board. It also describes the
physical layout of the different components and devices on the motherboard. Various form factors
exist for motherboards:

• AT – Advanced Technology

• ATX – Advanced Technology Extended

• Mini-ATX – Smaller footprint of ATX

• Micro-ATX – Smaller footprint of ATX

• LPX – Low-profile Extended

• NLX – New Low-profile Extended

• BTX – Balanced Technology Extended

The function of the northbridge is primarily a fast path between the CPU and the video bus and system
RAM. While the southbridge connects with the slow hardware/components of the system.

See the photo below (courtesy of Quora) to understand the function of these bridges:

The System Unit

Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Commonly known as the CPU or processor, this is the brain of the computer. It interprets and carries
out the basic instructions to operate a computer.

It impacts overall computing power and manages most of the computer operations. The motherboard
contains a socket to hold the processor or CPU. The central processing unit (CPU), also called the

SHS | MODULE 1 33
processor or microprocessor, does most of the processing of data and instructions for the entire system.
Because the CPU generates heat, a fan and heat sink might be installed on top to keep it cool.

Nowadays, processors have multiple cores called multi-core processors. This means that the
processor is a single chip that has two or more separate processors. In multi-core processors, each of
the processors run at a slower clock speed as compared to a single-core processor, but this efficient
process typically increases performance. There are two kinds of common multi-core processors today:

1. Dual Core Processor – chip that contains two separate processors

2. Quad Core Processor – chip with four separate processors

AMD and Intel are the two most popular brands of processors in
the market nowadays.

Bundled with the processors are the heat sinks. A heat sink consists of metal fins that draw heat away
from a component. The fan and heat sink together are called the processor cooler. The photo below
shows a CPU with a heat sink mounted on the motherboard.

The System Unit

Random Access Memory (RAM)

The Random-Access Memory or RAM acts as temporary storage as long as the computer is running.
The contents of the RAM change as programs are executed. These are chips that are placed directly
on the motherboard. These RAM consists of switches which are triggered by changes in electric
current.

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Three basic types of RAM:

1. Dynamic RAM (DRAM) – This kind of RAM needs to be recharged by the CPU. If not, it loses
its contents. There are many variations of DRAM such as:

o Synchronous DRAM (SDRAM) – faster than DRAM because it is synchronized to the system
clock

o Double Data Rate (DDR) SDRAM – faster than SDRAM because they transfer data twice for each
clock cycle

o DDR2 and DDR3 SDRAM – faster than DDR SDRAM

o ambus DRAM (RDRAM) – type of DRAM faster than SDRAM that uses pipelining techniques

2. Static RAM (SRAM) – This kind is faster and more reliable than any form of DRAM. Unlike the
DRAM, this does not need to be re-energized. However, it is much more expensive and it used for
special purposes.

3. Magnetoresistive RAM (MRAM) – This kind stores data using magnetic charges instead of
electrical charges. It has greater storage capacity, consume less power, and faster access times.

The RAM chips are housed in a small circuit board called the memory module, which is inserted into
the motherboard.

Three types of memory modules:

1. Single Inline Memory Module (SIMM) – this has pins on opposite sides of the circuit board
which connect together to form a single set of contacts. This houses SDRAM chips along with
DIMMs.

2. Dual Inline Memory Module (DIMM) – the pins on the opposite sides of the circuit board do not
connect and form two sets of contacts. This houses SDRAM chips along with SIMMs.

3. Rambus Inline Memory Module (RIMM) – this houses RDRAM chips

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The computer will need a certain amount of memory to be able to handle programs, data, and
information, depending on the types of applications used.

The more RAM a computer has, the faster the computer will be.

• To be able to use basic application software such as Office Suite, one needs at least 1GB of
RAM.

• Using programs and multimedia should have at least 4GB.

• Playing modern games or using editing software will require at least 8GB.

Today the RAM ranges up to 64GB depending on the programs that will be used for the computer.

The System Unit

Cooling Technology

Cooling technologies are essential in avoiding the computer from overheating and maintaining a good,
well-ventilated system.

Several cooling technologies are present throughout the system unit:

o Fans are also present in several components such as the power supply, ports, processor, hard
disk etc.

o Heat sink, on another hand, is a small metal or ceramic component with fins on the surface which
absorbs and distributes heat produced by electrical components.

o Heat pipe is used on smaller devices like notebook computers since this is smaller in size.

Heat Sink

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The System Unit

Expansion Cards

A motherboard has expansion slots to be used by expansion cards. An expansion

card, also called an adapter card, is a circuit board that provides more ports than those
provided by the motherboard.

The photo below shows a Video Card, where it provides three video ports. Notice the
cooling fan and heat sink on the card, which help to keep the card from overheating. The
trend today is for most ports in a system to be provided by the motherboard (called onboard
ports) and less use of expansion cards.

There are also other variants of expansion cards such as network cards, sound cards, video
capture cards, interface cards, and other expansion cards that cater to whatever the
computer user for his/her needs and improvements for the system.

The System Unit

Storage

A system might have one or more hard drives, an optical drive, a tape drive, or, for really old systems,
a floppy drive.

A hard drive, also called a hard disk drive (HDD), is permanent storage used to hold data and
programs.

Hard Disk Drive

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For example, the Windows operating system and applications are installed on the hard drive. All drives
in a system are installed in a stack of drive bays at either the front or on the lower portion of the
case. Nowadays, users use Solid State Drive or SSDs because of its use of flash memory, which
does not use physical disks to write memory/data.

Solid State Drive

Each drive has two connections for cables: the power cable connects to the power supply and
another cable, used for data and instructions, connects to the motherboard.

SATA Cable // SATA Connector Slot in the Motherboard

Ports, Sockets, Slots, & Connectors

The motherboard has several ports, sockets, slots, and connectors that link the computers'
components, input, and output devices among each other. First we'll look at the port which are usually
found at the side of the motherboard or the back of the system case.

The port basically serves as an interface between the computer and other computers or peripheral
devices.

A port generally refers to the female part of connection. Computer ports have many uses, to connect a
monitor, webcam, speakers, or other peripheral devices.

On the physical layer, a computer port is a specialized outlet on a piece of equipment to which a plug
or cable connects. Electronically, the several conductors where the port and cable contacts connect,
provide a method to transfer signals between devices.

Familiarize yourself with the following ports usually found with computer systems below:

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Ports, Sockets, Slots, & Connectors

Sockets

The following are the most common sockets found in the motherboard. The CPU socket where the
CPU itself is inserted and the CMOS slot where the CMOS battery (which lets the motherboard
remember the date and time of the computer) that is replaced after it has worn out.

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SHS | MODULE 1 44
SHS | MODULE 1 45
Activity 7

Identify and label the different parts of a computer. Write your answer on the table.

1.
2.
3. 4.

5. 6. 7.
11. 8.
9. 1.
.

13. 14. 15.

11. 11. 11.
1. 1. 1.
12. . . .
1. . . . . . .
.
16.
11.
1.
.
. .

17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24. 25.

11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11. 11.
1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1. 1.
1.
. . . 1.
. . . . . .
. .. . .. .. .. .. . . . . .

26. 27. 29.

28. 30.
11. 1. 11.
. 1. SHS11.
| MODULE 1 46
1.
. . 1. 1.
. .
. . . . . .
1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

26.

27.

28.

29.

30.

SHS | MODULE 1 47
Hand Tools and Equipment

Electrostatic Discharge Tools

When working with electronic equipment, it is important to make sure that there is no static
electricity to avoid damage of computer parts.

Static electricity can be easily generated by friction on carpets, clothing, hair, fabric, flooring, etc.

Thus, these tools should be utilized:

Anti-static wrist wrap

Worn to prevent ESD damage to computer hardware

Anti-static mat

Used to stand on or place tools to prevent buildup of static electricity.

SHS | MODULE 1 48
Hand Tools

Pliers

SHS | MODULE 1 49
SHS | MODULE 1 50
SHS | MODULE 1 51
Cleaning Tools

Lint-free cloth

For cleaning computer parts without leaving marks or scratches.

Compressed air

For clearing or blowing away dust from computer parts.

Cable Ties

Used to organize and bundle cable together.

Parts organizer

For holding and organizing screws and other small computer parts.

SHS | MODULE 1 52
Diagnostic Tools
Digital Multimeter

A tool that can be used to measure amps, volts, and ohms. It can test the integrity of circuits and the
quality of electricity in computer components. Information is flashed on the screen.

Loopback Adapter

Also called as loopback plug. This tool tests the basic functionality of computer ports. The adapter is
specific to the port that you want to test.

Toner Probe

A two-part tool that generates a tone that travels the length of the cable. The toner part is attached to
a cable at one end using specific adapters, such as RJ-45, coaxial, or metal clips. When the probe is
near to the cable where the toner is attached, a tone can be heard from the speaker.

SHS | MODULE 1 53
Activity 8

Encircle the letter of your answer if its multiple choice and if its true or false underline your
choice of answer.

1. As a computer technician, the ability 6. __________ are sets of rules that

to work in groups and the ability to outline specification of dimensions,
translate technical information to non- design of operation, materials, and
technical users are not required when performance. They provide basis for
working in this field. good quality and protocol.

True a. Quality
False b. Assessments
c. Standards
2. Computer equipment would need d. Guidelines
occasional repair and maintenance;
thus, requiring the assistance of
computer systems service providers.
7. Having a Computer Systems
Servicing NC II qualification is an entry
True
point for a career in the computer field.
False
True
False
3. The following are types of hazards
EXCEPT FOR:
8. The following are standard protocols
a. Electric Shock Hazards
in checking the materials and goods
b. Chemical Hazards you will be receiving in work EXCEPT
FOR.
c. Thermal Hazards
a. The purchase order matches the specific
d. Physical Hazards device and quantity
b. The device looks like it is working
4. Hazards are anything that can hurt a c. There is documentation
person.
d. The packing slip is received
True
False
9. Hazard ____________ involves
observing the workplace’s
surroundings to recognize potential
5. ______________is the possibility of risks.
the hazard harming someone.
a. Control
a. Assessment
b. Identification
b. Risk
c. Recycling
c. Material
d. Observation
d. Danger

SHS | MODULE 1 54
10. Occupational Health and Safety is 14. When working with electronic
concerned with health, safety, and equipment, it is important to make sure
welfare issues in the workplace. that there is no static electricity to avoid
Although policies and procedures are damage of computer parts that is why it
not important in discussing OHS, it is is important to use these tools:
important to remember what the
supervisor tells you when you are in a. Crimping Tool
the workplace for it to be safer and
b. LAN Tester
better.
c. Compressed Air
True
d. Antistatic Mat and Wrist Wrap
False

15. The computer, since it was made in

11. The following are FACTS about the the 19th century, have been developed
Central Processing Unit (CPU) EXCEPT and improved through the years.
FOR:
The following are the computers made
a. Intel is the only brand of CPU available in during those years EXCEPT FOR:
the market.
a. MS-Dos
b. It is the brain of the computer. It
interprets and carries out the basic b. Atanasoff-Berry Computer
instructions to operate a computer.
c. Value Machine
c. It is also called the processor.
d. Analytical Engine
d. A fan and a heat sink is usually installed
to regulate its temperature.
16. This is a tool used in locking Rj45 into
UTP Cables.
12. The computer is a device that
accepts information in the form of a. Crimping Tools
___________________, and manipulates b. Precision Tools
it for some result based on a program or
sequence of instructions on how the c. Desoldering Tool
data is to be processed.
d. LAN Tester
a. Electric Blasts
b. Controlled Currents
17. How much GB of RAM (at least)
c. Digitalized Data should the following require?
d. Analog Frequencies Basic application software such as Office
Suite | at least ___ GB .
Programs and multimedia | at least ___
13. There are various types of computers GB.
depending on its purpose. The following
are types of computers EXCEPT FOR: Modern games and editing software | at
least ___ GB.
a. Market Computer
a. 1, 4, 8
b. Mainframe Computer
b. 2, 6, 8
c. Supercomputer
c. 1, 2, 4
d. Microcomputer
d. 4, 8, 16
SHS | MODULE 1 55
 18. This is a kind of port that is used in modern monitors and home theaters. It also transmits
digital audio and video.
a. Firewire
b. S/PDIF
c. VGA
d. HDMI

19. The following are storage devices EXCEPT FOR:

a. Flash Drive
b. Hard Disk Drive
c. Random Access Memory
d. Solid State Drive

20. This serves as the source for electricity to the computer. Attached are vital hardware
cables and buses for transferring power to various components in the computer.
a. System Unit
b. Battery
c. Central Processing Unit
d. Power Supply

CHAPTER 3 Exploring the Electronics Industry

Lesson Objectives:

At the end of this lesson, learners will be able to:

• Disassemble a computer system.

• Document specifications and information on hardware.
• Assemble a computer system
• Install Input/output devices

Performing Computer Hardware Services

Disassembling a Computer

SHS | MODULE 1 56
Introduction

You might be wondering why the lesson starts with disassembly and not assembly itself? Simply
because we want to learn how to disassemble so we can assemble it again from how we took out the
parts.

It is because in the industry, you will be performing disassembly especially in servicing, compared to
building a new computer and repairing and maintaining the computers in the workplace. You will have
to be familiar especially first with the system unit. We want you to learn how to assemble what you've
taken out (disassembled).

It is important that you have taken and reviewed the prerequisite module (Intro to CSS) before going
into this hands-on course.
Preparing for Disassembly

Before going into the disassembly proper, you will have to prepare all the materials that you will need.

Preparing for Disassembly

VIDEO: Disassembly Proper

Watch the demonstration video on Computer Disassembly below:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=edWS_IJTyd8&feature=emb_title&ab_channel=TESDAOnli
neProgram

SHS | MODULE 1 57
Preparing for Disassembly

Performance Checklist
If you tried disassembling a computer on your own, this checklist might be able to help you if you've
done the job correctly.

Check the following if you've met the criteria:

CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you...?

1. Unplug the System Unit before proceeding to disassembling?

2. Wear anti-static wrist strap and other PPE properly?

3. Remove the following safely and correctly?

a. Outer Steel/Casing?

b. Case Fan?

c. CPU Fan?

d. Power Supply?

e. Memory (RAM)?

4. Remove the Optical Disk Drive?

5. Remove the Hard Drive?

6. Remove the Motherboard?

Activity 9

Arrange the following sequence, write step 1 to 4 in the blank space provided.

SHS | MODULE 1 58
Activity 10

What is your reaction about the video that you have been watch? Do you find it difficult? Why?
Do you find it easy? Why? Do you have alternate method on how to disassemble a computer?

Criteria Score per item

Quality of Writing 5

Grammar, Usage and Mechanics 5

Assembling a Computer

Now that you've learned how to disassemble a PC, we are now going to proceed to assembling what
we just disassembled. Ideally, as seen in the last part of the disassembly video, you need to document
the specifications/status of the components before putting back the system unit together again.

A helpful tip is since you worked your way part by part in disassembly, now you are just going to retrace
your steps in assembling it.

Preparing for Assembly

Before going into the assembly proper, you will have to prepare all the materials that you will need.

SHS | MODULE 1 59
Preparing for Assembly

Video: Assembly Proper

Watch the demonstration video on Computer Assembly below:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VnSMN398R_s&feature=emb_logo&ab_channel=TESDAOn
lineProgram

Preparing for Assembly

Performance Checklist

If you tried assembling a computer on your own, this checklist might be able to help you if
you've done the job correctly.

SHS | MODULE 1 60
Check the following if you've met the criteria:

CRITERIA
YES NO
Did you…?

1. Clean the equipment and parts before assembly?

2. Wear anti-static wrist strap and other PPE?

3. Install the following correctly and carefully:

a. CPU Fan?

b. Hard Disk Drive?

c. Optical Drive?

d. RAM (Random Access Memory)?

e. Power Supply?

f. Interface Cards/Add-on Cards/Adapters Graphics/Video Cards?

g. System Fan?

4. Attach the System cover properly?

Activity 11

Answer the following statement by selecting true or false

1. It is not necessary to wear anti-static wrist wrap anymore in assembling a computer.

True False

2. It is necessary to clean the equipment and parts before assembly?

True False

3.It is the Power Supply must be installed first rather than the Hard Disk Drive?

True False

4. It is necessary to attach the System cover properly?

True False

5. It is the System Fan must be installed first rather than the Hard CPU Fan?

True False

SHS | MODULE 1 61
Activity 12

What is your reaction about the video that you have been watch? Do you find it difficult?
Why?

Do you find it easy? Why? Do you have alternate method on how to assemble a computer?

Criteria Score per item

Quality of Writing 5

Grammar, Usage and Mechanics 5

Installing I/O Devices

If you still do not have an installed operating system, you can simply install the keyboard and mouse
first. Then, install an operating system. After installing an operating system, install the rest of your
peripherals.

These devices are important since it lets you control your computer.

It is important that you have assembled a PC by this time. If not, please finish the previous lesson
first.

SHS | MODULE 1 62
Installing the Keyboard

1. Make sure to read the instruction manual of your keyboard first.

2. Check whether the keyboard has a USB (flat, rectangular shape) or PS/2 (typically round and
purple colored) connector.

3. Install the keyboard by connecting it to its proper port.

4. Do not install the keyboard while the computer is powered on. Do not remove the keyboard while
the computer is running.

Installing the Mouse

The process to installing this device is similar to that of the keyboard. Check whether your mouse is
using a PS/2 Connector or a USB connector then connect it to its proper port.

SHS | MODULE 1 63
Installing the Monitor

1. Identify the connection type that will connect the monitor to the motherboard or the graphics card.

2. A DVI, VGA, or HDMI are common ports in the monitor and used to produce best picture qualities.

3. Once the display is plugged to its proper connector on the video card or the motherboard, the
display is ready. Most of the time, drivers are not required but it should be downloaded to utilize a
maximum resolution.

Installing the Speakers

1. Determine the type of speaker and its connector.

2. Connect the cable (usually a 3.5mm jack) to the line-out jack of the computer sound card or on
the system unit.

3. Plug in the power cord.

Installing the Webcam

Common webcams can be simply plugged into the USB port and you will be prompted to install their
drivers. Some webcams would need to have its driver installed first. Make sure to read the
manufacturer’s instruction manual first.

SHS | MODULE 1 64
Installing the Printer

1. Make sure to have the printer and power cable.

2. Connect the printer connector to the unit.
3. Insert the ink or toner cartridge to the printer.
4. Turn the printer on.
5. Power the computer.
6. Start the Printer Install Wizard.
7. Follow the instructions to install the Printer Driver.
8. Run a test print to check if the printer is installed correctly.

Activity 13

Identify the cable of the following I/O Devices, write it on the space provided.

SHS | MODULE 1 65
CHAPTER 4 Performing Computer Software Services

Lesson Objectives:

At the end of this lesson, learners will be able to:

• Create portable boot devices

• Customize installers
• Install operating systems
• Install application software
• Conduct testing and documentation

Configuring the BIOS

The BIOS (pronounced as "bay-os") or the basic input/output system of the computer, is responsible in making
sure that all the other chips, hard drives, ports, and the CPU function together.

The BIOS basically sets up your computer -- it loads your drivers and boots the operating system.

Understanding the BIOS

The BIOS is a software usually built onto the motherboard that shows the major hardware components of your
computer with the operating system.

It is usually stored on a Flash memory chip on the motherboard, but sometimes the chip is another type of
ROM.

When you turn on your computer, the BIOS does several things. The sequence is as follows:

1. Check the CMOS Setup for custom settings

5. Display system settings
2. Load the interrupt handlers and device drivers
6. Determine which devices are bootable
3. Initialize registers and power management
7. Initiate the bootstrap sequence
4. Perform the power-on self-test (POST)

SHS | MODULE 1 66
Configuring the BIOS

SHS | MODULE 1 67
SHS | MODULE 1 68
By default, the first boot of the newly installed computer is on the hard disk--may it be on a laptop or a desktop
computer. When installing an operating system, the BIOS should be configured to set the system to boot on
the operating system to be installed. It should boot first on the USB installer.

Running the BIOS

Upon turning the computer on, press the keys that would run Setup. On most computers, it would be keys:
ESC, DEL, F1, F2, F12, Ctrl-Esc, or Ctrl-Alt-Esc to enter setup. There is usually a line of text at the bottom of
the display that tells you "Press ___ to Enter Setup."

BIOS setup would depend on the motherboard manufacturer. However, these are the common, standard
options you may see in the BIOS setup:

1. If you would like to boot from a certain device, say a USB Flash Drive to install an Operating System
(which we will demonstrate later), click advanced set-up and look for the first, second, and third boot
device.

2. Select first boot device. By default, it would be the hard drive on the installed computer.

3. Make sure to choose "Save Changes" when you are changing settings in the BIOS. Afterwards, this will
restart the computer so the new settings take effect.

SHS | MODULE 1 69
System Time/Date - Set the system time and date
Boot Sequence - The order that BIOS will try to load the operating system
Plug and Play - A standard for auto-detecting connected devices; should be set to "Yes" if your
computer and operating system both support it
Mouse/Keyboard - "Enable Num Lock," "Enable the Keyboard," "Auto-Detect Mouse"...
Drive Configuration - Configure hard drives, CD-ROM and floppy drives
Memory - Direct the BIOS to shadow to a specific memory address
Security - Set a password for accessing the computer
Power Management - Select whether to use power management, as well as set the amount of time for
standby and suspend
Exit - Save your changes, discard your changes or restore default settings

Activity 14

Create a screen recording video of your desktop or laptop that shows how to enter BIOS Setup
Interface. Maximum of 5 minutes or shorter.

Criteria Score per item

Quality of Video 5

Technicality of demonstration 5

Creating a Bootable Device

WHY IS BOOTING REQUIRED?

Hardware doesn’t know where the operating system resides and how to load it.

Need a special program to do this job – Bootstrap loader.

(e.g. BIOS – Boot Input Output System)

Bootstrap loader locates the kernel, loads it into main memory and starts its execution.

In some systems, a simple bootstrap loader fetches a more complex boot program from disk, which in turn
loads the kernel.

SHS | MODULE 1 70
Activity 15

Encircle each word you find out from the grid

Bootable Devices

1. Booting is a startup sequence that launches the operating system of a computer when it is turned on.
2. A boot sequence is the initial set of operations that the computer performs when it is switched on. Every
computer has a boot sequence.
3. A boot device is any device or drive that has the required boot files that allows the computer to start.
In this case, if we are building a PC from scratch, usually there is still no operating system. With this, an operating
system can be booted or installed from a boot device.

A boot drive commonly used is the hard drive. Usually, an operating system like Microsoft Windows is installed
in a hard drive to load Windows.

Creating Bootable USB Device

Using a third-party application (Rufus), scroll the demonstration slides below to see the step-by-step process on
creating a bootable USB device.

SHS | MODULE 1 71
SHS | MODULE 1 72
Activity 17

Fill in the missing words

1. The BIOS (pronounced as "bay-os") or the ___________________input/output _________________ of the

computer, is responsible in making sure that all the other chips, hard drives, ports, and the CPU function
together.

2. A _____________commonly used is the hard drive. Usually, an operating system like ________________is
installed in a hard drive to load Windows.

3. Using a third-party application __________, on creating a bootable USB device.

4. ___________________doesn’t know where the operating system resides and how to load it.

5. ___________________locates the kernel, loads it into main memory and starts its execution.

SHS | MODULE 1 73
Installing Operating Systems

When you open a computer, usually this will either be a Windows PC or a Macintosh computer. They will have
different user interfaces or applications that may be specific to that computer. The Windows or the Mac are called
operating systems.

The Operating System (OS) is a layer of software which is used to manage computer resources. It also provides
an interface, so that users can utilize computer resources. It configures and manages hardware to connect the
components and the applications.

Different Operating Systems

Windows is the dominant over the other two. 90% of computer users use Windows operating system.

Windows and MAC are expensive operating systems however, MAC OS requires the users to buy the MAC
systems (MacBook, Mac) built by Apple.

On the other hand, Linux is a free operating system.

Windows and MAC have similar file structures while Linux has a different code base (single file tree compared
to Windows and MAC's many directories)

Windows interface has a Start menu, Taskbar, System Tray, and the Windows Explore while Linux has easy to
switch interfaces.

Linux is most preferred by programmers, MAC is preferred by graphic artists, and Windows is preferred by
gamers.

Installing Windows Operating System

Go through the step-by-step procedure on how to install a Windows operating system below:

SHS | MODULE 1 74
SHS | MODULE 1 75
SHS | MODULE 1 76
Common Operating Systems

The following are common operating systems being used today:

SHS | MODULE 1 77
Activity 18

Write the correct answer on the space provided.

Installing Device Drivers

IV. Transfer

Your goal in this section is to learn how to install the device drivers and why are they essential programs.

This is an essential step that you need to be aware of after installing an operating system. Basically, the device
drivers tell your operating system how to use the components like the motherboard, graphics card, network
interface cards, sound cards, and other devices.

Most of the time, Windows would be able to recognize a device and will install drivers automatically. Some cases
would require to install generic drivers.

Drivers – small software programs that help the operating system use the device. When a device is
malfunctioning, one should ask whether the right driver has been installed.

There are several ways to install device drivers for your newly installed components:

1. Manufacturer’s DVD Installer – Provided upon buying a computer, laptop, device

SHS | MODULE 1 78
2. Driverpack Solution – A free tool which automatically finds proper drivers for a computer, then downloads and
installs it without wizards or installation prompts.

3. Device Manager (Driver Update) – Can be accessed by clicking Start > Computer > Manage > Device
Manager. From here, each component can have the option to install a driver through a CD or through searching
automatically online.

SHS | MODULE 1 79
4. Download Online – Look for unit’s Model Name and Number

Installing Using a Driverpack

SHS | MODULE 1 80
Checking Device Driver Installation

After installation, you would want to see if you've installed the correct device drivers to avoid any issues that
may hinder the component from running in its full performance.

In this simple procedure, we are looking if there drivers are already installed. If the device driver is installed,
updating it through the device manager would prompt to say that the drivers are installed.

1. Open the Control Panel.

2. Select System and Security.

3. Click System and select Device Manager from the left side.

SHS | MODULE 1 81
4. Click “Monitor” and you will see that a genetic monitor is installed.

Activity 19

Underline the answer of your choice.

1. It is a free tool which automatically finds proper drivers for a computer, then downloads and installs it without
wizards or installation prompts.

Device Manager

Driverpack Solution

SHS | MODULE 1 82
2. If you are looking for the device driver online, you should look for the:

Model name and Number

Brand Serial Number

3. Drivers are large software programs that help the operating system use the device.

True

False

4. It is provided when you buy a brand new Desktop PC , Laptop, and other devices like printers

Online Driver Download

Manufacturer’s DVD Installer

5. It tells your operating system how to use the components like the motherboard, graphics card, network
interface cards, sound cards, and other devices.

Device Manager

Device Driver

Installing Software

Software is basically the instructions and programs that tells the computer to run different tasks.

It can be categorized into system or OS, application, and programming.

System/Operating System - tells the CPU what to do. The most common types of operating systems are MS
DOS Windows, MAC OS, and Corel Linux.

Application - assigned to perform specific functions / tasks on the computer.

Programming - it is development of various sets of instructions for a computer to do a task. Different programming
languages can be used to carry out a certain task and to let the computer operate smoothly.

Establishing Installation Procedure

SHS | MODULE 1 83
Installer - computer program that installs files, such as applications, drivers, software onto a computer.

Installation (setup) of a computer program is making a program ready for execution or user access. This
process may varyd depending on the program, type of computer, computer operating system, etc.

Common Windows Installer File Extension:

Executable - .exe

Microsoft Windows Installation - .msi

Compressed Zip File - .zip

ISO image - .iso

Types of Software

System Software

Also known as Operating System. It tells the CPU what to do.

Most common examples include Windows, MAC OS, MS-DOS and Linux.

Application Software

It accomplishes specific tasks intended for personal, business, or scientific purposes. Example tasks include
inventory management, payroll processing, human resource management, etc.

Common Application Software:

Word Processor

Spreadsheets

Database Programs

Presentation Software

Desktop Publishing Software

Reference Software

Graphics Programs

Educational Software

Computer Games

Network Software

Language Software

SHS | MODULE 1 84
Programming Software

Used to make computer programs. Programming language is used to create computer programs.

Eclipse

Coda

Notepad ++

Sublime Text

File System Types/Formatting

File System – A program used by the operating system to organize data or application files. The type of file
system is used to determine how data and programs will be accessed. In addition to that, it can also control what
data or programs will be available to users.

Types of File System

1. FAT File System

File Allocation Table Type allows the operating system to look for files on a disk.

2. FAT32 File System

More advanced version of the FAT File System. It can partition size as well as access speed. Because of this,
FAT32 allows users to have better disk space utilization.

3. ExFAT

Stands for Extended File Allocation Table. A file system type that can be used for memory sticks and SD cards.

4. NTFS File System

New Technology File System. Compared to FAT and FAT32, NTFS has a much bigger partition and file size. It
is a highly reliable file system type because it is recoverable. It also has fault tolerance which means that logged
transactions can be used to recover data.

File System Types/Formatting

Storage File System Formatting

SHS | MODULE 1 85
Follow the guidelines to format the file system in a storage.

1. By default, formatting is set to FAT.

– If you try to format an internal hard disk that is smaller than 32 GB, you will see the options for NTFS, FAT and
FAT32.

– If you try to format an internal hard disk that is larger than 32 GB, you will only see the option for NTFS.

– If you try to format an external USB device smaller than 32 GB, you will see all the options.

– If you try to format and external USB device larger than 32 GB, you will only see NTFS and exFAT.

2. Devices smaller than 32 GB should be formatted in FAT or FAT32 for more reliability and less disk space
wastage.

3. Files larger than 32GB should be formatted in exFAT for latest operating systems.

4. For other compatible devices and other operating systems, files larger than 32 GB should be formatted
using NFTS.

Common File Formats

The following are the most common file formats that you will encounter when working in a computer.

File type

File extension

Text

.doc .docx .asc .rtf .msg .txt .wpd .wps

Image

.jpg .gif .png .bmp .eps .pict .psd .tif

Sound

.mp3.aac .au .mid .ra .snd .wma .wav

Video

.mp4.avi .mpg .mov .wmv

Program

.exe .bat .com

Compressed

.arj .gz .hqx .rar .sit .tar .z .zip .arc

SHS | MODULE 1 86
Activity 20

Multiple Choice

The following file extensions are part of which file type?

1. .jpg .gif .png .bmp .eps .pict .psd .tif

Text

Image

Sound

2. doc .docx .asc .rtf .msg .txt .wpd .wps

Sound

Text

Image

3. .mp3.aac .au .mid .ra .snd .wma .wav

Image

Sound

Text

4. .mp4.avi .mpg .mov .wmv

Program

Video

Compressed

5. .arj .gz .hqx .rar .sit .tar .z .zip .arc

Compressed

Program

Video

6. For other compatible devices and other operating systems, files larger than 32 GB should be formatted
using _________?

FAT

ExFAT

NTFS

7. It is used to determine how data and programs will be accessed. In addition to that, it can also control
what data or programs will be available to users.

Software

File Extension

File System

SHS | MODULE 1 87
8. It is used to make computer programs. ____________________is used to create computer programs.

System Software

Application Software

Programming Software

9. It accomplishes specific tasks intended for personal, business, or scientific purposes. Example tasks
include inventory management, payroll processing, human resource management, etc.

System Software

Application Software

Programming Software

10. It tells the CPU what to do. Most common examples include Windows, MAC OS, MS-DOS and Linux.

System Software

Application Software

Programming Software

Installing Applications

This is the basic procedure that is most common when you are installing applications.

• Find the installer folder.

• Right click Setup.exe.
• Follow the on-screen instruction.
Click through the step-by-step presentation below in installing a web browser:

SHS | MODULE 1 88
Activity 21

Create a screenshot’s or a screen recording where you are installing a software on your device.

Criteria Score per item

Quality of Image/Video 5

Technicality of demonstration 5

Conducting Tests

VI. Transfer

Your goal of this section is to conduct testing after all the installations you have done on your previous lessons.

After installing hardware and software, it is important that we make sure that the computer runs perfectly.

Testing the computer through stress tests is a good example to check if there are remaining issues in the
computer. There are procedures such as gathering test information, validating and responding to these may help
in making sure that everything runs smoothly.

Make sure that you have reviewed the use of diagnostic tools before proceeding to this lesson.

Software Tools/Disk Management Tools

The following are different disk management tools and procedures that can optimize a PC to its full performance
as well as check errors/issues along the way.

fDisk

A command-line tool that creates and deletes partitions on a hard drive. It is available from Windows 2002
onwards. For newer units (from Windows XP onwards) the disk management tool is used.

SHS | MODULE 1 89
Disk Management Tool

This is used to manage disks and drives (like internal and external hard drives), create partitions, and format
devices. This is used on newer versions of Microsoft Windows.

Format

It is the process of preparing a data storage device (i.e. hard drive, USB drive, solid-state drive) to store
information.

SHS | MODULE 1 90
ScanDisk or CHKDSK

Used to check integrity of files and folders in your unit. This can also be used to check the disk surface for
physical errors.

Defrag

It optimizes space on hard drive and allow faster access to programs and data.

Disk Cleanup

A software utility for Windows that lets users remove files and speed up computer performance.

SHS | MODULE 1 91
System File Checker (SFC)

A tool in Microsoft Windows that allows users to scan and restore corrupt Windows system files. This is
available in Windows 98 and later.

Testing Procedures

This is the basic testing procedure you will follow throughout.

• Gathering test information.

• Validating test information.
• Responding to rest information.
• Checking specification.External Visual Inspection

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Testing Procedures

Observing the Boot Routine

1. If you have turned off the computer, power it on inclduing all peripherals and devices

2. Examine the power supply fan.

Is the fan running normally?

➢ If YES, proceed to Step 3.

➢ If NOT, troubleshoot the system power.
➢

3. Watch the NUM LOCK, CAPS LOCK, and SCROLL LOCK keys light in the keyboard.

Internal Visual Inspection

Before performing Internal Visual Inspection, make sure that all open files were saved and running application
programs were closed.

1. Like in conducting external visual inspection, make sure that you have turned off the computer including its
devices and peripherals. Disconnect all power cables and electrical outlets

2. Remove the computer’s right-side cover.

3. Examine whether all chips, expansion cards, and SEC cartridge and heat sink assembly or assemblies are
fully seated in their sockets or connectors.

4. To ensure that chips are fully seated in their sockets, press firmly on the top of each chip.

5. Check whether all jumpers are set correctly.

6. Check whether all cable connectors inside the computer to verify that they are firmly attached to its right
connection.

7. Reinstall the computer cover.

Reconnect the computer and any attached peripherals to their power sources, and turn them on.

Conducting Stress Test

Stress testing is a form of software testing that determines a system’s stability, availability, and reliability.

It is used to determine the speed and effectiveness of a computer, network, software, or device.

Performance testing is checking the software whether it can cope up with the current system performance.

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You can conduct stress test by monitoring your computer performance through the Task Manager (Just press
CTRL + ALT + DEL keys to launch the Task Manager).

1. Close all open programs and launch the Task Manager.

2. Select "Performance" from the tabs.

3. Open as many applications as you can or perform many tasks.

4. Observe the computer's CPU Usage and Memory.

The more RAM you have, the smoother it is to access programs.

Activity 22

Encircle the letter of your answer if its multiple choice and if it’s true or false underline your choice of answer.

1. It is responsible in making sure that all chips, 3. The following are operating systems EXCEPT
hard drives, ports, CPU, and other components FOR
function together properly. This boots the
computer and loads the drivers. a. Windows

a. Operating System b. Reaver

b. BIOS c. Linux

c. Device Driver d. MAC OS

d. Software
4. This is a program used by the operating
system to organize data or application files. The
2. Which of the following is a FREE operating type of this program determines how data and
system? programs will be accessed.

a. Windows a. Installation Procedure

b. MAC OS b. .EXE organizer

c. Reaver c. Winzip

d. Linux d. File System

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5. It is a layer of software used to manage c. Flash Drive
computer resources. It provides the interface,
configures and manage hardware to connect d. Hard Drive
components to applications. 10. These are small software programs that help
a. BIOS the operating system use the hardware devices.
This is constantly updated and made sure that
b. Device Drivers the correct versions are installed.

c. Program Applications a. Drivers

d. Operating System b. Operating Systems

6. This operating system makes use of an c. BIOS

interface with a Start Menu, Taskbar, System
Tray among other user interface components. d. Windows

a. Windows 11. When these are being installed in their

slots, you should push these down properly to
b. Linux align it to the slots until you hear a click when
the tabs lock.
c. Reaver
a. CPU Fan
d. MAC OS
b. Random Access Memory
7. These are several ways in installing device
drivers EXCEPT FOR: c. Power Supply Unit

a. Driverpack Solution d. Central Processing Unit

b. None 12. These are the most necessary peripherals

you should connect to your system unit to be
c. Driver Update through Device Manager able to run the computer easily.
d. Downloading drivers online a. Speakers, Printer
e. Manufacturer's DVD Installer b. Keyboard, Mouse, Monitor
8. Third party applications like Rufus make use c. Scanner, Mouse, Webcam
of bootable devices in the process of installing
an operating system which device do we d. Joystick, Headphones, Speakers
usually use to install an operating system?
13. Before assembling the computer
a. Flash Drive components, you should clean the components
with a brush and add an amount of thermal
b. Random Access Memory paste to the heat sink and the processor.
c. Cloud Drive True
False
d. Hard Drive

9. Booting is a startup sequence that launches 14. Ideally, what is the LAST component that
the operating system of a computer when it is you take out in the disassembly process?
turned off. When installing an operating system
to a computer, these files are placed in a boot a. RAM
drive. What is the most common boot drive b. Power Supply Connectors
used to load the operating system?
c. CPU Fan
a. USB
d. CPU
b. Random Access Memory

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15. After removing the Central Processing Unit, add thermal paste on the pins before putting it back to
the CPU socket.

True

False

16. When wearing the anti-static wrist wrap, where should the other end (aside from the wrist) should
you clip the wrap onto?

a. Standoffs of the case

b. Unpainted part of the case

c. Any screw

d. I/O Bezel Plate

17. The following are wirings from the power supply connected to the motherboard EXCEPT FOR:

a. SATA power connector

b. 24-pin ATX power connector

c. 2-pin power connector

18. What is the best indicator that you have successfully assembled a computer?
a. There is a beeping sound as you turn it on.

b. You are able to close the system case cover.

c. The PC is able to boot up to the BIOS.

d. All wires are connected and the lights blink when turned on.

19. After disassembling a computer, what do you usually do before re-assemble the components
again?

a. Let them dry through the air conditioner or at room temperature

b. Note the specifications

c. Put them away in a clean and secure box

d. Use a well sanitized moist cloth and wipe the components neatly

20. These are the most common ports used by monitors to produce best video qualities EXCEPT FOR

a. RPS

b. DVI

c. VGA

d. HDMI

REFERENCES:

https://www.e-tesda.gov.ph/

https://www.vectorstock.com/ つづく
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