Computer Systems Servicing: Quarter 3 Self-Learning Module 11 IP Addressing
Computer Systems Servicing: Quarter 3 Self-Learning Module 11 IP Addressing
SERVICING
Quarter 3
Self-Learning Module 11
IP Addressing
After completing this lesson, you should be able to:
1. Discuss the information about IP addressing and its components;
2. Identify the IP classes of any IP address;
3. appreciate the importance of IP addressing.
DIRECTION: Read the following statement carefully. Choose the best answer by
encircling your answer.
• On our last module, you have learned that the application layer is the user
interface that internet users interact with to send or receive data through
email, online games, peer to peer file transfer, and other applications.
• The presentation layer translates the commands received from the
application layer into universal, well-known networking formats.
• The session layer makes it possible to establish an open communication line
to send the requested packets.
• The transport layer not only defines how data is sent, but also provides
validation and firewall security.
• The network layer seeks for the best-known path to route information to
reach its destination similar to searching for an address on a GPS.
• The Data Link Layer ensures that a transmission occurs without any errors
and lastly physical layer consists of the physical components in a Local Area
Network (LAN) such as networking hardware and Ethernet cables.
INTRODUCTION
The IP or Internet Protocol is the fundamental protocol for communications
on the Internet. It specifies the way information is packetized, addressed,
transferred, routed, and received by networked devices.
IP HISTORY
• Its development began in 1947, led by computer scientists Bob Kahn and
Vint Cerf. It is frequently used in conjunction with the Transmission Control
Protocol or TCP. Together they are referred to as TCP/IP.
• The first major version of the Internet Protocol was version 4 or IPv4. In
1981, it was formally defined in RFC 791 by the Internet Engineering Task Force
or IETF.
• The successor to IPv4 is IPv6, which was formalized by the IETF in 1998.
It was designed to eventually replace IPv4. As of 2018, IPv6 governs approximately
20% of all Internet traffic.
IP ADDRESS
It is a number identification of a computer or another device on the Internet.
It is similar to a mailing address which identifies where postal mail comes from
and where it should be delivered. IP addresses uniquely identify the source and
destination of data transmitted with the Internet Protocol.
IP ADDRESS CLASSES
With an IPv4 IP address, there are five classes of available IP ranges: Class
A, Class B, Class C, Class D and Class E. The table below shows the summary of
the IP classes.
We only need to know three classes from the table which is Class A, B and
C. Class D and E are reserved IP address for special purposes.
Class A are associated with IP addresses that begin with the number 1-126.
If an IP address happens to start with a 128 – 191 then that is a class B address.
Lastly, if an IP address starts with a 192-223 then that is a class C address.
Now let us look at a number of different IP addresses and determine what
class this particular IP address belongs to.
1. 17.22.90.7 - A
2. 220.10.77.40 - C
3. 165.254.0.1 - B
Our first is 17.22.90.7. We know that the leading value of the given address-
is 17 and if we refer back to our chart of IP address classes, we would be able to
know that 17 is in between 0-126, therefore 17.22.90.7 is a class A address.
Ranges 127.x.x.x are reserved for the loopback or localhost and range
255.255.255.255 is a special type of IP address which is called the limited
broadcast address. A broadcast involves delivering a message from one sender to
many recipients. Senders direct an IP broadcast to 255.255.255.255 to indicate
all other nodes on the local area network to pick up that message.
WHAT IS IN A PACKET?
A packet contains a source, destination, data, size, and other useful
information that helps packet make it to the appropriate location and get
reassembled properly. Below is a breakdown of a TCP packet.
DIRECTION: Read each statement below carefully. Write T if the statement is true.
Supply the correct word for the underlined word if the statement is false. Use the
group of words below for your answer.
_________1. IP specifies the way information is packetized, addressed, transferred,
routed, and received by networked devices.
_________2. Class A are associated with IP addresses that begin with the number
1-126.
_________3. A dynamic contains a source, destination, data, size, and other useful
information that helps packet make it to the appropriate location and get
reassembled properly.
_________4. The packet is a term first coined by Donald Davies in 1965 that is used
to describe a segment of data sent from one computer or device to another over a
network.
_________5. Most home networks use dynamic allocation including our laptops,
mobile devices and tablets.
Class A are associated with IP addresses that begin with the number 1-126. If
an IP address happens to start with a 128 – 191 then that is a class B address. Lastly,
if an IP address starts with a 192-223 then that is a class C address.
IP addresses are assigned in two different ways. They may be dynamically
assigned or statically assigned.
A packet contains a source, destination, data, size, and other useful
information that helps packet make it to the appropriate location and get reassembled
properly.
DIRECTION: Read the following statement carefully. Write your answer in two to
three sentences each number.
2. Cite a situation in which you can apply the knowledge about IP addressing.
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DIRECTION: Read the following statement carefully. Choose the best answer by
encircling your answer.