9

ICT – Computer System

Servicing 9
Quarter 1 – Module 5:
Lesson 2 :Performing Computer
Operation [PCO]-Input data into
computer
Empowerment Technologies– Grade 11/12
Self-Learning Module (SLM)
Quarter 1 – Module 5: Input data into computer
First Edition, 2020

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Introductory Message
This Self-learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions,
directions, exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to
understand each lesson.

Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-
by-step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.

Pre-test are provided to measure your prior knowledge on lessons in each

SLM. This will tell you if you need to proceed on completing this module, or
if you n eed to ask your facilitator or your teacher’s assistance for better
understanding of the lesson. At the end of each module, you need to answer
the post-test to check self- check your learning. Answer keys are provided
for each activity and test. We trust that you will be honest in using these.

In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the teachers are also
provided to the facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on
how they can best help you on your home-based learning.

Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any
part of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises
and tests. Read the instructions carefully before performing each task.

If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering
the task in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or
facilitator.

Thank you.
 What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the Input data into computer. The scope of this module permits it to be
used in many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the
diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the
standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module has one lesson, namely:

 Lesson 2– Performing Computer Operation [PCO]- Input data into

computer

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Enter the data into the computer using appropriate program/application in

accordance with company procedures.
2. Check the accuracy of information and save the information in accordance
with standard operating procedures.
3. Store inputted data is in storage media according to requirements.

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 What I Know

Solve the crossword below. Write your answers on the separate sheet
of paper.

1. ____________________________ 6. ____________________________
2. ____________________________ 7. ____________________________
3. ____________________________ 8. ____________________________
4. ____________________________ 9. ____________________________
5. ____________________________ 10. ____________________________

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Lesson Lesson 2: Performing Computer

7 Operation [PCO] -Input data into

computer

What’s In

From the previous lesson, we've learned about Hardware and Software as a
component of a computer system. We’ve learned that computer Hardware refers to
the physical and tangible components of a computer. There are different types of
computer hardware first (1) is the Input devices allows the end-user to
communicate with the computer, second (2) Output devices that display results of
the processed data that was entered using input devices third (3) Processing device
a device responsible for processing raw data in the computer and last is Storage
devices hardware devices used for storing information from the computer. Software
refers to the intangible components of a computer. There are different types of
computer software: System software refers to the files and programs that make up
your computer's operating system and Application software refers to programs
designed for the computer users.
Data Processing is a process of manipulating data to make it more useful forms. It
does not only consist of mathematical calculations but also data operations. It
involves three steps, input, process, and output. The main goal of data processing
is to process data into a more useful form that could use by people into a more
meaningful form called information.

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 What’s New

Activity 1
Read and answer each question concisely

1. Define a program or software

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2. Briefly discuss the History of the Internet
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3. Briefly discuss the Data Processing Cycle
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4. Enumerate and discuss the Two types of Storage device
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 What is It

TYPES OF PROGRAM / APPLICATION SOFTWARE

SOFTWARE – is a set of instructions that tell the computer what to do. Computer
is useless without any software installed in it.

THREE CATEGORIES OF SOFTWARE

1. SYSTEM SOFTWARE – System software is the software that controls

application processing and hardware resources of the computer system
such as memory, disk space, and peripheral devices.
Ex. Operating system

The Operating system is a collection of programs that perform a variety

of tasks or functions. The tasks performed by the operating system (OS)
involve communicating with the disk drives, printers, hard disks,
CD/DVD ROMS, monitor, modem and other peripheral devices.

2. APPLICATION SOFTWARE – Application software is a program that is created to

assist users with a specific task. Programs to perform word processing, manipulate
spreadsheets, manage database, and communicate with other computers are some
of the popular applications. Ex. Word Processing

The Word processing technology today makes it possible to enjoy typing effectively.
The typist will no longer suffer the agony of retyping the text to produce clean and a
neat draft. Through the use of word processing software such as the Microsoft
Word and Word Perfect, a user (typist) can concentrate on thinking about the ideas
and let the computer handle the details of laying out the words and spacing neatly
on the page.

Category Examples
Word processor Word, WordStar, Word Perfect
Spreadsheet Microsoft Excel, Lotus 123, Quattro
Database Management System Oracle, FoxPro, SQL, Database Access
Graphics Adobe Photoshop, Corel Draw
Games Counter Strike, WarCraft, Chess Master
Educational MathCAD

3. PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES – It is the representation of instructions in

human recognizable form.

LANGUAGE GENERATION
Generation Classification
1st Machine Languages
2nd Assembly Languages

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 3rd Procedural languages
4th Application Languages (4GL’s)
5th AI techniques, Inference Languages
6th Neural networks, others

Classification of Programming language according generation

Programming language according to level

WEB BROWSERS

A browser is an application that enables users with an Internet connection to

access and view webpages on a computer or mobile device
– Internet-capable mobile devices such as smartphones use a special type of
browser, called a mobile browser

THE WORLD WIDE WEB

 The World Wide Web (WWW), or web, consists of a worldwide

collection of electronic documents (webpages)
 A website is a collection of related webpages and associated items
 A web server is a computer that delivers requested webpages to your
computer or mobile device
 HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) is a set of symbols that
developers use to specify the headings, paragraphs, images, links, and
other content elements that a webpage contains
 A web app is an application stored on a web server that you access
through a browse
– Web apps usually store users’ data and information on their hosts’

servers

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 Figure 1.1 Web and mobile apps often work together, enabling you to access your
content from a variety of computers and devices.

https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/invention-of-the-internet

The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of

businesses, government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
The Internet originated as ARPANET in September 1969 and had two main goals:
– Allow scientists at different physical locations to share information and work
together
– Function even if part of the network were disabled or destroyed by a disaster

Figure1.2 shows the brief history of the Internet

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 https://www.jegsworks.com/lessons/web-2/basics/connecting.htm
Figure 1.3 Connecting to the Internet
DATA PROCESSING
Data is defined as a collection of raw and unprocessed facts. Since it is still raw, it
needs to be seamed to other data. The data must be manipulated and processed to
achieve a desirable result and turn it into more useful information. Score in quizzes,
student names, sale figures, grade reports and others are all examples of data.
After data have been processed they can now be considered as information. It is the
output of data that has been already manipulated and transformed into something
useful
Unorganized Facts

 No. of hours rendered, other deduction

 No. of items and cost
 Cost per subject and other Miscellaneous
Useful Information

 Payroll reports
 Sales Report
 Registration Form
Data Processing is a process of manipulating data to make it more useful forms. It
does not only consist of mathematical calculations but also data operations. The
term data processing is a cumulative technique for the collection of data to acquire
certain objectives.

http://www.jhigh.co.uk/ComputingSG/CDP/CDP_DataCycle.html

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DATA PROCESSING DATA PROCESSING CYCLE
The data processing cycle performs three (3) basic functions: Input, Process,
Output. Any type of data to be processed regardless of type of device used, either
through a manual operation or electronic operation, comprises these basic steps.

https://image.slidesharecdn.com/informationprocessingcycle-120516065809-phpapp01/95/information-processing-cycle

DATA PROCESSING CYCLE

Input. This steps initially gathers and prepares data to be entered into a computer
for processing. This type of data is commonly called as the input data. There are
certain computer input devices used to collect data such as microphone, mouse,
keyboard and others. The most commonly used input devices for entering data into
a computer is by typing on a keyboard.

Examples of Input Devices

Processing. This is the operation of manipulating and transforming data into
useful information. The data are manipulated and changed in this step. Arithmetic
operations, logic operations or simple data movement can also be included in this
function. Data in computer system are represented using binary digits 1 and 0.
When you enter letter A in the keyboard it doesn’t mean that the one being process
is A. the binary form of A is 1010. It is in the Processing block that these binary
digits are converted into letters for them to be understood by humans.
Output. This is the result of the processing function. Once the data have been
manipulated and processed into information, the computer must then produce and
present the information into a format acceptable to the user. The output devices
are used to display the information on a monitor or the information is printed on
paper.

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 Examples of Output Devices
EXPANDED DATA PROCESSING CYCLE
There are three (3) more steps added to the basic data processing cycle and these
are: Origination, Distribution and Storage.
Origination. It is a process of collecting the source document often referred to as
the original data. It is important to keep the source documents for reference
purposes in case errors occur during the processing steps

Distribution. In this steps, the output data or the result which is often referred to
as report documents will be distributed.
Storage. It is important that the result of data processing are kept in a storage
device to be retrieved, modified or used as input data for further processing.
DATA PROCESSING OPERATION (checking and saving information)
RECORDING –refers to the transfer of data from one form to another. Numbers or
figures and facts resulting from the operation are documented.
VERIFYING – refers to the checking of data for any errors or discrepancy because
most data are recorded manually.
DUPLICATING – is the reproduction of data into many forms.
CLASSIFYING – it separates data into its distinctive categories
SORTING – refers to the arranging of data in specific order. Orders may be cardinal,
ordinal, alphabetical or lexicographic order.
CALCULATION – refers to the arithmetic calculation of data.
SUMMARIZING and REPORTING – the data are condensed to their meaningful
forms.

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MERGING – is the putting together of two or more sets of data with the same key to
be one set of data.
STORING – is the saving of data into files for future reference.
RETRIEVING – refers to the recovering of stored data and/or information when
needed.
FEEDBACK – is the operation that compares the result to the objectives set.
METHODS OF PROCESSING DATA
1. Batch Processing. This applies serial processing. In this method, the data are
being collected into a certain groups or batches to permit convenience, efficiency
following a step by step procedure.
2. On-line Processing. It is a method where all the information and devices are
under the direct control of the central processing unit of a computer that permits
sharing of files and devices with all computers that are connected to the server.
3. Real-time Processing. It is a method that provides a fast response to inquiry
and processing. It processes the data as soon as data have been inputted and has
the capability of the outcome of the activity or process in a matter of seconds or
even milliseconds.
4. Distributed Processing. It is the most complicated level of computer processing.
It is usually consists of different computers that are connected to a large central
computer system or server to help the user conduct inquiries, processes, or other
data processing operations locally or even globally.
STORAGE DEVICES
A storage device is a piece of computer hardware used for saving, carrying and
pulling out data. It can keep and retain information short-term or long-term. It
can be a device inside or outside a computer or server. Other terms for storage
device are storage medium or storage media. A storage device is one of the basic
elements of any computer device. It almost saves all data and applications in a
computer except for hardware firmware. It comes in different shapes and sizes
depending on the needs and functionalities.
There are two type of storage:
Primary Storage - Also known as main memory.

 Main memory is directly or indirectly connected to the central

processing unit via a memory bus.
 The CPU continuously reads instructions stored there and executes
them as required.
Example: – RAM – ROM – Cache
RAM ( Random Access Memory )- It is called Random Access Memory
because any of the data in RAM can be accessed just as fast as any of the other
data.
There are two types of RAM:
– DRAM (Dynamic Random Access Memory)

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 – SRAM (Static Random Access Memory)

BASIS FOR SRAM DRAM

COMPARISON
Speed Faster Slower
Size Small Large
Cost Expensive Cheap
Used in Used in Main memory
Density Less dense Highly dense
Construction Complex and uses Simple and uses
transistors and latches capacitors and very few
transistors.
Single block of memory 6 transistors Only one transistor.
requires
Charge leakage property Not present Present hence require
power refresh circuitry
Power consumption Low High

ROM

 This memory is used as the computer begins to boot up.

 Small programs called firmware are often stored in ROM chips on
hardware devices (like a BIOS chip), and they contain instructions the
computer can use in performing some of the most basic operations
required to operate hardware devices.
 ROM memory cannot be easily or quickly overwritten or modified.
CACHE

 Cache is a high-speed access area that can be either a reserved section of

main memory or a storage device.
 Most computers today come with L3 cache or L2 cache, while older
computers included only L1 cache.

Secondary Storage

 It is not directly accessible by the CPU

 Computer usually uses its input/output channels to access secondary
storage and transfers the desired data using intermediate area in primary
storage. `
Example: – Hard disk

HARD DISK

 The hard disk drive is the main, and usually largest, data storage device in a
computer.
 It can store anywhere from 160 gigabytes to 2 terabytes.
 Hard disk speed is the speed at which content can be read and written on a
hard disk.
 A hard disk unit comes with a set rotation speed varying from 4500 to 7200
rpm.
 Disk access time is measured in milliseconds.

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 Examples of Storage Device
Magnetic Storage Device – one of the most popular types of storage used.

o Floppy diskette – A normal 3 ½ inch disk can store 1.44 MB of data.

o Hard drive – An internal hard drive is the main storage device in a
computer. An external hard drive is also known as removable hard
drive. It is used to store portable data and backups.
o Magnetic strip – Magnetic tape drive stores video and audio using
magnetic tape, like tape and video tape recorders.
o Cassette tape – A magnetic storage device used for audio recording
and playback.
o Zip diskette – Like a floppy diskette but more advanced.
Optical Storage Device – uses lasers and lights as its mode of saving and
retrieving data

o Blu-ray disc – A digital optical storage device which was intended to

replace the DVD format
o CD-ROM disc – An optical storage device that is read-only or cannot
be modified nor deleted.
o CD-R and CD-RW disc – CD-R is a recordable disc that can be written
to once, while CD-RW is a rewritable disc that can be written to
multiple times.
o DVD-R, DVD+R, DVD-RW and DVD+RW disc – DVD-R and DVD+R are
recordable discs that can be written to once, while DVD-RW and
DVD+RW are rewritable discs that can be written to multiple times.
The difference between the + and – is in the formatting and
compatibility.
Flash Memory Device – is now replacing magnetic storage device as it is
economical, more functional and dependable

o Memory card – An electronic flash memory device used to store digital

information and commonly used in mobile electronic devices.
o Memory stick – A memory card that is removable.
o SSD – Solid State Drive – A flash memory device that uses integrated
circuit assemblies to save data steadily.
o USB flash drive – A small, portable storage device connected through
the USB port.
Online and Cloud – is now becoming widespread as people access data from
different devices.

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 o Cloud storage – Data is managed remotely and made available over a
network. Basic features are free to use but upgraded version is paid
monthly as a per consumption rate
o Network media – Audio, Video, Images or Text that are used on a
computer network. A community of people create and use the content
shared over the internet.
Paper Storage – method used by early computers for saving information.

o OMR – stands for Optical Mark Recognition – A process of

capturing marked data of human from forms like surveys and tests. It
is used to read questionnaires with multiple choices that are shaded
o Punch card – A piece of hard paper used to contain digital
information coming from the perforated holes. The presence or
absence of holes in predetermined positions define the data.

What’s More

Read and answer each question concisely

1. Differentiate Data and Information in not less than 5 sentences.

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2. Compare and contrast the three Categories of software.

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3. Differentiate the two types of storage

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 What I Have Learned

Read and answer each question concisely

1. What do you think is the positive impact of the Internet in education?

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2. Without software do you think our devices will function? Why?

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3. Why do we need to process raw data into information?

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4. Do think knowing the right storage devices suited for our need is important?
Why?
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 What I Can Do

Activity1.

Paste in the blank (cut picture) with the correct answer of each one described.

1. Usually the largest, data storage device in a

computer.

2. Is now replacing magnetic storage device as it is

economical, more functional and dependable.

3. A digital optical storage device which was intended

to replace the DVD format.

4. An optical storage device that is read-only or cannot

be modified nor deleted

5. A small, portable storage device connected through

the USB port

Activity2.

Give at least five (5) Examples of unorganized Facts that can be processed into
useful information. The first one is done for you.

Unorganized Facts Useful Information

1. No. of hours rendered, Payroll reports

other deduction

2.

3.

4.

5.

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Activity3.

Identification. Write SS if the software is an example of a System Software, AS for

Application Software, and PL for Programming Languages.

1. Windows 7
2. Microsoft Excel
3. Machine Language
4. Ubuntu
5. Counter Strike

Assessment

Test I. MULTIPLE CHOICES

Direction: Read each questions carefully and write the letter of the best answer.
1. A computer that delivers requested webpages to your computer or mobile
device.
a. Web browser c. web server
b. web page d. website
2. This is the result of the processing function a computer must then produce
and present the information into a format acceptable to the user.
a. Input c. Process
b. Output d. Storage
3. A device that usually uses its input/output channels to access and transfer
the desired data using intermediate area in primary storage.
a. Primary storage c. ROM
b. RAM d. Secondary storage
4. This step initially gathers and prepares data to be enter into a computer for
processing.
a. Input c. Process
b. Output d. Storage
5. A worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses,
government agencies, educational institutions, and individuals
a. Internet c. web page
b. web browser d. website
6. It is defined as a collection of raw and unprocessed facts.
a. Data c. Information
b. Data Processing d. Software
7. Software that controls application processing and hardware resources of the
computer system such as memory, disk space, and peripheral devices.
a. Application software c. Software
b. Database software d. System Software
8. This is the operation of manipulating and transforming data into useful
information. The data is manipulated and changed in this step
a. Input c. Processing
b. Output d. Storage
9. It is defined as a set of instruction that tell the computer what to do.
a. Application software b. Database software

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 c. Software d. System Software
10.A collection of programs that perform a variety of tasks or functions. It
involves communicating with the disk drives, etc., and other peripheral
devices.
a. Application software
b. Operating system
c. Software
d. System Software.

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 Additional Activities

Using the Venn diagram Compare and Contrast Primary Storage and Secondary
Storage Devices
 Answer Key

References

Storage Devices
https://teachcomputerscience.com/storage-devices/
Level of Programming Languages
https://www.learnpick.in/prime/documents/ppts/details/664/generation-of-
computer-programming-languages
Data Processing
https://www.talend.com/resources/what-is-data-processing/

https://www.slideshare.net/danielmanaog14/k12-module-in-tle-ict-grade-9-all-
gradings
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

D epartment of Educatio n – SOCCS KSARGEN

Learning Resource Management System (LRMS)

Regional Center, Brgy. Carpenter Hill, City of Koronadal

Telefax No.: (083) 2288825/ (083) 2281893

Ema i l Address: region12@deped.gov.ph