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8. RAM is a volatile memory used for temporary storage while a program is running.
ANS: T
9. The Python language uses a compiler which is a program that both translates and executes the
instructions in a high-level language.
ANS: F
10. IDLE is an alternative method to using a text editor to write, execute, and test a Python program.
ANS: T
MULTIPLE CHOICE
2. Which of the following is considered to be the world's first programmable electronic computer?
a. IBM
b. Dell
c. ENIAC
d. Gateway
ANS: C
3. Where does a computer store a program and the data that the program is working with while the
program is running?
a. in main memory
b. in the CPU
c. in secondary storage
d. in the microprocessor
ANS: A
4. What type of volatile memory is usually used only for temporary storage while running a program?
a. ROM
b. TMM
c. RAM
d. TVM
ANS: C
5. Modern CPUs are much _______________ than the CPUs of early computers.
a. larger and more powerful
b. smaller and more powerful
c. less powerful
d. slower
ANS: B
6. Which computer language uses short words known as mnemonics for writing programs?
a. Assembly
b. Java
c. Pascal
d. Visual Basic
ANS: A
7. The process known as the __________ cycle is used by the CPU to execute instructions in a program.
a. decode-fetch-execute
b. decode-execute-fetch
c. fetch-decode-execute
d. fetch-execute-decode
ANS: C
10. The encoding technique used to store negative numbers in the computer's memory is called
a. Unicode
b. ASCII
c. floating-point notation
d. two's complement
ANS: D
11. The __________ coding scheme contains a set of 128 numeric codes that are used to represent
characters in the computer's memory.
a. Unicode
b. ASCII
c. ENIAC
d. two's complement
ANS: B
13. What is the largest value that can be stored in one byte?
a. 255
b. 128
c. 8
d. 65535
ANS: A
14. The disk drive is a secondary storage device that stores data by __________ encoding it onto a
spinning circular disk.
a. electrically
b. magnetically
c. digitally
d. optically
ANS: B
15. A __________ has no moving parts and operates faster than a traditional disk drive.
a. DVD drive
b. solid state drive
c. jumper drive
d. hyper drive
ANS: B
16. Which of the following is not a major component of a typical computer system?
a. the CPU
b. main memory
c. the operating system
d. secondary storage devices
ANS: C
MULTIPLE RESPONSE
1. Select all that apply. To create a Python program you can use
a. a text editor
b. a word processor if you save your file as a .docx
c. IDLE
d. Excel
ANS: A, C
COMPLETION
ANS: program
2. The term ___________ refers to all the physical devices that make up a computer.
ANS: hardware
3. The __________ is the part of the computer that actually runs programs and is the most important
component in a computer.
ANS: magnetically
ANS: Microprocessors
6. __________ is a type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time, even when there is no
power to the computer.
9. The Python __________ is a program that can read Python programming statements and execute them.
ANS: interpreter
10. In __________ mode, the interpreter reads the contents of a file that contains Python statements and
executes each statement.
ANS: script
Other documents randomly have
different content
island called Kaikander.[95] The distance run was 400 stadia.
Towards daybreak they came to another island which was inhabited,
and anchored thereon. Nearkhos notices that there is here a fishery
for pearl as there is in the Indian Sea.[96] Having sailed along the
shores of the promontory in which this island terminates, a distance
of about 40 stadia, they came to an anchor upon its shores. The
next anchorage was in the vicinity of a lofty hill called Okhos, where
the harbour was well sheltered and the inhabitants were fishermen.
[97] Weighing thence they ran a course of 400 stadia, which brought
them to Apostana, where they anchored. At this station they saw a
great many boats, and learned that at a distance of 60 stadia from
the shore there was a village. From Apostana they weighed at night,
and proceeded 400 stadia to a bay, on the borders of which many
villages were to be seen. Here the fleet anchored under the
projection of a cape which rose to a considerable height.[98] Palm-
trees and other fruit-bearing trees similar to those of Greece,
adorned the country round. On weighing thence they sailed in a line
with the coast, and after a course of somewhere about 600 stadia
reached Gôgana, which was an inhabited place, where they
anchored at the mouth of a winter torrent called the Areôn. It was
difficult to anchor, for the approach to the mouth of the river was by
a narrow channel, since the ebbing of the tide had left shoals which
lay all round in a circle.[99] Weighing thence they gained, after
running as many as 800 stadia, the mouth of another river called the
Sitakos, where also it was troublesome to anchor. Indeed all along
the coast of Persis the fleet had to be navigated through shoals and
breakers and oozy channels. At the Sitakos they took on board a
large supply of provisions, which under orders from the king had
been collected expressly for the fleet. They remained at this station
one-and-twenty days in all, occupied in repairing and kareening the
ships, which had been drawn on shore for the purpose.[100]
XXXIX. Weighing thence they came to an inhabited district with a
town called Hieratis, after accomplishing a distance of 750 stadia.
They anchored in a canal which drew its waters from a river and
emptied into the sea, and was called Heratemis.[101] Weighing next
morning about sunrise, and sailing by the shore, they reached a
winter torrent called the Padargos, where the whole place was a
peninsula, wherein were many gardens and all kinds of trees that
bear fruit. The name of the place was Mesambria.[102] Weighing
from Mesambria and running a course of about 200 stadia, they
reach Taôkê on the river Granis, and there anchor. Inland from this
lay a royal city of the Persians, distant from the mouths of the river
about 200 stadia.[103] We learn from Nearkhos that on their way to
Taôkê a stranded whale had been observed from the fleet, and that
a party of the men having rowed alongside of it, measured it and
brought back word that it had a length of 50 cubits. Its skin, they
added, was clad with scales to a depth of about a cubit, and thickly
clustered over with parasitic mussels, barnacles, and seaweed. The
monster, it was also noticed, was attended by a great number of
dolphins, larger than are ever seen in the Mediterranean. Weighing
from Taôkê they proceeded to Rhogonis, a winter torrent, where
they anchored in a safe harbour.[104] The course thither was one of
200 stadia. Weighing thence, and running 400 stadia, they arrived at
another winter torrent, called Brizana, where they land and form an
encampment. They had here difficulty in anchoring because of
shoals and breakers and reefs that showed their heads above the
sea. They could therefore enter the roads only when the tide was
full; when it receded, the ships were left high and dry.[105] They
weighed with the next flood tide, and came to anchor at the mouth
of a river called the Arosis, the greatest, according to Nearkhos, of
all the rivers that in the course of his voyage fell into the outer
ocean.[106]
XL. The Arosis marks the limit of the possessions of the Persians,
and divides them from the Susians. Above the Susians occurs an
independent race called the Uxians, whom I have described in my
other work (Anab. VII. 15, 3) as robbers. The length of the Persian
coast is 4,400 stadia. Persis, according to general report, has three
different climates,[107] for that part of it which lies along the
Erythræan sea, is sandy and barren from the violence of the heat,
while the part which succeeds enjoys a delightful temperature, for
there the mountains stretch towards the pole and the North wind,
and the region is clothed with verdure and has well-watered
meadows, and bears in profusion the vine and every fruit else but
the olive, while it blooms with gardens and pleasure parks of all
kinds, and is permeated with crystal streams and abounds with
lakes, and lake and stream alike are the haunts of every variety of
water-fowl, and it is also a good country for horses and other yoke
cattle, being rich in pasture, while it is throughout well-wooded and
well-stocked with game. The part, however, which lies still further to
the North is said to be bleak and cold, and covered with snow, so
that, as Nearkhos tells us, certain ambassadors from the Euxine Sea,
after a very brief journey, met Alexander marching forward to Persis,
whereat Alexander being greatly surprised, they explained to him
how very inconsiderable the distance was.[108] 1 have already stated
that the immediate neighbours to the Susians are the Uxians, just as
the Mardians, a race of robbers, are next neighbours to the Persians,
and the Kossaeans to the Medes. All these tribes Alexander subdued,
attacking them in the winter time when their country was, as they
imagined, inaccessible. He then founded cities to reclaim them from
their wandering life, and encouraged them to till their lands and
devote themselves to agriculture. At the same time he appointed
magistrates armed with the terrors of the law to prevent them
having recourse to violence in the settlement of their quarrels. On
weighing from the Arosis the expedition coasted the shores of the
Susians. The remainder of the voyage, Nearkhos says, he cannot
describe with the same precision; he can but give the names of the
stations and the length of the courses, for the coast was full of
shoals and beset with breakers which spread far out to sea, and
made the approach to land dangerous. The navigation thereafter
was of course almost entirely restricted to the open sea. In
mentioning their departure from the mouth of the river where they
had encamped on the borders of Persis, he states that they took
there on board a five days’ supply of water, as the pilots had brought
to their notice that none could be procured on the way.
XLI. A course of 500 stadia having been accomplished, their next
anchorage was in an estuary, which swarmed with fish, called
Kataderbis, at the entrance of which lay an island called Margastana.
[109], They weighed at daybreak, the ships sailing out in single file
through shoals. The direction of the shoal was indicated by stakes
fixed both on the right and the left side, just as posts are erected as
signals of danger in the passage between the island of Leukadia and
Akarnania to prevent vessels grounding on the shoals. The shoals of
Leukadia, however, are of firm sand, and it is thus easy to float off
vessels should they happen to strand, but in this passage there is a
deep mud on both sides of such tenacity that if vessels once touched
the bottom, they could not by any appliances be got off; for, if they
thrust poles into the mud to propel the vessels, these found no
resistance or support, and the people who got overboard to ease
them off into navigable water found no footing, but sunk in the mud
higher than the waist. The fleet proceeded 600 stadia, having such
difficulties of navigation to contend with, and then came to an
anchor, each crew remaining in their own vessel, and taking their
repast on board. From this anchorage they weighed in the night,
sailing on in deep water till about the close of the ensuing day,
when, after completing a course of 900 stadia, they dropped anchor
at the mouth of the Euphrates near a town in Babylonia called
Diridôtis—the emporium of the sea-borne trade in frankincense and
all the other fragrant productions of Arabia.[110] The distance from
the mouth of the Euphrates up stream to Babylon is, according to
Nearkhos, 3,300 stadia.
XLII. Here intelligence having been received that Alexander was
marching towards Sousa, they retraced their course from Diridôtis so
as to join him by sailing up the Pasitigris. They had now Sousis on
their left hand, and were coasting the shores of a lake into which the
Tigris empties itself, a river, which flowing from Armenia past
Nineveh, a city once of yore great and flourishing, encloses between
itself and the Euphrates the tract of country which from its position
between the two rivers is called Mesopotamia. It is a distance of 600
stadia from the entrance into the lake up to the river’s mouth at
Aginis, a village in the province of Sousis, distant from the city of
Sousa 500 stadia. The length of the voyage along the coast of the
Sousians to the mouth of the Pasitigris was 2,000 stadia.[111]
Weighing from the mouth of this river they sailed up its stream
through a fertile and populous country, and having proceeded 150
stadia dropped anchor, awaiting the return of certain messengers
whom Nearkhos had sent off to ascertain where the king was.
Nearkhos then presented sacrifices to the gods their preservers, and
celebrated games, and full of gladness were the hearts of all that
had taken part in the expedition. The messengers having returned
with tidings that Alexander was approaching, the fleet resumed its
voyage up the river, and anchored near the bridge by which
Alexander intended to lead his army to Sousa. In that same place
the troops were reunited, when sacrifices wore offered by Alexander
for the preservation of his ships and his men, and games were
celebrated. Nearkhos, whenever he was seen among the troops, was
decorated by them with garlands and pelted with flowers. There also
both Nearkhos and Leonnatos were crowned by Alexander with
golden diadems—Nearkhos for the safety of the expedition by sea,
and Leonnatos for the victory which he had gained over the
O r e i t a i and the neighbouring barbarians. It was thus that the
expedition which had begun its voyage from the mouths of the
Indus was brought in safety to Alexander.
A
Abalitês, 51, 54, 55, 57
Aberia or Abiria, 113
Abhira, 114
Abolla, 38
Abu-Fatima C., 43
Abu-Shahr, see Bushire.
Acharê, 129
Adel, 53
Aden, see Eudaimôn-Arabia.
Adouli, 12-39 passim, 45-49
Adramitae, 87
Agbor R., 177 n.
Aginis, 161, 220, 221 n.
Agriophagoi, 43
Agrisa, see Agrispolis.
Agrispolis, 194 n.
Abile C., 59
Ahwaz, 161
Aigialos, 126
Aigidioi, 130
Aii, 134, 139
Akabah G., 74
Akabarou, 127
Akannai, 21, 54, 58, 59
Akesinês R. (Chenâb R.), 150, 170, 171
Alabagium C., see Alambator.
Alabaster, 34
Alalaiou Is., 48, 49
Alambator C., 191 n.
Alexander, Port of, see Karâchi.
Alexander the Great, passim.
Alexandria, 76
Aloes, 15, 93, 94
Anamis R., 159 n., 202 n., 207
Ananis R., see Anamis R.
Andanis R., see Anamis R.
Angediva Is., 130
Anger Is., 210 n.
Annesley B., 45, 48, 49
Antarah C., 68
Antigonê, 41
Aparântikâ, 113
Apokopa, 62, 65, 66, 67
Apollodotos, 121
Apollophanês, 182 n.
Apologos, 10-38 passim., 103, 104
Apostana, 212 n., 213
Arabah C. & B., 106, 187
Arabii, 177 n.
Arakhosioi, 121, 186, 208 n.
Arâstrâs or Aratti, 121
Aratrioi, 120
Arbitae, 106
Areôn R., 213 n.
Argalou, 14, 29, 140
Argaric G., 142
Argeirou, 142
Argyre Is., 147
Ariakê, 13-39 passim., 52, 64, 112, 114
Ariakê Sadinôn, 127
Arii, 121, 186
Arkhias, 169, 191, 192
Armagara, 129
Aroatis R., see Arosis R.
Arômata C., 59, 62, 91, 138
Arômata (a mart), 59
Arosapes R., 183 n.
Arosis R., 160, 216 n., 218
Arsenic, 30
Arsinoê (Suez), 39, 40
Arsinoê (in Barbaria), 50
Arusaces R., see Arosapes R.
Asaboi M., 102, 103
Asîdah C., 86
Asikh, 98
Asir C., 58-60
Asmak, 46
Astakapra, 115, 117
Astola or Ashtola Is., 188 n.
Atramitae, see Adramitae.
Attanae, 84, 85
Aualités, 12-37 passim., 50, 53, 83
Aurangâbâd, 125
Ausera, 95
Auxumê, 46
Axum, see Auxumê.
Axumitae, 5, 48
Azania (Ajan), 1-144 passim.
Azania, Courses of, 62, 66, 67
B
Bab-el Mandab Straits, 83
Babylon, 219, 221 n., 222
Badera or Bodera, see Barna.
Badis, 181, 200
Baghwar Dasti R., 193 n.
Bagia C., 193
Bagisara, 106, 187
Bagradas R., 212 n., 213 n., 215 n.
Bahar R., 179 n.
Bahrein Is., 103
Baiônês Is., 116
Bakare, 131, 134
Bakkar, 109
Baktria, 12, 148
Baktrianoi, 121
Ba-l-hâf C., 87
Balita, 140
Balômon, 190
Baltipatna, 129
Bammala, 140
Bandâ R., 129
Bandar Barthe, 58
Bandel-caus C., 62
Bankut, 129
Banna, 63
Barakê G., 111, 112
Barbara, see Berbera.
Barbarei, 108
Barbaria, 42, 43, 62
Barbarikon, 12-38 passim, 108, 115
Bargusoi, 145
Baricaza, 57
Barna, 190
Barousai, 145
Barugaza, 10, 39 passim, 64, 78, 88, 96, 116-120
Barugaza G., 112, 117
Basra, 103
Batinah, 100, 101
Bdellium, 16
Becare, 131, 134
Bênda R., 128
Berbera, 58
Berenîkê, 1, 3, 9, 41, 42, 74, 75, 78
Berenîkê (in Barbaria), 50
Betel, 23, 25
Bharoch, see Barugaza.
Bhaunagar, 115
Bhusâl R., see Tomêros R.
Bibakta Is., 159, 177
Biblos Is., see Bibakta Is.
Binagara, see Minnagar.
Birkeh, 100
Bombarak C., 200
Bonah, 59
Bore (of rivers), 119, 120, 157
Boshavir R., see Kisht.
Boukephalos Alexandreia, 121
Brass, 31
Brisoana R., 214 n., 215 n.
Brizana R., 216 n.
Brokt Is., 202 n.
Bubian Is., 219
Bunah Is., 218
Bunth R., 194 n.
Burnt Island, 78
Busheab Is., 212 n.
Butter, 12
Buzantion, 127, 129
C
Cael, 141
Caelobothras, 6, 131
Calaeou Insulae, 101
Calcutta, 20
Cannibals, 146
Canary Is., 20
Carfouna, 57
Carthage, 223
Ceylon, see Taprobanê.
Chaubar B., 193 n.
Chauggan, 148
Chaul, 113, 128
Chênval, 128
Chewabad, see Churber.
Chimûla, 128 n.
China, 188 n.
Choaspes R., 220 n.
Choda R., 129
Chryse Is., 147
Chrysolite, 37
Churber B., 190 n.
Cinnabar, 15, 19, 94
Cinnamon, 18, 19
Coast Little and Great, 66
Colcis Indorum, 141
Comorin C., 125, 137, 139
Copper, 32
Cottonara, 131
D
Dabil, 110
Dagasira, 194
Dahra Ahbân, 212 n.
Dakhan, 124
Dakhinabadês, 124
Dakshinâpatha, 124
Damirike, 126
Damnia Is., 160
Daphnôn, 59
Daphnous, 53, 61
Debal, 129
Deirê or Dêrê, 51, 54, 60
Deimakhos, 154
Delgado C., 73
Dendrobosa, 190
Ḍeri Is., 218 n.
Desarênê, 12, 145
Dêvagiri or Deogarh, 125
Deymâniyeh Is., 100
Dhafur or Dofar, 80, 81, 97
Diamonds, 33
Dimurikê, 12-29 passim. 94, 96, 121, 126
Djerun Is., see Ormus Is.,
Diodôros, Is., 47, 48
Diodôrus Is., Perim, 57, 82, 83
Dioskoridês Is., 15, 26, 27, 29, 91-93
Diospolis, 27, 34, 50, 53
Dîsâ, 16
Diset Is., see Diodôros Is.
Domai Is., 178 n.
Dorak R., 218 n.
Dôsarôn R., 145
Drachmai, 121, 122
Dragon’s-Blood, 94
Drangiani, 186
E
Eden, 84
Eirinon G., 111
Eiros M., 158, 177, 178 n.
Elanitic Gulf, 9, 47, 74
El Bab Straits, 102
Eleazos, 87
Elephant C., 58
Elephant M., 54, 58, 61
Elephant R., 59
Elephantinê, 45
Elephantophagoi, 44, 51
Elisarôn, 81
El Kilhat, 101
Elurâ, 125
Epideirês, 57
Epiodôros, 14, 140, 142
Epiphi (July), 64, 110, 124, 138
Er-rib Is., 44
Erythræan Sea—its extent, 1, 209 n., 222 n.,
why so called, 209 n.
Erythrês, 202 n., 209
Esan, 88
Essina, 67
Esvautgadh, 129
Etesian Winds, 138, 174 n.
Eudaimôn-Arabia (Aden), 6, 84-86, 138
Eulæus R., 103, 220 n., 161
Eumenês, Grove of, 57
Euphrates R., 10, 219, 220
Eynounah, 75
F
Fartak C., 10, 91, 95
Felix or Felles M., see Elephant M.
Filik C., 58
Fillam C., 101
Fluor-spath, 34, 35
Foul Bay, 42
Frankincense, 21, 90, 97
Fuggem C., 194 n.
G
Galla, 66
Gandarioi, 121
Gangê, 14, 23, 25, 146
Ganges R., 146
Gaza (Bandar Gazim), 57
Gedrosia, 10, 16, 186, 199
Gêrsappa, Falls of, 130
Ghalla or Cella, 84
Ghâra R., 176 n.
Ghodabandar, 129
Ghubet-al-Kamar, 86
Ghunse C., 191
Girishk, 194 n.
Glass, 36, 37
Goa, 129
Goaris R., 127
Godâvarî R., 144
Godem C., 194 n.
Gôgana, 213 n.
Gold, 33
Gold-stone, 33, 122
Govind R., see Juba R.
Graai (Alligators), 108
Granis R., 215 n.
Guadel C., 106, 191
Guardafui C., 9, 10, 58
Guesele, 57
Gujarât, 34, 113, 114
Gwattar B., 193 n.
H
Hadâs R., 48
Hadhramaut, 21, 87
Hafûn C., 64, 65
Haidarâbâd, 156
Halanî Is., 87
Hanfelah B., 35, 49
Hanjam Is., see Angar Is.
Hanno, 223
Harkânâ, 181 n.
Harmozeia, 159, 202 n.
Hâsek, 98, 99
Hassani Is., 75
Hastakavapra, see Astakapra.
Hâthab, see Astakapra.
Hauara, 75
Haur, 177 n.
Hazine (Ajan), 65, 66
Hejid, 77
Heroöpolite Gulf, 40
Heptanêsia, 130
Heratemis, 214