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 ANS: F

10. IDLE is an alternative method to using a text editor to write, execute, and test a Python program.

ANS: T

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. Programs are commonly referred to as

a. system software
b. software
c. application software
d. utility programs
ANS: B

2. Which of the following is considered to be the world's first programmable electronic computer?
a. IBM
b. Dell
c. ENIAC
d. Gateway
ANS: C

3. Where does a computer store a program and the data that the program is working with while the
program is running?
a. in main memory
b. in the CPU
c. in secondary storage
d. in the microprocessor
ANS: A

4. What type of volatile memory is usually used only for temporary storage while running a program?
a. ROM
b. TMM
c. RAM
d. TVM
ANS: C

5. Which of the following is not a microprocessor manufacturing company?

a. Intel
b. Dell
c. AMD
d. Motorola
ANS: B

6. Which computer language uses short words known as mnemonics for writing programs?
a. Assembly
 b. Java
c. Pascal
d. Visual Basic
ANS: A

7. The process known as the __________ cycle is used by the CPU to execute instructions in a program.
a. decode-fetch-execute
b. decode-execute-fetch
c. fetch-decode-execute
d. fetch-execute-decode
ANS: C

8. Which language is referred to as a low-level language?

a. C++
b. Assembly language
c. Java
d. Python
ANS: B

9. The following is an example of an instruction written in which computer language?

10110000
a. Assembly language
b. Java
c. machine language
d. C#
ANS: C

10. The encoding technique used to store negative numbers in the computer's memory is called
a. Unicode
b. ASCII
c. floating-point notation
d. two's complement
ANS: D

11. The __________ coding scheme contains a set of 128 numeric codes that are used to represent
characters in the computer's memory.
a. Unicode
b. ASCII
c. ENIAC
d. two's complement
ANS: B

12. The smallest storage location in a computer's memory is known as a

a. byte
b. ketter
c. switch
 d. bit
ANS: D

13. What is the largest value that can be stored in one byte?
a. 255
b. 128
c. 8
d. 65535
ANS: A

14. The disk drive is a secondary storage device that stores data by __________ encoding it onto a
spinning circular disk.
a. electrically
b. magnetically
c. digitally
d. optically
ANS: B

15. A __________ has no moving parts and operates faster than a traditional disk drive.
a. DVD drive
b. solid state drive
c. jumper drive
d. hyper drive
ANS: B

16. Which of the following is not a major component of a typical computer system?
a. the CPU
b. main memory
c. the operating system
d. secondary storage devices
ANS: C

17. Which type of error prevents the program from running?

a. syntax
b. human
c. grammatical
d. logical
ANS: A

18. What is the decimal value of the following binary number?

10011101
a. 157
b. 8
c. 156
d. 28
ANS: C
MULTIPLE RESPONSE

1. Select all that apply. To create a Python program you can use
a. a text editor
b. a word processor if you save your file as a .docx
c. IDLE
d. Excel
ANS: A, C

COMPLETION

1. A(n) ___________ is a set of instructions that a computer follows to perform a task.

ANS: program

2. The term ___________ refers to all the physical devices that make up a computer.

ANS: hardware

3. The __________ is the part of the computer that actually runs programs and is the most important
component in a computer.

ANS: central processing unit, CPU

4. A disk drive stores data by __________ encoding it onto a circular disk.

ANS: magnetically

5. __________ are small central processing unit chips.

ANS: Microprocessors

6. __________ is a type of memory that can hold data for long periods of time, even when there is no
power to the computer.

ANS: Secondary storage

7. Main memory is commonly known as __________.

ANS: random-access memory, RAM

8. USB drives store data using __________ memory.

ANS: flash

9. The Python __________ is a program that can read Python programming statements and execute them.

ANS: interpreter
10. In __________ mode, the interpreter reads the contents of a file that contains Python statements and
executes each statement.

ANS: script
Other documents randomly have
different content
as was Penn’s confidence in James’ good faith, he could
not blind himself to the ever-increasing distrust and
dissatisfaction with which his subjects regarded him.
Not only did he openly practise the rites of his religion,
having a magnificent chapel built near the palace for the
observance of Catholic worship, but he also instituted
several monastic orders, while the Jesuits were
permitted such influence at court that it was generally
feared an attempt would be made to introduce that
religion as the state form of worship. This suspicion was
still further increased when in March, 1687, the King
summarily abolished all penal laws against dissenters,
including the so-called Test Act, which permitted none
but members of the established church to hold public
office of any kind. As this act had been originally framed
for the express purpose of excluding Catholics from the
government, its abolition naturally was regarded with
alarm.

Rejoiced as Penn was at the repeal of the hated laws 94

against dissenters, he felt it his duty to warn the King
against showing such open favor toward Catholicism,
urging him at the same time to secure the authority of
Parliament for these reforms. But James heeded neither
the warning nor the appeal and insisted on the exercise
of absolute power without reference to Parliament.
Fearing lest the abolition of some of the fundamental
national laws might follow in the same arbitrary manner,
a storm of protest followed and a general revolt seemed
imminent. Many eyes had already been turned toward
the King’s son-in-law, Prince William of Orange, as a
possible successor to the English throne, and at this
crisis the Prince, being even then in communication with
the malcontents in England, was approached with offers
as to the dethronement of James, offers which he had
no scruples in accepting.
On the fifth of November, 1688, he accordingly landed
on the English coast with a well-armed force and was
hailed with general acclamations, the troops hastily
collected by the King for his own defence also deserting
to his standard. On hearing this news James fled from
London, thinking to escape to France, but being
discovered on his way to the coast he was advised by
his friends to return to London. At the approach of the
Prince of Orange, however, he again fled, and this time
succeeded in reaching the shores of France in safety,
where he was willingly given shelter by his friend Louis
the Fourteenth.

On the twenty-second of January, 1689, the throne of 95

England was declared vacant by Parliament and the
Prince of Orange proclaimed King, as William the Third,
on subscribing to a law regulating the prerogatives of
the crown as well as the State and depriving the
sovereign of those rights which James had so arbitrarily
exercised of abolishing laws on his own absolute
authority or of interfering with their execution.

96
 Chapter VIII
Penn Tried for Treason and Acquitted—Withdrawal of Penn’s
Charter—Death of his Wife and Son—Second Marriage—
Journey to America—Penn’s Home—Attempts to Correct
Abuses—Returns to England and Encounters Fresh Dangers
—Penn in the Debtors’ Prison—Ingratitude of the Colonists

The flight of King James was the signal for the

departure of his friends and favorites also, but Penn
refused to leave the country in spite of urgent entreaties
from all sides to do so. Calm in the consciousness that
he had done nothing which was not for the honor and
welfare of England, he persisted in this determination
even when the houses of many who were supposed to
favor the fugitive King were burned by the populace.
When called upon by the council, which had assumed
the reins of government, to explain his relations with
James, he declared simply that his life had been
devoted to the service of his country and the Protestant
religion, that the King had been his father’s friend and
his own guardian, and that while he had always shown
him the respect and obedience due from a subject, he
had done nothing and should do nothing inconsistent
with his duty to God and his country.

On this frank declaration he was allowed to go free, 97

after giving a bond of six thousand pounds, until his
public trial should take place, at which he was later
acquitted. In spite of this, however, he was twice again
tried for treason, in one case even being accused of
complicity in a plot to restore James the Second to the
throne, but his innocence was so clearly proved and his
frank simplicity made so favorable an impression on his
judges and on the King as well, that in both cases he
was fully exonerated and discharged from custody.
Owing to his being still under suspicion, however, and
secretly watched, he was doubtless warned to remain
out of sight for a time, for except for some works of his
which were published at this period, even his friends
saw nothing of him for a space of two years. The
passage of a law framed by the new King
acknowledging the existence of dissenters and
forbidding their persecution in future rejoiced Penn
greatly, even though the Test Act still remained in force
and only members of the established church could enjoy
the full rights of citizenship. But other matters had
arisen in the meantime that caused him great
uneasiness.

War between France and England again seemed 98

inevitable, in which case the North American States
would be placed in a position of great danger, the
French having established such friendly relations with
the Indians that an alliance between them must be
expected. Under these circumstances it seemed
absolutely necessary for Penn to carry out the plan he
had long had in mind of returning to Pennsylvania to
protect the rights he had earned by such labor and
sacrifice. An unforeseen event, however, interfered for a
time with this intention, for on the tenth of March,
1692, a royal decree was issued placing both
Pennsylvania and New Jersey under the military
command of a Colonel Fletcher, who was to defend
them against the hostile tribes of Indians already on the
war-path. It came about in this way. The North
American provinces, already grown or growing into
States, having been made practically independent either
by gift or purchase during the preceding reigns, King
William determined to unite them again with the English
crown and thereby provide himself with part of the force
he needed for the war with France. As the Quakers of
Pennsylvania had shown no great haste to offer
allegiance to the new sovereign, Penn’s enemies had
taken advantage of this fact to urge the withdrawal of
his charter, and while Penn himself had no doubt that
this arbitrary measure would be revoked in the course
of time, and felt convinced that the money he had spent
in purchasing the land from the Indians, almost his
entire fortune, must constitute an indubitable claim to
the province, still the blow was a hard one and he found
himself in a by no means encouraging situation. Added
to this were family cares and anxieties, both his wife
and eldest son being seriously ill at the time.

Amid these troubles he was only sustained by his faith 99

in God and in the ultimate triumph of right, a faith
which was justified after some delay by the restoration
to him of his American province, the King, however,
reserving the right to defend it until the end of the war,
a condition to which Penn, being a Quaker, could
conscientiously make no objection.

Penn’s greatest anxiety now was to return to America,

but he was still detained in England by the condition of
his oldest son, who had developed consumption. Shortly
before this he had experienced the bitter sorrow of
losing Guli, his beloved wife, who for twenty-one years
had been the joy of his life. Being unable consequently
to leave England he arranged by permission of the
government to send a few trustworthy representatives
to Pennsylvania to protect his rights while he remained
to care for his sick son. After an illness of two years
Springett died, February 10, 1696, and the heartbroken
father exclaimed: “I have lost in him all that a father
can lose in a son.”

Penn was now left in sole care of his two remaining 100
children, Letty and William, the latter of whom,
resembling his grandfather more than his father in
character, needed judicious control. It was this fact
chiefly that induced Penn, then nearly fifty years old, to
marry again. At the beginning of the year 1696 he was
united to Hannah Callowhill of Bristol, a sensible, pious
woman, who presented him with six children and
outlived him several years. Still Penn found himself
unable to go back to Pennsylvania, which he had not
seen for thirteen years. For neither his wife nor his
daughter Letty, now grown to womanhood, could make
up their minds to follow him to America and leave their
native land, perhaps forever. As little would his son
William listen even to the idea of exchanging the
pleasures he enjoyed at home for the monotony of life
in Pennsylvania.

By the year 1699, however, the English government had

received so many complaints of mismanagement on the
part of Markham and Penn’s other representatives there
that Penn, fearing he might again be in danger of losing
his province, decided to make the move to America at
any cost, especially as the French war had been brought
to a close by the Peace of Ryswick and the usual
peaceful conditions might be expected again to exist in
Pennsylvania. Under these circumstances his wife and
daughter abandoned their opposition to the plan, but
young William still refusing to leave England, the family
were forced to sail without him. Owing to contrary
winds, the passage this time was a very long one,
lasting fully three months, a fortunate occurrence as it
proved, notwithstanding general complaints, for they
thereby escaped an epidemic of some malignant fever
which had caused great loss of life in Philadelphia.

Penn’s return to his province after an absence of fifteen 101

years was hailed with universal rejoicing, and now that
he had brought his family with him it was hoped he
would remain to watch over the people who had so long
been deprived of his fatherly care. It must indeed have
been a temptation to Penn to settle down here in peace
for the rest of his days, for his Pennsburg had now
grown into a most beautiful estate. The land chosen for
it by himself and Markham was superbly situated and
protected against any kind of attack by the Delaware
River, which almost entirely surrounded it, affording at
the same time a delicious coolness that made it
comfortable even in the intense heat of summer. The
house, which was built overlooking the river, was sixty
feet in length by forty in depth and was surrounded with
magnificent gardens, which were Penn’s special delight.
Beyond these stretched a fine park, left for the most
part in its natural wildness and filled with huge trees
whose interlacing branches formed a canopy overhead,
while here and there were artfully planned nooks and
bits of fine landscape gardening. The lower story of the
stately mansion was almost entirely taken up by a great
hall capable of accommodating the largest assemblies,
while the upper contained the living rooms, the
windows of which commanded a charming view across
the river to the wooded shores of New Jersey. The
extensive outbuildings included a fine stable, for Penn
was a great lover of horses, and on the water before
the house was moored a charming pleasure yacht for
excursions on the river. Penn’s wife and daughter were
equally pleased with this delightful home, and as the
master of the house was fond of having guests and
willingly permitted all innocent forms of amusement,
they found little reason to regret the change to which
they had found it so hard to reconcile themselves.

Penn himself, however, had little time to devote to 102

pleasure, for much and difficult work awaited him. First
of all it was necessary to rectify the evils which had
given rise to so much complaint, chief of which was the
introduction of contraband trade. He soon found that by
no means all the inhabitants of his colony shared his
disinterestedness or his loftiness of purpose. He met
with especial opposition in his efforts to better the
condition of the negro slaves. This traffic in human
beings had continued to flourish ever since his first visit
to America, for at that time its infamy was not
recognized. The blacks were looked upon as creatures
little above the brutes, to buy and sell whom was
perfectly legitimate. In the first constitution drawn up by
him, Penn had inserted an article stipulating that negro
servants should be freed after fourteen years of service,
provided they gave their former masters two-thirds of
all they produced from the land assigned to them,
failing which they were to return to servitude. This did
not prevent the continuation of slavery, however, the
legality or illegality of which being regarded as a
question which no reasonable man need trouble himself
about. The German settlers from the Rhine Palatinate
were the only ones to protest against it, and they
indeed left no stone unturned to secure support and
recognition for their cause. Penn’s attempts to introduce
a law for the benefit of the negroes therefore met with
such strong opposition from the assembly that he was
forced to abandon his benevolent plans until a more
favorable opportunity should occur. He kept no slaves
himself, preferring to hire those of his neighbors when
he needed their services.

The Indians were overjoyed at the return of the great 103

Onas, who immediately renewed the old friendly
relations with them. They had faithfully observed the
treaty concluded in 1682 and had fared so well in
consequence that other tribes which had then held aloof
were now eager to join the alliance, to which Penn
gladly agreed, as it would add in no small degree to the
safety of his province. After this ceremony had been
performed in the manner already described, Penn
entertained his new allies in the great hall of his
mansion, while they returned the hospitality by
performing some of their wild dances upon the lawn for
their host and his family.

Penn continued to labor unceasingly for the welfare not 104

only of his own, but also of the neighboring provinces
for two years, when once more he was interrupted by
the arrival of bad news from England. This was the
introduction of a bill into Parliament bringing all
proprietary governments under the control of the crown,
and it was with difficulty that Penn’s friends succeeded
in having the hearing deferred until he could return
from America. His presence in England therefore
seemed indispensable at this juncture and the assembly
of Pennsylvania urged him to lose no time. All necessary
measures of government were hastily arranged and
some alterations made in the constitution, but already it
had become painfully evident that the representatives of
the people were seeking their own advantage only and
paying little heed to the interests of the man to whom
they owed so much. They even refused to furnish the
means for his journey to England, though it was
undertaken entirely at their behest and in their interest,
and Penn was forced to depend on raising the necessary
money during his stay in London by the sale of some of
his lands.

His wife and daughter were glad enough to return to

England. The novelty and excitement of the new life had
worn away by this time and they hastened as much as
possible the preparations for departure. The Indians, on
the contrary, were bitterly disappointed when they
heard that the great Onas was to leave them again so
soon. They came from near and far to bid him farewell
and were only consoled by the assurance that during his
absence the same justice and friendship should be
shown them, to insure which Penn made both the
council and his deputy, Colonel Hamilton, personally
responsible. As a parting gift he presented the city of
Philadelphia with a deed of grant for the land on which
it stood, and after promising to send his son out at
once, that he might become familiar with the nature
and needs of the country over which he might one day
claim ownership, Penn left the shores of America, never
to return.
On his arrival in England, toward the end of 1701, he 105
found the situation by no means so bad as he had
feared. It had been merely a plot on the part of his
enemies to deprive him of his ownership of
Pennsylvania without any indemnification. Upon Penn’s
proving that he had relinquished a claim on ten
thousand pounds against the crown in exchange for his
patent, which document had been drawn up in the
proper legal form; that besides this he had acquired
undisputed possession of the land by subsequent
purchase from the Indians; and finally, that the interest
on that ten thousand pounds had by this time increased
it to more than double that sum, which must lawfully be
paid to him if he were deprived of his province, even
King William was forced to recognize the justice of his
cause and the proposed bill was abandoned, never to
be revived again.

Penn had not neglected to fulfil his promise to the 106

Pennsylvanians and immediately after his arrival had
ordered his son to leave as soon as possible for
Philadelphia; but it was with great reluctance that he
did so, for during his father’s absence the pleasure-
loving youth had abandoned himself to every form of
dissipation, to the great detriment not only of his health,
but of his pocket. To send him out to America alone
without restraint or guardianship of any kind meant
merely a continuation of his dissolute career, with
perhaps ruin and disgrace to the honorable name he
bore. Nor was the young man any better pleased with
the idea, and it was not till his father had opened his
eyes to the seriousness of the situation and agreed to
pay his debts that he yielded and promised to go
without further protest. Before he sailed Penn wrote to
some of the Friends in Philadelphia begging them to
watch over his son with fatherly care and solicitude. All
seemed to go well at first with young William. He
troubled himself little, to be sure, as to the province or
its affairs, preferring rather to spend his time in hunting
and fishing; but the evil spirit in him soon broke out
afresh, and he plunged once more into a life of wild
excess, defying all the laws of the country, and after he
had succeeded in squandering huge sums of money and
making himself thoroughly detested, he went back to
England, unbidden and unregretted.

The payment of these new debts contracted by his son 107

caused Penn great financial embarrassment, which was
still further increased by the unexpected and
extortionate demands of a creditor. This was the
successor of his former advocate and man of business,
who at the time of Penn’s first journey to America had
advanced him the sum of twenty-eight hundred pounds
in exchange for which and ostensibly as a mere matter
of form he had induced his unsuspecting client to sign a
bond pledging the whole province of Pennsylvania as
security. Now without any warning an account of
fourteen thousand pounds was sent in to Penn with the
threat that an attachment would be served if this sum
were not immediately paid. After investigating this
fraudulent account, he declared himself willing to settle
for some four thousand pounds, all to which the creditor
was justly entitled. This the latter refused to accept,
however, and the owner of Pennsylvania was forced to
go to a debtors’ prison as the assembly of that colony
refused to make him any advances or even pay the
revenues owing to him. In this emergency Penn offered
for the sum of twenty thousand pounds to sell his whole
province to Queen Anne, who, as the second daughter
of the dethroned King James the Second, had
succeeded to the throne on the death of William the
Third, in 1702. She refused to take it, however, and at
length he managed by great effort to raise between
seven and eight thousand pounds, with which his false
creditor finally agreed to content himself, Penn thereby
procuring release.

The long confinement had so seriously affected Penn’s

health that he now decided to leave London and moved
with his family to Brentford, some eight miles distant,
where he devoted himself entirely to his former vocation
of preaching the gospel throughout the country and
conducting meetings for his Quaker brethren. The
increasing infirmities of age, however, soon put an end
to these journeyings, Penn having now reached the age
of sixty-five, and in 1710, therefore, he retired to
Rushcombe in Buckinghamshire, where he remained
until his death.

From there he addressed a communication to the 108

settlers in Pennsylvania, reproaching them for the
ingratitude with which they had rewarded his labors and
sacrifices in their behalf. His last journey to England had
been taken solely in their interests to prevent the
absorption of that province by the crown, in which case
their existing constitution would have been abolished.
He had made every effort to accomplish this purpose, in
spite of their indifference, with the result that he had
become impoverished while they had grown rich; while
they, thanks to his foresight and perseverance, were in
possession of an empire, liberty, and power, and he, for
their sake and because of their avarice, had been forced
to languish in a debtors’ prison. He was forced to
conclude, therefore, that it was their wish to sever the
old relations hitherto existing between them and
himself, in which case, if they would signify their desire
by the choice of a successor, he would then know how
to act.

This letter did not fail to impress the conscience-stricken

Pennsylvanians. At the popular election which shortly
followed a new assembly was chosen in place of the one
that had proved so ungrateful to their benefactor, and it
was no small consolation to Penn, broken as he was by
trouble and ill health, that this new assembly
unanimously agreed on the passage of resolutions that
filled him with hope for the future of the province.

109
 Chapter IX
Death of his Dissolute Son William—Penn’s Last Illness and
Mental Decline—His Death and Will

The younger William Penn meanwhile had gone from

bad to worse, to the bitter disappointment of his father,
who after the untimely death of his first-born had
placed all his hopes on this unworthy son. After having
entirely estranged his family by his excesses, he entered
the army in defiance of his father’s principles, but
resigned soon after when an opening offered for
election to Parliament. Failing to accomplish this,
however, he abandoned his wife and children and went
to the continent, where he led a life of riotous
adventure in the various capitals till his death in 1720.

It may have been the arrival of some distressing news

about this degenerate son that led to the apoplectic
stroke with which Penn was seized early in the year
1712 and which in his feeble state of health was a
serious matter, although he rallied for a time sufficiently
to be able to occupy himself with colonial affairs. The
question of slavery was much on his mind. He had
become more and more convinced of its inhumanity and
sinfulness and had great hopes of securing its abolition,
as the untiring efforts of the German settlers had
secured the passage of a law forbidding the importation
of any more slaves.
This first stroke, however, was soon followed by two 110
more which left him a wreck physically and mentally.
The devoted care of his wife and children helped to
avert any immediate danger to his life, but the brilliant
mind was hopelessly shattered. He became like a child,
serene and peaceful fortunately, playing about the
house or garden most of the time with his own young
children and those of his son, whom with their deserted
mother he had taken into his own home at Rushcombe.
Occasionally there would be lucid moments when he
was able to converse intelligently, and then the placid
smile would vanish from his lips at the sight of his wife’s
care-worn face and the realization of the burdens she
had to bear not only in the management of family
affairs, but also to keep up the extensive
correspondence required by colonial matters.

In this condition Penn lived on for five long years,

sometimes able to recognize his old friends when they
came to see him and even exchange a few intelligible
words with them, but toward the end the power both of
speech and memory failed him. On the thirtieth of May,
1718, he passed away quietly and peacefully at the age
of seventy-four, after a life of ceaseless devotion to the
service of God and the welfare of humanity.

In a will made while still in full possession of his mental 111

faculties, Penn left the following directions: His son
William, having already squandered the money left him
by his deceased mother as her family inheritance, was
debarred from any share in the estate, the English
property, yielding at that time an annual revenue of
some fifteen hundred pounds, passing to his children
instead. To each of the grandchildren, as well as his
daughter Letty, he bequeathed ten thousand acres of
the best land still unsold in Pennsylvania, and after
disposing of enough more of this land to pay the
expenses of his burial, the remainder was to be divided
among his five children by his second wife, Hannah
Callowhill, who was made executor with an annuity of
three hundred pounds. The management of his colonial
affairs he entrusted to his two friends the Earls of
Oxford and Pawlett, with orders to dispose of his right
of possession on the most favorable terms possible,
either to the English crown or elsewhere, the proceeds
to be invested for the benefit of these children.

Penn had arranged his worldly affairs with his usual 112
wisdom and foresight. While it might appear by the
terms of the will that he had shown a preference for his
son William’s children by leaving them the English
property with its assured returns, his own receiving only
the doubtful American possessions which of late had
yielded a revenue of little more than five hundred
pounds a year, yet as a matter of fact it was quite the
reverse; for during the twenty years of peace and
prosperity that followed the French and Indian war the
value of the colonial property increased enormously. In
1797 the government of Pennsylvania paid the
descendants of William Penn the sum of one hundred
and thirty thousand pounds for their rights of
ownership, exclusive of all personal properties, as well
as back-standing payments and rents due from the sale
of lands left them by the founder of the State; while in
England they also received the additional sum of five
hundred thousand pounds voted by Parliament as
indemnity for the losses suffered by him.

The body of William Penn was laid to rest beside those

of his first wife and their eldest son in the quiet
churchyard of the village of Jordan in Buckinghamshire.
Hundreds came from far and near to pay their last
respects to the noble Quaker, and it needed not the
eulogies pronounced over his grave to proclaim to the
world that a great and good man had passed away.

113
 APPENDIX
The following is a chronological statement of the more
important events in William Penn’s life:

1644 Birth
1658 Death of Oliver Cromwell
1659 Penn enters Oxford
1660 Expulsion from Oxford
1660 Visits Germany
1664 War between England and Holland
1665 Penn in the naval service
1667 Adopts the Quaker faith
1668 Begins preaching
1670 Penn’s arrest
1672 Marriage
1673 Fresh Quaker persecutions
1677 Visits Holland
1681 Royal cession of land to Penn
1682 Penn goes to America
1682 Founding of Philadelphia
1682 Treaty made with the Indians
1683 The new constitution accepted
1684 Penn returns to England
1685 Death of Charles the Second
 1688 Dethronement of James
1696 Second marriage
1699 Penn returns to America
1701 Penn goes back to England
1702 Penn imprisoned for debt
1710 Penn retires to private life
1718 Death of William Penn

LIFE STORIES FOR YOUNG PEOPLE

Translated from the German by

GEORGE P. UPTON

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