T. L. E.

9
COMPUTER SYSTEMS SERVICING

Quarter 1
Self-Learning Module 16
Requirements for Internet
Search

Writer: Neil O. Gagarino

Editors/Reviewer: Maria O. del Barrio
Jhoanna V. Navata
Maricel F. Azcarraga
 EXPECTATIONS

At the end of the learning period, the students should be able to:
A. discuss the requirements for internet search;
B. use basic functions in different browsers to locate information; and
C. enter appropriate search criteria/or URL, relevant links to locate the
required information.

PRETEST

Directions: Read the sentence carefully. Write TRUE if the statement is correct,
and FALSE if the statement is incorrect. Write your answer before the
number.

____________________1. Web browser is a software application for accessing

information on the World Wide Web.
___________________ 2. Also known as a web address, a URL (Uniform Result
Locator) a standardized naming convention for addressing
documents accessible over the Internet and Intranet.
____________________3. The "http" stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
_____________________4. A Link is short for hyperlink. It could be an image or any
HTML elements that direct you to a new page.
____________________5. When you bookmark a web page, you are creating a shortcut
for quick access to that web page and can be accessed anytime
even without internet

RECAP
As a short review, arrange the jumbled letters. Write your answer before the
number.
1. OMCUPERT PREHEPIARLS - refer to any external device that can
be connected to a computer that can provide input and output
information to your computer.
2. RTPIENR - An external hardware output device that takes the
electronic data stored on a computer or other device and generates
a hard copy of it.
3. SATOGER EVDICE – A hardware that is used to transfer and save
files or data.
 LESSON

Requirements for Internet Search

“Collect What You Need, Discard What You Don't Need”
Web searching can be a frustrating task. In a search engine, you enter a word
or phrase and comes to a stack of irrelevant information. The ability to refine your
search is what you need to learn to get exactly what you want on the net.
Strategies for finding the latest and most appropriate content include the
following:
● Use different search engine: get used in using multiple search engines as
they have different strengths.
● Use specific keywords: In searching, be as specific as you can.
● Simplify search terms: remove needless word stops and avoid suffixes.
● Use quotation marks: It narrows the searches for words and phrases in
particular.
● Remove unhelpful words: just remove confusing or misleading terms from
your searches with the - (minus) operator.
● Refine your search using operator: use an operator to search for specific
sites, related or relevant sites, and specific combinations of terms.
● Avoid pitfalls in searching: the internet is a selling tool as well as a fantastic
resource. Be sure you’re only looking at advertisements if you want to.

Browsers
A web browser (commonly referred to as a browser) is a software application
to obtain information on the World Wide Web. The web browser will retrieve the
necessary content from a web server and then display the page on the screen once a
user requests a web page from a specific website.
A search engine is not the same as a web browser although they are often
confused. Usually, a search engine is just a website, such as Google Search, Bing,
Yahoo, Yandex, or DuckduckGo, which stores searchable information about other
websites. A user must have a web browser installed to connect to a web server and
display its web pages.
Sir Tim Berners-Lee developed the first web browser, called the World Wide
Web in, 1990. On the year 1991 Nicola Pellow joined to write the Line Mode Browser
which showed the web pages on dumb terminals.
In 1995, Microsoft debuted Internet Explorer which led to a browser war with
Netscape. For two reasons, Microsoft was able to achieve a dominant position: it
bundled Internet Explorer with its iconic Microsoft Windows operating system and
did so as freeware without use restrictions.
In 1998, Netscape released what would become the Mozilla Framework, using
the open-source software model to build a new browser. Firefox achieved a 28% in
market share in 2011 which was first released by Mozilla in 2004.
 In 2003 Apple released its browser Safari. It remains the dominant browser
on Apple platforms, although not popular elsewhere.
Google launched its Chrome browser in 2008, since then, Chrome has
remained dominant.

Function of Web Browsers

1. To provide the user with resources or information when needed.
2. It processes user inputs in the form of URL like http://www.google.com in the
browser and allow access to that website.
3. It allows users to browse through the entire web page and view the source
code in HTML format.
4. It provides access to the data and service available on the network by the use
of encrypted methods. Web pages usually contain hyperlinks to other sites
and resources. To retrieve information by the user through a browser and URL
a link may help you to redirect to a new page or site.
5. It uses web page resources internal cache to improve loading times for
subsequent visits to the same page an internal cache of web page resources
to improve loading times for subsequent visits to the same page. Many items,
such as large images cache stored in the cache so they do not need to be
downloaded from the server.
6. It has incognito surfing that requires the use of firewalls and proxy servers to
avoid actions conducted by the user. It prevents the world from viewing the
activity and allows limited sharing to be done in incognito mode.
Privacy Rules
- Cookies received from various websites are stored by the browser while
browsing. Some have login credentials or preferences for the site. While others
used to monitor user activity over a long period, so browsers usually have
cookie removal settings when exiting the new window.
Features
1. It grants users to browse in a private mode and use bookmarks. Some of them
provide a sync service and can be customized with extensions.
2. It allows several pages to be opened simultaneously, either in different
browser windows or in separate tabs of the same window.
 3. It has a back and forward button to go back to the previous page you have
visited. The back button was originally invented around 1967 by Ted Nelson
at Brown University.
4. It has a reload and refresh button to restore the current tab.
5. It also has a stop button to cancel the page loading. (Stop button emerged with
reload button in some browser.)
6. It has a home button to get back to the home page of the user.
7. It has an address bar to input and display the page of the URL.
8. It has a search bar to input words. (The search bar emerged with the address
bar in some browsers.) Other browsers also offer distinct features. One
example is text-only browsers that can benefit slow Internet connection even
those with visual impairments.
Security
- Most hackers use the browser to destroy files, steal information, and other
malicious activities.
- Such security holes are frequently fixed by browser so users are strongly
encouraged to upgrade their browsers.
- Anti-virus software and the avoidance of suspected malicious websites are two
security measures.
URL
Otherwise known as a web address or URL stands for Uniform Resource
Locator. It is a structured naming convention for Internet and Intranet accessible
file address. An example of a URL is https://www.depedpasig.com which is the
website URL for the division of Pasig.
Additional information about the URL is listed below:

https://www.depedpasig.com/unnumbredmemo/wordpress.htm
Protocol Subdomain Domain& domain suffix Directories Web page

http:// or https://
- The "HTTP" stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol.
- It lets the browsers know which protocol they will use to access the
data specified in the domain.
- The "https" protocol is short for "Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure"
and indicates that the data transmitted through HTTP is encrypted
- HTTP or https is followed with colon (:) and two forward slashes (/)
that separate the protocol of the URL.
www
- "www" is the World Wide Web and is used to distinguish the content.
- This part of the URL is not required and might be left out.
- Typing http://www.depedpasig.com for instance will still get to the
DepEd Division of Pasig website.
- This portion of the address can also be substituted for an important
sub-page known as a subdomain.
Depedpasig.com
- The domain name for the website is "depedpasig.com". The last part
of the domain is known as the suffix of the domain, or top-level
 domain (TLD). This is used to describe the website type or location
“.com” for example is short for
commercial purposes, “.org” is short
for an agency, and “. gov.ph” is a
shortcut for the Philippine
government.
/memo/u/
- The directories where the web page is
located on the server are "memo" and "u" which contains
memorandum. For this case, the web page is two directories deep
so it will be in the /public_html/memo/u directory to find the file
on the server. The public_html directory is the default directory that
contains the HTML files.
Wordpress.htm
- Finally, the real web page on the domain that you are browsing is
url.htm.
- The .htm is the file extension of the web page showing that the script
is an HTML file. A lot of file extensions are used like .jpg, .gif, .php,
.asp, .html .cgi, and .xml.
- Each of these file extensions has a different purpose, much like all
of the other file types on your computer.
Where is the URL located?
Depending on your browser window a URL is located at the top of the browser
window in the address bar or Omnibox. On desktop computers and laptops, the URL
will always be visible unless your browser is displayed on the full screen.
The address bar containing the URL will disappear in most smartphone and
tablet browsers as you scroll down and only show the domain when viewable.

How to open an URL?

A URL can be opened by clicking on a hyperlink.
For example, if in this paragraph you click on “hyperlink,”
it opens a page explaining the content of the hyperlinks.
If a URL is written in a magazine where it is not a
hyperlink, the page may be accessed by typing the URL in
the address bar of the browser. But if it is in an e-mail,
you may copy and paste the URL into the Omnibox of the browser. Nevertheless, it
is also necessary to note that the URL can contain only alphanumeric characters
like! $-+*(). Any other characters needed to be encoded in the URL.

Search engine
A web search engine or Internet search engine is a software program
designed to search the web, meaning systematically searching the World Wide Web
for the relevant information described in a textual web search query. The results of
the search engine are generally presented in a result line, also referred to as the
Search Engine Results Page (SERPs).
 Some search engines like the files in databases or open directories are
available. It could be a combination of links to web sites, photos, videos, infographics,
research papers, posts, and other forms of files. There is part of the internet called a
deep web that is not searchable by a web search engine. They are hidden mostly
contains sensitive and delicate information so do not attempt to access. Information
is real-time by running an algorithm on a web crawler often hold by human editors
and search engines like web archives.

Bookmark
A bookmark may refer to the following:
- A bookmark or electronic
bookmark is a way of saving the
address of a web page when
connecting to an Internet browser.
- While using most browsers,
pressing Ctrl+D bookmarks the
page you are viewing.
- Are called favorites in Microsoft
Internet Explorer.
Tip: You can access your user history if you want to bookmark a page and have
forgotten its URL.

Why uses a bookmark?

Using a bookmark help you find a web page that you want to look for the
following day because the webpage remembers it. Once you bookmark a web page, a
shortcut is created to allow easy access to that web page. You can always access that
bookmark and view the web page as many times as you want without having to
search the web to find it again.

How to use shortcuts to view bookmarks?

Below is a list of keyboard shortcuts used to view bookmarks in your browsers:
● Google Chrome - Ctrl+Shift+O or Cmd+Shift+B on
● Mozilla Firefox - Ctrl+B or Ctrl+Shift+B
● Microsoft Edge - Ctrl+I
● Internet Explorer - Ctrl+I
● Opera - Ctrl+Shift+B

Link
A link is an HTML element or short for a hyperlink that allows you to jump to
a new location when you click or tap. Links are found on nearly every web page and
provide a simple way to navigate between web pages.
Links can be part of the images, text or other HTML elements. Many text links
are blue since this is the normal web browser color that is used to view links.
Nevertheless, links can be any color because the link style can be modified using
either HTML or CSS styles. By default, links were underlined blue text. Today,
underlining links is less common.
 HTML links are hyperlinks. A link does not have to be text. It could be an
image to link a link. If you put the cursor to the link its arrow turns into a tiny hand.
The method maybe used to add links to other components, such objects <div>
and <span>. Nonetheless, a <a> tag with a CSS class or ID attribute is sometimes
used in place of a <div> or <span> tag as CSS may apply to stylize a connection.
Below is an example of the HTML for a text and image link:
Text Link: <a href="/definition/computer">Computer Definition</a>
Image Link: <a href="https://techterms.com/definition/computer"><img
src="/images/computer.jpg" alt="desktop PC"></a>

Relative and Absolute Links

The first link above is an example of a relative link since the domain name is
not included. Instead its link to the current website is relative. The path starts with
the root directory because the connection starts with a forward slash. Also, the path
is relative to the current URL if there is no relative relation starting with a forward
slash.
While an absolute links includes a domain name just like on the second link
above.

Note: Hypertext documents are mostly connected to anchors (or markers) inside a
page rather than other pages, the “a” in the <a> tag stands for “anchor”. The
“href” inside a <a> stands for “reference to hypertext.”

ACTIVITIES

Directions: Read the statement/or questions carefully. Give your honest answer.
1. What are the requirements for internet search? Give at least three (3). Discuss
each briefly.
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________.

2. Use basic functions in different browsers to locate information;

How?
Using your tablet/desktop or cell phone search on the internet about the
web browser. List down top 5 most popular browsers
1. ________________________
2. ________________________
3. ________________________
4. ________________________
5. ________________________
 WRAP – UP

Searching on the internet can be very frustrating. Sometimes writing words or

phrase in a search engine will come up with irrelevant information.
So, you need to refine your search to get exactly what you want. To test if you
really learned the topic all about the Requirements in Internet, enter appropriate
URL, relevant links to locate the required information.
How? Using your tablet/desktop or cell phone search on the net the difference
between URL and links. You may use a specific URL to locate the needed
information.
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

VALUING

Browsing the internet requires proper etiquette. As a student, what do you think
are the good conducts that you should practice in using the search engine?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

POSTTEST

Directions: Identify the following questions and write your answer on the space
provided before each number.

__________________1. What is the short term for hyperlink?

__________________2. What part of the web page will be used if you want to quickly
access the web page anytime even without the internet?
__________________3. What do you call the standardized for addressing documents
accessible on the Internet?
__________________4. What software application is used to access information on the
World Wide Web?
__________________5. What does "http" stand for?
 KEY TO CORRECTION

REFERENCES
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https://marketmentors.com/web-design/browsers-and-search-engines-not-the-same-thing/.
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https://www.lifewire.com/which-search-engine-should-i-use3482052.
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