11

Computer Systems Servicing

1st Semester- Module 3
Wires and Cables, Tools,
Jointing, and Soldering

Department of Education Republic of the Philippines

 CONTENT STANDARD
The learners demonstrate an understanding of concepts and underlying
principles in terminating and connecting electrical wiring and electronics circuits

PERFORMANCE STANDARD
The learner shall be able to demonstrate proper termination and connection of
electrical wiring and electronics circuits

LEARNING COMPETENCIES
LO 1. Plan and prepare for termination/ connection of electrical wiring/
electronics circuits
-Select appropriate tools and equipment according to task requirements
-Prepare electrical wiring/electronics circuits correctly for connecting/
terminating in accordance with instruction and work site procedures
TLE_IACSS9-12TCEW-IIIe-f-21

Why it is important to check the materials according to specifications and

tasks
It provides clear instructions on the intent, performance and construction of the
project. It can reference the quality and standards which should be applied.
Materials and manufacturers' products can be clearly defined. The
requirements for installation, testing and handover can be identified.

Definition of Terms
• Bill – a statement of payment due to goods and services
• Damage – a destruction, injury, or harm to a person or thing
• Job – a piece of work of a definite extent or character for a set of fee
• Material – a stuff upon which a thing is made
• Quantity – a number, amount in size
• Requisition – act of requiring something to be furnished; a written request
for something authorized but not made available automatically
• Tool – a simple implement, as a hammer, saw, and spade chisel etc. used
in work
• Work – something made or accomplished

Tools in preparing basic electrical wiring and Network connections

Soldering Tools
1. Soldering Iron – is a device for applying heat to melt solder in
attaching two metal parts. A soldering iron is composed of a
heated metal tip and an insulated handle. For electrical work, wires
are usually soldered to printed circuit boards, other wires, or small
terminals. A low-power iron (20-30 Watts) is suitable for this work.
2. Soldering Tool Stand – is a place where the soldering iron is placed
during usage. This will keep the soldering iron away from flammable
materials. The stand often comes with a sponge used in cleaning the tip of
the soldering iron.

3. Desoldering tool is used in removing soldered wires and components

on printed circuit boards for troubleshooting and repair purposes.

​Splicing Tools
1. Long Nose is used for holding, bending, and stretching the lead of
electronic component or connecting wires.

2. Side Cutter is a wire-cutting pliers, though they are not used to

grab or turn anything, but are used to cut wires.

​ 3. Wire Stripper is a pair of opposing blades much like scissors or

wire cutters. The addition of a center notch makes it easier to cut the
insulation without cutting the wire.

Boring Tools

1. 12V Mini-Drill – is used to bore or drill holes in the printed

circuit board (PCB) with sizes from 1/32” – 1/16”.

2. Portable Electric Drill is used for boring hole(s) in plastic or metal

chassis with the used of drill bits having sizes from 1/6” to
approximately 1/4”.

​3. Metal Files These are hand tools having a series of sharp,
parallel ridges or teeth. Most files have a narrow, pointed tang
at one end to which a handle can be fitted.
· Flat File is parallel in width and tapered in thickness; they are
used for flat surfaces and edges.
· Half Round File is tapered in width and thickness, coming to a
point, and is narrower than a standard half round and used for
filing inside of rings.
· Round File - is also called rat-tail file which is gradually
tapered and used for many tasks that require a round tool, such
as enlarging round holes or cutting a scalloped edge.
 ​Cutting Tools

1. Utility Knife is a common tool used in cutting various

trades and crafts for a variety of purposes.

2. Hacksaw is used for cutting metals. Some have pistol

grips which keep the hacksaw firm and easy to grip. The
small hand-held hacksaws consist of a metal arch with a
handle that fits around a narrow, rigid blade.

Crimping tool

1.Crimping tool is a device used to conjoin two pieces of metal by

deforming one or both of them to hold each other. The result of
the tool's work is called a crimp. An example of crimping is
affixing a connector to the end of a cable. For instance, network
cables and phone cables are created using a crimping tool
(shown below) to join RJ-45 and RJ-11 connectors to both ends
of phone or Cat 5 cable.

2. Wire stripper is a tool designed to remove the protective

covering (jacket) from a cable to expose the inner wires.
Because different wires come in different shapes, there are a
variety of wire strippers available. To use a wire stripper,
place a wire between the blade and the holder. Then, rotate
the stripper around the cable until the cable jacket can be
pulled off.

Auxiliary Tools
1. Magnifying Glass is a convex lens which is used to produce a
magnified image of an object. The lens is usually mounted on a
frame with a handle. Roger Bacon is the original inventor of the
magnifying glass. A magnifying glass works by creating a
magnified virtual image of an object behind the lens. Some
magnifying glasses are foldable with built-in light.

​ 2. Paint Brush – made of bristles set in handle, use for

cleaning dirty parts of a circuit or an object.

​Electronic equipment

Aside from hand tools, equipment are also needed for more accurate and quality output. In this
connection, three of the most used equipment are presented here for you to be familiar with
their uses and the proper way of maintaining them.
 1.Volt-Ohm-Milliammeter. It is an equipment that combines three
functions: as a voltmeter that measures both ac and dc voltages; an
ohmmeter that measures resistance; and milliammeter that
measures small amount of dc current. As safety precautions in the
maintenance of this instrument, the following should be observed:

Always rest the function switch at 250V AC if an OFF position is

not available in the instrument.

For current and voltage measurements, always set the function

switch in the correct setting which is a little higher than the
expected current or voltage present in the circuit.
Place the instrument in a cool dry place, away from any magnetic
devices, and free from vibrations.

Common Faults in Using Hand Tools

Pliers:Ø Do not increase the handle length of pliers to gain more leverage. Use a larger pair of
pliers or bolt cutters if necessary.

Ø Do not substitute pliers for a wrench when turning bolts and nuts. Pliers cannot grip these items
properly and might cause a slip and create an accident.

Ø Never use pliers as a hammer on the handle. Such abuse is likely to result in cracks or breaks.

Ø Cut hardened wires only with pliers designed for that purpose.

Ø Always cut the wires in right angle. Never rock from side to side or bend wire back and forth
against the cutting edges.

Screwdrivers: Ø Never use screwdrivers as a pry bar, chisel, and punch stirrer or scraper.

Ø Never use screwdrivers with broken or worn-out handles. Screwdrivers of these kinds should
have tags to indicate that it is defective.

Ø Never use pliers on a screwdriver for extra leverage. Only use wrench or screwdrivers
specifically designed for purpose.

Utility Knives/ Blades: Ø Do not use dull blades because they require more force, thus are more
likely to slip. Replace the blade when it starts to “tear” instead of cut.

Ø Never leave a knife unattended with the blade exposed.

​Ø Don’t bend or apply side loads to blades by using them to open cans or loosen tight cover of
containers. Blades are brittle and can snap easily.

USING TOOLS BASED ON THEIR FUNCTIONS AND OPERATION

Whenever you perform a task in the workshop you must use personal protective clothing and
equipment (PPE) that are appropriate for the task and which conforms with your local safety
regulations and policies. Your skill in using tools and equipment will make your work less difficult
and ensure that tasks are performed properly and safely
 Ø Hand Tools o screwdrivers, needle-nose pliers

ØDiagnostic Tools o Analog or digital Volt-Ohm-Milliammeter, power supply

Safety check

Ø Do not use flammable cleaners or water on electrical equipment.

Ø Make sure designated walkways are kept clear of any obstructions.

Ø Always wear protective clothing and use the appropriate safety equipment.

Ø Make sure that you understand and observe all legislative and personal safety procedures
when carrying out the following tasks.
Proper Use of Hand Tools

Ø Use the proper type and size of screwdriver by matching it to the screw.

Ø Phillips and Flat Head are the most common types. Ø Do not over tighten screws because
the threads may become stripped.

Types of electrical joints for different types of wiring

1. Straight joint:
Procedure:
a) Remove the insulation: Use an insulation remover or knife to
remove the insulation from the wire to be joined. Then clean
the conductor with a knife or sandpaper

b) Splicing the conductor: with the help of forefinger and thumb

or plier, twist the wires.
Make four to eight on each side of the wire.

c) Soldering the splice: Inorder to make the joint stronger, it

has to be soldered for this a soldering iron, soldering lead, and/
or a blow lap is required. For a small splice a soldering iron
and lead are enough but for a large size just as in the case or
of underground cables either a blow lamp is used or solder will
be heated or pored on the splice with the help of blowlamp
while the splice is heated to a certain temperature such that
the solder wire (lead and tin) which when placed over the
splice should melt.

d) Insulation the splice: The soldered splice should be provided

with insulation. The tape should cover the entire splice and part
of the insulation on the cable on either side of the splice so that
it should be covered.
2. Married Joint: a) Remove the insulation: The procedure of
removing insulation is explained in a straight joint above. Remove
the insulation for about 6 to 8 cm from one side of each cable in a
tapered fashion

b) Splicing of the conductor: Splicing of the single-core conductor

is explained above. In the case of multi-core cables such as 3/20
or 7/20 wire, the following procedure is adopted. Remove the braid
if present for about 1 to 2 cm on each cable. Scatter the standards
by twisting the conductors in opposite direction leading about 4 cm
from the insulation end and bind it at this point with binding.

c) Cleaning of conductor: Clean each strand neatly with emery

paper and cut off the middle strand only.

d) Joining: Bring both the cable end to end mix them intersecting
each other alternately. Hold one cable with the left hand and wrap
the one strand around the twisted portion of the opposite direction
and complete the wrapping of other strands also. Repeat the
method of wrapping strands on the other side of the conductor.
round off the ends of both the cable with the help of a wooden
hammer or mallet or plier.

3. Tee Joint: (for Standard conductor)

a) Remove the insulation: The procedure for removing the
insulation is explained in the straight joint. making sure that
none of the strands are damaged. Remove the insulation about
3 to 4 cm from the running cable and from one side of the
branching cable in a tapered fashion.

b) Splicing of the cable: Incase of multicore core cables such as

3/20 or 7/20 wire the following cable procedure is adopted.
Remove the braid if present for about 1 to 2 cm on the running
cable and 3 to 4 cm on the branching cable. After cleaning the
conductor s with the help of emery paper, keeping the branching
wire in a quadrature i.e, 90 degrees with the running cable turn
the branching wire around the running cable and complete at
least 5 to 8 turns.

c) Cleaning of conductor: Clean each strand neatly with emery

paper.
d) Soldering: The joint is then soldering and insulated with
insulation tape.

4. Weston union joint:

a) Remove the insulation: The procedure of removing insulation
is explained in a straight joint above.
b) Splicing the conductor: With the help of forefinger and thumb
or plier, twist the wire and leave a portion of 8 cm in the center
and from the center twist one conductor around the other
making 3 to 4 turns. Repeat the same for the other conductor
from the other end and cut the surplus conductor.
 c) Soldering the splice: Inorder to make joint stronger, it has to be soldered for this a soldering
iron, soldering lead is required heat splice should be melted.
d) Insulation the splice: The soldered splice should be provided with insulation. Each turn of the
tape should overlap a part of the previous turn. The tape should cover the entire splice and part of
the insulation on the cable on either side of the splice so that it should be covered.

5. Pig Tail joint:

a) Remove the insulation: The procedure for removing
insulation is explained in a straight joint above.

When the single-core scale and flexibility cable are to be

terminated, the joint is made.

b) Soldering the splice: Inorder to make the joint stronger, it has to be soldered for this a soldering
iron, soldering lead is required he splice should melt.
c) Insulating the splice: The soldered splice should be provided with insulation. Each turn of the
tape should overlap a part of the previous turn. The tape should cover the entire splice and part of
the insulation on the cable.

SOLDERING
Procedures for Soldering
Soldering is a joining process wherein coalescence is produced by heating below 800°F, using a
non-ferrous filler metal with a melting point below that of the base metal. The metals to be joined
dictate the flux, solder, and heating methods to be used. Base metals are selected for specific
properties such as electrical conductivity, weight, and corrosion resistance.

To achieve a sound soldered joint, the following should be considered:

• Joint design: They should be designed with the requirements of solders and their limitations
in mind.
• Pre-cleaning: The surfaces must be thoroughly cleaned to allow the solder to wet the base
metal.
• Fluxing: A flux must be provided to remove traces of surface film or oxides and to prevent
formation of oxides during the soldering operation.
• Proper fixtures or alignment of parts must be maintained to insure a sound soldered joint.
• Heating of the base metals should be uniform or even on base metals, to insure good
penetration of the filler alloy into the joint. If a noncorrosive flux is used no further cleaning is
necessary. The use of a corrosive flux makes flux residue removal imperative.

Basic Steps of Soldering

1. Joint fitting: A clearance of 0.005" is suitable for most soldering. When soldering precoated
metals, a clearance of 0.001" is recommended for maximum mechanical strength.
2. Types of cleaning include:
• Mechanical - Scotch Brite pad, emery cloth
• Chemical - cleaning using acids to remove rust, scale or sulfides. Most commonly used acids
are hydrochloric and sulphuric
3. Application of flux
• Flux should be capable of removing oxides and stop them from reforming.
• Flux should permit displacement by the solder.
• Flux should promote wetting of the surface by the solder.

4. Application of heat: Heating the joints evenly or uniformly is of utmost importance to insure
a sound joint.
Types of soldering equipment:
• Soldering irons - electric
• Plumbers torch - propane low heat
• Dip soldering - large tank with molten solder to solder multiple joints
• Oven heating - only used in production where other heating methods are impractical

5. Applying the Solder takes place in two steps:

Wetting the metal surfaces
Filling the gap between the wetted surfaces with solder

Depending upon conditions dictated by the application, each step can be done separately.
This allows for more easily controlled conditions.

6. Cooling the Joint:

As soon as possible after soldering the joint may be cooled using a water spray or air blast.
Slow cooling could cause excessive alloying, resulting in a brittle joint.

7. Flux Residue Treatment:

• Non-corrosive fluxes are ones which are rosin base and do not require removal.
• Corrosive fluxes are fluxes containing zinc chloride. Removal is a must to prevent
corrosion.
 Self-Learning Module Assessment
GRADE 11-TVL-CSS
Name: ______________________________________________ Quarter: First Module: 3
Grade Level/Section: _______________________________ Date : __________________

______1. What is a devide used for holding, bending, and stretching the lead of
electronic component or connecting wires.
a. Wire Stripper b. Soldering Iron c. Crimping tool d. Long Nose plier
______2. What is a device used for applying heat to melt solder in attaching two metal parts.
a. Wire Stripper b. Soldering Iron c. Crimping tool d. side cutter
______3. What is a pair of opposing blades much like scissors to remove wore insulation?
a. Wire Stripper b. Soldering Iron c. Crimping tool d. side cutter
______4. What is a device used to conjoin two pieces of metal by deforming one or both of them to
hold each other?
a. Wire Stripper b. Soldering Iron c. Crimping tool d. side cutter
______5. What is a tool designed to remove the protective covering (jacket) from a cable to expose
the inner wires?
a. Wire Stripper b. Portable electric Drill
c. Side Cutter d. Magnifying Glass

______6. What is a wire-cutting pliers, though they are not used to grab or turn anything, but are used
to cut wires? a. Wire Stripper b. Portable electric Drill
c. Side Cutter d. Magnifying Glass
______7. What is a convex lens which is used to produce a magnified image of an object.
a. Wire Stripper b. Portable electric Drill
c. Side Cutter d. Magnifying Glass
______8. What is a tool used for boring hole(s) in plastic or metal chassis with the used of drill bits
having sizes from 1/6” to approximately 1/4”?
a. Wire Stripper b. Portable electric Drill
c. Side Cutter d. Magnifying Glass
______9. What is a type of joining that bend wire from one end and repeat the same for the other
conductor from the other end and cut the surplus conductor?

a. Pig tail joint b. Tee joint c. Weston Joint d. Straight Joint

______10. What is a substance used to soften the object or joint to be soldered when heated?
a. Soldering Iron b. Flux c. Soldering stand d. Oil

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 Score:_______
Reflection
1st Quarter: Module 3
ICT-CSS 11
Name:_____________________ Date prepared:______
Grade and Section:_____________

Para sa mag-aaral
Tanong/Question Isulat ang iyong sagot/Write your answer
1. Tungkol saan ang paksa
ng pinag-aralan mo ngayon
sa asignaturang ito?

2. Kumusta ka sa mga
aralin ngayon?Alin sa mga
ito ang madali para sa’yo?
Bakit?

3. May mga gusto ka bang

itanong sa iyong guro
tungkol sa aralin? Ilista mo
dito ang iyong mga tanong.

Isulat ang iyong REPLEKSYON/Write Your Reflection:

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________
Signature

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ANSWER KEY CSS-11 MODULE 3

1d
2b
3a
4c
5a
6c
7d
8b
9c
10 b