12

Computer System
Servicing NCII
Quarter 1
LO 1
Assemble Computer Hardware
Computer System Servicing NC II– Grade 12
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 – Module 1 – LO 1: Assemble Computer Hardware

Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the
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Published by the Department of Education

Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio

Development Team of the Module

Author: Frederick P. Villaflor, Jay Marie A. Saranillo, Michael P. Nocos,
Adrian Jay L. Delara, Constancio A. Monreal Jr., John Patrick G. Artezano,
Nilogiel Garing, Sabejon Jr., Rodolfo M. R, Crispin A. Gabuya
Editors:
Reviewers:
Illustrator: Frederick P. Villaflor
Layout Artist: Frederick P. Villaflor
Management Team: Arden D. Monisit
Nonale Q. Resoor
Susan T. Balbuena
Romel Victor A. Villahermosa

Printed in the Philippines by

Department of Education – Region VII Central Visayas, Division of Guihulngan City

Office Address: Osmeṅa Ave., Poblacion

Guihulngan City
Telefax: 035-410-4006
E-mail Address: guihulngan.city@deped.gov.ph
 12

Computer System
Servicing NCII
Quarter 1 – Module 1:
Assemble Computer
System

i
Introductory Message
For the facilitator:
Good day, dear parents, guardians, and elder siblings! This resource material is
focused on the competencies for the first quarter. With your guidance, the learner is
expected to achieve the goals and objectives set in each of the topics which are
complemented with the various tasks such as preliminary activities to test the learner`s
prior knowledge and enrichment activities to fully supplement his or her learning of
the lesson for better understanding.
For the learner:
With your parent`s, guardian`s or elder sibling`s help, go over with this
module from What I Know to Additional Activity.
For every written activity, make sure to use a separate sheet of paper or
notebook for safekeeping of your progress.

Moreover, this module is purposely prepared for you to cater your needs as
pupils. It also aims to provide opportunities for learning while you stay at home. Each
has the following features and icons that you need to understand.

What I Need to Know This part gives you the objectives and content of the
lessons.

This feature provides a pretest to check what you know

What I Know about the lesson you are to take. You have the option to
skip this module if you get 100% of the correct answers.
However, continue with the module if you get 1 or more
mistakes.

This portion gives activities that connect the current

lesson with the previous lesson.
What’s In

What’s New This section gives an activity to present the new topic. It
also provides new concepts, skills and insights for better
learning.

What is It This part elaborates further the content of the lessons for
better understanding.

i
ii
 This feature provides dependent and independent
What’s More practices that will further enhance your understanding on
the topic. Correct answers of the activities can be checked
in the Key answers at the last part of the module.

What I Have Learned This part gives the generalization of the lesson. It
somehow summarizes the important ideas of the lesson
presented in the module.

What I Can Do This section provides activities that will help you
internalize and apply the lesson you have learned into
real-life situations.

Assessment This feature gives a 10-item test to measure your level of

mastery in achieving the learning objectives.

Additional Activities This part provides additional activities for enrichment.

Answer Key This section contains the correct answers of all the tests
given in the module.

Have fun while reading.

iii5
 What I Need to Know
This module is designed to equip you, learners, with essential knowledge, skills, and
attitude on Assembling Computer Systems

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

• Lesson 1 – Types and Parts of Computers

• Lesson 2 – Computer Operating System and Computer System Design
• Lesson 3 – Computer Hardware Assembly Procedure
• Lesson 4 – Power-On Self-Test (POST) Basic Input/Output System (BIOS)
Configuration Procedures

After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. Plans unit assembly
2. Prepares unit assembly
3. Identifies materials necessary to complete the work and check against system
requirements
4. Obtains materials necessary to complete the work and check against system
requirements
5. Obtains tools, equipment, and testing devices needed to carry out installation and
checks against correct operation and safety standards
6. Assembles computer and compiles system requirements
7. Configures BIOS in accordance with hardware requirements

What I Know

Let us determine how much you already know about types and parts of
computer hardware. Read and analyze each statement carefully. Choose the best
answer and write only the letter of your answer on your answer sheet.
1. It is a hardware component that allows a computer or other device, such as a
router or switch, to connect to the Internet.
A. Mouse B. System Unit C. Modem D. Monitor
2. The main circuit board of your computer and is also known as the mainboard
or logic board.
A. CPU B. Motherboard C. System Unit D. HDD
3. A wireless handheld device that allows users to make and receive calls and
to send text messages, among other features.
A. Laptop B. Desktop C. Server D. Mobile Phone
4. Set of instructions or programs instructing a computer to do specific
tasks.
A. Software B. Hardware C. Peopleware D. Malware
5. A type of graphic port connector and cable capable of transmitting high-quality
and high-bandwidth streams of audio and video between devices.

1
A. DVI B. HDMI C. Display Port D. I/O Port
6. A display screen used to provide visual output from a computer, cable box,
video camera, VCR or other video generating device.
A. Printer B. Mouse C. Monitor D. Keyboard
7. A device or a program that is dedicated to managing network resources.
A. Desktop B. Tablet C. Server D. Laptop
8. A non-volatile computer storage device containing magnetic disks or platters
rotating at high speeds.
A. Hard Disk Drive C. Random Access Memory
B. Central Processing Unit D. Motherboard
9. The brains of the computer where most calculations take place
sometimes called the processor.
A. CPU B. System Unit C. RAM D. Heat sink
10. Connection point that acts as interface between the computer and external
devices like mouse, printer, modem, etc.
A. Graphic Port B. Monitor C. I/O Port D. Power Supply
11. What does “O” in BIOS stands for?
A. Over B. Output C. Oxide D. Only
12. The main printed circuit board which holds the components of a computer.
A. RAM B. CD-ROM C. CPU D. Motherboard
13. It refers to the physical element of a computer. Sometimes called the
machinery or the equipment of the computer.
A. Software B. Hardware C. People Ware D. All of these
14. It is battery or AC-powered personal computer that are more portable
than desktop computers, allowing you to use them almost anywhere.
A. Desktop B. Cellular Phone C. Laptop D. Tablet
15. What is “A” in RAM stands for?
A. After B. Access C. Allow D. Always

2
 Lesson
Types and Parts of Computers
1
In order to perform computer maintenance, upgrades, or repairs, you need to know how
to properly remove and install computer hardware components, especially the system unit
components.

You need to follow the guidelines or standard operating procedures to safely and
effectively do the required task.

What’s In

Identify whether the following are

a. Materials b. Hand tools
1. Screw Driver (for slotted and Philips head screws)
2. Processor (CPU)
3. Needle-nose pliers
4. Optical drive (DVD RW and SATA capable)
5. Adjustable wrench
6. Memory (RAM)
7. Wire cutters and strippers
8. Motherboard (SATA capable)
9. Utility knife
10. SATA cables
11. Small flashlight
12. Processor fan
13. Small container to hold screws
14. Case fan
15. Heat sink compound
16. Hard drive (SATA capable)
17. Grounding strap
18. Power supply
19. Computer case
20. Variety of case and drive screws

What’s New

Look at the picture below. What are these pictures all about?

3
 What is It

The Computer
A Computer is an electronic device that manipulates
information, or data. The computer sees data as 1’s or 0’s, but it knows
how to combine them into more complex things, such as photograph,
movie, website, games and many more.

There are two (2) basic parts of computer:

1. Hardware refers to the physical element of a computer.

Sometimes called the machinery or the equipment of the computer.

Image 1.1 From left to right, printer, mouse and monitor are some
example of hardware.

2. Software is a set of instructions or programs instructing a

computer to do specific tasks. Software is a generic term used to
describe computer programs. Scripts, applications, programs and
a set of instructions are all terms often used to describe
software.

Image 1.2 A WPS office 2019 Screenshot is an example of

application software.

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What are the different types of computers?

When most people hear the word "computer" they think of a personal computer
such as a desktop or laptop computer. However, computers come in many
shapes and sizes, and they perform many different functions in our daily
lives. When you are using your microwave oven to reheat your food, using
the calculator or texting your friend using your android phone is an example
of type of computers.

1. Desktop Computers
A desktop computer is a personal computer that fits on or under a desk. It
has a monitor or another display, keyboard, mouse, and either a horizontal
or vertical (tower) form factor. Unlike a laptop,
which is portable, a desktop computer is meant to stay at one location.

Image 1.3 Desktop Computer

2. Laptop
Is battery or AC-powered personal computer that are more portable
than desktop computers, allowing you to use them almost anywhere.

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 Image 1.4 Laptop

3. Server
A server is a computer, a device or a program that is dedicated to
managing network resources. Servers are often referred to as dedicated
because they carry out hardly any other tasks apart from their server
tasks.

Image 1.5 Server

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4. Tablet computers
Tablet computers that is intermediate in size between a laptop computer
and a smartphone. Early tablet computers used either a keyboard or a
stylus to input information, but these methods were subsequently
displaced by touch screens.

Image 1.6 Technology Tablet

5. Mobile phones
A mobile phone is a wireless handheld device that allows users to make
and receive calls and to send text messages, among other features. The
earliest generation of mobile phones could only make and receive calls.
Today’s mobile phones, however, are packed with many additional
features, such as web browsers, games, cameras, video players and even
navigational systems.

A mobile phone may also be known as a cellular phone or simply a cell

phone.

Image 1.7 An Iphone Mobile phone

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 6. Game Console
A game console is a specialized kind of computer that is used for playing
video games. Although there are not as fully-featured as a desktop computer,
many newer consoles, allow you to do non-gaming tasks like browsing the
internet.

Image 1.8PlayStation, Xbox and Wii are some example of game

console

BASIC PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM

SYSTEM UNIT

The system unit, also known as a "tower" or "chassis," is the main part of a
desktop computer. It includes the motherboard, CPU, RAM, and other
components. The system unit also includes the case that houses the
internal components of the computer.

Image 1.9 System Unit

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 The MOUSE

A computer mouse is a handheld hardware input device that controls a

cursor in a GUI (graphical user interface) and can move and select text,
icons, files, and folders on your computer.

There are four (4) kinds of mouse:

1. Mouse ball- a little rubber ball rests in the belly of a mouse; when you
move the mouse, you also roll the little ball.

2. Scroll wheel- A mouse with a rubber or plastic wheel located between

the left and right buttons (the "scroll wheel"). when the wheel is
moved back and forth, the active window is scrolled, eliminating the
need to aim the pointer at the scroll bar.

3. Wireless- A mouse that sends signals to the computer without a cord.

Bluetooth mice are commonly used with tablets, because most tablets
have Bluetooth built in.

MONITOR

A display screen used to provide visual output from a computer, cable box,
video camera, VCR or other video generating device. Computer monitors use
Cathode Ray tube (CRT) and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) technology, while TV
monitors use CRT, LCD and plasma technologies.

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 Image 2.1 Some example of Monitor, from left to right, a CRT monitor and
LCD monitor

KEYBOARD

A set of input keys on a personal computer or computer terminal. Along

with the standard letter keys on a typewriter, computer keyboards have
keys for cursor movement and entering commands.

Image 2.2 Keyboard

SPEAKER

Speakers are used to play sound. They can be built into the system unit or
connected with cables.

Image 2.3 Speaker

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MODEM

Modem is short for "Modulator / Demodulator." It is a hardware component

that allows a computer or other device, such as a router or switch, to connect
to the Internet.

Image 2.4 Modem

MOTHERBOARD

The motherboard is the main circuit board of your computer and is also
known as the mainboard or logic board. If you ever open your computer,
the biggest piece of silicon you see is the motherboard.
Attached to the motherboard, you'll find the CPU, ROM, memory RAM
expansion slots, PCI slots, and USB ports. It also includes controllers for
devices like the hard drive, DVD drive, keyboard, and mouse.
Basically, the motherboard is what makes everything in your
computer work together.

Image 2.5 A Standard ATX motherboard

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CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)

Central Processing Unit (CPU) sometimes referred to simply as the central

processor, but more commonly called processor, the CPU is the brains of
the computer where most calculations take place. In terms of computing
power, the CPU is the most important element of a computer system.

Image 2.6 Central Processing Unit

RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)

Random access memory (ram) is a type of data storage used in computers

that is generally located on the motherboard. This type of memory is volatile
and all information that was stored in ram is lost when the computer is turned
off. Volatile memory is temporary memory while ROM (read-only memory) is
non-volatile and holds data permanently when the power is turned off.

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Main Types of memory:

1. DRAM(Dynamic Random Access Memory)

The term dynamic indicates that the memory must be constantly refreshed
or it will lose its contents. DRAM is typically used for the main memory in
computing devices.

Image 2.7 Dynamic Random Access Memory

2. SRAM( Static Random Access Memory)

While DRAM is typically used for main memory, today SRAM is more often
used for system cache. SRAM is said to be static because it doesn't need to
be refreshed, unlike dynamic RAM, which needs to be refreshed thousands
of times per second. As a result, SRAM is faster than DRAM. However, both
types of RAM are volatile, meaning that they lose their contents when the
power is turned off.

Image 2.8 Static Random Access Memory

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HARD DISK DRIVE

A hard disk drive (HDD) is a non-volatile computer storage device

containing magnetic disks or platters rotating at high speeds. It is a
secondary storage device used to store data permanently, random access
memory (RAM) being the primary memory device.
The hard drive is connected to the motherboard via an interface cable.

Image 2.9 Hard Disk Drive

There are three main types of hard drive interface:

1. IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) also called PATA (Parallel ATA)

Often referred to as ATA (Attachment) because these drives often use
technology called parallel. It is a standard interface for IBM computers that
was first developed by Western Digital and Compaq in 1986 for compatible
hard drives and CD or DVD drives.

2. SATA (Serial ATA)

It is an interface used to connect ATA hard drives to a computer's
motherboard. SATA transfer rates start at 150MBps, which is significantly
faster than even the fastest 100MBps ATA/100 drives. For this and other
reasons, Serial ATA is likely to replace the previous standard, Parallel ATA
(PATA), which has been around since the 1980s.

3. SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)

The Small Computer System Interface (SCSI) is a set of parallel interface
standards developed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) for
attaching printers, disk drives, scanners and other

14
 peripherals to computers. SCSI (pronounced "skuzzy") is supported by all
major operating systems.

POWER SUPPLY
A power supply provides components with electric power. The term usually
pertains to devices integrated within the component being powered. For
example, computer power supplies convert ac current to dc current and are
generally located at the rear of the computer case, along with at least one
fan.

Image 3.0 Power Supply

GRAPHIC CARD
A graphics card is a type of display adapter or video card installed within
most computing devices to display graphical data with high clarity, color,
definition and overall appearance. A graphics card provides high-quality

visual display by processing and executing graphical data using

advanced graphical techniques, features and functions.

COMMON TYPES of GRAPHIC CARD

1. PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)

A hardware bus used for adding internal components to a desktop computer.
For example, a PCI card can be inserted into a PCI slot on a motherboard,
providing additional I/O ports on the back of a computer.

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 Image 3.1 PCI Card

2. AGP (Accelerated Graphic Port)

A type of expansion slot designed specifically for graphics cards. It was
developed in 1996 as an alternative to the PCI standard. Since the AGP
interface provides a dedicated bus for graphics data, AGP cards are able to
render graphics faster than comparable PCI graphics cards.

Image 3.2 AGP Card

3. PCI-E (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express)

High speed serial computer expansion bus standard designed to replace the
older PCI, PCI-X and AGP bus standards. While computers may contain a mix
of various types of expansion slots, PCI Express is considered the standard
internal interface. Many computer motherboards today are manufactured only
with PCI slots.

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What’s on the card?
1. Display Port (DP)
A digital audio and video interface created by Video Electronics Standard
Association (VESA). Its connections come in two varieties: Standard, and
the smaller mini display port. Despite the difference in size, both
connection types transmit identical signals.

Image 3.3 Display Card

2. HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface)

is a connector and cable capable of transmitting high-quality and high-
bandwidth streams of audio and video between devices. The HDMI
technology is used with devices such as an HDTV, Projector, DVD
player, or Blu-ray player.

Image 3.4 HDMI port

3. DVI (Digital Visual Interface)

DVI is a popular form of video interface technology made to maximize the
quality of flat panel LCD monitors and modern video graphics cards.

Image 3.5 DVI port

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I/O (INPUT-OUTPUT) PORTS

Connection point that acts as interface between the computer and external
devices like mouse, printer, modem, etc. Is called port. Ports are of two
types:

A. Internal port − It connects the motherboard to internal devices like

hard disk drive, CD drive, internal modem, etc.

B. External port − It connects the motherboard to external devices like

modem, mouse, printer, flash drives, etc.

Image 3.6 Parallel and Printer port Image 3.7 PS/2 Keyboard and
also called as Line Printer terminal Mouse. Keyboard and mice
used for old printers. connector. Old style 5 pin DIN
connector. The 5 pin DIN
connectors are rarely used
anymore.

18
Image 3.8 USB (Universal Serial Bus) Image 3.9 Ethernet Port. Connects an
Port. Use the USB ports to connect the RJ-45 jack to the LAN port to connect
USB devices. your computer to the network.

Image 4.0 Serial Port. Used for Image 4.1 Audi and Game Port.
external modems and old mice. SPDIF is a standard for
Being phased out on newer transmitting high quality digital
computers, replaced by USB audio without going through an
analogue conversion proces

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THINGS TO REMEMBER

This is a partial list of basic safety precautions to use when

working on a computer:

1. Always ground or discharge yourself before touching any

part of the computer.

2. Do not work alone so that there is someone who can take

care of you in case of emergency or accident.

3. Always full the cable connector on the handle and not hold on
the cable itself.

4. Use an anti-static wrist strap or discharge yourself by

touching a grounded metal object such as a computer
casing.

5. Remove your watch and jewelry and secure loose clothing.

6. Always power off and unplug the computer before working on it.

7. Cover sharp edges inside the computer case with tape.

8. Never open a power supply or a crt monitor.Do not wear the

antistatic wrist strap when repairing power supplies or CRT
monitors. Only experienced technicians should attempt to
repair power supplies and CRT monitors.

9. Keep food and drinks out of your workspace.

10. Keep your workspace clean and free of clutter.

11. Personal protective equipment is correctly used in accordance

with organization procedures and practice.

12. Do not force components into computer ports.

13. Power supplies produce several levels of voltage. Read the

information on the power supply carefully and make sure that
the power supply you are using is appropriate for the
application.

14. Bend your knees when lifting heavy objects to avoid injuring
your back

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 What’s More

Activity 1. Self-Check
Match the types and parts of computer in Column A with the
correct picture Column B. Write your answer on a separate sheet of
paper.

COLUMN COLUMN B
A

1. The brains of the computer where most

calculations take place sometimes called A.
the processor

B.
2. Main part of computer, sometimes
called the chassis.

3. A non-volatile computer storage device

containing magnetic disks or platters C
rotating at high speeds.

4. A type of display adapter or video card

installed within most computing devices
to display graphical data with high clarity, D.
color, definition and overall appearance.

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5. A type of data storage used in E.
computers that is generally located on the
motherboard

6. A type of computer battery or AC- powered

personal computer that are more portable than F.
desktop computers

7. A specialized kind of computer that is used

for playing video games G.

8. A wireless handheld device that allows

users to make and receive calls and to send
text messages, among other features. H.

9. A device or a program that is dedicated to

managing network resources. I.

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 10. A personal computer that fits on or under a
desk and meant to stay in one location. J.

What I Have Learned

A Computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data. The

computer sees data as 1’s or 0’s, but it knows how to combine them into more
complex things, such as photograph, movie, website, games and many more.

There are two (2) basic parts of computer:

1. Hardware
2. Software
What are the different types of computers?
1. Desktop Computers
2. Laptop
3. Server
4. Tablet computers
5. Mobile phones
6. Game Console
BASIC PARTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM
SYSTEM UNIT
MONITOR
KEYBOARD
SPEAKER
MODEM
MOTHERBOARD
CENTRAL
PROCESSING UNIT (CPU)
RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY (RAM)

Main Types of memory:

DRAM(Dynamic Random Access Memory)

SRAM( Static Random Access Memory)

23
HARD DISK DRIVE

There are three main types of hard drive interface:

• IDE (Integrated Drive Electronics) also called

PATA (Parallel ATA)
• SATA (Serial ATA)
• SCSI (Small Computer System Interface)
POWER SUPPLY

GRAPHIC CARD

COMMON TYPES of GRAPHIC CARD

• PCI (Peripheral Component Interconnect)

• AGP (Accelerated Graphic Port)
• PCI-E (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express)
What’s on the card?
• Display Port (DP)

• HDMI (High Definition Multimedia Interface)

• DVI (Digital Visual Interface)

I/O (INPUT-OUTPUT) PORTS

Internal port

External port

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 What I Can Do

Perform the activity

LEARNING ACTIVITIY 1.1

Title: Parts of Computer

Performance Objective: The students should be able to identify the different parts of
computer.

Supplies/Materials : Notebook, ballpen ( for taking down notes)

Equipment : Parts of computer

Steps/Procedure:
Given are the following materials, you should be able to identify, and explain the
function of different parts of computer:
1. CPU 6. Monitor
2. Hard Disk Drive 7. Mouse
3. Mother board 8. Keyboard
4. RAM/ROM 9. I/O Port (Lan Port, Serial Port,
5. System Unit USB Port, Audio and game Port)
10. Power Supply
Performance Rubrics

EARLY DEVELOPING
CRITERIA PROFICIENT( SCORES
TECHNOLOG PROFICIENT
10)
Y (5) ( 7)

Followed the Did not follow Some Accurately

given the given instructions/ followed the
instructions/ procedures procedures instruction/pr
procedures from start were ocedures
from start to finsih. A lot of followed from start to
finish. redirection accurately finish.
needed
Identified parts Identified Identified at Identified all
of computer only at least least 7 the given
hardware. 5 computer computer parts of
parts parts computer
accurately accurately accurately
Demonstrate Explained at Explained
Explained
the function least 7 all the
only 5
of different functions of functions of
functions of
parts of parts of the parts of
the parts of
computer.

25
 Assessment
Let us determine how much you already know about types and parts of
computer. Read and analyze each statement carefully. Choose the best answer and
write only the letter of your answer on your answer sheet.
1. What does “O” in BIOS stands for?
A. Over B. Output C. Oxide D. Only
2. The main printed circuit board which holds the components of a computer.
A. RAM B. CD-ROM C. CPU D. Motherboard
3. It refers to the physical element of a computer. Sometimes called the
machinery or the equipment of the computer.
A. Software B. Hardware C. People Ware D. All of these
4. 14. It is battery or AC-powered personal computer that are more portable
than desktop computers, allowing you to use them almost anywhere.
A. Desktop B. Cellular Phone C. Laptop D. Tablet
5. What is “A” in RAM stands for?
A. After B. Access C. Allow D. Always
6. It is a hardware component that allows a computer or other device, such as a
router or switch, to connect to the Internet.
A. Mouse B. System Unit C. Modem D. Monitor
7. The main circuit board of your computer and is also known as the mainboard
or logic board.
A. CPU B. Motherboard C. System Unit D. HDD
8. A wireless handheld device that allows users to make and receive calls and
to send text messages, among other features.
A. Laptop B. Desktop C. Server D. Mobile Phone
9. Set of instructions or programs instructing a computer to
do specific tasks.
A. Software B. Hardware C. Peopleware D. Malware
10. A type of graphic port connector and cable capable of transmitting high-
quality and high-bandwidth streams of audio and video between devices.
A. DVI B. HDMI C. Display Port D. I/O Port
11. A display screen used to provide visual output from a computer, cable
box, video camera, VCR or other video generating device.
A. Printer B. Mouse C. Monitor D. Keyboard
12. A device or a program that is dedicated to managing network resources.
A. Desktop B. Tablet C. Server D. Laptop
13. A non-volatile computer storage device containing magnetic disks or
platters rotating at high speeds.
A. Hard Disk Drive C. Random Access Memory
B. Central Processing Unit D. Motherboard
14. The brains of the computer where most calculations take place sometimes
called the processor.
A. CPU B. System Unit C. RAM D. Heat sink
15. Connection point that acts as interface between the computer
and external devices like mouse, printer, modem, etc.
A. Graphic Port B. Monitor C. I/O Port D. Power Supply

26
 Additional Activities

A. What is operating system?

B. How operating system works?

27
 28
What I Know What's In Assessment
1. C 1. B 1. B
2. B 2. A 2. D
3. D
4. A 3. B 3. B
5. B 4. A 4. C
6. C 5. B 5. B
7. C 6. A 6. C
8. A
9. A 7. B 7. B
10. C 8. A 8. D
11. B 9. B 9. A
12. D 10. A 10. B
13. B
14. C 11. B 11. C
15. B 12. A 12. C
13. B 13. A
14. A 14. A
15. A 15. C
16. A
17. B
18. A
19. A
20. B
What’s More
1. B
2. D
3. A
4. E
5. C
6. G
7. H
8. J
9. I
10. F
Answer Key
References

Maria Luisa G. Capundag, M. Ed., et. al. VOCTEK Computer System Servicing
Module 3, 1st Edition 2016. TechFactors Inc.

29
 Lesson Computer Operating System and Computer
2 System Design
In order to perform computer maintenance, upgrades, or repairs, you will need to know
the characteristics of major operating system brands and their pros and cons.

By doing so, you will be able to identify which suits your needs to meet the
requirements.

What’s In

What is operating system? What are some of the operating system? How it works

What’s New

Look at the picture below. What are these pictures all about?

Application Software
Word Processors

Spreadsheets Databases

Computer Games Internet Browsing

System Software
Operating System Utilities

Hardware

CPU, disks, mouse printer,

etc.

30
 What is It

Operating System
An operating system (OS) is a kind of software that communicates with the hardware
and gives permission for the other programs to run. It provides a software platform where
application software (Microsoft Office, OpenOffice, etc.)

Classification of Operating System

1. Multiuser – enables two or more, even hundreds or thousands of parallel users, to

simulteously run programs

2. Multiprocessing – able to run a program on one or more CPUs (Central Processing Unit)

3. Multitasking – enables multiple programs to run at the same time

4. Multithreading – able to execute individual processes simultaneously

5. Real time – processes data as it comes in and quickly displays results

Pros and Cons of Major Operating Systems

Pros Cons
Windows • Compatible with almost • Computer virus can go
(The most popular) all applications and rampant in this operating
drivers system. Expensive anti-
• Technical support easily virus/malware software
accessible online and are required to avoid
offline viruses
• Comes with a large • Costly
variety of functions that • Runs slower because of
simplify tasks the amount of computer
resources it requires
MAC OS • Not the usual target of • More expensive than
(The first graphical-based viruses Windows
operating system, one year • Easier to use than most • Built into Mac/Apple
ahead of Microsoft) other operating systems computers
• Some applications that
run on Windows are not
available for Mac OS
OS Linux-based Operating • It is open-source • Requires familiarity to
System • Can be bundled with efficiently use this kind of
(Lesser but increasing in many free and open- OS
number) source operating • Is not compatible with as
systems based on your many programs as
needs Windows is

31
 • Less prone to computer
virus infection
Note: To know which is best for your computer and your specific needs, you may have try
out each operating system.

Windows is the most widely used operating system for desktop computers. Around
70% of the consumer market uses Windows on their PCs due to its market availability, support,
and the innumerable applications that run on it. The following is a list of the most recent
Windows operating systems.

Name Release Codename Base Editions Supported OS Type

Date kernel Architecture
Windows 2001 Whistler • NT 5.1 Starter Edition • IA-32 Desktop,
XP • NT 5.2 Professional • IA-64 Workstation,
Embedded
• x86-64
PCs
Windows 2009 “7”, Vienna NT 6.1 Starter Edition, • IA-32 Desktop,
7 Home Basic, • x86-64 Workstation,
Professional, Multi-touch
Ultimate,
Enterprise
Windows 2012 “8” NT 6.2 Windows 8, • IA-32 Desktop,
8 Pro, • x86-64 Workstation,
Enterprise, Multi-touch
• ARMv7
Windows RT
Windows 2013 “Blue” NT 6.3 Windows 8, • IA-32 Desktop,
8.1 Pro, • x86-64 Workstation,
Enterprise, Multi-touch
• ARMv7
Windows RT
8.1
Windows 2016 “Redstone” NT Home, Pro, • IA-32 Desktop,
10 10.0 Enterprise, • x86-64 Workstation,
Education, Multi-touch,
• ARMv7
Mobile, Mobile Smartphone,
Enterprise, Iot PDAs, Iot
Core

32
 What’s More

Activity 1. Self-Check
Complete the Table

Pros and Cons of Major Operating Systems

Pros Cons
Windows • Compatible with almost 1.
(The most popular) all applications and
drivers 2.
• Technical support easily
accessible online and 3.
offline
• Comes with a large
variety of functions that
simplify tasks
MAC OS 4. • More expensive than
(The first graphical-based Windows
operating system, one year 5. • Built into Mac/Apple
ahead of Microsoft) computers
• Some applications that
run on Windows are not
available for Mac OS
OS Linux-based Operating • It is open-source 6.
System • Can be bundled with
(Lesser but increasing in many free and open-
number) source operating
systems based on your 7.
needs
• Less prone to computer
virus infection

33
 What I Have Learned

An operating system (OS) is a kind of software that communicates with the hardware
and gives permission for the other programs to run. It provides a software platform where
application software (Microsoft Office, OpenOffice, etc.)

There are 5 Classification of Operating System

1. Multiuser

2. Multiprocessing

3. Multitasking

4. Multithreading

5. Real time

What I Can Do

It’s thinking time!

From the list of operating system, which one would you prepare to install?
Why?

Assessment
Match column A to column B. Write your answer on separate sheet.

Column A Column B
1. Enables two or more, even hundreds or thousands of parallel a. Redstone
users, to simulteously run programs
2. Able to run a program on one or more CPUs (Central Processing b. “7”, Vienna
Unit)
3. Enables multiple programs to run at the same time c. Real time
4. Able to execute individual processes simultaneously d. Whistler
5. processes data as it comes in and quickly displays results e. Multiuser
6. Computer virus can go rampant in this operating system. f. Multiprocessing
Expensive anti-virus/malware software are required to avoid viruses
7. Windows XP
8. Windows 8.1 g. Multitasking
9. Windows 10 h. Multithreading
10. Windows 7 i. “Blue”

34
 Additional Activities

C. What is operating system?

D. How operating system works?

35
 36
What's More Assessment
1. Computer virus can go 1. F
rampant in this operating
2. O
system. Expensive anti-
virus/malware software 3. L
are required to avoid
4. B
viruses
5. B
2. Costly
6. I
3. Runs slower because
of the amount of 7. M
computer resources it
requires 8. D
4. Not the usual target of 9. C
viruses 10. H
5. Easier to use than most 11. A
other operating systems
12. N
6. Requires familiarity to
efficiently use this kind of 13. K
OS 14. G
7. Is not compatible with 15. J
as many programs as
Windows is Additional Activity
a. 6
b. 4
c. 3
d. 5
e. 1
f. 2
Answer Key
References

Maria Luisa G. Capundag, M. Ed., et. al. VOCTEK Computer System Servicing
Module 3, 1st Edition 2016. TechFactors Inc.

37
 Lesson
Computer Hardware Assembly Procedure
3
After reading this information sheet, you must be able to assemble a computer system
following the prescribed standards and safety guidelines.

Modern computers are affordable, provided you know where to purchase good
computer parts, and how to assemble them.

There are computer parts that can be bought together in a bundle called a “barebones
kit”. Buying a kit is more economical than buying each component separately. In addition,
buying components as a set reduces the risk of purchasing parts that are incompatible with
one another.

What’s In

How to assemble computer? What are the procedures in doing it? How to start the
assembly?

What’s New

Look at the picture below. What are these pictures all about?

38
 What is It

Here are the procedures in assembling a computer system..

Step 1: Preparation of Parts and Tools

• Ensure that all the parts and tools that will be used in the assembly procedure are in
your possession, Use the proper tools in order to avoid damage to your equipment and
physical injury.
You will need:

1. Processor
2. Optical drive (DVD-RW and SATA)
3. Memory
4. Motherboard
5. I/O bezel plate (usually included with the motherboard)
6. SATA cables
7. Processor fan
8. Case fan
9. Hard drive (SATA capable)
10. Power supply
11. Computer case
12. Screws and standoffs
13. Screwdriver (for slotted and Phillips head screws)
14. Needle-nose plier
15. Adjustable wrench
16. Wire cutters and strippers
17. Utility knife
18. Small flashlight
19. Small container to hold screws
20. Heat sink compound
21. Grounding strap
Step 2: Preparing the case for assembly
• Remove the side panels of the case by sliding them back after removing the
attached screws.
• Remove the packaging materials and other PC parts inserted into the case,
such as USB ports and cables. You may need to label these parts yourself
before the assembly procedure if they have not yet labeled by the manufacturer.
Refer to the manufacturer’s documentation for details.
• Open the drive bays by removing the covers of the optical drives. Press the
retaining tabs to do this.

39
Step 3: Ground yourself
• Wear the grounding strap on your wrist and connect the other end to a metal
clasp or a small hole on the metal part of the computer case. Do this to avoid
damaging the components with static electricity coming from your body.
Step 4: Mount the Motherboard
• Mount the I/O bezel plate into the opening at the back of the case by pushing
it from the inside
• Mount the standoffs in the case. You can find the standoff screw in the mounted holes
of the motherboard. Make sure to know the exact location of the screw hole on the
motherboard.
• Place the motherboard into the case in alignment with the l/O bezel. The motherboard
must touch only the screws and the standoffs to avoid damage.
• Attach the screws properly.
Note: Do not tighten the screws until all of them have been placed and the board is lined up
with the bezel. The motherboard must have contact only with the screws and standoffs to
avoid damage. Make sure that all the standoffs and screws are connected or attached
properly.

Step 5: Mount the Optical Drive

• Insert the optical drive into the drive bay until the screw holes are parallel with one
another and the front of the drive is level with the front of the case*Attach the screws.
Step 6: Mount the Hard Drive
• Look for the drive bay to mount the drive in. The location is usually indicated in the
manufacturer's documentation.
• Insert the drive into the designated slot and make sure the side screw holes are aligned
with the case holes.
• Mount and tighten the screws.
Step 7: Mount the CPU
• The CPU is mounted on the motherboard in the designated socket. Find the edge that
is marked pin 1 on the CPU. It is usually marked with an arrow. For specific information
regarding your processor, check the manufacturer's documentation.
• Lift the small metal rod beside the socket.
• Attach the CPU to the socket, making sure that the corresponding marking on the
socket is aligned with the one on the CPU.
• Push the rod back down against the CPU to secure it in place.
Step 8: Mount the RAM
• Insert the RAM board intended for the memory socket. Make sure that the placement
of the notch in the board is properly established. If not, turn it around 180.
• Press both ends of the board to insert it securely into the socket. Ensure that the tabs
lock is in place.

40
Note: Always remember that improper alignment of the board when being pressed or pushed
can cause damage or harm to both the RAM board and motherboard.

Step 9: Mount the CPU Fan

• Apply thermal compound onto the CPU by following the directions included in the
compound packaging.
• Place the fan on the CPU with the mounting tabs aligned with one another.
• Lock the fan in place by pulling down the locking rod.
• Attach the power connector of the fan assembly to the motherboard. You may refer to
the manual to know the proper placement.
Note: If you do not apply the thermal compound, the CPU will heat up faster and may
potentially damage the motherboard.

Step 10: Mount the Case Fan

• Hold the fan to the mounting pad and align it with the mounting holes inside the case.
• Attach the screws from outside of the case and tighten them.
Step 11: Mount the Power Supply
The installation process of the power supply depends on the type of case being
assembled. Refer to the documentation provided by the manufacturer of your case and follow
the instructions provided.

• Line up the mounting holes in the power supply and case.

• Attach the screws and tighten them.
Step 12: Fasten the Cables
The number of wires that you will find after installing all the components can seem
overwhelming. For your safety, refer to the manual provided with the motherboard to check
that the connections made are correct. This will also prevent damage to your system.

• The motherboard has two power connections as well as two connectors intended for
SATA devices or drives. The other connectors are in charge of running the fans and
other devices that are non-SATA.
• Data cables connect the drives and front panel devices to the motherboard. Drives and
front panel devices are connected to the motherboard by data cables. Check the
manual that comes with your motherboard to find out the correct placement of these
cables.
Step 13: Bundle up the Computer
• Once all the parts have been installed, re-attach the side panels onto the case.
Boot the computer to check if the CPU is running properly and if each
component had been installed properly. Software can be installed onto your PC
after confirming that installation was successful. In case of any problems, refer
to each component's manual for specific troubleshooting information.

41
 What’s More

Activity 1. Self-Check
Arrange the steps or procedure in assembling a computer system.

_______ A. Mount the Hard Drive

_______ B. Mount the RAM
_______ C. Preparation of Parts and Tools
_______ D. Mount the Optical Drive
_______ E. Mount the CPU Fan
_______ F. Preparing the case for assembly
_______ G. Ground yourself
_______ H. Mount the Motherboard
_______ I. Bundle up the Computer
_______ J. Mount the CPU
_______ K. Fasten the Cables
_______ L. Mount the Case Fan
_______ M. Mount the Power Supply

What I Have Learned

In order to assemble completely and successfully a computer system, we need to

strictly follow the procedures to obtain 100% functionality.

42
 What I Can Do

What is my performance!!!
COMPUTER SYSTEM ASSEMBLY

Equipment Complete computer system (not

necessarily a working system)

Materials/Tools Long-nose pliers

Screwdrivers
Anti-static wrist strap
Thermal paste

Procedure 1. Work in pair

2. Mount the motherboard.
3. Connect the necessary
components, interfaces,
connectors, and cables.
4. Mount the disk drives to the
drive bays.
5. Connect the necessary
computer peripheral devices.
6. Let the teacher check your
assembly,
7. Take turns in doing the activity.

43
 Assessment

Title: Parts of Computer

Performance Objective: The students should be able to identify the different parts of
computer.

Supplies/Materials : Notebook, ballpen ( for taking down notes)

Equipment : Parts of computer

Steps/Procedure:
Given are the following materials, you should be able to identify, and explain the
function of different parts of computer:
1. CPU 6. Monitor
2. Hard Disk Drive 7. Mouse
3. Mother board 8. Keyboard
4. RAM/ROM 9. I/O Port (LAN Port, Serial Port,
5. System Unit USB Port, Audio and game Port)
10. Power Supply

Performance Rubrics
EARLY DEVELOPING
CRITERIA PROFICIENT SCORES
TECHNOLOGY PROFICIENT
(5) (7) (10)

Followed the Did not follow Some Accurately

given the given instructions/ followed the
instructions/ procedures from procedures instruction/
procedures start finish. A lot were followed procedures
from start to of redirection accurately from start to
finish. needed finish.

44
 Identified parts Identified only Identified at Identified all
of computer at least 5 least 7 the given
hardware. computer parts computer parts of
accurately parts computer
accurately accurately
Demonstrate Explained at Explained
Explained only
the function least 7 all the
5 functions of
of different functions of functions of
the parts of
parts parts of the parts of
computer. computer.
computer. computer
Give safety Gave at least 5 Gave at least Gave at
precaution safety 7 safety least 10
in handling precaution in precaution in safety
computer handling handling precaution
parts computer parts computer in handling
parts computer
parts
Time Able to finsih Able to
Unable to
Management the task on finish the
finish the task
time task before
the time
TOTAL /50

Teacher’s Comments and Suggestions:

Name of Parent/Guardian Signature:

Additional Activities

1. How to install operating System?

2. Where to start when installing an operating system?
3. What are you going to configure?

45
 46
What's More Assessment
A. 6
B. 8
C. 1
D. 5
E. 9
F. 2
G. 3
H. 4
I. 13
J. 7
K. 12
L. 10
M. 11
Answer Key
References

Maria Luisa G. Capundag, M. Ed., et. al. VOCTEK Computer System Servicing
Module 3, 1st Edition 2016. TechFactors Inc.

47
 Lesson Power-On Self-Test (POST) Basic Input/Output
4 System (BIOS) Configuration
Many people thought that a computer’s BIOS and CMOS are the same, but actually
they are not. BIOS and CMOS are two distinct computer components that work together to
make the computer function well.

BIOS is a chip that starts up the computer while the CMOS is a chip as a storage
device of all the data needed for the computer to start up.

What’s In

How to assemble computer? What are the procedures in doing it? How to start the
assembly?

What’s New

Look at the picture below. What do you think these pictures are?

48
 What is It

BASIC INPUT/OUTPUT SYSTEM

BIOS is a program stored on a motherboard's memory chip that gives instructions for
the computer to do basic functions such as booting and keyboard controlling. It is also used
in the identification and configuration of hardware installation.
BIOS can be accessed based on the computer units model or motherboard and can
be configured through the BIOS Setup Utility. As a basic part of the motherboard, the BIOS
thus functions outside of any installed operating system. BIOS components present hardware
configuration options that can be altered through the setup utility. Any changes are applied
after saving and rebooting the computer.

Common functions of BIOS

• Changing the boot order
• Loading BIOS setup defaults
• Creating and removing a BIOS password
• Changing drive settings
• Changing floppy and CD/DVD drive settings
• Viewing amount of memory installed
• Changing the boot up numlock status
• Enabling or disabling the quick power on self-test (POST)
• Enabling or disabling the CPU internal cache
• Enabling or disabling the caching of BIOS
• Changing CPU, memory, and system voltage settings

CONFIGURING BIOS
1. Determine your CPU's main characteristics/ parameters.
2. Provide adequate processor cooling.
3. Press Delete key right at the start up to enter the BIOS Setup program.
4. Enter the main menu,
5. Manage and adjust the settings of the different processor parameters.
6. Follow the instructions that will be displayed on your Screen.
7. Save the settings and exit the BIOS Setup program.

CMOS (COMPLEMENTARY METAL-OXIDE SEMICONDUCTOR)

CMOS is considered one of the most widely used integrated designs for it is almost
found in every computer product such as laptops, handheld devices, and even mainframes.
CMOS is a RAM chip located on the computers motherboard. It is a kind of memory
chip that stores data about a computer's components and its settings, such as date, time, and

49
system setup. In case the power of your CMOS RAM dies, all the stored information will be
lost, and your computer will b0ot with the default CMOS setting, Hence, it is a good notion to
have a backup copy of all the information stored in your computer's CMOS.

CONFIGURING CMOS
1. Press Delete right at the start up to enter the CMOS Setup program.
2. Load setup defaults.
3. Enter the current date and time.
4. Modify the listed items according to your preferred boot sequence.
5. Check your computer's CPU settings.
6. Check your computer's RAM.
7. Change plug and play settings to your preferred set.
8. Enable the controller if you wish to use any USB device. Enable USB 2.0 and legacy
support to allow your USB devices to work on their maximum capacity.
9. Enable options for your preferred drives.
10. Save the changes you have done and exit.

What’s More

What are some of the key to be press from the keyboard to enter CMOS or BIOS
setup?

1. _____________
2. _____________
3. _____________
4. _____________

What I Have Learned

There are four main functions of PC BIOS:

1. POST – Test the computer hardware and make sure no errors exist before
loading the operating system
2. Bootstrap Loader – Locate the operating system. I a capable operating
system is located, the BIOS will pass control to it.
3. BIOS Drivers – Low-level drivers that give the computer basic operational
control over your computer’s hardware
4. BIOS setup or CMOS setup – Configuration program that allows you to
configure hardware settings including system such as computer passwords,
time, and date.

50
 What I Can Do

What is my performance!!!
COMPUTER SYSTEM ASSEMBLY

Equipment Complete computer system (not

necessarily a working system)

Materials/Tools Long-nose pliers

Screwdrivers
Anti-static wrist strap
Thermal paste

Procedure 1. Work in pair

2. Open CMOS or BIOS setting
3. Set Removable Disk as
primary boot.
4. Set HDD as secondary boot
5. Let the teacher check your
assembly,
6. Take turns in doing the
activity.

Assessment

Title: Parts of Computer

Performance Objective: The students should be able to identify the different parts of
computer.

Supplies/Materials : Notebook, ballpen ( for taking down notes)

Equipment : Computer System

Steps/Procedure:
Given are the following task to accomplish:
1. Open CMOS or BIOS setting
2. Set Removable Disk as primary boot.

51
 3. Set HDD as secondary boot

Performance Rubrics
EARLY DEVELOPING
CRITERIA PROFICIENT SCORES
TECHNOLOGY PROFICIENT
(5) (7) (10)

Followed the Did not follow Some Accurately

given the given instructions/ followed the
instructions/ procedures from procedures instruction/
procedures start finish. A lot were followed procedures
from start to of redirection accurately from start to
finish. needed finish.

Open BIOS or Can open BIOS Can open Can open

CMOS setup or CMOS setup BIOS or BIOS or
dependently CMOS setup CMOS setup
with less accurately
supervision and
from the independent
teacher ly..
Demonstrate Explained the accurately
Explained the process of
the process Explained
process of CMOS or
of setting up BIOS setup the process
CMOS or BIOS
CMOS or with less of CMOS or
setup with full supervision
BIOS. BIOS setup
supervision of
accurately
the teacher
Time Able to finish Able to
Unable to
Management the task on finish the
finish the task
time task before
the time
TOTAL /40

Teacher’s Comments and Suggestions:

Name of Parent/Guardian Signature:

Additional Activities

1. How to install operating System?

2. Where to start when installing an operating system?
3. What are you going to configure?

52
 53
What's More Assessment
1. F2
2. F10
3. F12
4. F9
5. F11
6. Delete
Answer Key
References

Maria Luisa G. Capundag, M. Ed., et. al. VOCTEK Computer System Servicing
Module 3, 1st Edition 2016. TechFactors Inc.

54
For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:
Department of Education – Division of Guihulngan City

Office Address: Osmeṅa Ave.,Poblacion

Guihulngan City

Telefax: 035-410-4006

E-mail Address: guihulngan.city@deped.gov.ph

55