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Chapter 8: Arrays

TRUE/FALSE

1. You can declare an array variable by placing curly brackets after the array name.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 398

2. When an application contains an array and you want to use every element of the array in some task, it
is common to perform loops that vary the loop control variable from 0 to one less than the size of the
array.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 406

3. When you want to determine whether a variable holds one of many valid values, one option is to use a
do…while loop to compare the variable to a series of valid values.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 418

4. When using parallel arrays, if one array has many possible matches, it is most efficient to place the
less common items first so that they are matched right away.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 420

5. Many programmers feel that breaking out of a for loop early disrupts the loop flow and makes the
code harder to understand.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 421

6. When initializing an array, you must initialize all elements or none.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 404

7. When you create an array variable, memory space is automatically reserved.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 399

8. When array elements are passed by value, a copy of the value is made and used within the receiving
method.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 426-427

9. Since an array name is a reference, you are able to use the = operator for assigning and the == operator
for comparisons.

ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 427

10. When returning an array reference, square brackets are included with the return type in the method
header.

ANS: T PTS: 1 REF: 429

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. After you create an array variable, you still need to ____ memory space.
a. create c. reserve
b. organize d. dump
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 399

2. In Java, the size of an array ____ declared immediately following the array name.
a. can be c. is never
b. is always d. should be
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 399

3. Languages such as Visual Basic, BASIC, and COBOL use ____ to refer to individual array elements.
a. ( ) c. { }
b. [ ] d. < >
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 399

4. A(n) ____ is an integer contained within square brackets that indicates one of an array’s variables.
a. postscript c. variable header
b. subscript d. indicator
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 399

5. When you declare an array name, no computer memory address is assigned to it. Instead, the array
variable name has the special value ____, or Unicode value ‘\u0000’.
a. empty c. false
b. null d. zero
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 404

6. In Java, boolean array elements automatically are assigned the value ____.
a. null c. true
b. ‘\u0000’ d. false
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 404

7. When you create an array of objects, each reference is assigned the value ____.
a. null c. true
b. ‘\u0000’ d. false
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 404

8. You use a ____ following the closing brace of an array initialization list.
a. . c. :
b. ; d. ,
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 404

9. Providing values for all the elements in an array is called ____ the array.
a. populating c. filling
b. declaring d. irrigating
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 404
10. When any ____ type (boolean, char, byte, short, int, long, float, or double) is passed
to a method, the value is passed.
a. array c. element
b. dummy d. primitive
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 427

11. The length ____ contains the number of elements in the array.
a. box c. area
b. field d. block
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 407

12. A(n) ____ loop allows you to cycle through an array without specifying the starting and ending points
for the loop control variable.
a. do…while c. enhanced for
b. inner d. enhanced while
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 407

13. If a class has only a default constructor, you must call the constructor using the keyword ____ for each
declared array element.
a. default c. first
b. new d. object
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 411

14. Comparing a variable to a list of values in an array is a process called ____ an array.
a. validating c. checking
b. using d. searching
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 418

15. A ____ array is one with the same number of elements as another, and for which the values in
corresponding elements are related.
a. cloned c. property
b. parallel d. two-dimensional
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 419

16. When you initialize parallel arrays, it is convenient to use ____ so that the values that correspond to
each other visually align on the screen or printed page.
a. tabs c. spacing
b. indentation d. dashes
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 420

17. When you perform a ____, you compare a value to the endpoints of numerical ranges to find the
category in which a value belongs.
a. range match c. reference
b. sort d. search
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 422

18. It is a good programming practice to ensure that a subscript to an array does not fall below zero,
causing a(n) ____.
 a. array dump c. conundrum
b. runtime error d. compiling error
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 423

19. Individual array elements are ____ by value when a copy of the value is made and used within the
receiving method.
a. sorted c. received
b. passed d. stored
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 426-427

20. Primitive type variables are always passed by ____.

a. value c. location
b. reference d. memory
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 428

21. When a method returns an array reference, you include ____ with the return type in the method header.
a. { } c. < >
b. ( ) d. [ ]
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 429

22. Which of the following println statements will display the last myScores element in an array of
10?
a. System.out.println(vals[0]); c. System.out.println(vals[9]);
b. System.out.println(vals[1]); d. System.out.println(vals[10]);
ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 400

23. Which of the following statements correctly declares and creates an array to hold five double scores
values?
a. integer[] scores = new double[5] c. double[] = new scores[5]
b. double[] scores = new integer[5] d. double[] scores = new double[5]
ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 400

24. Which of the following statements correctly initializes an array with an initialization list?
a. int[] nums = {2, 4, 8}; c. int nums = [2, 4, 8];
b. int[] nums = (2, 4, 8); d. int nums() = int{2, 4, 8}
ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 404

25. In which of the following statements is the value of myVals null?

a. int myVals = "" c. myVals = int[null]
b. int [] myVals; d. int[null] = myVals
ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 404

COMPLETION

1. A(n) ____________________ is a named list of data items that all have the same type.

ANS: array
 PTS: 1 REF: 398

2. When you declare or access an array, you can use any expression to represent the size, as long as the
expression is a(n) ____________________.

ANS: integer

PTS: 1 REF: 400

3. When you declare int[] someNums = new int[10];, each element of someNums has a value
of ____________________ because someNums is a numeric array.

ANS:
0
zero

PTS: 1 REF: 404

4. An instance variable or object field is also called a(n) ____________________ of the object.

ANS: property

PTS: 1 REF: 407

5. When any primitive type is passed to a method, the ____________________ is passed.

ANS: value

PTS: 1 REF: 427

MATCHING

Match each term with the correct statement below.

a. array variable f. length
b. reference type g. foreach loop
c. elements h. reference types
d. int i. return
e. Java object names
1. Numbered beginning with 0
2. An array field
3. An enhanced for loop
4. Declared in the same way you declare any simple variable
5. A nonprimitive object
6. A primitive type
7. Represent computer memory addresses
8. A statement used to return an array from a method
9. Hold memory addresses where values are stored

1. ANS: C PTS: 1 REF: 399

2. ANS: F PTS: 1 REF: 407
3. ANS: G PTS: 1 REF: 408
 4. ANS: A PTS: 1 REF: 398
5. ANS: B PTS: 1 REF: 427
6. ANS: D PTS: 1 REF: 427
7. ANS: E PTS: 1 REF: 403
8. ANS: I PTS: 1 REF: 429
9. ANS: H PTS: 1 REF: 427

SHORT ANSWER

1. Describe a situation in which storing just one value at a time in memory does not meet your needs.

ANS:
At times you might encounter situations in which storing just one value at a time in memory does not
meet your needs. For example, a sales manager who supervises 20 employees might want to determine
whether each employee has produced sales above or below the average amount. When you enter the
first employee’s sales value into an application, you can’t determine whether it is above or below
average because you don’t know the average until you have all 20 values. Unfortunately, if you
attempt to assign 20 sales values to the same variable, when you assign the value for the second
employee, it replaces the value for the first employee.

PTS: 1 REF: 398

2. What is a subscript and how are the array’s elements numbered?

ANS:
A subscript is an integer contained within square brackets that indicates one of an array’s variables, or
elements. In Java, any array’s elements are numbered beginning with 0, so you can legally use any
subscript from 0 to 19 when working with an array that has 20 elements.

PTS: 1 REF: 399

3. What does an array’s name represent and what value does it hold when declared?

ANS:
Array names represent computer memory addresses; that is, array names contain references, as do all
Java objects. When you declare an array name, no computer memory address is assigned to it. Instead,
the array variable name has the special value null, or Unicode value ‘\u0000’. When you declare
int[] someNums;, the variable someNums has a value of null.

PTS: 1 REF: 404

4. When working with arrays, why is it beneficial to use a loop with a declared symbolic constant equal
to the size of the array?

ANS:
It is convenient to declare a symbolic constant equal to the size of the array and use the symbolic
constant as a limiting value in every loop that processes the array. That way, if the array size changes
in the future, you need to modify only the value stored in the symbolic constant, and you do not need
to search for and modify the limiting value in every loop that processes the array.

PTS: 1 REF: 407

5. When using an array with all elements used, why would a programmer use a loop control variable
from 0 to one less than the size of the array? Give an example.

ANS:
When an application contains an array and you want to use every element of the array in some task, it
is common to perform loops that vary the loop control variable from 0 to one less than the size of the
array. For example, if you get input values for the elements in the array, alter every value in the array,
sum all the values in the array, or display every element in the array, you need to perform a loop that
executes the same number of times as there are elements.

PTS: 1 REF: 406

6. How would you use a method that belongs to an object that is part of the array? Use an example and
demonstrate with Java code.

ANS:
To use a method that belongs to an object that is part of an array, you insert the appropriate subscript
notation after the array name and before the dot that precedes the method name. For example, to print
data for seven Employees stored in the emp array, you can write the following:

for(int x = 0; x < NUM_EMPLOYEES; ++x)

System.out.println (emp[x].getEmpNum() + " " +
emp[x].getSalary());

PTS: 1 REF: 411

7. Why would you use spacing when initializing parallel arrays?

ANS:
When you initialize parallel arrays, it is convenient to use spacing so that the values that correspond to
each other visually align on the screen or printed page.

PTS: 1 REF: 420

8. How would a programmer perform a range match when writing an application that takes into
consideration different discount rates for customers? Give an example.

ANS:
Create two corresponding arrays and perform a range match, in which you compare a value to the
endpoints of numerical ranges to find the category in which a value belongs. For example, one array
can hold the five discount rates, and the other array can hold five discount range limits. If you only use
the first figure in each range, you can create an array that holds five low limits:

int[] discountRangeLimit= {1, 13, 50, 100, 200};

A parallel array can hold the five discount rates:

double[] discountRate = {0, 0.10, 0.14, 0.18, 0.20};

Then, starting at the last discountRangeLimit array element, for any numOfItems greater than
or equal to discountRangeLimit[4], the appropriate discount is discount[4]. In other
words, for any numOrdered less than discountRangeLimit[4], you should decrement the
subscript and look in a lower range.
 PTS: 1 REF: 422

9. What is different about passing an array to a method rather than passing a primitive type to a method?

ANS:
The outcome is quite different when you pass an array (that is, pass its name) to a method. Arrays, like
all nonprimitive objects, are reference types; this means that the object actually holds a memory
address where the values are stored and the receiving method gets a copy of the array’s actual memory
address. Therefore, the receiving method has access to, and the ability to alter, the original values in
the array elements in the calling method.

PTS: 1 REF: 426-427

10. How can you use the enhanced for loop?

ANS:
You can use the enhanced for loop to cycle through an array of objects. For example, to display data
for seven Employees stored in the emp array, you can write the following:

for(Employee worker : emp)

System.out.println(worker.getEmpNum() + " " + worker.getSalary();

In this loop, worker is a local variable that represents each element of emp in turn. Using the
enhanced for loop eliminates the need to use a limiting value for the loop and eliminates the need for
a subscript following each element.

PTS: 1 REF: 412

11. When populating an array with an initialization list, you do not need to use the new keyword or
provide an array size. Explain why this is the case.

ANS:
When you populate an array upon creation by providing an initialization list, you do not
give the array a size because the size is assigned based on the number of values you place in the
initializing list. Also, when you initialize an array, you do not need to use the keyword new. New
memory is assigned based on the length of the list of provided values.

PTS: 1 REF: 404

12. Why is the length field a good option when writing a loop that manipulates an array? What
programming error is common when attempting to use length as an array method?

ANS:
You can use a field (instance variable) that is automatically assigned a value for every array you
create. The length field contains the number of elements in the array. Later, if you modify the size
of the array and recompile the program, the value in the length field of the array changes
appropriately. When you work with array elements, it is always better to use a symbolic constant or the
length field when writing a loop that manipulates an array.

A frequent programmer error is to attempt to use length as an array method, referring to

xxx.length(). However, length is not an array method; it is a field. An instance
 variable or object field such as length is also called a property of the object.

PTS: 1 REF: 407

13. While you can provide any legal identifier you want for an array, conventional rules are typically
followed. List and describe the naming conventions for naming arrays.

ANS:
Java programmers conventionally name arrays by following the same rules they use for variables:
Array names start with a lowercase letter.
Use uppercase letters to begin subsequent words.

Additionally, many programmers observe one of the following conventions to make it

more obvious that the name represents a group of items:
Arrays are often named using a plural noun such as studentScores.
Arrays are often named by adding a final word that implies a group, such as salesList.

PTS: 1 REF: 398-399

14. int[] sixNumbers = {1, 2, 3, 4};

The above code creates an array named sixNumbers. Describe how array sizes are determined when
using an initialization list and how memory is assigned.

ANS:
When you populate an array upon creation by providing an initialization list, you do not give the array
a size—the size is assigned based on the number of values you place in the initializing list. For
example, the sixNumbers array in the sample code has a size of 4. Also, when you initialize an
array, you do not need to use the keyword new because new memory is assigned based on the length
of the list of provided values. In Java, you cannot directly initialize part of an array. For example, you
cannot create an array of 10 elements and initialize only five; you must initialize either every element
or none of them.

PTS: 1 REF: 404

15. The following statement declares an array:

int[] increaseValues = new int[5]

final int PLUSTWO = 2;

Create a loop that will add 2 to every array element. Use a symbolic constant named PLUSTWO and
use the length field in the loop that will contain the number of elements in the array.

ANS:
for(counter = 0; counter < increaseValues.length; ++counter)
increaseValues[counter] += PLUSTWO;

PTS: 1 REF: 406-407

CASE

1. public class CostArray

 {
public static void main(String[] args)
{
double[] costs = new double[3];
costs[0] = 5.00;
costs[1] = 7.00;
costs[2] = 9.00;
System.out.println(costs[3]);
}
}

Once the above code is compiled and executed, an error message is generated. Explain the error
message that will result and explain the reason for the error.

ANS:
An out-of-bounds error is generated when the code is compiled and executed. The last executable line
in the code is an output statement that attempts to display a costs value using a subscript that is
beyond the range of the array: System.out.println(costs[3]). The program will run
successfully when the subscript used with the array is 0, 1, or 2. However, when the subscript reaches
3, the ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException error is generated. The message indicates that the
subscript is out of bounds and that the offending index is 3.

PTS: 1 REF: 403

2. String[] countyNames = {"Clark", "Delaware", "Madison"};

Using the above statement, what will be the value of countyNames[0], countyNames[1], and
countyNames[2]?

ANS:
countyNames[0] will hold the value “Clark”
countyNames[1] will hold the value “Delaware”
countyNames[2] will hold the value “Madison”

PTS: 1 REF: 412

3. Write the statement to create an array named studentScores that will store five integer value
student scores. Initialize the array using an initialization list with the values 70, 85, 92, 67, and 76.

ANS:
int[] studentScores = {70, 85, 92, 67, 76};

PTS: 1 REF: 404

4. Using just one statement, declare and create an array that will reserve memory locations for 10
scores values that are type double.

ANS:
double[] scores = new double[10];

PTS: 1 REF: 399

5. Write the statement to declare an array of integers that will hold studentScores.
 ANS:
int[] studentScores;

PTS: 1 REF: 398

6. double[] studentScores;
double studentScores[];

Are both of the above statements valid for declaring an array variable? Why or why not?

ANS:
You declare an array variable in the same way you declare any simple variable, but you insert a pair of
square brackets after the type. To declare an array of double values to hold studentScores, you
can write the following:

double[] studentScores;

In Java, you can also declare an array variable by placing the square brackets after the array name, as
in double studentScores[];. This format is familiar to C and C++ programmers, but the
preferred format among Java programmers is to place the brackets following the variable type and
before the variable name.

PTS: 1 REF: 398

7. String[] countyNames = {"Clark", "Delaware", "Madison"};

What will be the value of countyNames[0].length(), countyNames[1].length(), and

countyNames[2].length()?

ANS:
countyNames[0].length() will have a value of 5
countyNames[1].length() will have a value of 8
countyNames[2].length() will have a value of 7

PTS: 1 REF: 407

8. public static int[] sampleArray()

{
int studentScores = {72, 91, 83};
____
}

Using the above code, write the statement that will return the array name.

ANS:
return studentScores;

PTS: 1 REF: 429

9. Write the statement to declare an array variable named studentScores with type double. Write a
second statement to create an array of 10 objects.
 ANS:
double[] studentScores;
studentScores = new double [10];

PTS: 1 REF: 399

10. double[] studentScores = new double[3];

studentScores[0] = 93;
studentScores[1] = 77;
studentScores[2] = 85;

Write a println statement to display the last element of the studentScores array.

ANS:
System.out.println(studentScores[2]);

PTS: 1 REF: 399-400

Other documents randomly have
different content
 XLVIII
A BROKEN SENTENCE FINISHED

ENERAL Agathocles recognized the magnanimity of

Judas in granting him the alternative of remaining in
Jerusalem under the honorable guard of Dion, or of
joining his own people. He chose the latter course. Yet
from day to day he postponed his departure. It was
whispered that his fatherly affection and authority would ultimately
win back his son from his Jewish allegiance; but a few, among them
Jonathan, shook their heads at this.
At length the General must take up his journey.
"My son, it may be—but the gods forbid it—that we shall not meet
again. I would always keep you in my mind as in a mirror. It will not
be enough that I learn of your welfare, and your doings; I would
make your very thoughts my own, and so live within your life, be it
glad or sorrowful. You have revealed to me that much of your
thought will be given to this woman you have learned to love. May
she prove all that your partiality has dreamed her to be! But beware!
We do not love our ideal, so much as we idealize what we love. I
would see this woman, so that I may know more of yourself, since it
is evident that her image moulds itself in you as a seal in wax. If I
can see her, I will more plainly see you."
Together they sought the house of Elkiah. The outer door being ajar
they entered the court without announcement, and without being
observed by the actors in a scene at the moment transpiring. Dion
would have advanced, but Agathocles laid his hand upon his arm
and detained him.
The fountain statue of Aphrodite had been removed. The water shot
up as of old in a thin shaft, and fell in spray upon the surface of the
broad lower basin, glistening like the dust of gold in the morning
sunshine. Beside the fountain in a great chair sat Gideon ben Sirach.
Deborah was with him. The old man's eyes seemed enchanted by
the play of the sparkling water. He extended his hands and clutched
as if to hold the warmth of the sun that fell upon them. His features
were drawn out of shape by the palsy. Dion thought of a house from
which the occupant is about to remove, its furniture displaced, much
of it already gone; for Sirach's face was empty of the old expression
of his soul. It was evident that much of the meaning of his life, the
furniture of his mind, had been removed even from his memory.
Deborah sat upon a little bench, where Sirach's feet also rested. She
took his withered hands, and rubbed them as if to impart to them
some of her own vitality.
"You can hear to-day, Gideon?"
His eyes turned toward her, but his features were as immobile as a
death-mask.
"You have no pain, Gideon? And God's own peace is with you? Yes, I
can read it in your eyes. Judas is now lord of Jerusalem; do you
understand? He bids me say that your master's property shall be
sacredly kept until its rightful owner comes home. He and I will seek
him. You hear, and understand? Gideon, you are an old man, and
near to the life of the blessed. Let me put your hands upon my
head, that the daughter of Elkiah may have the blessing of her
father's friend. Here, by this very fountain, my father and your
master have often sat in the years that are gone."
She bowed her head, and lifted Sirach's thin white fingers to her
black hair. So white were they that they seemed like points of light,
radiating the blessing they would impart.
Agathocles whispered to Dion: "Come away! This is no place for a
stranger."
They walked far down the street before either of them spoke. At
length Dion awoke his father from his reverie.
"You have seen her, father."
"There was never but one fairer woman," replied Agathocles. "Dion,
with such a woman to love you, I could leave you willingly in
Jerusalem or in the desert. Does she give you her favor? If so, here
abide. If she will not love you, Dion, flee; flee with me—to the wars,
over the seas, anywhere; and pray that the gods give you every day
a drink from Lethe's waters of forgetfulness. That woman, my boy,
will fill a man's heart or break it. Does she love you?"
"I would that I knew, father."
"Then find out, and at once. If so, stay here. Become a Jew, an
Arab, or what she bids you. Her answer will make Jerusalem either
Elysium or Tartarus for you."
"But," replied Dion, "I would that you knew her. I may not tell her
that my father left the city without caring to speak a word with her.
Though she love me not, I have been too intimate in the house of
Elkiah for so unkindly a departure."
"It shall be as you say," replied the General. "What women these
Jews have! Dion—but no—I will not say it; for what slips down from
the lips never climbs back again. Let us go again to the house of
Elkiah. An old Greek never loses his gallantry. If your heart fails you,
Dion, I will pay my own homage at her feet. Does that prick you?
Come."
When they re-entered the court, Deborah had risen. She stood by
the chair, holding Sirach's hands and gazing closely into his eyes.
Hearing footsteps, and supposing them to be those of the servants,
she did not turn to look, but cried:
"Quick! Help! Sirach is stricken. See! His eyes do not follow one. I
fear he is dead. Sirach! Gideon! Alas, he does not hear."
The two men drew near. Deborah, absorbed with the face that was
growing rigid, and with the hands that were becoming as lead in her
grasp, did not recognize the visitors. Agathocles startled her.
Forgetting that he was a stranger, and caught by sudden emotion,
he exclaimed:
"By all the gods! It is Sirach, servant of Shattuck! How came this
man here? Dion, tell me, knew you this man?"
Then, the first surprise past, the General made his obeisance to
Deborah, as Dion announced his name:
"My father, General Agathocles, begs to salute the daughter of Elkiah
before he leaves the city."
Deborah rose. The gracefulness of her courtesy as she recognized
her visitors matched her beauty. The Greek afterward said it was as
fitting as the light is to the flame which emits it.
"You are welcome to our home, sir, both for your own sake and the
sake of Dion. But do you know this good man whom God has just
taken from us?"
"I knew him," replied the Greek, bowing beside the stiffening form.
"I knew Gideon ben Sirach. And aye for a good man too."
He raised the deformed arm of the dead man, and pressed it to his
lips. He drew up Sirach's loose sleeve, and looked long upon a
terrible scar that lay among the shrivelled muscles. Then, speaking
to himself, seemingly unaware that he was uttering his thoughts
aloud:
"To this poor hand, good Gideon, do I not owe more than to any
other, living or dead? These arms brought me my greatest treasure
—the only treasure I would live for, or die for."
Then, raising his face as if to discern the spirit of Sirach hovering
above his body, as it was believed by many in that age that newly
departed spirits were loath to venture suddenly out upon the great
unknown journey, and remained for a while near to their former
house of clay—he said:
"Gideon, let me speak the gratitude that I have longed these years
to tell into your living ears. Sirach! Alas, I have found him too late.
My thanks, good lady, to all in this house that such a man came to
no want in his last days."
Agathocles noted the surprise upon his son's face, and, looking
anxiously from one to another, asked:
"Did Sirach ever tell his story in this house?"
"We know his story," replied Deborah. "Never was man more faithful
to man than this man has been."
Agathocles took from her words more than she had meant.
"O Gideon! Gideon! why were not your lips stricken dumb before
they had uttered it?"
He shook the dead body in anger. "Gideon, you gave me my boy.
Why did you steal him away from me?"
He turned back and paced the court in his excitement. Suddenly he
stopped before Dion.
"Now I know why you would be a Jew. It was because you knew
that you are one. But I swear by all the gods! I swear by the
memory of my sweet Agnes! Dion, you are mine. Sirach lied to you.
Believe him not. Dion, you are my boy."
He held the young man fast as he would some captive seeking to
escape.
"And ever shall be yours, my father," replied Dion.
"Father? Say it again, Dion. That is a sweet word from your lips—
sweet as were the kisses of your mother. Swear to me, Dion, that
not even Gideon's story shall separate us."
"I swear it by Sirach's corpse that you are my father, and ever shall
be."
"Well, then"—taking Dion's cheeks between his hands—"then believe
Sirach. He has spoken the truth."
"But this is strange," replied the young man. "Gideon mentioned not
your name, father. He told us a story of Ctesiphon, the friend of one
Nahum."
"He spake not my name at all? He told you not that Agathocles was
not your father? Then, Gideon, you were faithful to me. But why,
now, did not those still lips open and check mine before they had
uttered the fatal words? But let it be so, since Dion is still my own."
"But who, then, was Ctesiphon, father?"
Agathocles stood a moment in thought. He then took Dion's arm and
led him away.
"Come, my boy; this is no place for us. Pardon me, my lady; let us
not intrude these matters of our privacy. We will come again, and
take part in honoring Sirach in his burial."
But what change had come over the fair woman? As the Greek had
seen her sitting by the side of the dead man, he noted how pale she
was within the hood of her raven hair; how Niobe-like was her
attitude. Now she was transformed, radiant; the blood tingeing her
cheeks like sunshine on snow. Her lips seemed to be about to utter
some passionate cry. Her hand clasped that of Dion.

There was another who saw this tableau and knew its meaning.
Judas Maccabæus had entered the court at the moment, and, as his
custom was, without heralding. He paused by the entrance. He took
in at a glance all the scene,—and saw also some things which were
not outwardly acted. Noting that he had been unobserved, he went
silently out, and with bowed head tramped along the Street of
David, through the Cheesemakers' Street, and out to the Hill of
Ophel, where he sat long upon a ruined coping of the Gymnasium,
and gazed down the Valley of Kedron, and over the slopes of the
mountains of the Wilderness. But, as Meph, who had followed him,
said to a comrade, "Judas looked, but he saw nothing."

Deborah had led her visitors into a room adjacent to the court. Here
Agathocles narrated that part of Sirach's story which the old
servant's sudden infirmity, many days before, had cut short.
"Ctesiphon! Well did Sirach give him praise. It was Ctesiphon who
dared to plead for the Jews before the raging Ptolemy. It was he
who, when the elephants were about to trample the Jews in the
arena, went in among them, and dragged Nahum away.
"Nahum's daughter, Sara, was at the time concealed at my house. I
had loved my neighbor's child alway, though we were of different
races. After King Ptolemy's rage had abated—thanks chiefly to
Ctesiphon's influence with the King—the Jews often came to my
house when they visited their kinsman Nahum. Thus I often saw
your father, Shattuck. He was a princely fellow; of wondrous
gentility; and withal as much shrewdness as any of his race. My
money I left with him, sure of its proper usury. He soon won the
affection of Sara, and they were betrothed and wedded according to
their nation's custom. The coming of Sara's child, and the death of
Shattuck, her husband, were near together. The attempt upon little
Gershom's life led me to take Sara and her babe to my home. To
better protect her from unknown enemies I brought her to
Macedonia. There she became my wife. She took the name of Agnes
for better concealment of her identity. Her child Gershom she
consented to call Dion. But this is no place to open the memories of
a broken heart."
He rose to go away. Deborah besought him to remain.
"No, no!" he replied, and he passed into the street, leaving Dion to
piece together the story as he might; or, if he cared, to begin his
own life-story anew.
An hour later a horn sounded from the parapet of the house of
Elkiah; for such was the custom of the Jews, that the passers-by
might know that death was within the walls. They washed the body
of Sirach, trimmed the hair and nails, and wrapped him in new white
linen. They laid the form upon a bier. A rabbi came, and spoke words
of eulogy over a faithful servant. Women entered the court, with
dishevelled hair, and, to the accompaniment of flutes, chanted a
weird mourning dirge, and cast dust of ashes toward the body.
About sunset a little procession emerged from the house. Ephraim
would have taken the position of chief mourner, as befitted his
condition at a fellow-servant's burial; but Agathocles displaced him,
and walked nearest to the bier. Dion went by his side.
Thus they buried Gideon ben Sirach on the slope of the vale of
Jehoshaphat, in the family tomb of the house of Shattuck—for so
Dion, now Gershom ben Shattuck, ordered it to be.
 XLIX
THE HIDDEN HAND

ROM the burial of Gideon ben Sirach, Dion and

Agathocles walked leisurely back toward the city. They
had much to talk about, both of the past and future,
and took a path less frequented than the common road.
Not far from the city gate stood a beggar. His filthy hair matted itself
about his head, and fell upon his bare and begrimed shoulders. His
chief garment might have been the remnant of a wine-skin, which
was tied with strings about the upper part of his body. His legs and
feet were bare—an advantage to such creatures, for his lower limbs
at least would get a bath of air and sunshine, and that of an
occasional shower. About his neck hung a basket which made its
mute solicitation for alms.
"These fellows are as proud as priests," said Dion. "They will ask
nothing of us, and will thank us for nothing we give."
"He poses like the statue of a god I once saw in Cyprus,"
commented Agathocles. "They had just dug it up out of the mud,
and hadn't scraped it."
"Don't go near him," replied Dion. "His filth doubtless has wings. Yet
it is well to give him a stater. He is supposed to mumble a blessing,
and I need one."
Dion advanced toward the man, and put his hand into his bosom to
draw his purse. The beggar sprang upon him with a cry of fury.
"At last I have you, you damned whelp of Shattuck!"
He drew a knife from beneath his dirty sheep-skin, and aimed a blow
at the breast of Dion. The thrust had surely done its intended work,
but for the quick evasion of the practised soldier. Before the wretch
could repeat the blow Dion had closed with him, grasped the uplifted
arm with his left hand, and with a dexterous wrench bent his
assailant until his head and heels nearly touched; then laid him on
the ground.
Agathocles started to help. He was instantly confronted by another
person who darted from behind a great olive-tree. But the General
had drawn his sword. The villain, though armed with a dagger, dared
not venture the encounter. He turned to flee; but the weapon of
Agathocles was through his body.
Dion stood a moment over the beggar he had felled.
"What madness is this?" he asked.
"Kill the wretch," cried Agathocles.
"Nay, father, my sword would not drink such foul blood."
They tied the wrists of the living man with the stout cords of his
beggar's basket.
"Why this assault?" asked Dion. "Were you mad with hunger?"
"Aye, hunger for you," replied the man.
"Who are you?" asked Dion.
"The scar on your forehead knows me, if you do not. But for the
man you have just buried, you had never had tongue to ask who I
am."
"I ought to know this man's face," said Agathocles, studying him
closely. "For years I have seen these eyes, like those of a panther as
it slinks away from one it dares not attack. In Alexandria, in
Macedon, in Rome, I have seen these same eyes spying on me. Let
me squeeze his secret out of him."
The General's hands were upon the man's throat.
"I am Cleon. Do you know me now?" gasped the wretch.
"Cleon? There was a Cleon in Alexandria, a vile procurer for the
beastly Ptolemy. Yes, those eyes are Cleon's, as sure as ever snake
owned his. But I never harmed you, Cleon. Why do you pursue me?"
"You lie!" wheezed the man. "You were always in my way. You call
me a snake. Well! have you not both writhed when I bit you? You,
Dion, have drunk my poison; and the great Agathocles was in the
mines in Sicily, where I—I—Cleon sent him. I have had my
vengeance. Now take yours."
"I see it all," said the General. "This Cleon, panderer to the vilest folk
of Alexandria, was the agent of those who would have stolen the
estate of Shattuck, but for the influence of Ctesiphon and myself,
and the help of Gideon. It was Cleon's hand that struck you, Dion,
when a babe; the mark of which blow Gideon carried to his grave. It
was the same hand that mixed the poison for us both in Macedonia.
It was this man's tongue, black with perjury, that gave the lying
information against me to the Romans."
"Well, now you know me," said the man with assumed indifference,
"you can only kill me."
"Let us take him into the city," said Agathocles. "This man is so false
that I can hardly believe his damning confession against himself
without better evidence."
"Not into the city! Not into the city!" cried the captive. "Not into the
city! For God's sake, kill me here."
He writhed, not seemingly to break his cord, but rather to wrest his
soul from the grip of his own body, and thus escape from life ere
some deeper curse should befall him.
"Not into the Holy City! Not near to the Temple! O God of Abraham!
Mercy! Mercy! Not into the city!"
He raised his head, and, before his captors were aware of his
purpose, he dashed it against a stone, as if to make an exit for the
spirit that felt itself being consigned to perdition.
"Ah, Cleon," said Dion, "there is a worse poison than you have mixed
for us; poison that no medicine will purge from the blood. You have
swallowed your own memories, and they grip hard, do they? But
why should you pray to the God of the Jews? Such a scoundrel as
you cannot be Jew."
The man's response was a compound of the most dreadful oaths
and vilest expletives known to the tongues of Jew or Greek.
"You tempt me to kill you," said Agathocles; "but that might end
your misery. We will let you live. If you dread the Temple, then to
the Temple you shall go."
The commotion had drawn a crowd. Among them was Ephraim, the
old servant of Elkiah. He at once identified Cleon as a Jew who in his
youth had been driven from Jerusalem by the libertine set of young
men, as one infected with vices which were too fetid for even their
debauched tastes. One of his unconscionable pranks had been the
defiling of some of the sacred vessels of the Temple—which
doubtless accounted for his dread of dying near the holy precincts.
In Alexandria—so Ephraim had heard—he had been refused
admission to the Synagogue, and had openly apostatized, assuming
the Greek name of Cleon instead of his own, Naaman.
The dead accomplice of the false beggar could not be identified. He
was clearly not a Jew. On his body were found several letters written
in Aramaic, the common language of Syria and adjacent countries.
One of these read as follows:
"More money? Not an obole until your job is finished. We
cannot depend upon the fool Cleon. Go with him. Stick to
his heels. He cannot be trusted by himself. Ben Shattuck is
in Jerusalem. He is called Dion,—a captain once in the
Greek guard. But he has scented out his own Jewish
blood, and will go back to it, like a dog to his vomit. Send
proof that you have executed your business with him, or,
by the tail of Satan, I will have you accused of the crimes
you have already committed."
This letter was unsigned.
"I should know that writing," said Dion. "It is none other than that of
Menelaos."
"The same, no doubt," said Ephraim, studying it carefully. "I could
tell you more of that Priest than has yet been published. But bring
not this reprobate into the city. Maccabæus is cleansing the place,
and would not abide such foulness. My counsel is that you deal with
him here."
"Leave him to us," shouted the crowd.
In spite of Dion's remonstrance they tied the living man to the body
of his dead confederate, and carried them both down to the Valley of
Hinnom.
What things were there done may not be written.
 L
THE VENGEANCE OF JUDAS

T required no especial acuteness on the part of Judas to

discern the meaning of that tableau he had witnessed in
the court of Elkiah's house, when Deborah stood hand
in hand with Dion. It was clearly as significant to him as
the fabled scene in which Eros awakens Psyche with a
kiss would have been to Agathocles. He had also overheard enough
of the General's story to discover that, if Dion were his rival for the
affection of Deborah, he himself, though of the blood of Mattathias,
which had been kept pure from foreign taint through all generations,
had in this respect no advantage over his competitor. As Gershom
ben Shattuck, Dion could satisfy the strictest interpreter of the Law.
The Prophet Nehemiah himself could have found no flaw in
Shattuck's line, with all that Reformer's zealotry against mixed
marriages.
Strong man that Judas was, the keen eyes of Meph, who had
watched him as he came out of Elkiah's doorway that day, noted
that the giant staggered a little, just for an instant. Others remarked
that the great man seemed unusually absorbed with his own
thoughts, and did not return their salutation as was his custom.
"A big raid, doubtless, to clean out the tribesmen from around
Hebron; or a campaign in the direction of Antioch itself," a captain of
the guard was overheard to say.
"Or something as momentous," was the reply of a comrade, "for it
takes a heavy project to press Judas' head that far down upon his
shoulders."
Judas shut himself up in his private chamber.
The building and the great court before the old palace on Sion were
thronged with people. Many of these had been especially summoned
by the Messiah Malhamah, the "Anointed for War," as the nation
were content to call their leader until such time as he was disposed
to take the crown. Here thronged priests, some greatly renowned for
wisdom and piety, but who had been long in hiding. They came
wearing the rich robes of their office which they had treasured with
their lives; though some of these were in ragged semblance of their
former estate, having lost everything while they were enrolled in the
patriot army. There were also in the crowd learned rabbis, who had
been summoned to give their counsel regarding the reorganization
of the state, restoring the Temple and reordering the grades of
priests according to the ancient ritual. The bravest of the captains
were there, for Judas had announced his intention of widening the
scope of army operations, since he foresaw that the defence of
Judea depended upon the possession of far larger areas of territory
on every side.
Hours passed, and Judas did not appear, to meet those whom he
had summoned.
Simon and Jonathan at length ventured into his presence. The
champion sat by his table—an affair of ebony and gold, once the
writing-desk of the Syrian commandant, now but a fragment of its
former elegance. Its dilapidation was not out of keeping with the
aspect of the man who leaned upon it. The powerful frame of Judas
was bent as if he had lost some thought and was seeking to
rediscover it somewhere amid the scratches on the ebony polish. He
gave his guests no greeting. One might have imagined him a dead
man but for the intent look upon his face, and that his clenched
hand now and then beat upon the table.
The coming even of his brethren was an evident intrusion, and they
withdrew.
"What now?" said Jonathan. "I have not seen our brother so
distraught in his moodiness since the old days in the Fort of the
Rocks. There was need of his brooding then, but not now when all
things are coming our way, as when the quails were blown by the
east wind and covered the land to feed our fathers in the desert."
"But have you not noted?" asked Simon, "how Judas comes out of
his black clouds? He is always brighter afterward, and shows us
something that none but he could have thought of. He will accept
the kingship."
"Brother Simon," replied Jonathan, "I like not the look of Judas' face.
He is not meditating as is his wont. He is struggling with some rage.
I once before saw that same look on him. It was when he crushed
the skull of a Greek spy who had got within our lines at Mizpah. A
word in your ear, Simon."
"It will be as safe as under an altar."
"A man has crossed his path."
"Who?"
"Dion."
"Faugh! A feather crossing the rush of a torrent! A partridge flitting
through the lair of a lion! What cares Judas for the Greek?"
Jonathan took playfully the beard of Simon. "You are called the
Wise; and yet methinks you are dull-witted. We have insisted that
Judas should be King. That is well. But you have blocked the way of
the project by insisting that he should marry the daughter of Elkiah.
This, have I not said, he will never do."
"And you believe, Jonathan, that that Greek stands in his way?"
replied Simon. "This I would not credit unless you should tell me
that you yourself had caught them in dalliance."
Jonathan shrugged his shoulders. "Listen!" said he, "ears open and
teeth tight, for I have never breathed this to living man before. The
night before the battle in the Wady I followed her, for I feared that
her daring would bring her to harm. I tracked her into the very camp
of Apollonius. May the rising moon there shatter my wits forever if I
speak not the truth! I saw this Dion come to her. I would have slain
him and her. But when I drew to strike I overheard their words. I
saw that she was stealing this man out of the fight, lest in the
vengeance we were about to take on Apollonius he, too, should fall.
She risked her life to give us the victory—that we know; and I know
that she risked her life for this man at the same time. If ever woman
loved a man, she loves him. I saw that she accepted his love from
the touch of his lips."
Simon turned fiercely upon the speaker. "Jonathan, dare you impugn
the loyalty of the daughter of Elkiah? She is not a Glaucon, though
she has his blood."
"Her loyalty?" replied Jonathan. "I laud it. This woman is so true to
us and our people that not even her love for this man made her
swerve. And why should she not love the Greek? He is as good a
fellow as any since the day when Father Abraham was himself a
heathen in the land of the Chaldees. I have mingled much with the
Greeks in Jerusalem without giving them a chance to cut my throat.
I have been more than once, as you know, in this palace when
Apollonius was its master. I have learned much of Dion from the lips
of his fellows in camp and field. He was the pride of the Greek
service; could have had high rank, but he risked it all for the safety
of Deborah. He won her gratitude by saving her from foul dealing. I
say, Jew that I am, Deborah ought to love Dion. And, further, I will
say that Deborah ought not, and will not, marry Judas. It was not
alone for the benefit of foreign alliance that I spoke of our brother
seeking a wife from the courts of other nations; I foresaw that he
could not marry within Judaism, since he would marry none save
Deborah; and she is an impossibility, unless I know nothing of the
soul of this woman. Now mark me further, my over-wise Simon. Did
you not note that when Judas was brooding over the kingship he
went to the house of Elkiah? And since his return he has been
behind what you call his thunder-cloud. I tell you that when Judas'
lightning flashes, it will not be with the light of statecraft, but against
Dion. Judas, generous, self-yielding, patriotic, is one man; Judas in
love is a different man. I would that the Greek were far away from
Jerusalem."
Judas still sat by his table. The light faded in the high window
beneath the cedar rafters of the great chamber. A star gleamed
through the aperture, then floated on to look into a million other
chambers where men and women sat with bowed heads or lay upon
restless couches. The moon looked in, and hung her white veil on
this wall of the chamber, and then on that, but evoked no response
from Judas, except an occasional smile that relieved the harshness
of his features.
By and by the sun rose. Jonathan came and saw him fast asleep
with his head resting on his clasped hands. When his brother woke
him, his face showed the marks of suffering. Years seemed to have
put wrinkles about his eyes and mouth, as time cracks timber and
lime walls and almost everything else. Why not a man's face?
Judas ate a little of the meal which the servants brought, responding
only in briefest words to their questions. Then, as if a spring had
uncoiled somewhere within his body, he suddenly rose.
"Brother Jonathan, bring the Captains here at the sixth hour—and
the Priests at the ninth; for we have pressing business to-day."
Without another word he passed through the great doorway into the
palace plaza, and thence into the street.
"What news?" asked a guard. "Maccabæus is as wrathful this
morning as a starved lion. Are the Syrians marching again upon the
city?"
"If not, then the devil has broken loose, and challenged our Goliath
to fight. The Lord have mercy on the man he runs against this time!
Look at him! The very stones shake under his feet."
Judas turned into a by-street. He stopped before a small building. He
did not wait to have his heavy rap on the door answered from
within, but entered, and went straight to a side chamber.
"Captain Dion!" he thundered out.
He was confronted by both Agathocles and Dion. The presence of
the Greek General seemed to remind him of his forgotten courtesy.
"Your pardon, sirs! But I would talk to this man alone."
Agathocles withdrew, but not without a wondering glance at their
unceremonious visitor and a look of inquiry at Dion, who, however,
was as amazed as his companion.
When they were alone, and the door closed, Judas said:
"Dion, I once took your oath of allegiance at the gate."
"True. And the oath has not been broken," replied the young man,
with some resentment in his tone excited by the apparent suspicion
in Judas' abrupt manner.
In loud voice Judas exclaimed: "As Dion the Greek you have kept
your oath; but that is no longer binding; for you are not Dion, but
Gershom ben Shattuck. As a Jew you have sworn no allegiance."
"Do the Jews swear allegiance to their commander?" replied he. "Are
we like the Romans? Is it not enough that our allegiance is to the
Lord, who is over us all? Did Judas ever before ask an oath of any
Jew to serve him?"
"From no other man," said Judas; "but from the son of Shattuck I
would require it. The Jews would make me King of Jerusalem."
"And rightly," responded the other. "And to King Maccabæus I will
swear to be loyal in everything that man should do for man."
Judas repeated his words, "'Everything that man should do for man.'
A wise and well-turned oath. I like it. Shattuck, they would make
Elkiah's daughter the Queen of Jerusalem."
Dion staggered as if the Maccabæan had smitten him. But he quickly
recovered his self-possession. He spoke slowly:
"Maccabæus, I will swear loyalty to Elkiah's daughter as Queen,—
when she shall ask it of me. But until she herself speaks that word
no man, though he be Maccabæus, shall exact it from me. At her
feet I will take the vow, but not under any man's hand. You have my
answer."
Shattuck's form seemed swollen with his wrath until it matched that
of the giant who confronted him. Judas looked at his challenger as a
lion-tamer might have returned the wild glare of his beast which he
knows must succumb to his own dominant will. Yet there was in his
eyes the flicker as of a light that came from some deeper recess of
his soul than that of his present passion. A smile quickly overspread
his features. He laid his great hand on the shoulder of his
competitor.
"Dion—Ben Shattuck—though I be King, as man to man, we stand
on equal footing. Your challenge proves it. But, if you had sworn
allegiance to me in putting the crown upon the head of Elkiah's
daughter without her command, I would have felled you in your
tracks. Here we stand—man and man; and that woman is the queen
of us both. You have been her protector. I know all the story of
these years. Protect her still from Greek and from Jew. I swear with
you, Shattuck, that no will but her own shall be over her. Come with
me to her."
The two men went together into the Street of David, and entered
the house of Elkiah. As Deborah glanced from one to the other,
Judas seized her hand and placed it in Dion's,
"The God of Israel bless you both!" he said.
Before they could find voice to reply Judas was gone.
As he came out into the street Meph met him with the great news.
"Dion is a Jew! Dion is a Jew! My old Sirach was right. Deborah
herself told me. And, Judas, she was as glad as I was to find it out,
almost."
 LI
A KING, INDEED

HEN Judas returned to his palace he found his brethren

in waiting. Their manner told the anxiety with which
they anticipated his decision of the momentous question
of the kingship. Judas relieved them of the necessity of
putting their thoughts into words.
"Do you still believe that I should be King?"
"It is the will of the nation," said Simon.
"And yours?"
"And ours," said all, making low obeisance.
"You swear me absolute obedience?"
"Obedience absolute. There can be no other sort of kingship."
One by one his brethren took his hand; then ranged in a circle about
him. There was no need of a crown to give majesty to this man: his
form towering; his face imperious; and around him the very
atmosphere almost visibly radiant with the prestige of victories such
as Heaven had never before given to man. Nor did his brethren need
princely robing to make them feel due pride in this hour of the
founding of the new Dynasty.
"I thank you, my brothers, worthy all of the blood of our father
Mattathias. Hear, then, my command. I exact no vow, but trust your
love to guard your loyalty."
"Our brother's word is our law," said Simon.
"His word our law," went round the little circle.
"Gather close about me," said Judas.
Then lowering his voice: "This is my will. Let the word King never
again be heard in our council. Nor let the daughter of Elkiah be
spoken of except as the wife of Gershom ben Shattuck."
"Ben Shattuck!"
The exclamation burst vehemently from all lips.
Judas had no need to explain his words; for at the moment Meph's
voice rang across the plaza:
"Dion is a Jew! Dion is a Jew! The son of Agathocles is the son of
Shattuck."

Judas left little time for any to dispute his decision. His tremendous
energy was imparted to every man about him. Priests were loaded
with questions regarding their ancient customs, which absorbed their
study day and night, for Judas would immediately reorganize their
order according to the Aaronic ideal. Such artisans as were still to be
found among the people, builders in stone, carvers of wood, and
women skilled in needlework, were given their part in the problem of
the renovation of the Temple. The city walls were to be
strengthened, new citadels built in the surrounding villages, cordons
of forts placed around the entire land, the army to be reorganized
for more systematic defence, and new campaigns planned to
effectually awe the surrounding tribesmen.
Every day saw the mark of the master-hand of their leader. The
rubbish heaps outside the gates were ornamented with the
shattered pieces of pagan statuary. The sacred courts on Mount
Moriah were purged of every stain of the heathen Abomination. A
new altar rose on the site of the ancient one. Its stones were
untouched by chisel, only laid together symmetrically, as befitted a
memorial to Him who created all things without the help of human
hands. The stones of the ancient altar, which had been desecrated
by the foul offerings of the Greeks, were laid away until the great
Messiah should come.
The crowning act of Greek pollution had taken place three years
before, on the twenty-fifth day of the month Chisleu, which
corresponds with the Roman month of December. Judas appointed
the same date for the Feast of Dedication, which has been annually
repeated ever since throughout the Jewish world.
For eight days the streets of the city and all the highways leading to
its gates from valley and hill were thronged with processions bearing
palm branches, and shouting the old Hallel psalms. In many groups
were those who had not touched hands for years; men who had
come out of hiding-places where they had taken covert from the
incessant persecution. Some came laden with their goods, making
willing offerings of coins and jewels to swell the fund for the glorious
work.
At each nightfall every house gleamed like a constellation with
crowded lights in doorway and window, and on parapet and dome.
The Temple plaza blazed with great fires which sent beams of hope
far over the Judean hills, and by the glare in the sky proclaimed the
triumph of Israel to the camps of the enemy beyond the borders.
One house outshone all other private dwellings on the third night of
the Feast of Dedication. It stood near to the western gate, close by
the Tower of David, with the city's breadth separating it from the
Temple. The fires on the roof of this house saluted as with waving
hands of flame the blazing glory of the Temple Mount. This was the
old mansion of Shattuck, for years deserted, but now reoccupied by
its new-found inheritor.
Between this house and that of Elkiah the streets were densely
crowded on that third night. At the middle hour a cry rent the air:
"She comes! She comes!"
Close back against the houses the people were massed. There was
no need of official command, for the populace was moved by a
common gladness and reverence.
There was but one instance of what would have seemed to a
stranger a breach of decorum. Down the street came Meph waving
his crutch like the baton of a marshal, and shouting:
"Make way! Make way for the Daughter of Jerusalem! Way for the
bride of Ben Shattuck!"
No one rebuked the lad, for the story of his part in bringing about
the regeneration of the popular Greek into a Jew was well known.
"Bless the boy!" was the only comment heard as his heels conducted
both himself and the pageant that followed.
The procession was more artistically heralded by bands of players on
flute and tabor, succeeded by those leading the multitude in the
ancient marriage song of the people.
Amid a hundred torches was seen the gigantic form of Judas
together with his brethren. For this hour at least all traces of
solemnity and care were banished from his face, as he led the
"friends of the bridegroom," who, according to the time-honored
custom, were conducting the bride to the house of her husband.
As Deborah appeared surrounded by her maidens the cries, "Long
live Judas Maccabæus!" were quickly changed.
"Joy! joy to the daughter of Elkiah! Long live Deborah, the Daughter
of Jerusalem!" rang from a thousand lips.
The happy crowd hurried along as if impelled by their own huzzas,
until the bride disappeared within the portal of the house of
Shattuck.

An hour later Judas sat alone in his chamber in the palace on Sion.
The stars as they floated by looked through the high window, but
did not disturb the soul which at that hour was moving through
depths as profound as theirs. The gray dawn alone aroused him—in
which there was a poetic propriety; for since the day-spring
summons all nature to activity, why should it not awaken the
tremendous forces of this great heart for its work in resurrecting a
nation?
Judas reached out his hand and struck the bronze gong—the same
that Apollonius had rung three years before when he was
vanquished by the spirit of Deborah in this same hall.
"Call the Captains!"
His chief officers came with evidence of hasty toilet—for celerity
never waited upon formality in the councils of Judas. His sentences,
as he addressed them, were laconic, as if he assumed that his
hearers had listened at his brain and already knew his thoughts.
"Friends, I learn that the men of Edom are moving from their camps
on the south. The tribesmen of the Jordan and beyond are preparing
to strike us. Tyre and Sidon are enrolling their trained bands. Every
man, then, in readiness by the turn of the moon!"
With a wave of his hand he dismissed them.
The result of this order belongs to history, which tells how the
invincible men of Judas, beginning on the south, swung to east, then
from east to north, then from north to west, and then from west to
south again—the swing of the mighty Hammer of Israel—crushing a
hostile tribe at every stroke, until Judah lay quiet within all its
desolate borders.
No sword gleamed brighter in those days than that of Gershom ben
Shattuck, and no foeman gave more desperate battle than Nadan,
son of Yusef, Sheikh of Jericho.

Printed in the United States of America

Note.—Judas fell in battle three years later. The still

sceptreless rule was then taken by Jonathan, who, with
the title of High Priest, consolidated the religious and
secular orders, and laid wide and deep the foundation of
the Asmonean power—a title taken from the family name
of Mattathias, the father of the Maccabees. On the death
of Jonathan, Simon the Wise accomplished his purpose of
kingship for Israel, and crowned himself. In the seed of
Simon the dynasty endured until the last diluted drops of
Maccabæan blood drained from the veins of the Herods,
and the eyes of the world were turned to one whom they
called, not Messiah Malhamah, "The Anointed for War,"
but Christ, "The Prince of Peace."
For the descriptions of the battles of Judas mentioned in
this book the writer has been compelled to supplement
with his own imagination very meagre historic materials.
The place of the fight with Apollonius (The Wady) is
unidentified by chroniclers. The affair at Bethhoron follows
only the general topography of the region. The stratagem
of Judas at Emmaus is, however, well known, and was
imitated by Bonaparte. The method of "The Hammer" at
Bethzur cannot have differed greatly from that described.
The result of all these battles is as historic as it was
marvellous.
If injustice has been done to any of the real characters
involved, Antiochus Epiphanes, Mattathias and his five
sons, the priest Menelaos, or the various generals
commanding the hosts overthrown by the heroic patriots,
the writer is prepared to make the personal amende
honorable if he should ever meet them in the shades.
For the other characters, Deborah and Dion, Caleb and
Meph, it is sufficient to say that they are the children of
his own fancy, over whom he exercises the ancient
paternal right of absolute disposal. Of Glaucon and
Clarissa, the report that Agathocles, on his return to
Antioch, met them as the keepers of a wine shop near the
bridge over the Orontes, is as true as were all the other
declarations of that veracious Greek.
The student of the Maccabæan period may profitably
consult the Books of the Maccabees in the Apocryphal
Bible (for traditional accounts); "The Histories of Polybius"
(for contemporaneous history of other nations); Prideaux's
"Connections of Old and New Testaments" (for relation of
Jews and Gentiles); Stanley's "Jewish Church," volume iii.
(for summary of men and events); Conder's "Judas
Maccabæus" (for topography); Church's "The Hammer"
(for local color, customs, etc.); Riggs' "Jewish People."
 IN OTHER LANDS

PROF. EDWARD A. STEINER

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 FICTION AND JUVENILE

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