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Starting Out with Java Early Objects 6e (Gaddis)
Chapter 7 Arrays and the ArrayList Class

TRUE/FALSE

1. An ArrayList object automatically expands in size to accommodate the items stored in it.

ANS: T

2. Java does not limit the number of dimensions an array may have.

ANS: T

3. The String[] args parameter in the main method header allows the program to receive
arguments from the operating system command-line.

ANS: T

4. When an array of objects is declared but not initialized, the array values are set to 0.

ANS: F

5. To determine if two arrays are equal you must compare each of the elements of the two arrays.

ANS: T

6. A sorting algorithm is a technique for scanning through an array and rearranging its contents in some
specific order.

ANS: T

7. Objects in an array are accessed with subscripts, just like any other data type in an array.

ANS: T

8. Any items typed on the command-line, separated by space, after the name of the class, are considered
to be one or more arguments that are to be passed into the main method.

ANS: T

9. A sorting algorithm is used to locate a specific item in a larger collection of data.

ANS: F

10. The Java compiler will display an error message when it processes a statement that uses an invalid
subscript.
 ANS: F

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. A search algorithm
a. arranges elements in ascending order
b. arranges elements in descending order
c. is used to locate a specific item in a collection of data
d. is rarely used with arrays
ANS: C

2. A ragged array is
a. a two-dimensional array where the rows have different numbers of columns
b. a one-dimensional array for which the number of elements is unknown
c. a two-dimensional array for which the number of rows is unknown
d. a partially initialized two-dimensional array of ranged values
ANS: A

3. A partially filled array is normally used

a. when only a very small number of values need to be stored
b. when you know how many elements will be in the array but not what the values are
c. with an accompanying parallel array
d. with an accompanying integer value that holds the number of items stored in the array
ANS: D

4. When an array is passed to a method

a. it is passed just as any other object would be passed
b. the method has direct access to the original array
c. a reference to the array is passed
d. All of these are true
ANS: D

5. Java provides a mechanism known as a __________ which makes it possible to write a method that
takes a variable number of arguments.
a. variable-length argument list
b. dynamic parameter list
c. unary-signature template
d. polymorphic byte code
ANS: A

6. The binary search algorithm

a. is less efficient than the sequential search algorithm
b. will cut the portion of the array being searched in half each time it fails to locate the search
value
c. will have a maximum number of comparisons equal to the number of elements in the array
d. will, normally, have the number of comparisons that is half the number of elements in the
array
 ANS: B

7. In order to do a binary search on an array

a. the array must first be sorted
b. you must first do a sequential search to be sure the element you are looking for is there
c. the values of the array must be numeric
d. All of these are true
ANS: A

8. The sequential search algorithm

a. returns 1 if the value being searched for is found or -1 if the value is not found
b. requires the array to be ascending order
c. uses a loop to sequentially step through an array, starting with the first element
d. All of these are true
ANS: C

9. A(n) __________ is used as an index to pinpoint a specific element within an array.

a. boolean value
b. element
c. range
d. subscript
ANS: D

10. An array of String objects

a. is arranged the same as an array of primitive objects
b. is compressed to four bytes for each element
c. must be initialized when the array is declared
d. consists of an array of references to String objects
ANS: D

11. You can use the __________ method to replace an item at a specific location in an ArrayList.
a. set
b. remove
c. replace
d. add
ANS: A

12. Which of the following is a correct method header for receiving a two-dimensional array as an
argument?
a. public static void passMyArray(int[]myArray1, int[]myArray2)
b. public static void passMyArray(int[][] myArray)
c. public static void passMyArray[][](int myArray)
d. public static void passMyArray(array myArray)
ANS: B

13. Which of the following import statements is required in order to use the ArrayList class?
 a. import java.util.Tools;
b. import java.util.ArrayList;
c. import java.util.Containers;
d. import java.util.API;
ANS: B

14. Which method is used to determine the number of items stored in an ArrayList object?
a. items
b. listLength
c. size
d. volume
ANS: C

15. The __________ method removes an item from an ArrayList at a specific index.
a. remove
b. pop
c. deleteAt
d. clear
ANS: A

16. Which of the following methods returns a string representing all of the items stored in an ArrayList
object?
a. show
b. toString
c. print
d. getList
ANS: B

17. Which of the following ArrayList class methods is used to insert an item at a specific location in an
ArrayList?
a. set
b. store
c. add
d. insert
ANS: C

18. To return an array of long values from a method, which return type should be used for the method?
a. long[ARRAY_SIZE]
b. array
c. long[]
d. long
ANS: C

19. Which of the following is a valid declaration for a ragged array with five rows but no columns?
a. int[][] ragged = new int[5];
b. int[][] ragged = new int[][5];
 c. int[][] ragged = new int[5][];
d. int[] ragged = new int[5];
ANS: C

20. If numbers is a two-dimensional array, which of the following would give the number of columns in
row r?
a. numbers.length
b. numbers.length[r]
c. numbers[r].length
d. numbers[r].length[r]
ANS: C

21. What would be the result of executing the following code?

int[] x = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5};
a. An array of 6 values, all initialized to 0 and referenced by the variable x will be created.
b. An array of 6 values, ranging from 0 through 5 and referenced by the variable x will be
created.
c. The variable x will contain the values 0 through 5.
d. A compiler error will occur.
ANS: B

22. Given the following two-dimensional array declaration, which statement is true?
int[][] numbers = new int[6][9];
a. The numbers array has 54 rows.
b. The numbers array has 15 rows.
c. The numbers array has 6 rows and 9 columns.
d. The numbers array has 6 columns and 9 rows.
ANS: C

23. What will be the result after the following code is executed?
final int ARRAY_SIZE = 5;
float[] x = float[ARRAY_SIZE];
for (i = 1; i <= ARRAY_SIZE; i++)
{
x[i] = 10.0;
}
a. A runtime error will occur.
b. All the values in the array will be initialized to 10.0.
c. All the values in the array except the first will be set to 10.0.
d. The code contains a syntax error and will not compile.
ANS: D

24. For the following code, what would be the value of str[2]?
String[] str = {"abc", "def", "ghi", "jkl"};
a. a reference to the String object containing "ghi"
 b. "ghi"
c. a reference to the String object containing "def"
d. "def"
ANS: A

25. What would be the result after the following code is executed?
int[] numbers = {40, 3, 5, 7, 8, 12, 10};
int value = numbers[0];
for (int i = 1; i < numbers.length; i++)
{
if (numbers[i] < value)
value = numbers[i];
}
a. The value variable will contain the average of all the values in the numbers array.
b. The value variable will contain the sum of all the values in the numbers array.
c. The value variable will contain the lowest value in the numbers array.
d. The value variable will contain the highest value in the numbers array.
ANS: C

26. What would be the result after the following code is executed?
int[] numbers = {50, 10, 15, 20, 25, 100, 30};
int value = 0;
for (int i = 1; i < numbers.length; i++)
value += numbers[i];
a. The value variable will contain the average of all the values in the numbers array.
b. The value variable will contain the sum of all the values in the numbers array.
c. The value variable will contain the lowest value in the numbers array.
d. The value variable will contain the highest value in the numbers array.
ANS: B

27. What is the value of scores[2][3] in the following array?

int[][] scores = { {88, 80, 79, 92}.
{75, 84, 93, 80},
{98, 95, 92, 94},
{91, 84, 88, 96} };
a. 95
b. 84
c. 94
d. 93
ANS: C

28. What does the following statement do?

double[] array1 = new double[10];
a. It declares array1 to be a reference to an array of double values.
b. It will allow valid subscripts in the range of 0 through 9.
c. It creates an instance of an array of ten double values.
 d. It does all of these.
ANS: D

29. Which of the following statements is(are) true about this code?
final int ARRAY_SIZE = 10;
long[] array1 = new long[ARRAY_SIZE];
a. It declares array1 to be a reference to an array of long values.
b. It will allow valid subscripts in the range of 0 through 9.
c. It creates an instance of an array of ten long values.
d. All of these are true.
ANS: D

30. What does <String> specify in the following statement?

ArrayList<String> nameList = new ArrayList<String>();
a. It specifies that String objects may not be stored in the ArrayList object.
b. It specifies that everything stored in the ArrayList object will be converted to a
String object.
c. It specifies that only String objects may be stored in the ArrayList object.
d. It specifies that the ArrayList will be converted to a String array.
ANS: C
Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
 BRIGADE REPORT FROM LEE AND GORDON'S
MILLS
TO ATLANTA, GA.
Headquarters 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division, 14th A. C.,
Atlanta, Ga., Sept. 9th, 1864.
Captain: Pursuant to directions from division headquarters, of date the
6th instant, I have the honor to report, so far as my information extends
substantially, the operations of this brigade from the 3rd day of May,
1864, when it struck tents and broke camp at Lee and Gordon's mills,
until its arrival at Atlanta on the 4th day of the present month. Being the
fourth brigade commander since the campaign began, and having served
on the corps staff for some time before, and up to, the 27th day of June
last, I am compelled to rely largely for data, upon the necessarily
confused memoranda of the different commanders who preceded me.
On the 3rd day of May last, the brigade, comprising the 22nd Ind. Vet.
Vols., 85th, 86th, 110th and 125th Ills. Vols., and the 52nd Ohio Vols.,
commanded by Col. Dan. McCook, left Lee and Gordon's mills and
marched to Ringgold, Ga., where, toward night, it crossed the
Chickamauga river and joined the division commanded by Brig. Gen. J. C.
Davis, and bivouacked until the morning of the 5th of May, when it
marched out to near Catoosa Springs and encamped until the morning of
the 7th, when it marched beyond Tunnel Hill about two miles, part of the
time under heavy fire from the enemy's artillery. On the morning of the
8th of May, the brigade marched towards and confronted the enemy's
skirmishers guarding the entrance to Buzzard Roost Gap. May 9th,
supported the 1st brigade skirmish line. May 10th, the brigade lay under
fire from the enemy's sharp-shooters until evening, when it moved to the
front, and relieved the 1st brigade, with the 52nd Ohio deployed as
skirmishers. May 11th, remained on the line until dark, at which time we
were relieved by a brigade of the 4th corps, and moved up the valley
about two miles and bivouacked for the night. May 13th, at day break the
brigade with the division marched toward Resaca by way of Snake Creek
Gap, reaching the mouth of the Gap, after a tiresome march, at about 8
o'clock p. m.; continued the march until nearly 2 o'clock a. m. next day,
when the command halted until daylight, took breakfast and moved
beyond the line of intrenchments towards Resaca, where it rested until
evening. Took up position at night in rear of 1st division, 14th corps.
Moved into line next day, and confronted the enemy in his works at
Resaca. Remained thus until the enemy evacuated that place, when this
brigade with the division was ordered to Rome. The march commenced
early, the 3rd brigade in rear, with the 125th Ills. detailed as guards for
the division train; went into camp on the left of the Rome road. The
brigade resumed the march on the next morning at daylight, following the
2nd brigade, and arrived within two miles of Rome at 5 o'clock p. m.,
where the enemy was reported to be in his works in full force. Col.
McCook immediately disposed the brigade in order of battle as follows:
the 22nd Ind. and the 86th Ills., as front line, the 52nd Ohio and 85th
Ills., as second line, with three companies from the 22nd Ind. thrown
forward as skirmishers. The front line occupied an elevation of ground
known as Howe's Hill, with the left resting near Howe's house. The lines
were but just formed, when the enemy made a vigorous attack upon the
22nd Ind., throwing it into some confusion, and forcing its right back
about sixty yards, where it rallied behind a rail fence. A part of the 86th
Ills., in the mean time, was pouring a well directed fire from its right, into
the enemies advancing lines. This had the effect to check them; at the
same time the 52nd Ohio advanced and relieved the 22nd Ind. By this
time it became so dark that but little could be discovered of what was
going on, but by continuously advancing the skirmish line, it was soon
ascertained that the enemy had retreated to his main works. To be
prepared for an attack in the morning, a light line of works was
constructed, but was not needed, for during the night the enemy
evacuated his intrenched position, and moved across the Ostenaula river,
burning the bridges after him. On the morning of May 18th, the 85th Ills.
crossed on the floating debris of the bridge, and occupied the city of
Rome. On the following day the entire brigade crossed on newly
constructed pontoons, and encamped in the suburbs of the town, where
it remained doing various duties until the morning of the 24th of May,
when the brigade, with the division, marched toward Dallas, reaching the
latter place about noon, May 26th, and took up position about one half
mile to the left of town, where if remained until the next morning, when it
moved with the division to the mouth of —— Gap. Here the brigade was
placed in single line, with the 125th Ills. deployed as skirmishers. At about
10 o'clock on the night of the 27th of May, the enemy attacked the
skirmish line and captured one commissioned officer and fourteen
enlisted men, when a counter charge was made which resulted in the
capture of two commissioned officers, and twenty seven-enlisted men
from the enemy. The officers and men of the 125th Ills., on this spirited
occasion, displayed that high degree of coolness and bravery so essential
to success. The brigade lay in this position for several days, holding
works. June 1st moved toward the left, and relieved a brigade of the 23rd
corps, remaining in this new position under a constant fire from the
enemy, until June 4th, when it moved about three miles further to the
left, and, with the division, rejoined the corps. The brigade performed the
various duties imposed upon it; sometimes skirmishing with the enemy,
changing position, building fortifications, or holding those built by others,
but all without taking any active part in any general engagement, until on
the morning of the 27th of June, when it was disposed in order of battle
as follows: 85th Ills. deployed as skirmishers, with lines of battle
composed of first, the 125th Ills.; second, the 86th Ills.; third, the 22nd
Ind., and fourth, the 52nd Ohio. These dispositions were made in an open
field, little more than half a mile from the works to be stormed. The 2nd
brigade was formed on the right, and Gen. Harker's brigade of the 4th
corps, on the left. At a few moments before nine, the command "forward"
was given and responded to by the brave men of the brigade with a will
and determination to succeed when success is possible. The movement
began in quick, and continued in this time for near one third the distance,
when the step was changed to double-quick. The lines moved with
marked precision, until they reached the foot of an abrupt hill where they
encountered a marshy creek lined on either side with shrubs and thickly
matted vines. The command relieved itself as rapidly and orderly as
possible from this confusion, and turning its face towards the enemy,
rushed forward across an open field extending to within fifteen rods of
the point of attack. Here it entered a skirt of light timber, and from this
point also commenced an ascent of the ground. On, and up the brave
men rushed with their gallant leader at their head, until some of them
reached the base of the enemy's parapet. Nothing daunted they struggled
to scale the works. In their efforts to do this, some were knocked down
with stones and clubs hurled at them by the enemy. Here the gallant
McCook fell, mortally wounded, while present with, and cheering his men
on. Shot and stoned down completely exhausted by the length and
impetuosity of the charge, the brave men reformed their lines a few steps
in the rear, and partially under the crest of the hill. While this was being
done, Col. O. G. Harmon, of the 125th Ills., left the command of the
regiment to Maj. J. B. Lee, and placed himself at the head of the brigade.
But hardly did he enjoy this new command five minutes, when a musket
shot from the enemy pierced his heart, and in a few moments his remains
were borne from the field. Col. C. J. Dilworth then assumed command,
and after adjusting his lines to his satisfaction, he ordered works to be
constructed, the front line of which did not exceed sixty yards from the
enemy's strong line of works.
The loss to the brigade in this bloody encounter was four hundred and
ten, nearly all of which occurred within the short space of twenty
minutes. These casualties fell heaviest upon the 125th Illinois and 52d
Ohio. By three o'clock p. m. the men were sheltered by their new lines of
works and were confronting the enemy as sharp-shooters. At four o'clock
of the same day, upon my request to be relieved from duty at corps
headquarters, I returned to and took command of my regiment. From this
point forward in my report I am chiefly reliant for information on the
notes and memoranda of Col. Dilworth. After the confusion of the battle
was over, the brigade was disposed thus: The 85th Illinois on the right,
connecting with the 2d brigade; the 22d on the left, connecting with Gen.
Harker's brigade; the 125th Illinois in the center, and the 86th Illinois and
52d Ohio in reserve. The lines remained the same until the morning of
the 28th, when the 125th Illinois was relieved by the 86th Illinois, that in
turn was relieved on the morning of the 29th by the 52d Ohio. On this
day a cessation of hostilities was effected, and arrangements made,
under flag of truce, by which the dead between the lines were removed
or buried. On the 30th under my personal supervision a new line of works
was constructed within from five to seven rods of the enemy's strong
works. From this position our sharp-shooters did excellent service, many
of them using an invention called the "refracting sight," the testimony in
favor of the use of which at short range was abundant. The brigade did
duty here until the morning of the 3rd of July. The enemy having again
abandoned his works, we marched through Marietta, thence in a south-
west course about five miles toward Atlanta. We halted and encamped
here for two nights. On the morning of the 5th of July, we advanced
again about five miles towards the railroad bridge over the Chattahoochie
river. Upon our arrival within about three miles of the bridge, we came up
with the enemy's skirmishers. The 3rd brigade was put in position in a
heavy wood, connecting on the left with the 2d brigade. As soon as the
lines were formed, I was ordered forward with the 125th as skirmishers.
The line was at once established and waited for support on the right,
which was late arriving. About five o'clock, all things being ready, the line
advanced at the double quick across an open field, and charged the
enemies' skirmishers behind works at the verge of the woods on the
opposite side. Routing them from these, we drove them in confusion to
their main line of fortifications, our own line pursuing to within less than
three hundred yards. The enemy made three unsuccessful attempts to
drive our line back. As soon as it was dark the 86th Illinois relieved the
skirmish line, and by morning were well entrenched. The other regiments
of the brigade moved forward to the road and threw up works. The
command remained in this position, each regiment in its turn doing picket
duty until the morning of the 10th of July, when a little before daylight
the bridge over the Chattahoochie river was discovered to be on fire, and
no enemy in our front. Col. Dilworth was ordered to made a
reconnoisance with the 86th Illinois, and accompanied it in person as far
as the river, meeting with no opposition, when he returned with all but
two companies, which he left at the river as pickets. On the afternoon of
the same day the brigade moved down to the Atlanta road and went into
camp on the right and within one mile of the railroad bridge, in which
position we remained doing picket and guard duty until the morning of
the 18th, on which day we crossed the Chattahoochie river on a pontoon
bridge at Paces' Ferry, and about five miles above the railroad bridge. On
the same day we crossed Nancy's creek, and advanced skirmishers from
the 22d Indiana as far as Peach Tree creek near Howell's mill. The
brigade bivouacked for the night on the Atlanta and Pace's Ferry road.
As the 19th of July was an eventful day in the history of this brigade, I
choose to incorporate in this report the minutes of its operations made by
Col. Dilworth at the time:
"This morning I was ordered to form my lines in rear of skirmish line and
push across the Peach Tree creek. This was done by placing the 52d Ohio
in advance, crossing the creek on a log, and moving out across the field
and over the hill. Here we found an entire brigade of rebels and a portion
of another. The balance of our brigade crossed, 1st, 85th Illinois and went
to the assistance of the 52d Ohio on the left, and found a heavy force.
Next came the 125th Illinois and moved forward to the crest of the hill.
Next the 86th Illinois and formed on the left. The 22d Indiana at the
same time commenced crossing on our right and connected with the 52d
Ohio skirmishers on the right. Word was sent to Gen. Davis for assistance,
at the same time information was received that the enemy were drifting
to the right. Col. Langley, of the 125th Illinois, was ordered to form on
the right, which he did at a double-quick, and just reached the top of the
hill as the enemy were ready to attack, and after a fire from the 125th
the rebels were driven back from the right. That night entrenchments
were thrown up, and the men remained on the ground getting in the
wounded."
The brigade lost in this day's operations two hundred and forty-five men,
killed, wounded and missing. These losses fell heaviest on the 52d Ohio,
22d Indiana and 85th Illinois. The morning of July 20th found the brigade
well fortified, and about noon two sections of Capt. Gardner's battery
were put in position, which with the aid of sharp-shooters from this and
the 2d brigade, succeeded in driving the enemy from his works. On the
same day the 110th Illinois, Lieut. Col. Topping commanding, reported for
duty and was put in line on the right. July 21st Col. Dilworth was ordered
to make a reconnoisance with one regiment. He ordered out the 125th
Illinois and connected with Col. Mitchell's brigade on the left and Gen.
Morgan's on the right; moved too far to the right; found rebels near
Moore's house on the Marietta and Atlanta road and returned to camp.
July 22d—No enemy in our immediate front. Moved towards Atlanta to
within two and a half miles of the city. Heavy cannonading to our front
and left. Went into camp at night in reserve. July 24th—Relieved a
regiment of Gen. Beard's division with the 125th Illinois. Remained in this
position with a slight change of camp until the morning of the 28th of
July. One regiment on out-post duty daily. July 28th—In connection with
the division made a reconnoisance to Turner's Ferry, intending to strike
the enemy in left flank, but being misled by an inefficient guide, the
division took no part in the engagement of this day. After a long
meandering and weary march, we returned late at night to near our old
camp. From this date forward our duties were various. We built several
lines of works, did picket duty, and changed position towards the right
and front about three miles, and went into position in the evening,
connecting with Gen. Baird on the left, 125th Ills. on the left, and the
22nd Ind. on the right of the front line, with the 85th Ills. on picket. On
the following morning the picket line moved nearly three quarters of a
mile to the front, and took fifteen prisoners with no loss to us. The main
line moved forward, still keeping up the connection with General Baird on
the left, and also connecting with Col. Mitchell on the right. Four
companies of the 52nd Ohio relieved the 85th Ills. pickets. July 6th;
brigade in same position, the enemy almost constantly shelling our lines.
At night seventy-five men from the 110th Ills. relieved the 52nd Ohio on
picket. I quote below, substantially, Col. Dilworth's minutes of the
operations of the brigade on the 7th of July:
"Received orders about ten o'clock, that the division was to swing to the
left, and that the movement would begin on the left. About noon I went
to the lines and saw General Baird, who said he could not advance until
evening. As soon as he had gone I received orders that Gen. Morgan had
commenced the movement on the right, and for me to conform my
movements to Mitchell's. I then went to the right, and found Col. Mitchell
had advanced. My skirmish line was advanced, and the 125th Ills. was
ordered forward, the 52nd Ohio was ordered up also. The 22nd Ind.
advanced and connected with Col. Mitchell on the right and facing north-
east. At night the 86th relieved the 110th Ills. on picket."
In gaining this new and important position, the brigade was exposed to a
galling fire of musketry and artillery from the enemy's lines, and with but
little chance to us to return, successfully, the fire. The brigade took
possession of, and extended its lines across, the Sand Town road, and as
speedily as possible erected strong fortifications. The loss to the brigade
in this day's operations, was forty-two officers and men killed and
wounded. Nothing of further importance than frequent changes of camp,
and position in line, and picket duty, occurred until August 20th, on which
day the brigade started at day break and marched to the rear lines of
works of the 23rd corps, where we lay in close column for two or three
hours, when orders came to move out. The whole division moved toward
the right of our lines, with this brigade in advance. We marched rapidly to
the line of the West Point rail road at Red Oaks; tore up track, and cut the
telegraph wires in sight of a large force of rebel cavalry. Returned to
camp at night after making a march of 22 miles, most of the time in
heavy rain and mud. From this time forth, the brigade performed its usual
duties until August 26th, when we broke up camp and marched out with
the division to contribute our remaining efforts to turn the enemy's left,
and destroy the Macon rail road, the last and only line of transit for
subsistence to his army at Atlanta. By the last of August it was very
generally conceded that the enemy would tender us battle, as usual, on
his choice of ground, and within his strong fortifications. On this last
named day, we marched to an encampment for the night near Turtle
Swamp, on the left of the Atlanta and Jonesboro road. On the following
morning, early, we moved across to, and down, the Rough and Ready and
Jonesboro road toward the latter named place, to a point about one half
mile south of Flint river. Here the brigade moved to the left in an open
field, and formed in order of battle as follows: First line, 22nd Ind. on the
right, 125th Ills. in the center, and the 52nd Ohio on the left, except three
companies of the 52nd Ohio, which were deployed as skirmishers; the
second line comprised the 85th, 86th and 110th Ills. About 2 o'clock p.
m., the brigade moved by the right flank across a difficult slough, and
reformed its lines on the crest of a hill beyond, and under a heavy fire
from the enemy's artillery. From this point we discovered that the enemy
were in strong force and well intrenched along the line of the Macon
railroad. At about 3 o'clock p. m., our line advanced through a thick skirt
of woods to an open corn-field beyond, swinging gradually to the right as
it advanced down the slope beyond, until our course was nearly south.
We moved to within one fourth of a mile of the enemy's line of works,
and engaged his skirmishers with our own, while the main line was
struggling to cross a swamp at the foot of the slope. As soon as a
crossing was effected the enemy's skirmishers were vigorously attacked
and driven to their main works. In this valley the first line built temporary
works which it held but a few minutes, when it again moved forward. A
part of the 52nd Ohio, charging with the 2nd brigade, aided in taking a
rebel battery in their front. The 22nd Ind. and 125th Ills. advanced in
quick time to the crest of the hill, where they encountered a line of rebels
concealed among the standing corn. These two regiments became at
once hotly engaged. The contest for a few moments appeared doubtful,
and might finally have turned in favor of the enemy, but for the success
of the 2nd brigade on our left. As soon as this success was known, not
one moment was lost by the 22nd Ind. and 125th Ills. in charging the
enemy's line, which finally yielded and broke, the men running in
confusion to their intrenchments, but just in time to find themselves our
prisoners. After driving the enemy back some six or seven hundred yards
to their second line of works on the rail road, and the woods to the west
of the rail road, our lines were about being reformed, when Col. Dilworth,
commanding the brigade, received a severe wound, and was carried off
the field. As soon as notified of this fact, I assumed command, and as
rapidly as possible reformed my somewhat broken lines. Going a few rods
to the left and rear, I met Captain Swift, brigade inspector, coming
forward with the 85th Ills. from the second line. This I put to work to turn
the rebel fortifications, and make them available to us in the event of a
counter assault. Meeting with other members of the brigade staff, I
directed them to bring forward the 86th and 110th Ills. as rapidly as
possible, and hold them in readiness for further orders. In the mean time
I drew from their former positions, the 125th Ills. and 22nd Ind., to give
them some rest. At this juncture Col. Mitchell represented to me, that the
enemy were massing in his front with a view to an attack, and asked me
to send him some assistance. Knowing the importance of holding the hill
we jointly occupied, I immediately sent him five companies from the 86th
Ills., and seven from the 52nd Ohio. In a few minutes the other battalion
of the 86th Ills., also went to his assistance. This force remained with Col.
Mitchell about one hour, and I depend on him to do them justice in his
report.
Between the right of the 2nd brigade and the left of the 15th corps, was
a gap in the lines about one half mile wide. The threatening
demonstrations of the enemy in front of this gap, showed the importance
he attached to it, and I determined to throw all my available force into,
and as far as possible close, it up. I accordingly moved the 125th Ills, to
the right and front, as far as the crest of the hill, putting it nearly in the
same position it occupied while fighting half an hour before. I then moved
the 85th Ills. to the right, and the 110th Ills. to the left of the 125th, and
directed them to put out as many sharp shooters as could be made
available, to annoy and keep back the enemies' skirmishers, while the
main line was ordered to construct works. The firing was kept up until
dark. Several times the enemy attempted to advance, but were driven
back to their works by the unerring aim of our guns. On the return of the
86th Ills., and the 52nd Ohio, from the assistance of the 2nd brigade, I
put the first in position on the right, with the right well refused. The 52nd
Ohio and 22nd Ind. were placed in reserve. Each regiment furnished
pickets for its front, the entire picket line being under the especial charge
of Captain Burkhalter, brigade provost marshal. These dispositions, in my
opinion, rendered our position perfectly secure. At night the enemy
abandoned his works, leaving his dead unburied, and wounded uncared
for. Our loss in this day's fight was one hundred and thirty-five killed and
wounded. The loss fell heaviest on the 22nd Ind. and 125th Ills.
We advanced about 10 o'clock to Jonesboro, went into position on the left
of the rail road and town, where we remained until late in the day of
Sept. 3rd, when I received orders from Major Gen. Davis, commanding
the corps, to remove the brigade to Atlanta on the following day, to guard
prisoners of war, and as escort to corps hospital trains. Arrived at this
place on the afternoon of Sept 4th, with 1674 prisoners, and trains.
Reported pursuant to orders, to Maj. Gen. Slocum, and went into camp
on the west side of town, where the troops have remained doing no duty
since.
In this review of the history of the third brigade during the late campaign,
I have confined myself thus far, as nearly as possible, to a simple
recitation of facts and circumstances; having been absent from the
brigade a part of the time, and afterwards only with one of its regiments
until the late fight at Jonesboro. Special mention of the conduct of many
brave officers and soldiers, would, perhaps, meet with little favor from my
feeble pen, even of those who have distinguished themselves by their
heroic and daring behavior on every battle field. So far as I can learn, on
the march, and in every engagement, they all did their entire duty, and
the appalling casualty list, show the sanguinary character of the many
conflicts in which these troops have taken part. The losses of the brigade
foot up, since the 3rd day of May last, the enormous sum of ONE THOUSAND
AND EIGHTY-TWO, killed, wounded and missing, being little less than the
number now present in the ranks for duty. The brigade met with its
heaviest loss in the assault on the enemy's works at Kenesaw Mountain,
June 27th. The number has been stated previously. There every regiment
was engaged, and where the contest was hottest, the front line could be
claimed by no particular regiment, but was made up of the bravest men
from all. At Peach Tree creek, July 14th, the 52nd Ohio, commanded by
Lieut. Col. Clancey, with skirmishers, under command of Major Holmes,
did nobly in clearing the heights beyond the creek, thus enabling the
remainder of the brigade to cross and form line free from the enemies
fire. In the same engagement, the 85th Ills., commanded by Major Rider,
advanced to within a few yards of the enemy's main line, but could not
hold its position. The loss to the regiment was heavy, but it behaved
manfully. The 22nd Ind., commanded, in the early part of the
engagement, by Maj. Shea, stood, unsupported, the brunt of a heavy
assault, and yielded only as it was overpowered by superior numbers.
Maj. Shea was wounded, and the command fell to Captain Snodgrass,
under whose charge it has been most of the time since. The conduct of
this officer, and his command, were all that could be asked in the late
battle of Jonesboro, and as truly may I say the same of Maj. Holmes, who
commanded the 52nd Ohio in the same engagement, until wounded and
disabled, when the command devolved upon Capt. Rothacker. Also the
85th Ills., commanded by Maj. Rider until disabled, when the charge of
the regiment fell to Captain Griffith. The 86th Ills. commanded part of the
time by Lt. Col. Fahnestock, and part by Maj. Thomas. The 110th Ills.,
commanded throughout by Lieut. Col. Topping, and also the 125th Ills.,
commanded, through the latter part of the engagement, by Captain Geo.
W. Cook. I wish to bear testimony to the general good conduct and
bravery of the several officers above named, and their respective
commands. I observed several striking instances of noble courage and
true bravery among subordinate officers and enlisted men, but want of
space forbids that I should mention them here. The reports from the
commanders of regiments must suffice. Captains Anderson, Swift and
Burkhalter, and Lieut. Tanner, of the brigade staff, are all known to the
brigade, and appreciated for their coolness and bravery in action. My
heartfelt thanks are due to the three last named for the eminent
assistance they so cheerfully rendered me during the engagement on the
1st instant. Captain Anderson, A. A. A. Gen., while in the discharge of his
duties, received a severe wound just before the command of the brigade
fell to my charge, thus depriving me of his valuable services.
Our honored dead, of whom from this brigade there are many have all
received a soldier's burial, and their scattered graves mark the
meandering course of our march all the way from Resaca to Atlanta.
 I have the honor to be, Captain,
Very respectfully, your obdt. servant.
(Signed) JAS. W. LANGLEY,
Lt. Col. 125th Ills., comd'g brigade.

To
Theodore Wiseman,
Capt. and A. A. Genl., 2nd Div., 14th A. C.
BRIGADE REPORT FROM ATLANTA, FLORENCE,
TO
SAVANNAH, GA.
Headquarters 3rd Brigade, 2nd Division,
14th Army Corps, Army of Georgia, near
Savannah, Ga., January 3rd, 1865.

Captain: Pursuant to orders, of date Dec. 28th, 1864, I have the

honor to report substantially the operations of my command, from
the fall of Atlanta, up to, and including the, fall of Savannah.
On the fourth day of September last, my command, comprising the
85th, 86th and 125th Ills., the 52nd Ohio, the 22nd Ind., and three
companies of the 110th Ills. Vols., moved from Jonesboro in charge
of the 14th army corps hospital trains, and about seventeen hundred
prisoners of war, to Atlanta, reaching the latter place about
sundown. After reporting to Maj. Gen. Slocum, then commanding at
Atlanta, and turning over my prisoners, by his orders I went into
camp to the left of the White Hall road, just beyond the suburbs of
the city, where I remained until the 29th day of September, when I
received orders to move to Chattanooga by cars as rapidly as
possible. At about 9 o'clock p. m., I got the brigade on board a train
of cars going north, and arrived at Chattanooga Oct. 1st, at 3 o'clock
p. m. General Morgan having previously gone to Huntsville, Ala.,
with the 1st and 2nd brigades of the division, I reported in person to
Maj. Gen. Thomas, who directed me to proceed to Huntsville as
rapidly as I could do with safety. I accordingly started on a train
from Chattanooga at sundown, and arrived safely at Huntsville at 12
o'clock m., Oct. 2nd and went into camp on the south side of town,
where we remained about two hours, when I received orders to
move to the depot immediately. On going to my command, I found it
all asleep, a luxury the men had not enjoyed since leaving, Atlanta,
three days before. Shortly after arriving at the depot, we
commenced reloading the same cars from which we had
disembarked but two or three hours previously. At dark the entire
division moved towards Athens, six miles when we met with
obstructions on the road that delayed us until next morning, when
we again started, reaching within six miles of Athens by noon. Here
were other obstructions in the road, and we disembarked for the last
time. By the order of Gen. Morgan, I directed Capt. Cook,
commanding the 125th Ills., to guard the empty trains back to
Huntsville, and return to the brigade by next train. At 2 o'clock p. m.,
the brigade marched with the division to Athens, and went into
camp in two lines, facing south-east. It will be seen that my
command was three days and four nights traveling from Atlanta to
Athens, and with the exception of about six hours of that time they
were on the cars, so closely crowded that none could lie down, even
had that been possible they could not have slept, owing to the very
heavy rain that fell almost without intermission during the trip. It
was the ill fortune of my brigade, to ride on trains managed by
drunken, incompetent, and irresponsible conductors and engineers,
who, for the most part, seemed perfectly indifferent to the sufferings
and inconvenience they imposed upon the soldiers, so long as they
enjoyed official confidence, a profitable salary, and plenty to eat.
On the morning of the fourth of October, the brigade, except the
125th Ills., not yet returned from Huntsville, and the 110th Ills., in
charge of supplies, marched from Athens toward Florence, fording
the Elk River at Brown's Ferry, about sundown, after which it
marched four miles to Rogersville and encamped for the night. Oct.
5th, marched at 6 o'clock a. m., crossed Shoal creek at dark, and
went into camp beyond and within seven miles of Florence. Oct. 6th,
the first brigade moved toward Florence at 7 o'clock a. m. but met
the enemy's cavalry skirmishers just beyond our picket line. I was
immediately ordered to follow with three regiments, leaving one as
camp guard. It was with little difficulty that a reconnoisance was
pushed through to Florence, as it was afterwards ascertained that
the enemy opposing our progress thither, amounted to only about
one hundred and fifty men. We reached the town at 1 o'clock p. m.,
and there learned certainly, what we already suspected, that Forrest
had escaped across the Tennessee. At 3 o'clock p. m., we returned
to Shoal creek, reaching there about sundown. On the following
morning the entire command with the division returned to Florence,
and went into camp on the south-east side of the town, where we
remained two days.
Up to this time, from the date of our departure from Atlanta, it
rained heavily every day, rendering the roads from Athens to
Florence very muddy, besides swelling the numerous streams to
their banks. These streams we were compelled to ford, with the
exception of Shoal creek, which had a good bridge. The men were
drenching wet, adding greatly to the weight of their loads, and their
sleep, though sound, was the sleep of exhaustion and afforded them
but little rest. Besides many were bare footed and foot sore. Those
who fell sick by the way side, were left in houses to the care of the
citizens, as we had no means of transportation. The citizens, as far
as I am able to learn, uniformly treated our sick soldiers with a great
deal of kindness. Officers had no comforts or conveniences above
those of enlisted men, and indulged only in such luxuries as they
could transport by virtue of their own physical strength. In short I do
not hesitate to say, that our trip from Atlanta to Florence, came
nearer tasking to the utmost, the physical endurance of the
American soldier, than any campaign I ever witnessed, and I cannot
withhold the mead of praise so eminently due the brave officers and
men who made it. They performed all that was required of them
with that characteristic cheerfulness, which has recently become so
strongly engrafted in the heart of our army. Oct. 10th, we left
Florence on our way back towards Athens, marched nineteen miles,
and encamped for the night. Oct. 11th, resumed march towards
Athens, and encamped for the night within eight miles of the town.
Oct. 12th, reached Athens at 10 o'clock a. m., where the 125th Ills.
rejoined the brigade. We moved two miles east of town, and went
into temporary camp. At 2 o'clock p. m., I received orders from Gen.
Morgan to detail one regiment to rebuild a rail road bridge across a
branch of Lime Stone creek, which next morning it had completed,
and about noon cars began to arrive at Athens to transport the
division to Chattanooga. My command got off at 4 o'clock a. m., Oct.
13th, and reached Chattanooga at midnight and went in camp in two
lines on the west side of town where it remained four days. My first
effort was to procure shoes and clothing for my barefooted and
almost naked men. I succeeded in procuring 785 pairs of shoes, and
a sufficient supply of clothing. At the expiration of our four days rest
at Chattanooga, we marched, on the morning of the 18th of October,
by the Rossville and Dry Valley roads, to Lee and Gordon's mills on
the Chickamauga river and encamped for the night. Oct. 19th
marched to La Fayette and camped for the night. Oct. 20th, marched
south from La Fayette about twelve miles and turned to the right, on
a road leading to Brown Town Valley, and after fording Chattanooga
river, we went into camp for the night. October 21st, marched 25
miles on Brown Town Valley road towards Galesville. Oct. 22nd,
marched to Galesville, and went into camp north of town, where we
joined the corps and remained five days, subsisting partly on
government rations, and partly on the country. Oct. 28th, left camp
at 2 o'clock p. m., and marched 8 miles towards Rome and camped
for the night at Missionary station, near the state line. Oct. 29th,
resumed the march at 6 o'clock a. m., and encamped at night on the
north side of the Ostanalla river, and within one mile of Rome, where
we remained until Oct. 31st, when I received orders to march to
Kingston as guard to corps train. My command left Rome at 3 o'clock
p. m., marched 8 miles and encamped at night on Cedar creek.
Resumed march at 7 a. m. next day, and reached Kingston within
three hours, when it went into camp and remained until November
8th, on which day we marched to Cartersville and encamped south-
west of town about two miles, until November 12th, when I was
ordered to relieve a brigade of the 2nd division, 15th army corps, at
the fort on the Etowah river. November 13th, marched to Ackworth,
stopping on the way to tear up and destroy three and a half miles of
rail road track and ties; reached camp at 9 p. m. November 14th,
marched by way of Kenesaw Mountain to within four miles of
Chattahoochie river. November 15th, resumed march at 6 o'clock a.
m., crossed the river on pontoon bridge and reached Atlanta at 1
o'clock p. m. This may be said to finish the North Alabama
campaign, having been gone from Atlanta forty-eight days, instead
of four, as was expected. Before reaching Atlanta, I sent orders to
Captain Hall, commanding a small detachment of the brigade at that
place, to procure guns, accoutrements and ammunition for every
man in his command able to march, and I also had requisitions
made by regimental commanders, for the amount of such ordnance
stores required to perfectly equip their command. I had also an
officer detailed from each regiment to take these requisitions to
Atlanta, and give them their personal attention. These were sent
from Kingston as soon as I received intelligence that we would
shortly cut loose from our "old base;" but they failed to get the men
properly armed, in consequence of the surplus ordnance stores
having been shipped from Atlanta before their arrival. This left my
command on reaching Atlanta, short fifty-four guns and
accoutrements. From Kingston, also, I directed my brigade
quartermaster, Lieut. A. M. Ayers, to proceed to Atlanta and draw his
estimate of clothing and allowance of transportation. This he did to
my entire satisfaction, having procured a sufficient number of shoes
to give every man two pair; the result of which was, that upon our
arrival at Savannah, I had not a barefoot soldier in my command.
The 3rd brigade, comprising 1721 total commissioned officers and
enlisted men present, left Atlanta Nov. 16th, at 12 m., and marched
on the Decatur road 9 miles and camped for the night. Nov. 17th,
marched at 7 a. m. by way of Lithonia to Conyer's station. During
the afternoon of this day we tore up and destroyed three miles of
rail road track and ties. Nov. 18th, marched at 6 o'clock a. m. on the
Covington road, and camped for the night three miles east of that
town. To-day the brigade destroyed two and a half miles of railroad
track and ties. To-day, also, we began to subsist off the country. Nov.
19th, marched at 6 o'clock a. m., crossed Alcova river, and went into
camp at dark near Shady Dale. Nov. 20th, marched at 7 a. m., and
camped at night near Eatonton Factory. Nov. 21st, marched at 6
o'clock a. m., and camped at night on east side of Cedar creek. Nov.
22nd, laid still to-day and let the 1st and 3rd divisions of the corps
pass by. Nov. 23rd, marched at 6 a. m. with two regiments as train
guard, and two as rear guard, and camped at night within two miles
of Milledgeville, the rear guard reaching camp at half past 9 o'clock
p. m. Nov. 24th marched at 10 o'clock a. m. through Milledgeville,
Georgia's capitol, with colors displayed, and bands playing national
airs, and camped at night seven miles beyond, on the Sandersville
road. Nov. 25th, marched at 6 a. m. to Buffalo creek, where we
found the bridge had been destroyed just before our arrival. My
command marched at the head of the division column to-day; upon
its reaching this creek I set to work a company of pioneers and two
companies of men from the 22nd Indiana, and in half an hour had
constructed a very good foot bridge, upon which I crossed the 22nd
Ind., and afterwards the entire brigade. Leaving my pioneer party to
assist Col. Buell in putting down a pontoon bridge for the crossing of
trains, we camped at night on Keg creek. Nov. 26th, marched at 6
o'clock a. m., crossed Keg creek and met rebel skirmishers within ten
miles of Sandersville. My foraging party assisted the troops in the
advance to drive the enemy through town. We arrived in town at 10
o'clock a. m., and went into camp on the north side. Nov. 27th,
marched at 7 a. m. on the Louisville road, crossed the Ogechee river,
and camped within eight miles of Louisville for the night. Nov. 28th,
marched at 6 o'clock a. m. to within one mile of Louisville, where we
found that the bridge across Rocky Comfort creek, had been burnt,
and was being repaired by the 3rd division, 14th army corps. At dusk
I crossed my command over, marched through the town, and went
into camp on the left of the Augusta road, about one and a half
miles beyond. Nov. 29th, remained in camp all day. Nov. 30th, still in
camp at Louisville. To-day I deployed the 86th and 125th Ills. as
skirmishers, supported by the 52nd Ohio and 22nd Ind. and moved
forward, covering the Warrenton and Augusta roads. This movement
was induced by the presence in our vicinity of small parties of the
enemy's cavalry, that had for two or three days past, been capturing
and murdering foragers and other soldiers who were so unfortunate
as to fall into their power. The enemy had, on the night previous to
this movement, captured and killed two men of the 85th Ills., and
one of the 125th Ills. My line advanced at 11 o'clock a. m. and drove
the enemy in fine style, recapturing a small foraging party with trains
from the 20th corps, that had ventured too far out. Pretty smart
skirmishing continued for some minutes, when the enemy attempted
to break my line, but were repulsed by the 86th Ills., with the loss of
one captain and one private, who were killed outright, and left by
the flying enemy on the field. At this juncture, by order of Gen.
Morgan, I halted and adjusted my line. Everything remained quiet
until 3:30 p. m., when I received orders to move forward until my
right should connect with the left of the 2nd brigade, which was
moving across towards the Augusta from the Waynsboro road. In
this movement my line advanced at the double quick across a corn-
field, to the woods beyond, driving the enemy out of a line of works
about two hundred yards in length. It being deemed useless to
pursue cavalry with infantry, I was directed at sun down to withdraw
my brigade, and reestablish my picket line as it had been in the
morning, which I did, the enemy following the skirmish line as it
retired. In this day's operations a good deal of shooting was done by
the enemy, but in driving him more than a mile, he did not succeed
in wounding one of our men. We recovered the bodies of the
enlisted men murdered the night before. I have no hesitancy in
saying they were deliberately murdered after they had surrendered,
as was evinced by an examination of the fatal wounds. One man
was shot through the head, the ball entered just above the left ear,
surrounding the entrance the hair was singed close to the scalp by
the burning powder. The other two were shot through the body; one
was shot three times, and the other twice. So close was the weapon
held when discharged, that in every instance the clothing was
scorched and burned.
In front of the left of my picket line, stood a cotton gin containing
forty-eight bales of cotton, the property of Asa Hoyt, behind which
the enemy had concealed himself, and fired upon my men in the
morning. Not willing to give him the advantage of that position
longer, upon the withdrawal of my troops, I detailed Major Holmes,
52nd Ohio, with a small number of men to destroy it, which they
accordingly did, and which fact I reported to you in writing, while
the gin was still burning. This embraces the only property of any
kind burned by my orders during the campaign. Dec. 1st, marched
at 10 a. m. as guard to 3rd division train, and reached camp at 11 p.
m. Dec. 2nd, marched at 8 a. m. Furnished two regiments to guard
the corps reserve artillery and ammunition trains, and reached camp
at 8 p. m. Dec. 3rd, marched at 9 a. m. on Augusta road; crossed
Buckhead creek and went into camp at dark on Mill creek, near
Lumpton's station. Dec. 4th, marched at noon in rear of, and as
guard to, 3rd division trains; passed through Habersham, and went
into camp at 10 p. m. Dec. 5th, marched at 7 o'clock a. m.;
furnished guard of two regiments for corps reserve artillery trains,
and camped for the night at 7 p. m. Dec. 6th, marched at 6:30 a.
m.; good roads all day. Marched twenty-one and a half miles on
main Savannah road, and went into camp for the night Road blocked
just ahead of this camp for three quarters of a mile by fallen trees.
At night I made a detail of sufficient pioneer force to clear the road,
which they accomplished by 9 p. m. Dec. 7th, marched at 11 a. m.
in rear of, and as guard to, 3rd division trains. Reached camp at
Ebeneezer creek at 8 p. m. Dec 8th, marched at 7 a. m.; order of
march changed. Left all transportation excepting that belonging to
brigade and regimental headquarters; crossed Ebeneezer creek at 12
m. and awaited the building of a bridge over little Kogglies creek;
after which we marched four miles beyond, and went into camp at 8
p. m. In half an hour afterwards I received orders to return and
camp for the night between the two creeks. Got into camp at 11 p.
m. Dec. 9th, marched at 7 a. m., moved four miles and built two
bridges over creeks. Moved about four miles farther on and
encountered a section of a rebel battery planted in the road, well
protected by a substantial earth work. I received orders from Gen.
Morgan to send the 125th Ills. forward, deployed as skirmishers, on
each side of the road, and develop, if possible, the strength of the
enemy. The regiment thus moved to within one hundred yards of the
rebel works, without drawing a shot from the enemy's musketry,
though his artillery played continually upon a piece of our own
posted in the road. The enemy had selected a good position to make
a brief stand with a small number of men, having built his works in
the center, and on either side of the road, just beyond where it
divides a swamp. By direction of Gen. Morgan, I pushed forward the
86th Ills., six companies as skirmishers, until it joined the right of the
125th Ills. I then directed Lieut. Col. Fahnestock, commanding the
86th Ills., to wheel gradually to the left, and if possible get his right
to the enemy's rear. This he did, so far as was in his power, but his
whole line was in a swamp, where vines, rank weeds, and
undergrowth timber was so abundant, that his progress was
necessarily too slow to reach the desired position before dark, and at
dark, by order of Gen. Morgan, the entire line was halted and
established as a picket line for the night. During the night the enemy
withdrew, and my skirmishers entered his works at daybreak. In this
affair two men of the 86th Ills. were wounded. Dec. 10th, marched
at 7 a. m.; proceeded five miles in the direction of Savannah, when
we struck the 20th army corps column. Went into camp for the
afternoon and night, on the left of the road. Dec. 11th, marched at 8
a. m. towards the city as far as the five mile post, and turned to the
right and marched about three quarters of a mile, when, by direction
of Gen. Morgan, I went into position in three lines, in reserve, facing
south. My camp was as comfortable as I could wish, being on high
ground, and in the midst of a pine grove. Dec. 12th, in the afternoon
my command tore up and destroyed two and a half miles of track
and ties, on the Savannah and Macon railroad. Dec. 13th, made the
road, destroyed yesterday, suitable for a wagon road, after which
the brigade did no other duties than furnish train and other guards,
until the 22nd of December, the day subsequent to the fall of
Savannah, when my command marched to within one and a half
miles of the city, and went into camp in two lines, facing north, on
the left of the canal, where we now are, making preparations for
such other work as may be our lot to perform. This brigade, though
small, is, perhaps, in as good condition for active operations, as any.
There are many officers and men absent, whom I would be glad to
have returned to their command. While in camp at Atlanta during
the month of September last, there was perfected and forwarded a
list of absentees, and efforts were being made to secure their return,
but before much could be accomplished in this respect, the brigade
was put in motion, and only stopped since arriving at this place. The
strength of the command is as follows:
Present: Commissioned officers, 80. Enlisted men, 1634.
Absent: Commissioned officers, 58. Enlisted men, 1177.
Total: Commissioned officers, 138. Enlisted men, 2811.
After two day's marching from Atlanta, I found necessity for a party
of pioneers to clear out and repair bad places in the road. To meet
this end I detailed 30 enlisted men, for whom I could not procure
guns, and armed them with spades, picks, and axes. These I put
under command of Lt. Groninger, of the 86th Ills., an officer of the
proper spirit and energy to make such a party very useful. I required
these pioneers to march, each day, at the head of the brigade
column, and build rail and pole bridges over small streams, for the
safe and speedy passage of troops, and none will fail to appreciate
the utility of such a force on all campaigns. When once drilled to
labor, they will perform as much work in the same length of time, as
three times the number detailed temporarily from the ranks. On the
18th of November, I began to subsist off the country, and to prevent,
as far as possible, pillaging and marauding, and all manner of
lawlessness, I had details of thirty men, and one commissioned
officer, made daily, from each regiment, who reported at an hour
stated, at brigade headquarters, where these details were verified.
These I put in charge of a field, or acting field officer, whom I made
responsible for the conduct of his men on that day. I directed that
every thing obtained should be reported to this officer, and by him
turned over, if subsistence for the troops, to the brigade commissary,
or if mules and horses, to the brigade quartermaster. By so doing my
foragers always obtained plenty and the troops shared alike in its
distribution through the brigade commissary. From a statement
submitted to me by Lt. Batchelder, A. C. S., I find that from Nov.
16th, until Dec. 16th, inclusive, my command drew, per man, of hard
bread, 9 rations; peas, 8 rations; coffee, 26 rations; salt, 25 rations;
sugar, 15 rations; bacon, 4 rations, and salt pork, 6 rations, beyond
which issues the command subsisted from the country, and always
had abundance. Besides this tabular statement of issues, I left
Atlanta with 150 head of beef cattle very poor in flesh, and already
weak from travel. The forage parties supplied the command so
bountifully with fresh pork, that but little beef was consumed on the
march, and before reaching Savannah, nearly all these cattle had
died along the road, or were abandoned on account of being too
weak to travel; but still my drove increased daily by acquisitions from
the country, and on the 12th of December, when my command
reached this position, it numbered about 231 head, large and small,
all of which have since been issued to the troops. My forage details
were frequently annoyed by the enemy, but, by always keeping well
together, they were able to resist or drive away a considerable force.
On the 30th November, particularly, the foragers of the brigade,
under command of Capt. Powers, of the 22nd Ind., were attacked
about nine miles from Louisville, by a party of Wheeler's command,
and after a brisk fight, drove the enemy away. Towards night of the
same day, as the detail was proceeding to camp at Louisville, with
four ox wagon loads of forage, they were suddenly surrounded by
three of Wheeler's regiments, and after some very severe fighting,
succeeded in getting into camp, with the loss of one man killed and
four wounded, and were compelled to abandon their provisions and
wagons. On the 29th November, I mounted forty men on captured
mules and horses, and placed the party under command of Captain
Harbor, of the 125th Ills., a very brave and efficient officer. These
labored to find where subsistence could be obtained, and to aid the
infantry details in getting it, as well as for the purpose of capturing
stock for the use of the army. It is not possible for me to state the
exact number of horses and mules captured, as such property was
frequently taken from my foragers, while on their way to camp, and
informally turned over to Lt. Coe, quartermaster for the division.
How many were turned over by orders from these headquarters,
together with the number known to have been informally returned
to Lt. Coe, were: horses, 104; mules, 160; total, 264. These
numbers might have been increased somewhat, had I sent out
parties to hunt exclusively for stock, but in nearly every instance
such captures were the labors of my subsistence details.
The number of negroes that followed my column was 160. Of these
92 were officers' servants and 68 were refugees. The latter have
been sent to division headquarters pursuant to orders. I submit and
call your attention to casualty lists of the north Alabama and the
Savannah campaigns hereto attached. A few of those marked
"missing," deserve the punishment prisoners of war usually get, but
it is the misfortune of the service that such men belong to the army
and are counted as soldiers. They were doubtless in the act of
stealing something when captured. I suppose every command has a
few of such men. I know this one has, whom to loose from the army
is a gain to the government. Nor can I say much less of some
officers in the service, who in spite of their long experience, and in
face of positive orders to the contrary, suffer, nay, by their
passiveness, encourage their men to throw aside the restrictions of
discipline, and become out-laws and brigands. I believe a company
commander should be the best disciplinarian in the service, and
should feel that his position, so immediately connecting him with the
rank and file, makes him the surest conservator of the peace and
good order of the army. And an officer who from incompetency or
other cause is not well adapted to teach and maintain a good system
of discipline in his command, should be summarily dismissed from
the service. A few of such in my command I could cheerfully
recommend for dismissal, and do honestly believe the service would
be promoted thereby. Since the fall of Atlanta the brigade staff has
undergone several changes. Most of the old members were absent
during the Savannah campaign. Those at present serving on such
duty, without specially naming them here, have all well and faithfully
discharged every trust confided to them. I am also under special
obligations to regimental commanders for their efforts to maintain
strict discipline throughout the entire campaign. I commend them all
to my superior officers.
 RECAPITULATION.

Number of horses captured, 104; mules, 160; total, 264. Number of

negroes that followed the command, 160. Rations issued on the
Atlanta and Savannah campaigns per man: Hard bread, 9 rations;
peas, 8 rations; coffee, 26 rations; salt, 25 rations; sugar, 15 rations;
bacon, 4 rations; salt pork, 6 rations. Amount of railroad destroyed,
track and ties, 11½ miles; cotton destroyed, 48 bales; cotton gins,
one.
I have the honor to be Captain,
Very Respectfully,
Your Obedient Servant
JAS. W. LANGLEY,
Lieut. Col. Comdg. Brigade.

Theo. Wiseman,
Capt. and A. A. G.
Second Division.
 BRIGADE REPORT FROM BENTONVILLE TO
GOLDSBORO,
NORTH CAROLINA.
Headquarters 3rd Brigade, 2d Division, 14th A. C.
Goldsboro, N. C., March 30, 1865.
Captain: I have the honor to report herewith the operations of this
brigade from the hour I assumed command of the same up to its
arrival at this place.
A few minutes before 4 o'clock in the afternoon of the 19th, I was
informed by Capt. Swift, A. A. A. G. of the brigade, that Gen. Fearing
was wounded and disabled for further command, when I
immediately assumed command of the brigade. This was just as my
own regiment came out of the fight and began its formation on the
Goldsboro road, as described in my regimental report. Capt.
Snodgrass, commanding the 22d Indiana, had rallied about 100
men, mostly of his left wing, which had remained in better order
than his right. The 125th Illinois almost entire formed line to the left
and on the prolongation of the basis of alignment of the 22nd
Indiana. I immediately directed two staff officers to find the 52d
Ohio and 86th Illinois and put them in their order on the right of this
new line. While these officers were preparing to execute this order, I
directed so much of the line as was already formed to move forward
to a point by me designated, where the left should rest, and about
seventy-five yards in advance of the rallying point. I had at this time
but one entire regiment and so much of the 22d Indiana as above
mentioned. These I directed to carry rails and when arrived at the
point to which they were ordered, to advance. I then chose my
defensive line, nearly at right angles with the Goldsboro road, and
ordered works to be rapidly constructed. As soon as the work began,
a brigade of the 20th A. C., commanded by Gen. Robinson, joined
my left, and began the construction of a refused line. I then passed
towards the right and met Capt. James, commanding a portion of
the 52d Ohio, and directed him to form on the 22d Indiana. Very
soon thereafter Lieut. Col. Fahnestock reported with a part of the
86th Illinois, whom I directed to form on the right of the 52d Ohio,
refusing well his right. By this time I may safely say that not more
than one-half the command was present. I urged regimental
commanders to bring forward their men as rapidly as possible, and
waste no time in strengthening their works. Cartridge-boxes were
nearly empty, and I directed Captain Swift to find ammunition
wherever he could and distribute it to the regiments. This he
obtained from the 20th army corps, not being able to find
ammunition wagons of our own division. Men who had become
separated from their commands, were rapidly coming forward, so
that the line was now compelled to yield battalion front to the right.
My works were scarcely strong enough to protect men lying down,
when the enemy's skirmishers advanced to within shooting distance,
and commenced a lively fire. At this moment a staff officer of the
Major General commanding left wing, met Captain Burkhalter,
brigade inspector, and directed that the line should be thrown back
about seventy-five yards. This direction I could not obey, even if the
point, selected by him, had been more advisable, for the main line of
the enemy at this moment vigorously assaulted my works, and were
handsomely repulsed. My line having proved available once I
determined to strengthen and hold it; besides it was the nearest
position I could obtain to the lines of the 1st and 2nd brigades of the
division, which I knew were then isolated by the intervention of a
heavy rebel column. About half an hour before sundown, Gen.
Coggswell, commanding a brigade of the 20th army corps, moved in
past my right, and advanced swinging to the left past my front, until
his left rested about 150 yards to the front of my center. Here his
command became hotly engaged, but maintained firmly its position,
until darkness terminated all efforts of the rebels to dislodge it.
During the fight in front, my left was attacked by strong columns of
the enemy, but in every instance they failed to move it. As soon as
darkness came on, I directed my line of works to be made strong,
and obstructions placed in front. Though the troops of this command
had been driven back at an early period of the day, I can bear
witness to the total absence of anything like demoralization in the
ranks, in the engagement I have attempted to describe. Men were
cool and determined, and fought with the energy of heroes. During
the night I maintained a good picket line to my front. On the
morning of the 20th, at 9 o'clock, I was relieved by Gen. Carlin of
the 1st division, and directed to join the 1st and 2nd brigades. This I
did, and took position in reserve. At 9 p. m., by order of Gen.
Morgan, I placed two regiments in temporary works which had been
vacated by Gen. Baird's troops, and on the following morning I
moved the two remaining regiments of the brigade, and extended
the line across the Goldsboro road. This formation put the brigade in
single line with the left much advanced. Here I had constructed a
strong line of works. This new position placed me about one third of
a mile in advance of the 1st division of the corps, and with no
connection on my left, which fact I reported. About 10 a. m. Maj.
Gen. Slocum visited my line, and informed me that he would
immediately put in troops on my left. Soon after a division of the
20th army corps was formed, making the connection complete, but
did not remain more than half an hour, when it was withdrawn,
again leaving my left exposed. This involved the necessity of
refusing the center and left of my line so much, that it threw my
entire line on the south side of, and parallel to, the road. About 3 p.
m., the enemy opened on my skirmish line with artillery, and at the
same time advanced a line of battle and drove the skirmishers in.
The line of battle advanced to within shooting distance of my main
line, but hastily retired upon receiving our fire. The most of my line
was so close to that of the enemy, that lively picket firing was kept
up all day. At night the enemy retreated, and my skirmishers were
the first to enter his works at daybreak, which fact I reported to you
at once. On the 22nd instant the brigade marched as far as the
Neuse river, and encamped for the night. On the morning of the
23rd, it crossed the Neuse and marched as train guard to this place,
where it reached its present camp, on the north side of the city, at
dark. In order to show, to some extent, the damage done to the
enemy in the fight of the 19th instant, I have to report that on the
next day, details from this brigade, for that purpose, buried 112
dead rebels, including 8 commissioned officers, on our front alone.
Other duties were required of the troops before the dead were all
buried. The casualty list of the brigade, pursuant to orders, has been
forwarded. My grateful thanks are due to Captain Swift, A. A. A. G.,
Captain Burkhalter, A. A. I. G., and Lieut. Tanner, A. D. C., for the
efficient services they rendered me at the critical moment when I
assumed command of the brigade, and their subsequent conduct on
the field only added luster to their long acknowledged bravery; also
to Captain Stinson and Lieutenant Scroggs, of the division staff, who
were, during a portion of the engagement, cut off from their
commander, and served me to excellent purpose as volunteer aids,
until communication was opened to Gen. Morgan's quarters.
I have the honor to be Captain,
Very Respectfully,
Your Obedient Servant
JAS. W. LANGLEY,
Lieut. Col. Comdg. Brigade.

To
Theo. Wiseman,
Capt. and A. A. G.
Second Division.
 TRANSCRIBER'S NOTES
1. Silently corrected simple spelling, grammar, and
typographical errors.
2. Retained anachronistic and non-standard
spellings as printed.
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